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  • July 25 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
    • 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I’s victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge.
    • 677 – Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica by the Slavs in a three-day assault on the city walls.
    • 864 – The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.
    • 1137 – Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Prince Louis, later King Louis VII of France, at the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux.
    • 1139 – Battle of Ourique: The Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques who is proclaimed King of Portugal.
    • 1261 – The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.
    • 1278 – The naval Battle of Algeciras takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista resulting in a victory for the Emirate of Granada and the Maranid Dynasty over the Kingdom of Castile.
    • 1467 – The Battle of Molinella: The first battle in Italy in which firearms are used extensively.
    • 1536 – Sebastián de Belalcázar on his search of El Dorado founds the city of Santiago de Cali.
    • 1538 – The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.
    • 1547 – Henry II of France is crowned.
    • 1554 – Mary I marries Philip II of Spain at Winchester Cathedral.
    • 1567 – Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela.
    • 1593 – Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
    • 1603 – James VI of Scotland is crowned king of England (James I of England), bringing the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into personal union. Political union would occur in 1707.
    • 1609 – The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there.
    • 1693 – Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Mexico.
    • 1722 – Dummer’s War begins along the Maine-Massachusetts border.
    • 1755 – British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council order the deportation of the Acadians.
    • 1759 – French and Indian War: In Western New York, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.
    • 1783 – American Revolutionary War: The war’s last action, the Siege of Cuddalore, is ended by a preliminary peace agreement.
    • 1788 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his Symphony No. 40 in G minor (K550).
    • 1792 – The Brunswick Manifesto is issued to the population of Paris promising vengeance if the French royal family is harmed.
    • 1797 – Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain).
    • 1799 – At Abu Qir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha.
    • 1814 – War of 1812: An American attack on Canada is repulsed.
    • 1824 – Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua.
    • 1837 – The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone.
    • 1853 – Joaquin Murrieta, the famous Californio bandit known as the “Robin Hood of El Dorado”, is killed.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
    • 1866 – The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank.
    • 1868 – The Wyoming Territory is established.
    • 1869 – The Japanese daimyōs begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869).
    • 1894 – The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.
    • 1898 – In the Puerto Rican Campaign, the United States seizes Puerto Rico from Spain.
    • 1908 – Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.
    • 1909 – Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from Calais to Dover, England, United Kingdom in 37 minutes.
    • 1915 – RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British pursuit aviator to earn the Victoria Cross.
    • 1917 – Sir Robert Borden introduces the first income tax in Canada as a “temporary” measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
    • 1925 – Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.
    • 1934 – The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
    • 1940 – General Henri Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal.
    • 1942 – The Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance to the German occupation.
    • 1943 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by the Grand Council of Fascism and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.
    • 1944 – World War II: Operation Spring is one of the bloodiest days for the First Canadian Army during the war.
    • 1946 – Nuclear weapons testing: Operation Crossroads: An atomic bomb is detonated underwater in the lagoon of Bikini Atoll.
    • 1956 – Forty-five miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria collides with the MS Stockholm in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51.
    • 1957 – The Republic of Tunisia is proclaimed, under President Habib Bourguiba.
    • 1958 – The African Regroupment Party (PRA) holds its first congress in Cotonou.
    • 1961 – Cold War: In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO.
    • 1965 – Bob Dylan goes electric at the Newport Folk Festival, signaling a major change in folk and rock music.
    • 1969 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the “Vietnamization” of the war.
    • 1973 – Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched.
    • 1976 – Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo.
    • 1978 – Puerto Rican police shoot two nationalists in the Cerro Maravilla murders.
    • 1978 – Birth of Louise Joy Brown, the first human to have been born after conception by in vitro fertilisation, or IVF.
    • 1979 – Another section of the Sinai Peninsula is peacefully returned by Israel to Egypt.
    • 1983 – Black July: Thirty-seven Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners.
    • 1984 – Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.
    • 1993 – Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War.
    • 1993 – The Saint James Church massacre occurs in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa.
    • 1994 – Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration, that formally ends the state of war that had existed between the nations since 1948.
    • 1995 – A gas bottle explodes in Saint Michel station of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). Eight are killed and 80 wounded.
    • 1996 – In a military coup in Burundi, Pierre Buyoya deposes Sylvestre Ntibantunganya.
    • 2000 – Concorde Air France Flight 4590 crashes at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport, killing 113 people.
    • 2007 – Pratibha Patil is sworn in as India’s first female president.
    • 2010 – WikiLeaks publishes classified documents about the War in Afghanistan, one of the largest leaks in U.S. military history.
    • 2018 – As-Suwayda attacks: Coordinated attacks occur in Syria.
    • 2019 – National extreme heat records set this day in the UK, Belgium and Germany during the July 2019 European heatwave.

    Births on July 25

    • 975 – Thietmar, bishop of Merseburg (d. 1018)
    • 1016 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)
    • 1109 – Afonso I, king of Portugal (d. 1185)
    • 1165 – Ibn Arabi, Andalusian Sufi mystic, poet, and philosopher (d. 1240)
    • 1261 – Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1312)
    • 1291 – Hawys Gadarn, Welsh noblewoman (d. 1353)
    • 1336 – Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1404)
    • 1394 – James I, king of Scotland (d. 1437)
    • 1404 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant (d. 1430)
    • 1421 – Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, English politician (d. 1461)
    • 1450 – Jakob Wimpfeling, Renaissance humanist (d. 1528)
    • 1486 – Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1547)
    • 1498 – Hernando de Aragón, Archbishop of Zaragoza (d. 1575)
    • 1532 – Alphonsus Rodriguez, Jesuit lay brother and saint (d. 1617)
    • 1556 – George Peele, English translator, poet, and dramatist (d. 1596)
    • 1562 – Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese warlord (d. 1611)
    • 1573 – Christoph Scheiner, German astronomer and Jesuit (d. 1650)
    • 1581 – Brian Twyne, English archivist (d. 1644)
    • 1605 – Theodore Haak, German scholar (d. 1690)
    • 1633 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (d. 1701)
    • 1654 – Agostino Steffani, Italian composer and diplomat (d. 1728)
    • 1657 – Philipp Heinrich Erlebach, German composer (d. 1714)
    • 1658 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish general (d. 1703)
    • 1683 – Pieter Langendijk, Dutch playwright and poet (d. 1756)
    • 1750 – Henry Knox, American general and politician, 1st United States Secretary of War (d. 1806)
    • 1753 – Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires, French-Spanish captain and politician, 10th Viceroy of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (d. 1810)
    • 1797 – Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1889)
    • 1806 – Maria Weston Chapman, American abolitionist (d. 1885)
    • 1839 – Francis Garnier, French captain and explorer (d. 1873)
    • 1844 – Thomas Eakins, American painter, sculptor, and photographer (d. 1916)
    • 1847 – Paul Langerhans, German pathologist, physiologist and biologist (d. 1888)
    • 1848 – Arthur Balfour, Scottish-English lieutenant and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1930)
    • 1857 – Frank J. Sprague, American naval officer and inventor (d. 1934)
    • 1865 – Jac. P. Thijsse, Dutch botanist and conservationist (d. 1945)
    • 1866 – Frederick Blackman, English physiologist and academic (d. 1947)
    • 1867 – Max Dauthendey, German author and painter (d. 1918)
    • 1867 – Alexander Rummler, American painter (d. 1959)
    • 1869 – Platon, Estonian bishop and saint (d. 1919)
    • 1870 – Maxfield Parrish, American painter and illustrator (d. 1966)
    • 1875 – Jim Corbett, Indian hunter, environmentalist, and author (d. 1955)
    • 1878 – Masaharu Anesaki, Japanese philosopher and scholar (d. 1949)
    • 1882 – George S. Rentz, American commander (d. 1942)
    • 1883 – Alfredo Casella, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1947)
    • 1886 – Edward Cummins, American golfer (d. 1926)
    • 1894 – Walter Brennan, American actor (d. 1974)
    • 1894 – Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian Serb revolutionary (d. 1918)
    • 1895 – Ingeborg Spangsfeldt, Danish actress (d. 1968)
    • 1896 – Jack Perrin, American actor and stuntman (d. 1967)
    • 1896 – Josephine Tey, Scottish author and playwright (d. 1952)
    • 1901 – Ruth Krauss, American author and poet (d. 1993)
    • 1901 – Mohammed Helmy, Egyptian physician and Righteous Among the Nations (d.1982)
    • 1901 – Lila Lee, American actress and singer (d. 1973)
    • 1902 – Eric Hoffer, American philosopher and author (d. 1983)
    • 1905 – Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-Swiss novelist, playwright, and memoirist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
    • 1905 – Georges Grignard, French race car driver (d. 1977)
    • 1905 – Denys Watkins-Pitchford, English author and illustrator (d. 1990)
    • 1906 – Johnny Hodges, American saxophonist and clarinet player (d. 1970)
    • 1908 – Bill Bowes, English cricketer (d. 1987)
    • 1908 – Ambroise-Marie Carré, French priest and author (d. 2004)
    • 1908 – Jack Gilford, American actor (d. 1990)
    • 1914 – Woody Strode, American football player and actor (d. 1994)
    • 1915 – S. U. Ethirmanasingham, Sri Lankan businessman and politician
    • 1915 – Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American lieutenant and pilot (d. 1944)
    • 1916 – Lucien Saulnier, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1989)
    • 1917 – Fritz Honegger, Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 1999)
    • 1918 – Jane Frank, American painter and sculptor (d. 1986)
    • 1920 – Rosalind Franklin, English biophysicist, chemist, and academic (d. 1958)
    • 1921 – Adolph Herseth, American soldier and trumpet player (d. 2013)
    • 1921 – Lionel Terray, French mountaineer (d. 1965)
    • 1923 – Estelle Getty, American actress (d. 2008)
    • 1923 – Edgar Gilbert, American mathematician and theorist (d. 2013)
    • 1923 – Maria Gripe, Swedish journalist and author (d. 2007)
    • 1924 – Frank Church, American lawyer and politician (d. 1984)
    • 1924 – Scotch Taylor, South African cricketer and hockey player (d. 2004)
    • 1925 – Benny Benjamin, American R&B drummer (The Funk Brothers) (d. 1969)
    • 1925 – Jerry Paris, American actor and director (d. 1986)
    • 1925 – Dick Passwater, American race car driver
    • 1925 – Jutta Zilliacus, Finnish journalist and politician
    • 1926 – Whitey Lockman, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2009)
    • 1926 – Bernard Thompson, British television producer and director (d. 1998)
    • 1926 – Beatriz Segall, Brazilian actress (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – Daniel Ceccaldi, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
    • 1927 – Midge Decter, American journalist and author
    • 1927 – Sadiq Hussain Qureshi, Pakistani politician, 10th Governor of Punjab (d. 2000)
    • 1927 – Jean-Marie Seroney, Kenyan activist and politician (d. 1982)
    • 1928 – Dolphy, Filipino actor, singer, and producer (d. 2012)
    • 1928 – Mario Montenegro, Filipino actor (d. 1988)
    • 1928 – Nils Taube, Estonian-English businessman (d. 2008)
    • 1929 – Judd Buchanan, Canadian businessman and politician, 36th Canadian Minister of Public Works
    • 1929 – Somnath Chatterjee, Indian lawyer and politician, 14th Speaker of the Lok Sabha (d. 2018)
    • 1929 – Eddie Mazur, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1995)
    • 1930 – Murray Chapple, New Zealand cricketer and manager (d. 1985)
    • 1930 – Maureen Forrester, Canadian actress and singer (d. 2010)
    • 1930 – Alice Parizeau, Polish-Canadian journalist and criminologist (d. 1990)
    • 1930 – Herbert Scarf, American economist and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1930 – Annie Ross, Scottish-American singer and actress
    • 1931 – James Butler, English sculptor and educator
    • 1932 – Paul J. Weitz, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2017)
    • 1934 – Don Ellis, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1978)
    • 1934 – Claude Zidi, French director and screenwriter
    • 1935 – Barbara Harris, American actress and singer (d. 2018)
    • 1935 – Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi Arabian businessman (d. 2017)
    • 1935 – Gilbert Parent, Canadian educator and politician, 33rd Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – John Robinson, American football player and coach
    • 1935 – Larry Sherry, American baseball player and coach (d. 2006)
    • 1935 – Lars Werner, Swedish lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1936 – Gerry Ashmore, English race car driver
    • 1936 – Glenn Murcutt, English-Australian architect and academic
    • 1937 – Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, English archaeologist and academic
    • 1940 – Richard Ballantine, American-English journalist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1941 – Manny Charlton, Spanish-born Scottish rock musician and songwriter
    • 1941 – Nate Thurmond, American basketball player (d. 2016)
    • 1941 – Emmett Till, American lynching victim (d. 1955)
    • 1942 – Bruce Woodley, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Jim McCarty, English singer and drummer
    • 1943 – Erika Steinbach, Polish-German politician
    • 1944 – Sally Beauman, English journalist and author (d. 2016)
    • 1946 – José Areas, Nicaraguan drummer
    • 1946 – Nicole Farhi, French fashion designer and sculptor
    • 1946 – John Gibson, American radio host
    • 1946 – Rita Marley, Cuban-Jamaican singer
    • 1946 – P. Selvarasa, Sri Lankan politician
    • 1946 – Ljupka Dimitrovska, Macedonian-Croatian pop singer (d. 2016)
    • 1948 – Steve Goodman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1984)
    • 1950 – Mark Clarke, English singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1951 – Jack Thompson, American lawyer and activist
    • 1951 – Verdine White, American bass player and producer
    • 1952 – Eduardo Souto de Moura, Portuguese architect, designed the Estádio Municipal de Braga
    • 1953 – Joseph A. Tunzi, Chicago based author, foremost expert on Elvis Presley
    • 1953 – Robert Zoellick, American banker and politician, 14th United States Deputy Secretary of State
    • 1954 – Ken Greer, Canadian guitarist, keyboard player, and producer
    • 1954 – Sheena McDonald, Scottish journalist
    • 1954 – Walter Payton, American football player and race car driver (d. 1999)
    • 1954 – Jochem Ziegert, German footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Iman, Somalian-English model and actress
    • 1955 – Randall Bewley, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1956 – Andy Goldsworthy, English-Scottish sculptor and photographer
    • 1956 – Frances Arnold, American scientist and engineer
    • 1957 – Mark Hunter, English politician
    • 1957 – Steve Podborski, Canadian skier
    • 1958 – Alexei Filippenko, American astrophysicist and academic
    • 1958 – Thurston Moore, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1959 – Fyodor Cherenkov, Russian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
    • 1959 – Geoffrey Zakarian, American chef and author
    • 1960 – Alain Robidoux, Canadian snooker player
    • 1960 – Justice Howard, American photographer
    • 1960 – Māris Martinsons, Latvian film director, producer, screenwriter, and editor
    • 1962 – Carin Bakkum, Dutch tennis player
    • 1962 – Doug Drabek, American baseball player and coach
    • 1963 – Denis Coderre, Canadian politician, 44th Mayor of Montreal
    • 1963 – Julian Hodgson, Welsh chess player
    • 1964 – Anne Applebaum, American journalist and author
    • 1964 – Tony Granato, American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1964 – Breuk Iversen, American designer and journalist
    • 1965 – Marty Brown, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Illeana Douglas, American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Dale Shearer, Australian rugby league player
    • 1966 – Daryl Halligan, New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster
    • 1966 – Maureen Herman, American bass player
    • 1966 – Diana Johnson, English politician
    • 1967 – Matt LeBlanc, American actor and producer
    • 1967 – Ruth Peetoom, Dutch minister and politician
    • 1967 – Tommy Skjerven, Norwegian footballer and referee
    • 1968 – Rudi Bryson, South African cricketer
    • 1968 – Shi Tao, Chinese journalist and poet
    • 1969 – Jon Barry, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1969 – Annastacia Palaszczuk, Australian politician, 39th Premier of Queensland
    • 1971 – Roger Creager, American singer-songwriter
    • 1971 – Tracy Murray, American basketball player
    • 1971 – Billy Wagner, American baseball player and coach
    • 1972 – David Penna, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1973 – Dani Filth, English singer-songwriter
    • 1973 – Kevin Phillips, English footballer
    • 1973 – Igli Tare, Albanian footballer
    • 1974 – Lauren Faust, American animator, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1974 – Julia Laffranque, Estonian lawyer and judge
    • 1974 – Kenzo Suzuki, Japanese rugby player and wrestler
    • 1975 – Jody Craddock, English footballer and coach
    • 1975 – Jean-Claude Darcheville, Guianan-French footballer
    • 1975 – El Zorro, Mexican wrestler
    • 1975 – Brian Gibson, American bass player
    • 1975 – Evgeni Nabokov, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1976 – Marcos Assunção, Brazilian footballer
    • 1976 – Jovica Tasevski-Eternijan, Macedonian poet and critic
    • 1976 – Javier Vázquez, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
    • 1977 – Kenny Thomas, American basketball player
    • 1978 – Gerard Warren, American football player
    • 1978 – Louise Brown, first human to be born via IVF
    • 1979 – Ali Carter, English snooker player
    • 1979 – Tom Lungley, English cricketer and umpire
    • 1980 – Shawn Riggans, American baseball player
    • 1980 – Toni Vilander, Finnish race car driver
    • 1980 – David Wachs, American actor and producer
    • 1980 – Scott Waldrom, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1981 – Conor Casey, American soccer player
    • 1981 – Constantinos Charalambidis, Cypriot footballer
    • 1981 – Yūichi Komano, Japanese footballer
    • 1981 – Mac Lethal, American rapper and producer
    • 1981 – Jani Rita, Finnish ice hockey player
    • 1982 – Brad Renfro, American actor and musician (d. 2008)
    • 1982 – Jason Dundas, Australian TV host
    • 1983 – Nenad Krstić, Serbian basketball player
    • 1984 – Loukas Mavrokefalidis, Greek basketball player
    • 1985 – James Lafferty, American actor and athlete
    • 1985 – Nelson Piquet Jr., Brazilian race car driver
    • 1985 – Hugo Rodallega, Colombian footballer
    • 1986 – Abraham Gneki Guié, Ivorian footballer
    • 1986 – Hulk, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Richard Bachman, American ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Mitchell Burgzorg, Dutch footballer and rapper
    • 1987 – Fernando, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Jax Jones, English DJ, singer and songwriter
    • 1987 – Eran Zahavi, Israeli footballer
    • 1988 – John Goossens, Dutch footballer
    • 1988 – Tom Hiariej, Dutch footballer
    • 1988 – Stacey Kemp, English skater
    • 1988 – Paulinho, Brazilian footballer
    • 1988 – Anthony Stokes, Irish footballer
    • 1989 – Natalia Vieru, Russian basketball player
    • 1990 – Thodoris Karapetsas, Greek footballer
    • 1991 – Toni Duggan, English footballer
    • 1992 – Sergei Simonov, Russian ice hockey player (d. 2016)
    • 1997 – Nat Butcher, Australian rugby league player

    Deaths on July 25

    • 306 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor (b. 250)
    • 885 – Ragenold, margrave of Neustria
    • 1011 – Ichijō, emperor of Japan (b. 980)
    • 1190 – Sibylla, queen of Jerusalem
    • 1409 – Martin I, king of Sicily (b. 1376)
    • 1471 – Thomas à Kempis, German priest and mystic
    • 1472 – Charles of Artois, French nobleman (b. 1394)
    • 1492 – Innocent VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1432)
    • 1564 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1503)
    • 1572 – Isaac Luria, Ottoman rabbi and mystic (b. 1534)
    • 1608 – Pomponio Nenna, Italian composer (b. 1556)
    • 1616 – Andreas Libavius, German physician and chemist (b. 1550)
    • 1643 – Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English general and politician (b. 1584)
    • 1681 – Urian Oakes, English-American minister and educator (b. 1631)
    • 1790 – Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educator and reformer (b. 1723)
    • 1790 – William Livingston, American soldier and politician, 1st Governor of New Jersey (b. 1723)
    • 1791 – Isaac Low, American merchant and politician (b. 1735)
    • 1794 – André Chénier, Greek-French poet and author (b. 1762)
    • 1794 – Jean-Antoine Roucher, French poet and author (b. 1745)
    • 1794 – Friedrich von der Trenck, Prussian adventurer and author (b. 1726)
    • 1826 – Kondraty Ryleyev, Russian poet and publisher (b. 1795)
    • 1831 – Maria Szymanowska, Polish composer and pianist (b. 1789)
    • 1834 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English philosopher, poet, and critic (b. 1772)
    • 1842 – Dominique Jean Larrey, French physician and surgeon (b. 1766)
    • 1843 – Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and engineer (b. 1766)
    • 1861 – Jonas Furrer, Swiss lawyer and politician, President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1805)
    • 1865 – James Barry, English soldier and surgeon (b. 1799)
    • 1887 – John Taylor, American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1808)
    • 1934 – François Coty, French businessman, founded Coty, Inc. (b. 1874)
    • 1934 – Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian politician, 14th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1892)
    • 1942 – Fred Englehardt, American triple jumper (b. 1879)
    • 1952 – Herbert Murrill, English organist and composer (b. 1909)
    • 1958 – Otto Lasanen, Finnish wrestler (b. 1891)
    • 1959 – Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, Polish-born Irish rabbi and author (b. 1888)
    • 1962 – Thibaudeau Rinfret, Canadian lawyer and jurist, 9th Chief Justice of Canada (b. 1879)
    • 1963 – Ugo Cerletti, Italian neurologist and academic (b. 1877)
    • 1966 – Frank O’Hara, American poet and critic (b. 1926)
    • 1967 – Konstantinos Parthenis, Egyptian-Greek painter (b. 1878)
    • 1971 – John Meyers, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1880)
    • 1971 – Leroy Robertson, American composer and educator (b. 1896)
    • 1973 – Amy Jacques Garvey, Jamaican-American journalist and activist (b. 1895)
    • 1973 – Louis St. Laurent, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1882)
    • 1980 – Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1938)
    • 1981 – Rosa A. González, Puerto Rican nurse, author, feminist, and activist (b. 1889)
    • 1982 – Hal Foster, Canadian-American author and illustrator (b. 1892)
    • 1984 – Bryan Hextall, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1913)
    • 1984 – Big Mama Thornton, American singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
    • 1986 – Vincente Minnelli, American director and screenwriter (b. 1903)
    • 1988 – Judith Barsi, American child actress (b. 1978)
    • 1989 – Steve Rubell, American businessman, co-owner of Studio 54 (b. 1943)
    • 1991 – Lazar Kaganovich, Soviet politician (b. 1893)
    • 1992 – Alfred Drake, American actor and singer (b. 1914)
    • 1995 – Charlie Rich, American singer-songwriter (b. 1932)
    • 1997 – Ben Hogan, American golfer (b. 1912)
    • 1998 – Evangelos Papastratos, Greek businessman, co-founded Papastratos (b. 1910)
    • 2000 – Rudi Faßnacht, German footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1934)
    • 2002 – Abdel Rahman Badawi, Egyptian philosopher and poet (b. 1917)
    • 2003 – Ludwig Bölkow, German engineer (b. 1912)
    • 2003 – John Schlesinger, English actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
    • 2004 – John Passmore, Australian philosopher and academic (b. 1914)
    • 2005 – Albert Mangelsdorff, German trombonist (b. 1928)
    • 2006 – Ezra Fleischer, Romanian-Israeli poet and philologist (b. 1928)
    • 2007 – Bernd Jakubowski, German footballer and manager (b. 1952)
    • 2008 – Jeff Fehring, Australian footballer (b. 1955)
    • 2008 – Tracy Hall, American chemist and academic (b. 1919)
    • 2008 – Randy Pausch, American computer scientist and educator (b. 1960)
    • 2009 – Vernon Forrest, American boxer (b. 1971)
    • 2009 – Stanley Middleton, English author (b. 1919)
    • 2009 – Harry Patch, English soldier (b. 1898)
    • 2011 – Michael Cacoyannis, Cypriot-Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – B. R. Ishara, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1934)
    • 2012 – Barry Langford, English director and producer (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – Greg Mohns, American-Canadian football player and coach (b. 1950)
    • 2012 – Franz West, Austrian painter and sculptor (b. 1947)
    • 2013 – Walter De Maria, American sculptor, illustrator, and composer (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – William J. Guste, American lawyer and politician (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Hugh Huxley, English-American biologist and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Bel Kaufman, German-American author and academic (b. 1911)
    • 2014 – Richard Larter, Australian painter and illustrator (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Jacques Andreani, French diplomat, French ambassador to the United States (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – R. S. Gavai, Indian lawyer and politician, 18th Governor of Kerala (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Bob Kauffman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1946)
    • 2017 – Michael Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1944)
    • 2018 – Sergio Marchionne, Italian-Canadian businessman(b. 1952)
    • 2019 – Beji Caid Essebsi , 4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Tunisia (b. 1926)

    Holidays and observances on July 25

    • Christian feast day:
      • Anne (Eastern Christianity)
      • Christopher (Western Christianity)
      • Cucuphas
      • Glodesind
      • James the Great (Western Christianity)
      • John I Agnus
      • Julian of Le Mans (translation)
      • Magnerich of Trier
      • July 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which Father’s Day can fall, while July 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Sunday in July. (Dominican Republic)
    • Earliest day on which National Tree Planting Day can fall, while July 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Sunday in July. (Australia)
    • Earliest day on which Navy Day can fall, while July 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Sunday in July. (Russia)
    • Guanacaste Day (Costa Rica)
    • National Baha’i Day (Jamaica)
    • National Day of Galicia (Galicia)
    • Puerto Rico Constitution Day (Puerto Rico)
    • Republic Day (Tunisia)

  • July 13 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 587 BC – Babylon’s siege of Jerusalem ends following the destruction of Solomon’s Temple.
    • 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
    • 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
    • 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    • 1558 – Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
    • 1573 – Eighty Years’ War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
    • 1643 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
    • 1787 – The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
    • 1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
    • 1794 – The Battle of Trippstadt is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
    • 1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
    • 1830 – The General Assembly’s Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
    • 1831 – Regulamentul Organic, a quasi-constitutional organic law is adopted in Wallachia, one of the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of Romania.
    • 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
    • 1863 – New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
    • 1878 – Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
    • 1941 – World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak).
    • 1956 – The Dartmouth workshop is the first conference on artificial intelligence.
    • 1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
    • 1973 – Watergate scandal: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of a secret Oval Office taping system to investigators for the Senate Watergate Committee.
    • 1977 – Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ogaden War.
    • 1977 – New York City: Amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
    • 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Moscow and Sydney.
    • 1985 – Vice President George H. W. Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
    • 2003 – French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Íngrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
    • 2008 – Battle of Wanat begins when Taliban and al-Qaeda guerrillas attack US Army and Afghan National Army troops in Afghanistan. The U.S. deaths were, at that time, the most in a single battle since the beginning of operations in 2001.
    • 2011 – Mumbai is rocked by three bomb blasts during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.
    • 2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1999 is adopted, which admits South Sudan to member status of the United Nations.
    • 2013 – Typhoon Soulik kills at least nine people and affects more than 160 million in East China and Taiwan.
    • 2016 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron resigns, and is succeeded by Theresa May.

    Births on July 13

    • 100 BC – Julius Caesar, Roman general and statesman (d. 44 BC)
    • 1426 – Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (d. 1492)
    • 1478 – Giulio d’Este, illegitimate son of Italian noble (d. 1561)
    • 1470 – Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de’ Medici, Catholic cardinal (d. 1528)
    • 1527 – John Dee, English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (d. 1609)
    • 1579 – Arthur Dee, English physician and chemist (d. 1651)
    • 1590 – Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
    • 1606 – Roland Fréart de Chambray (d. 1676)
    • 1607 – Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English painter and illustrator (d. 1677)
    • 1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
    • 1745 – Robert Calder, Scottish-English admiral (d. 1818)
    • 1756 – Thomas Rowlandson, English artist and caricaturist (d. 1827)
    • 1760 – István Pauli, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1829)
    • 1770 – Alexander Balashov, Russian general and politician, Russian Minister of Police (d. 1837)
    • 1793 – John Clare, English poet and author (d. 1864)
    • 1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American general and first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 1877)
    • 1831 – Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (d. 1889)
    • 1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (d. 1918)
    • 1858 – Stewart Culin, American ethnographer and author (d. 1929)
    • 1859 – Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, English economist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1947)
    • 1863 – Margaret Murray, British archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist (d. 1963)
    • 1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel and businessman (d. 1912)
    • 1877 – Robert Henry Mathews, Australian linguist and missionary (d. 1970)
    • 1884 – Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler and coach (d. 1951)
    • 1889 – Emma Asson, Estonian educator and politician (d. 1965)
    • 1889 – Stan Coveleski, American baseball player (d. 1984)
    • 1892 – Léo-Pol Morin, Canadian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1941)
    • 1892 – Jonni Myyrä, Finnish-American discus and javelin thrower (d. 1955)
    • 1894 – Isaac Babel, Russian short story writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1940)
    • 1895 – Sidney Blackmer, American actor (d. 1973)
    • 1896 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter and educator (d. 1992)
    • 1898 – Julius Schreck, German commander (d. 1936)
    • 1898 – Ivan Triesault, Estonian-born American actor (d. 1980)
    • 1900 – George Lewis, American clarinet player and songwriter (d. 1969)
    • 1901 – Eric Portman, English actor (d. 1969)
    • 1903 – Kenneth Clark, English historian and author (d. 1983)
    • 1905 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (d. 1990)
    • 1905 – Eugenio Pagnini, Italian modern pentathlete (d. 1993)
    • 1905 – Magda Foy, American child actress (d. 2000)
    • 1907 – George Weller, American author, playwright, and journalist (d. 2002)
    • 1908 – Dorothy Round, English tennis player (d. 1982)
    • 1908 – Tim Spencer, American country & western singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1974)
    • 1910 – Lien Gisolf, Dutch high jumper (d. 1993)
    • 1910 – Loren Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2008)
    • 1911 – Bob Steele (broadcaster), American radio personality (d. 2002)
    • 1913 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and television personality (d. 1982)
    • 1913 – Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish businessman (d. 2012)
    • 1913 – Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (d. 2008)
    • 1915 – Kaoru Ishikawa, Japanese author and educator (d. 1989)
    • 1918 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
    • 1918 – Ronald Bladen, American painter and sculptor (d. 1988)
    • 1918 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator (d. 2015)
    • 1919 – Hau Pei-tsun, 13th Premier of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
    • 1919 – William F. Quinn, American lawyer (d. 2006)
    • 1921 – Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer and conductor (d. 1999)
    • 1922 – Leslie Brooks, American actress (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Anker Jørgensen, Danish trade union leader and politician, 16th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2016)
    • 1922 – Helmy Afify Abd El-Bar, Egyptian military commander (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
    • 1923 – Ashley Bryan, American children’s book author and illustrator
    • 1924 – Johnny Gilbert, American game show host and announcer
    • 1925 – Suzanne Zimmerman, American competition swimmer and Olympic medalist
    • 1925 – Huang Zongying, Chinese actress and writer
    • 1926 – Robert H. Justman, American director, producer, and production manager (d. 2008)
    • 1926 – T. Loren Christianson, American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1926 – Thomas Clark, American politician (d. 2020)
    • 1927 – Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician, President of the European Parliament (d. 2017)
    • 1927 – Ian Reed, Australian discus thrower
    • 1928 – Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
    • 1928 – Sven Davidson, Swedish-American tennis player (d. 2008)
    • 1928 – Al Rex, American musician (d. 2020)
    • 1929 – Sofia Muratova, Russian gymnast (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – Svein Ellingsen, Norwegian visual artist and hymnist (d. 2020)
    • 1930 – Sam Greenlee, American author and poet (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1931 – Frank Ramsey, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Hubert Reeves, Canadian-French astrophysicist and author
    • 1933 – David Storey, English author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2017)
    • 1933 – Piero Manzoni, Italian artist (d. 1963)
    • 1934 – Peter Gzowski, Canadian journalist and academic (d. 2002)
    • 1934 – Gordon Lee, English footballer and manager
    • 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian engineer and astronaut
    • 1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician, 9th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – Earl Lovelace, Trinidadian journalist, author, and playwright
    • 1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
    • 1936 – Albert Ayler, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1970)
    • 1937 – Ghillean Prance, English botanist and ecologist
    • 1939 – Lambert Jackson Woodburne, South African admiral (d. 2013)
    • 1940 – Tom Lichtenberg, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1940 – Paul Prudhomme, American chef and author (d. 2015)
    • 1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor, director, and producer
    • 1941 – Grahame Corling, Australian cricketer
    • 1941 – Robert Forster, American actor and producer (d. 2019)
    • 1941 – Ehud Manor, Israeli songwriter and translator (d. 2005)
    • 1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor, director, and producer
    • 1942 – Harrison Ford, American actor and producer
    • 1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Chris Serle, English journalist and actor
    • 1944 – Eric Freeman, Australian cricketer
    • 1944 – Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (d. 1991)
    • 1944 – Erno Rubik, Hungarian game designer, architect, and educator, invented the Rubik’s Cube
    • 1945 – Ashley Mallett, Australian cricketer and author
    • 1946 – Bob Kauffman, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
    • 1948 – Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
    • 1949 – Bryan Murray, Irish actor
    • 1950 – George Nelson, American astronomer and astronaut
    • 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, Hong Kong-Taiwanese commander and politician, 12th President of the Republic of China
    • 1950 – Jurelang Zedkaia, Marshallese politician, 5th President of the Marshall Islands (d. 2015)
    • 1951 – Rob Bishop, American educator and politician
    • 1951 – Didi Conn, American actress and singer
    • 1953 – David Thompson, American basketball player
    • 1954 – Ray Bright, Australian cricketer
    • 1954 – Louise Mandrell, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1956 – Mark Mendoza, American bass player and songwriter
    • 1956 – Michael Spinks, American boxer
    • 1957 – Thierry Boutsen, Belgian race car driver and businessman
    • 1957 – Cameron Crowe, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1959 – Richard Leman, English field hockey player
    • 1959 – Fuziah Salleh, Malaysian politician
    • 1960 – Robert Abraham, American football player
    • 1960 – Ian Hislop, Welsh-English journalist and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Curtis Rouse, American football player (d. 2013)
    • 1961 – Tahira Asif, Pakistani politician (d. 2014)
    • 1961 – Anders Jarryd, Swedish tennis player
    • 1961 – Khalid Mahmood, Pakistani-English engineer and politician
    • 1961 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1961 – Tim Watson, Australian footballer, coach, and journalist
    • 1962 – Tom Kenny, American voice actor and screenwriter
    • 1962 – Rhonda Vincent, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player
    • 1963 – Neal Foulds, English snooker player and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Kenny Johnson, American actor, producer, and model
    • 1964 – Charlie Hides, American drag queen and comedian
    • 1964 – Paul Thorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Eileen Ivers, American fiddler
    • 1965 – Colin van der Voort, Australian rugby league player
    • 1966 – Gerald Levert, American R&B singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2006)
    • 1966 – Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan-English conductor and educator
    • 1967 – Richard Marles, Australian lawyer and politician, 50th Australian Minister for Trade and Investment
    • 1967 – Mark McGowan, Australian politician, 30th Premier of Western Australia
    • 1969 – Brad Godden, Australian rugby league player
    • 1969 – Ken Jeong, American actor, comedian, and physician
    • 1969 – Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan political scientist and politician
    • 1970 – Andrei Tivontchik, German pole vaulter and trainer
    • 1971 – Mark Neeld, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1972 – Sean Waltman, American professional wrestler
    • 1974 – Deborah Cox, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
    • 1975 – Diego Spotorno, Ecuadorian actor
    • 1975 – Mariada Pieridi, Cypriot singer-songwriter
    • 1976 – Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Chris Horn, American football player
    • 1978 – Ryan Ludwick, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Prodromos Nikolaidis, Greek basketball player
    • 1979 – Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
    • 1979 – Daniel Díaz, Argentinian footballer
    • 1979 – Libuše Průšová, Czech tennis player
    • 1979 – Lucinda Ruh, Swiss figure skater and coach
    • 1981 – Ágnes Kovács, Hungarian swimmer
    • 1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian cyclist
    • 1982 – Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
    • 1982 – Simon Clist, English footballer
    • 1982 – Dominic Isaacs, South African footballer
    • 1982 – Nick Kenny, Australian rugby league player
    • 1982 – Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
    • 1983 – Kristof Beyens, Belgian sprinter
    • 1983 – Marco Pomante, Italian footballer
    • 1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdler
    • 1984 – Ida Maria, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1985 – Trell Kimmons, American sprinter
    • 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
    • 1985 – Charlotte Dujardin, English equestrian
    • 1988 – Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes, Brazilian-Italian footballer
    • 1988 – Colton Haynes, American actor, model and singer
    • 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor and model
    • 1988 – Raúl Spank, German high jumper
    • 1988 – Tulisa, English singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1989 – Leon Bridges, American soul singer, songwriter and record producer
    • 1989 – Charis Giannopoulos, Greek basketball player
    • 1990 – Kieran Foran, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentinian footballer
    • 1992 – Elise Matthysen, Belgian swimmer
    • 1993 – Daniel Bentley, English footballer
    • 1995 – Cody Bellinger, American baseball player
    • 1995 – Dante Exum, Australian basketball player
    • 2002 – Deborah Medrado, Brazilian rhythmic gymnast
    • 2003 – Wyatt Oleff, American child actor
    • 2005 – Kyle Harrison Breitkopf, Canadian child actor

    Deaths on July 13

    • 574 – John III, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 716 – Rui Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 662)
    • 815 – Wu Yuanheng, Chinese poet and politician (b. 758)
    • 884 – Huang Chao, Chinese rebel leader (b. 835)
    • 939 – Leo VII, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 982 – Gunther, margrave of Merseburg
    • 982 – Henry I, bishop of Augsburg
    • 982 – Pandulf II, Lombard prince
    • 982 – Landulf IV, Lombard prince
    • 982 – Abu’l-Qasim, Kalbid emir of Sicily
    • 1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
    • 1105 – Rashi, French rabbi and commentator (b. 1040)
    • 1205 – Hubert Walter, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of The United Kingdom (b. 1160)
    • 1357 – Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian academic and jurist (b. 1313)
    • 1380 – Bertrand du Guesclin, French nobleman and knight (b. 1320)
    • 1399 – Peter Parler, German architect, designed St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge (b. 1330)
    • 1399 – Jadwiga, queen of Poland (b. 1399)
    • 1402 – Jianwen, Chinese emperor (b. 1377)
    • 1491 – Afonso, Portuguese prince (b. 1475)
    • 1551 – John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
    • 1617 – Adam Wenceslaus, duke of Cieszyn (b. 1574)
    • 1621 – Albert VII, archduke of Austria (b. 1559)
    • 1626 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1563)
    • 1628 – Robert Shirley, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1581)
    • 1629 – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
    • 1683 – Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1631)
    • 1755 – Edward Braddock, Scottish general (b. 1695)
    • 1762 – James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (b. 1693)
    • 1789 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist and academic (b. 1715)
    • 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French physician and theorist (b. 1743)
    • 1807 – Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian cardinal (b. 1725)
    • 1881 – John C. Pemberton, American general (b. 1814)
    • 1889 – Robert Hamerling, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1830)
    • 1890 – John C. Frémont, American general and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (b. 1813)
    • 1890 – Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (b. 1819)
    • 1893 – Young Man Afraid of His Horses, American tribal chief (b. 1836)
    • 1896 – August Kekulé, German chemist and academic (b. 1829)
    • 1907 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter and jurist (b. 1866)
    • 1911 – Allan McLean, Scottish-Australian politician, 19th Premier of Victoria (b. 1840)
    • 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
    • 1922 – Martin Dies, Sr., American journalist and politician (b. 1870)
    • 1927 – Mimar Kemaleddin Bey, Turkish architect and academic, designed the Tayyare Apartments (b. 1870)
    • 1934 – Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and academic (b. 1849)
    • 1936 – Kojo Tovalou Houénou, Beninese lawyer and politician (b. 1887)
    • 1941 – Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (b. 1913)
    • 1945 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1879)
    • 1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (b. 1864)
    • 1949 – Walt Kuhn, American painter and academic (b. 1877)
    • 1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-American composer and painter (b. 1874)
    • 1954 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter and educator (b. 1907)
    • 1960 – Joy Davidman, American-English poet and author (b. 1915)
    • 1965 – Photis Kontoglou, Greek painter and illustrator (b. 1895)
    • 1967 – Tom Simpson, English cyclist (b. 1937)
    • 1970 – Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (b. 1896)
    • 1970 – Sheng Shicai, Chinese warlord (b. 1895)
    • 1973 – Willy Fritsch, German actor and screenwriter (b. 1901)
    • 1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
    • 1976 – Frederick Hawksworth, English engineer (b. 1884)
    • 1976 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (b. 1915)
    • 1979 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
    • 1980 – Seretse Khama, Botswana lawyer and politician, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
    • 1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian engineer and author (b. 1909)
    • 1993 – Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
    • 1995 – Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (b. 1920)
    • 1996 – Pandro S. Berman, American director, producer, and production manager (b. 1905)
    • 1997 – Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
    • 1999 – Konstantinos Kollias, Greek general and politician, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1901)
    • 2000 – Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (b. 1914)
    • 2003 – Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1907)
    • 2005 – Robert E. Ogren, American zoologist (b. 1922)
    • 2006 – Red Buttons, American actor (b. 1919)
    • 2007 – Michael Reardon, American mountaineer (b. 1965)
    • 2008 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
    • 2010 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Allan Jeans, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Warren Jabali, American basketball player (b. 1946)
    • 2012 – Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (b. 1940)
    • 2012 – Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (b. 1934)
    • 2013 – Leonard Garment, American lawyer and public servant, 14th White House Counsel (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Henri Julien, French race car driver (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and singer (b. 1982)
    • 2013 – Ottavio Quattrocchi, Italian businessman (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Marc Simont, French-American author and illustrator (b. 1915)
    • 2014 – Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Alfred de Grazia, American political scientist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
    • 2014 – Nadine Gordimer, South African novelist, short story writer, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Jeff Leiding, American football player (b. 1961)
    • 2014 – Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1930)
    • 2015 – Philipp Mißfelder, German historian and politician (b. 1979)
    • 2015 – Martin Litchfield West, English scholar, author, and academic (b. 1927)
    • 2017 – Liu Xiaobo, Chinese literary critic, human rights activist (b. 1955)

    Holidays and observances on July 13

    • Christian feast day:
      • Abd-al-Masih
      • Abel of Tacla Haimonot (Coptic Church)
      • Clelia Barbieri
      • Conrad Weiser (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • Eugenius of Carthage
      • Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
      • Mildrith of Thanet
      • Rosa Mystica
      • Silas (Catholic Church)
      • Teresa of the Andes
      • July 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Feast of Kalimát, first day of the seventh month of the Bahá’í calendar. (Bahá’í Faith)
    • Statehood Day (Montenegro)
    • The last day of Naadam (Mongolia)
    • Kashmir Martyrs’ Day (Pakistan)

  • June 30 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
    • 763 – The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.
    • 1422 – Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.
    • 1521 – Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
    • 1559 – King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel, comte de Montgomery.
    • 1651 – The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising: The Battle of Berestechko ends with a Polish victory.
    • 1688 – The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
    • 1758 – Seven Years’ War: Habsburg Austrian forces destroy a Prussian reinforcement and supply convoy in the Battle of Domstadtl, helping to expel Prussian King Frederick the Great from Moravia.
    • 1794 – Northwest Indian War: Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
    • 1805 – Under An act to divide the Indiana Territory into two separate governments, adopted by the U.S. Congress on January 11, 1805, the Michigan Territory is organized.
    • 1859 – French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
    • 1860 – The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
    • 1864 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for “public use, resort and recreation”.
    • 1882 – Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield.
    • 1886 – The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal, Quebec. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
    • 1892 – The Homestead Strike begins near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
    • 1905 – Albert Einstein sends the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, in which he introduces special relativity, for publication in Annalen der Physik.
    • 1906 – The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
    • 1908 – The Tunguska Event, the largest impact event on Earth in human recorded history, resulting in a massive explosion over Eastern Siberia.
    • 1912 – The Regina Cyclone, Canada’s deadliest tornado event, kills 28 people in Regina, Saskatchewan.
    • 1916 – World War I: In “the day Sussex died”, elements of the Royal Sussex Regiment take heavy casualties in the Battle of the Boar’s Head at Richebourg-l’Avoué in France.
    • 1921 – U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft as Chief Justice of the United States.
    • 1922 – In Washington D.C., U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes and Dominican Ambassador Francisco J. Peynado sign the Hughes–Peynado agreement, which ends the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic.
    • 1934 – The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler’s violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
    • 1936 – Emperor Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid to the League of Nations against Italy’s invasion of his country.
    • 1937 – The world’s first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.
    • 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
    • 1953 – The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
    • 1956 – A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona and crash, killing all 128 on board both airliners.
    • 1959 – A United States Air Force F-100 Super Sabre from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, crashes into a nearby elementary school, killing 11 students plus six residents from the local neighborhood.
    • 1960 – Belgian Congo gains independence as Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).
    • 1963 – Ciaculli bombing: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police officers and military personnel near Palermo.
    • 1966 – The National Organization for Women, the United States’ largest feminist organization, is founded.
    • 1968 – Pope Paul VI issues the Credo of the People of God.
    • 1971 – The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.
    • 1972 – The first leap second is added to the UTC time system.
    • 1974 – The Baltimore municipal strike of 1974 begins.
    • 1977 – The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization disbands.
    • 1985 – Thirty-nine American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
    • 1986 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Bowers v. Hardwick that states can outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.
    • 1990 – East Germany and West Germany merge their economies.
    • 1994 – During a test flight of an Airbus A330-300 at Toulouse–Blagnac Airport, the aircraft crashes killing all seven people on board.
    • 1997 – The United Kingdom transfers sovereignty over Hong Kong to China.
    • 2005 – MTV Canada is rebranded as Razer
    • 2007 – A Jeep Cherokee filled with propane canisters drives into the entrance of Glasgow Airport, Scotland in a failed terrorist attack. This was linked to the 2007 London car bombs that had taken place the day before.
    • 2009 – Yemenia Flight 626, an Airbus A310-300, crashes into the Indian Ocean near Comoros, killing 152 of the 153 people on board. A 14-year-old girl named Bahia Bakari survives the crash.
    • 2013 – Nineteen firefighters die controlling a wildfire in Yarnell, Arizona.
    • 2013 – Protests begin around Egypt against President Mohamed Morsi and the ruling Freedom and Justice Party, leading to their overthrow during the 2013 Egyptian coup d’état.
    • 2015 – A Hercules C-130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in a residential area in Medan, Indonesia, resulting in at least 116 deaths.
    • 2019 – Donald Trump becomes the first sitting US President to visit the Democratic Republic of Korea.

    Births on June 30

    • 1286 – John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey, English magnate (d. 1347)
    • 1468 – John, Elector of Saxony (d. 1532)
    • 1470 – Charles VIII of France (d. 1498)
    • 1478 – John, Prince of Asturias, Son of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile (d. 1497)
    • 1503 – John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554)
    • 1533 – Martín de Rada, Spanish missionary (d. 1578)
    • 1588 – Giovanni Maria Sabino, Italian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1649)
    • 1641 – Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, German-English general (d. 1719)
    • 1685 – John Gay, English poet and playwright (d. 1732)
    • 1688 – Abu l-Hasan Ali I, ruler of Tunisia (d. 1756)
    • 1722 – Jiří Antonín Benda, Czech composer, violinist and Kapellmeister (d. 1795)
    • 1755 – Paul Barras, French soldier and politician (d. 1829)
    • 1789 – Horace Vernet, French painter and academic (d. 1863)
    • 1791 – Félix Savart, French physicist and psychologist (d. 1841)
    • 1803 – Thomas Lovell Beddoes, English poet, playwright, and physician (d. 1849)
    • 1807 – Friedrich Theodor Vischer, German author, poet, and playwright (d.1887)
    • 1817 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist and explorer (d. 1911)
    • 1843 – Ernest Mason Satow, English orientalist and diplomat (d. 1929)
    • 1864 – Frederick Bligh Bond, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1945)
    • 1884 – Georges Duhamel, French author and critic (d. 1966)
    • 1889 – Archibald Frazer-Nash, English motor car designer, engineer and founder of Frazer Nash (d. 1965)
    • 1890 – Paul Boffa, Maltese physician and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1962)
    • 1891 – Man Mountain Dean, American wrestler and sergeant (d. 1953)
    • 1891 – Ed Lewis, American wrestler and manager (d. 1966)
    • 1891 – Stanley Spencer, English painter (d. 1959)
    • 1892 – Pierre Blanchar, Algerian-French actor and director (d. 1963)
    • 1893 – Walter Ulbricht, German soldier and politician (d. 1973)
    • 1895 – Heinz Warneke, German-American sculptor and educator (d. 1983)
    • 1899 – Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990)
    • 1905 – John Van Ryn, American tennis player (d. 1999)
    • 1906 – Anthony Mann, American actor and director (d. 1967)
    • 1907 – Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian general and politician (d. 1950)
    • 1908 – Winston Graham, English author (d. 2003)
    • 1908 – Luigi Rovere, Italian film producer (d. 1996)
    • 1908 – Rob Nieuwenhuys, Dutch writer (d. 1999)
    • 1909 – Juan Bosch, 43rd President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2001)
    • 1911 – Czesław Miłosz, Polish novelist, essayist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
    • 1911 – Nagarjun, Indian poet (d. 1998)
    • 1912 – Ludwig Bölkow, German engineer (d. 2003)
    • 1912 – Dan Reeves, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1971)
    • 1912 – María Luisa Dehesa Gómez Farías, Mexican architect (d. 2009)
    • 1913 – Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian lawyer and politician, 24th President of Colombia (d. 2007)
    • 1913 – Harry Wismer, American sportscaster (d. 1967)
    • 1914 – Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese general and politician, 15th President of Portugal (d. 2001)
    • 1914 – Allan Houser, American sculptor and painter (d. 1994)
    • 1917 – Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)
    • 1917 – Lena Horne, American actress, singer, and activist (d. 2010)
    • 1917 – Willa Kim, American costume designer (d. 2016)
    • 1919 – Ed Yost, American inventor of the modern hot air balloon (d. 2007)
    • 1920 – Eleanor Ross Taylor, American poet and educator (d. 2011)
    • 1921 – Washington SyCip, American-Filipino accountant (d. 2017)
    • 1922 – Al Besselink, American professional golfer
    • 1923 – Andy Jack, English footballer
    • 1924 – Max Trepp, Swiss sprinter
    • 1925 – Fred Schaus, American basketball player and coach (d. 2010)
    • 1925 – Ebrahim Amini, Iranian politician (d. 2020)
    • 1926 – Paul Berg, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1926 – David Berglas, American magician and mentalist
    • 1927 – Shirley Fry Irvin, American tennis player
    • 1927 – James Goldman, American screenwriter and playwright (d. 1998)
    • 1927 – Mario Lanfranchi, Italian director, screenwriter, producer, collector and actor
    • 1927 – Frank McCabe, American basketball player
    • 1928 – Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli, Islamic philosopher, theologian, mathematician and mystic
    • 1928 – Nathaniel Tarn, American poet, essayist, anthropologist, and translator
    • 1929 – Yang Ti-liang, Chinese judge
    • 1930 – Ben Atchley, American politician (d. 2018)
    • 1930 – Ahmed Zaki Yamani, Saudi Arabian politician
    • 1930 – Ignatius Peter VIII Abdalahad, Syrian bishop (d. 2018)
    • 1931 – Yo-Yo Davalillo, Venezuelan baseball player and manager (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Andrew Hill, American pianist and composer (d. 2007)
    • 1931 – Ronald Rene Lagueux, American judge
    • 1931 – Kaye Vaughan, American football player
    • 1933 – Tomislav Ivić, Croatian football coach and manager (d. 2011)
    • 1933 – M. J. K. Smith, English cricketer and rugby player
    • 1933 – Orval Tessier, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1933 – Joan Murrell Owens, American educator and marine biologist (d. 2011)
    • 1934 – Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician and author (d. 1997)
    • 1935 – John Harlin, American pilot and mountaineer (d. 1966)
    • 1936 – Assia Djebar, Algerian-French author and translator (d. 2015)
    • 1936 – Nancy Dussault, American actress and singer
    • 1936 – Tony Musante, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1936 – Dave Van Ronk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
    • 1937 – Larry Henley, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1938 – Billy Mills, American sprinter
    • 1939 – Tony Hatch, English pianist, composer, and producer
    • 1939 – Barry Hines, English author and screenwriter (d. 2016)
    • 1939 – José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican poet and author (d. 2014)
    • 1940 – Mark Spoelstra, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007)
    • 1941 – Peter Pollock, South African cricketer and author
    • 1942 – Robert Ballard, American lieutenant and oceanographer
    • 1942 – Ron Harris, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1943 – Florence Ballard, American pop/soul singer (d. 1976)
    • 1943 – Saeed Akhtar Mirza, Indian director and screenwriter
    • 1944 – Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist and author
    • 1944 – Glenn Shorrock, English-Australian singer-songwriter
    • 1944 – Ron Swoboda, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1949 – Uwe Kliemann, German footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1949 – Andy Scott, Welsh singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1951 – Stanley Clarke, American bass player and composer
    • 1952 – Athanassios S. Fokas, Greek mathematician and academic
    • 1952 – David Garrison, American actor and singer
    • 1953 – Hal Lindes, American-English guitarist and film score composer
    • 1954 – Stephen Barlow, English organist, composer, and conductor
    • 1954 – Pierre Charles, Dominican educator and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004)
    • 1954 – Serzh Sargsyan, Armenian politician, 3rd President of Armenia
    • 1954 – Wayne Swan, Australian academic and politician, 14th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
    • 1955 – Brian Vollmer, Canadian singer
    • 1955 – Egils Levits, Latvian judge, jurist, 10th President of Latvia
    • 1956 – Volker Beck, German hurdler and coach
    • 1956 – David Lidington, English historian, academic, and politician, Minister of State for Europe
    • 1956 – David Alan Grier, American actor, singer, and comedian
    • 1957 – Bud Black, American baseball player and manager
    • 1957 – Sterling Marlin, American race car driver
    • 1958 – Pam Royle, British television presenter, journalist and voice coach
    • 1958 – Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer
    • 1959 – Vincent D’Onofrio, American actor
    • 1959 – Daniel Goldhagen, American political scientist, author, and academic
    • 1959 – Brendan Perry, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1959 – Sakis Tsiolis, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1959 – Sandip Verma, Baroness Verma, Indian-English businesswoman and politician
    • 1960 – Jack McConnell, Scottish educator and politician, 3rd First Minister of Scotland
    • 1960 – Murray Cook, Australian musician, actor, songwriter and producer
    • 1961 – Lynne Jolitz, American computer scientist and programmer
    • 1961 – Clive Nolan, English musician, composer and producer
    • 1962 – Tony Fernández, Dominican baseball player
    • 1962 – Julianne Regan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1963 – Olha Bryzhina, Ukrainian sprinter
    • 1963 – Rupert Graves, English actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1963 – Yngwie Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
    • 1964 – Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg
    • 1964 – Mark Waters, American director and producer
    • 1965 – Steve Duchesne, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1965 – Cho Jae-hyun, South Korean actor
    • 1965 – Anna Levandi, Russian figure skater and coach
    • 1965 – Gary Pallister, English footballer and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Mitch Richmond, American basketball player
    • 1966 – Mike Tyson, American boxer and actor
    • 1967 – Patrik Bodén, Swedish javelin thrower
    • 1967 – David Busst, English footballer and manager
    • 1967 – Victoria Kaspi, American-Canadian astrophysicist and academic
    • 1968 – Phil Anselmo, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1969 – Sanath Jayasuriya, Sri Lankan cricketer and politician
    • 1969 – Uta Rohländer, German sprinter
    • 1969 – Sébastien Rose, Canadian director and screenwriter
    • 1970 – Brian Bloom, American actor and screenwriter
    • 1970 – Antonio Chimenti, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1970 – Mark Grudzielanek, American baseball player and manager
    • 1971 – Monica Potter, American actress
    • 1972 – Sandra Cam, Belgian swimmer
    • 1973 – Chan Ho Park, South Korean baseball player
    • 1973 – Frank Rost, German footballer and manager
    • 1974 – Hezekiél Sepeng, South African runner
    • 1975 – James Bannatyne, New Zealand footballer
    • 1975 – Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver
    • 1978 – Ben Cousins, Australian footballer
    • 1978 – Patrick Ivuti, Kenyan runner
    • 1978 – Claudio Rivalta, Italian footballer
    • 1979 – Sylvain Chavanel, French cyclist
    • 1980 – Rade Prica, Swedish footballer
    • 1980 – Seyi Olofinjana, Nigerian footballer
    • 1980 – Ryan ten Doeschate, Dutch cricketer
    • 1981 – Can Artam, Turkish race car driver
    • 1981 – Matt Kirk, Canadian football player
    • 1981 – Barbora Špotáková, Czech javelin thrower
    • 1981 – Ben Utecht, American football player
    • 1982 – Lizzy Caplan, American actress
    • 1982 – Ignacio Carrasco, Mexican footballer
    • 1983 – Marcus Burghardt, German cyclist
    • 1983 – Katherine Ryan, UK-based Canadian comedian and presenter
    • 1983 – Cheryl, English singer and TV personality
    • 1984 – Fantasia Barrino, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1984 – Tunku Ismail Idris, Crown Prince of Johor, Malaysia
    • 1985 – Trevor Ariza, American basketball player
    • 1985 – Michael Phelps, American swimmer
    • 1985 – Fabiana Vallejos, Argentinian footballer
    • 1986 – Alicia Fox, American wrestler, model, and actress
    • 1986 – Fredy Guarín, Colombian footballer
    • 1986 – Nicola Pozzi, Italian footballer
    • 1986 – Allegra Versace, Italian-American businesswoman
    • 1987 – Ryan Cook, American baseball player
    • 1987 – Andrew Hedgman, New Zealand runner
    • 1988 – Elisa Jordana, American singer-songwriter, radio and TV personality
    • 1989 – Asbel Kiprop, Kenyan runner
    • 1989 – Steffen Liebig, German rugby player
    • 1989 – David Myers, Australian footballer
    • 1990 – N, South Korean singer
    • 1998 – Tom Davies, English footballer

    Deaths on June 30

    • 350 – Nepotianus, Roman ruler
    • 710 – Erentrude, Frankish abbess
    • 888 – Æthelred, archbishop of Canterbury
    • 945 – Ki no Tsurayuki, Japanese writer and poet (b. 872)
    • 1181 – Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester, Welsh politician (b. 1147)
    • 1224 – Adolf of Osnabrück, German monk and bishop (b. 1185)
    • 1278 – Pierre de la Broce, French courtier
    • 1337 – Eleanor de Clare, English noblewoman (b. 1290)
    • 1364 – Arnošt of Pardubice, Czech archbishop (b. 1297)
    • 1538 – Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)
    • 1522 – Johann Reuchlin, German humanist and Hebrew scholar (b. 1455)
    • 1607 – Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1538)
    • 1649 – Simon Vouet, French painter (b. 1590)
    • 1660 – William Oughtred, English minister and mathematician (b. 1575)
    • 1666 – Alexander Brome, English poet and playwright (b. 1620)
    • 1670 – Henrietta of England (b. 1644)
    • 1704 – John Quelch, English pirate (b. 1665)
    • 1708 – Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1684)
    • 1709 – Edward Lhuyd, Welsh botanist, linguist, and geographer (b. 1660)
    • 1785 – James Oglethorpe, English general and politician, 1st Colonial Governor of Georgia (b. 1696)
    • 1796 – Abraham Yates Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1724)
    • 1857 – Alcide d’Orbigny, French zoologist and paleontologist (b. 1802)
    • 1882 – Charles J. Guiteau, American preacher and lawyer, assassin of James A. Garfield (b. 1841)
    • 1882 – Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)
    • 1890 – Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American organist and composer (b. 1819)
    • 1908 – Thomas Hill, American painter (b. 1829)
    • 1913 – Alphonse Kirchhoffer, French fencer (b. 1873)
    • 1916 – Eunice Eloisae Gibbs Allyn, American correspondent, author, and poet (b. 1847)
    • 1917 – Antonio de La Gándara, French painter and illustrator (b. 1861)
    • 1917 – Dadabhai Naoroji, Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader (b. 1825)
    • 1919 – John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1842)
    • 1932 – Bruno Kastner, German actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1890)
    • 1934 – Karl Ernst, German soldier (b. 1904)
    • 1934 – Erich Klausener, German soldier and politician (b. 1885)
    • 1934 – Gustav Ritter von Kahr, German lawyer and politician, Minister-President of Bavaria (b. 1862)
    • 1934 – Gregor Strasser, German lieutenant and politician (b. 1892)
    • 1934 – Kurt von Schleicher, German general and politician, 23rd Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
    • 1941 – Yefim Fomin, Belarusian politician (b. 1909)
    • 1941 – Aleksander Tõnisson, Estonian general and politician, 5th Estonian Minister of War (b. 1875)
    • 1948 – Prince Sabahaddin, Turkish-Swiss sociologist and academic (b. 1879)
    • 1949 – Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild, French financier and polo player (b. 1868)
    • 1951 – Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler and coach (b. 1884)
    • 1953 – Elsa Beskow, Swedish author and illustrator (b. 1874)
    • 1953 – Charles William Miller, Brazilian footballer and civil servant (b. 1874)
    • 1954 – Andrass Samuelsen, Faroese politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1873)
    • 1956 – Thorleif Lund, Norwegian actor (b. 1880)
    • 1959 – José Vasconcelos, Mexican philosopher and politician (b. 1882)
    • 1961 – Lee de Forest, American inventor, invented the audion tube (b. 1873)
    • 1966 – Giuseppe Farina, Italian race car driver (b. 1906)
    • 1966 – Margery Allingham, English author of detective fiction (b. 1904)
    • 1968 – Ernst Marcus, German zoologist (b. 1893)
    • 1971 – Georgi Asparuhov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1943)
    • 1971 – Herbert Biberman, American director and screenwriter (b. 1900)
    • 1971 – Georgy Dobrovolsky Ukrainian pilot and astronaut (b. 1928)
    • 1971 – Nikola Kotkov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1938)
    • 1971 – Viktor Patsayev, Kazakh engineer and astronaut (b. 1933)
    • 1971 – Vladislav Volkov, Russian engineer and astronaut (b. 1935)
    • 1973 – Nancy Mitford, English journalist and author (b. 1904)
    • 1973 – Vasyl Velychkovsky, Ukrainian-Canadian bishop and martyr (b. 1903)
    • 1974 – Alberta Williams King, Civil rights activist (b. 1904)
    • 1976 – Firpo Marberry, American baseball player and umpire (b. 1898)
    • 1984 – Lillian Hellman, American author and playwright (b. 1905)
    • 1985 – Haruo Remeliik, Palauan politician, 1st President of Palau (b. 1933)
    • 1995 – Georgy Beregovoy, Ukrainian general and astronaut (b. 1921)
    • 1995 – Gale Gordon, American actor and voice artist (b. 1906)
    • 1996 – Lakis Petropoulos, Greek footballer and manager (b. 1932)
    • 2001 – Chet Atkins, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1924)
    • 2001 – Joe Henderson, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1937)
    • 2002 – Chico Xavier, Brazilian medium and author (b. 1910)
    • 2003 – Buddy Hackett, American actor and comedian (b. 1924)
    • 2003 – Robert McCloskey, American author and illustrator (b. 1915)
    • 2004 – Eddie Burns, Australian rugby league player (b. 1916)
    • 2007 – Sahib Singh Verma, Indian librarian and politician, 4th Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943)
    • 2009 – Pina Bausch, German dancer, choreographer, and director (b. 1940)
    • 2009 – Harve Presnell, American actor and singer (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun, English-Australian politician (b. 1942)
    • 2012 – Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician, 7th Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1915)
    • 2012 – Michael J. Ybarra, American journalist and author (b. 1966)
    • 2013 – Alan Campbell, Baron Campbell of Alloway, English lawyer and judge (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Akpor Pius Ewherido, Nigerian politician (b. 1963)
    • 2013 – Kathryn Morrison, American educator and politician (b. 1942)
    • 2013 – Thompson Oliha, Nigerian footballer (b. 1968)
    • 2013 – Keith Seaman, Australian politician, 29th Governor of South Australia (b. 1920)
    • 2014 – Frank Cashen, American businessman (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Paul Mazursky, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1930)
    • 2014 – Željko Šturanović, Montenegrin lawyer and politician, 31st Prime Minister of Montenegro (b. 1960)
    • 2015 – Charles W. Bagnal, American general (b. 1934)
    • 2015 – Robert Dewar, English-American computer scientist and academic (b. 1945)
    • 2015 – Arthur Porter, Canadian physician and academic (b. 1956)
    • 2015 – Leonard Starr, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)
    • 2017 – Barry Norman, English television presenter (b. 1933)
    • 2017 – Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician (b. 1927)

    Holidays and observances on June 30

    • Christian feast day:
      • Martial
      • Theobald of Provins
      • First Martyrs of the Church of Rome
      • June 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Armed Forces Day (Guatemala)
    • Asteroid Day (International observance)
    • General Prayer Day (Central African Republic)
    • Independence Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo), celebrates the independence of Democratic Republic of the Congo from Belgium in 1960.
    • Navy Day (Israel)
    • Philippine–Spanish Friendship Day (Philippines)
    • Revolution Day (Sudan)
    • Teachers’ Day (Dominican Republic)

  • June 10- History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock (clepsydra) called Rokoku. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
    • 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the river Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem.
    • 1329 – The Battle of Pelekanon results in a Byzantine defeat by the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1523 – Copenhagen is surrounded by the army of Frederick I of Denmark, as the city will not recognise him as the successor of Christian II of Denmark.
    • 1539 – Council of Trent: Pope Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the Council due to war and the difficulty bishops had traveling to Venice.
    • 1596 – Willem Barents and Jacob van Heemskerk discover Bear Island.
    • 1619 – Thirty Years’ War: Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt.
    • 1624 – Signing of the Treaty of Compiègne between France and the Netherlands.
    • 1692 – Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for “certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft and Sorceries”.
    • 1719 – Jacobite risings: Battle of Glen Shiel
    • 1782 – King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) is crowned.
    • 1786 – A landslide dam on the Dadu River created by an earthquake ten days earlier collapses, killing 100,000 in the Sichuan province of China.
    • 1793 – The Jardin des Plantes museum opens in Paris. A year later, it becomes the first public zoo.
    • 1793 – French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
    • 1805 – First Barbary War: Yusuf Karamanli signs a treaty ending the hostilities between Tripolitania and the United States.
    • 1829 – The first Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place on the Thames in London.
    • 1838 – Myall Creek massacre: Twenty-eight Aboriginal Australians are murdered.
    • 1854 – The United States Naval Academy graduates its first class of students.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Big Bethel: Confederate troops under John B. Magruder defeat a much larger Union force led by General Ebenezer W. Pierce in Virginia.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Brice’s Crossroads: Confederate troops under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat a much larger Union force led by General Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.
    • 1868 – Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia is assassinated.
    • 1871 – Sinmiyangyo: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 US Marines in a naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island, Korea.
    • 1878 – League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in the Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece.
    • 1886 – Mount Tarawera in New Zealand erupts, killing 153 people and burying the famous Pink and White Terraces. Eruptions continue for three months creating a large, 17 km long fissure across the mountain peak.
    • 1898 – Spanish–American War: In the Battle of Guantánamo Bay, U.S. Marines begin the American invasion of Spanish-held Cuba.
    • 1916 – The Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire was declared by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.
    • 1918 – The Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent István sinks off the Croatian coast after being torpedoed by an Italian MAS motorboat; the event is recorded by camera from a nearby vessel.
    • 1924 – Fascists kidnap and kill Italian Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
    • 1935 – Dr. Robert Smith takes his last drink, and Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by him and Bill Wilson.
    • 1935 – Chaco War ends: A truce is called between Bolivia and Paraguay who had been fighting since 1932.
    • 1940 – World War II: The Kingdom of Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.
    • 1940 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy’s actions in his “Stab in the Back” speech at the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.
    • 1940 – World War II: Military resistance to the German occupation of Norway ends.
    • 1942 – World War II: The Lidice massacre is perpetrated as a reprisal for the assassination of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich.
    • 1944 – World War II: Six hundred forty-two men, women and children massacred at Oradour-sur-Glane, France.
    • 1944 – World War II: In Distomo, Boeotia, Greece, 218 men, women and children are massacred by German troops.
    • 1944 – In baseball, 15-year-old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player ever in a major-league game.
    • 1945 – Australian Imperial Forces land in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.
    • 1947 – Saab produces its first automobile.
    • 1957 – John Diefenbaker leads the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada to a stunning upset in the 1957 Canadian federal election, ending 22 years of Liberal Party government.
    • 1963 – The Equal Pay Act of 1963, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex, was signed into law by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program.
    • 1964 – United States Senate breaks a 75-day filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, leading to the bill’s passage.
    • 1967 – The Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a cease-fire.
    • 1977 – James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee. He is recaptured three days later.
    • 1980 – The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight from their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.
    • 1982 – Lebanon War: The Syrian Arab Army defeats the Israeli Defense Forces in the Battle of Sultan Yacoub.
    • 1990 – British Airways Flight 5390 lands safely at Southampton Airport after a blowout in the cockpit causes the captain to be partially sucked from the cockpit. There are no fatalities.
    • 1991 – Eleven-year-old Jaycee Lee Dugard is kidnapped in South Lake Tahoe, California; she would remain a captive until 2009.
    • 1994 – China conducts a nuclear test for DF-31 warhead at Area C (Beishan), Lop Nur, its prominence being due to the Cox Report.
    • 1996 – Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without the participation of Sinn Féin.
    • 1997 – Before fleeing his northern stronghold, Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen’s family members.
    • 1999 – Kosovo War: NATO suspends its airstrikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.
    • 2001 – Pope John Paul II canonizes Lebanon’s first female saint, Saint Rafqa.
    • 2002 – The first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans is carried out by Kevin Warwick in the United Kingdom.
    • 2003 – The Spirit rover is launched, beginning NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover mission.
    • 2009 – James Wenneker von Brunn, who was 88-years-old, opened fire inside the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and fatally shot Museum Special Police Officer Stephen Tyrone Johns. Other security guards returned fire, wounding von Brunn, who was apprehended.
    • 2019 – An Agusta A109E Power crashed onto the AXA Equitable Center on Seventh Avenue in Manhattan, New York City, which sparked a fire on the top of the building. The pilot of the helicopter was killed.

    Births on June 10

    • 867 – Emperor Uda of Japan (d. 931)
    • 940 – Abu al-Wafa’ Buzjani, Persian mathematician and astronomer (d. 998)
    • 1213 – Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi, Persian poet and philosopher (d. 1289)
    • 1465 – Mercurino Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (d. 1530)
    • 1513 – Louis, Duke of Montpensier (1561–1582) (d. 1582)
    • 1557 – Leandro Bassano, Italian painter (d. 1622)
    • 1632 – Esprit Fléchier, French bishop and author (d. 1710)
    • 1688 – James Francis Edward Stuart, claimant to the English and Scottish throne (d. 1766)
    • 1713 – Princess Caroline of Great Britain (d. 1757)
    • 1716 – Carl Gustaf Ekeberg, Swedish physician and explorer (d. 1784)
    • 1753 – William Eustis, American physician and politician, 12th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1825)
    • 1804 – Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist and herpetologist (d. 1884)
    • 1819 – Gustave Courbet, French-Swiss painter and sculptor (d. 1877)
    • 1825 – Sondre Norheim, Norwegian-American skier (d. 1897)
    • 1832 – Edwin Arnold, English poet and journalist (d. 1904)
    • 1832 – Nicolaus Otto, German engineer (d. 1891)
    • 1832 – Stephen Mosher Wood, American lieutenant and politician (d. 1920)
    • 1835 – Rebecca Latimer Felton, American educator and politician (d. 1930)
    • 1839 – Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Danish lawyer and politician, 19th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1912)
    • 1840 – Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter (d. 1920)
    • 1843 – Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1900)
    • 1854 – Sarah Grand, Irish feminist writer (d. 1943)
    • 1859 – Emanuel Nobel, Swedish-Russian businessman (d. 1932)
    • 1862 – Mrs. Leslie Carter, American actress (d. 1937)
    • 1863 – Louis Couperus, Dutch author and poet (d. 1923)
    • 1864 – Ninian Comper, Scottish architect (d. 1960)
    • 1865 – Frederick Cook, American physician and explorer (d. 1940)
    • 1880 – André Derain, French painter and sculptor (d. 1954)
    • 1882 – Nils Økland, Norwegian Esperantist and teacher (d. 1969)
    • 1884 – Leone Sextus Tollemache, English captain (d. 1917)
    • 1886 – Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor and producer (d. 1973)
    • 1891 – Al Dubin, Swiss-American songwriter (d. 1945)
    • 1895 – Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952)
    • 1897 – Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
    • 1898 – Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt (d. 1983)
    • 1899 – Stanisław Czaykowski, Polish race car driver (d. 1933)
    • 1901 – Frederick Loewe, Austrian-American composer (d. 1988)
    • 1904 – Lin Huiyin, Chinese architect and poet (d. 1955)
    • 1907 – Fairfield Porter, American painter and critic (d. 1975)
    • 1907 – Dicky Wells, American jazz trombonist (d. 1985)[n 1]
    • 1909 – Lang Hancock, Australian soldier and businessman (d. 1992)
    • 1910 – Frank Demaree, American baseball player and manager (d. 1958)
    • 1910 – Howlin’ Wolf, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976)
    • 1911 – Ralph Kirkpatrick, American harpsichord player and musicologist (d. 1984)
    • 1911 – Terence Rattigan, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 1977)
    • 1912 – Jean Lesage, Canadian lawyer and politician, 11th Premier of Quebec (d. 1980)
    • 1913 – Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian pianist and composer (d. 2007)
    • 1913 – Benjamin Shapira, German-Israeli biochemist and academic (d. 1993)
    • 1914 – Oktay Rıfat Horozcu, Turkish poet and playwright (d. 1988)
    • 1915 – Saul Bellow, Canadian-American novelist, essayist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
    • 1916 – Peride Celal, Turkish author (d. 2013)
    • 1916 – William Rosenberg, American entrepreneur, founded Dunkin’ Donuts (d. 2002)
    • 1918 – Patachou, French singer and actress (d. 2015)
    • 1918 – Barry Morse, English-Canadian actor and director (d. 2008)
    • 1919 – Haidar Abdel-Shafi, Palestinian physician and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1919 – Kevin O’Flanagan, Irish footballer, rugby player, and physician (d. 2006)
    • 1921 – Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
    • 1921 – Jean Robic, French cyclist (d. 1980)
    • 1922 – Judy Garland, American singer, actress, and vaudevillian (d. 1969)
    • 1922 – Bill Kerr, South African-Australian actor (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – Paul Brunelle, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1994)
    • 1923 – Robert Maxwell, Czech-English captain, publisher, and politician (d. 1991)
    • 1924 – Friedrich L. Bauer, German mathematician, computer scientist, and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1925 – Leo Gravelle, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Nat Hentoff, American historian, author, and journalist (d. 2017)
    • 1925 – James Salter, American novelist and short-story writer (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Bruno Bartoletti, Italian conductor (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Lionel Jeffries, English actor, screenwriter and film director (d. 2010)
    • 1927 – Claudio Gilberto Froehlich, Brazilian zoologist
    • 1927 – László Kubala, Hungarian footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2002)
    • 1927 – Lin Yang-kang, Chinese politician, 29th Vice Premier of the Republic of China (d. 2013)
    • 1927 – Johnny Orr, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1927 – Eugene Parker, American astrophysicist and academic
    • 1928 – Maurice Sendak, American author and illustrator (d. 2012)
    • 1929 – James McDivitt, American general, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1929 – Ian Sinclair, Australian farmer and politician, 42nd Australian Minister for Defence
    • 1929 – Thomas Taylor, Baron Taylor of Blackburn, British Labour Party politician (d. 2016)
    • 1929 – E. O. Wilson, American biologist, author, and academic
    • 1930 – Aranka Siegal, Czech-American author and Holocaust survivor
    • 1930 – Carmen Cozza, American baseball and football player (d. 2018)
    • 1930 – Chen Xitong, Chinese politician, 8th Mayor of Beijing (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Bryan Cartledge, English academic and diplomat, British Ambassador to Russia
    • 1931 – João Gilberto, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2019)
    • 1932 – Pierre Cartier, French mathematician and academic
    • 1933 – Chuck Fairbanks, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1934 – Peter Gibson, English lawyer and judge
    • 1934 – Tom Pendry, Baron Pendry, English politician
    • 1935 – Vic Elford, English race car driver
    • 1935 – Lu Jiaxi, Chinese self-taught mathematician (d. 1983)
    • 1935 – Yoshihiro Tatsumi, Japanese author and illustrator (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Rahul Bajaj, Indian businessman and politician
    • 1938 – Violetta Villas, Belgian-Polish singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2011)
    • 1938 – Vasanti N. Bhat-Nayak, Indian mathematician and academic (d. 2009)
    • 1940 – Augie Auer, American-New Zealand meteorologist (d. 2007)
    • 1940 – John Stevens, English drummer (d. 1994)
    • 1941 – Mickey Jones, American drummer (d. 2018)
    • 1941 – Shirley Owens, American singer
    • 1941 – Jürgen Prochnow, German actor
    • 1941 – David Walker, Australian race car driver
    • 1942 – Gordon Burns, Northern Irish journalist
    • 1942 – Chantal Goya, French singer and actress
    • 1942 – Arthur Hamilton, Lord Hamilton, Scottish lawyer and judge
    • 1942 – Preston Manning, Canadian politician
    • 1943 – Simon Jenkins, English journalist and author
    • 1944 – Ze’ev Friedman, Polish-Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
    • 1944 – Rick Price, English rock bass player
    • 1947 – Michel Bastarache, Canadian businessman, lawyer, and jurist
    • 1947 – Ken Singleton, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1947 – Robert Wright, English air marshal
    • 1950 – Elías Sosa, Dominican-American baseball player
    • 1951 – Dan Fouts, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1951 – Tony Mundine, Australian boxer
    • 1951 – Burglinde Pollak, German pentathlete
    • 1952 – Kage Baker, American author (d. 2010)
    • 1953 – Eileen Cooper, English painter and academic
    • 1953 – John Edwards, American lawyer and politician
    • 1953 – Garry Hynes, Irish director and producer
    • 1953 – Christine St-Pierre, Canadian journalist and politician
    • 1954 – Moya Greene, Canadian businesswoman
    • 1954 – Rich Hall, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1955 – Annette Schavan, German theologian and politician
    • 1955 – Andrew Stevens, American actor and producer
    • 1958 – Yu Suzuki, Japanese game designer and producer
    • 1959 – Carlo Ancelotti, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1959 – Ernie C, American heavy metal guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1959 – Eliot Spitzer, American lawyer and politician, 54th Governor of New York
    • 1960 – Nandamuri Balakrishna, Indian film actor and politician
    • 1961 – Kim Deal, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1961 – Maxi Priest, English singer-songwriter
    • 1962 – Gina Gershon, American actress, singer and author
    • 1962 – Anderson Bigode Herzer, Brazilian poet and author (d. 1982)
    • 1962 – Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1993)
    • 1962 – Tzi Ma, Hong Kong American character actor
    • 1962 – Brent Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1963 – Brad Henry, American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Oklahoma
    • 1963 – Jeanne Tripplehorn, American actress
    • 1965 – Susanne Albers, German computer scientist and academic
    • 1965 – Elizabeth Hurley, English model, actress, and producer
    • 1965 – Joey Santiago, American alternative rock musician
    • 1966 – David Platt, English footballer and manager
    • 1967 – Emma Anderson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1967 – Darren Robinson, American rapper (d. 1995)
    • 1968 – Bill Burr, American comedian and actor
    • 1968 – Derek Dooley, American football player and coach
    • 1969 – Craig Hancock, Australian rugby league player
    • 1969 – Ronny Johnsen, Norwegian footballer
    • 1969 – Kate Snow, American journalist
    • 1970 – Mike Doughty, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1970 – Katsuhiro Harada, Japanese game designer, director, and producer
    • 1970 – Alex Santos, Filipino journalist
    • 1970 – Shane Whereat, Australian rugby league player
    • 1970 – Sarah Wixey, Welsh sport shooter
    • 1971 – JoJo Hailey, American singer
    • 1971 – Bobby Jindal, American journalist and politician, 55th Governor of Louisiana
    • 1971 – Bruno N’Gotty, French footballer
    • 1971 – Erik Rutan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1972 – Steven Fischer, American director and producer
    • 1972 – Radmila Šekerinska, Macedonian politician, Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
    • 1972 – Eric Upashantha, Sri Lankan cricketer
    • 1973 – Faith Evans, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
    • 1973 – Flesh-n-Bone, American rapper and actor
    • 1973 – Pokey Reese, American baseball player
    • 1975 – Henrik Pedersen, Danish footballer
    • 1976 – Alari Lell, Estonian footballer
    • 1976 – Esther Ouwehand, Dutch politician
    • 1976 – Stefan Postma, Dutch footballer and coach
    • 1976 – Hadi Saei, Iranian martial artist
    • 1977 – Adam Darski, Polish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1977 – Mike Rosenthal, American football player and coach
    • 1978 – Raheem Brock, American football player
    • 1979 – Evgeni Borounov, Russian ice dancer and coach
    • 1979 – Kostas Louboutis, Greek footballer
    • 1980 – Matuzalém, Brazilian footballer
    • 1980 – Ovie Mughelli, American football player
    • 1980 – Dmitri Uchaykin, Russian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
    • 1980 – Daniele Seccarecci, Italian bodybuilder (d. 2013)
    • 1980 – James Walsh, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and pianist
    • 1981 – Mat Jackson, English race car driver
    • 1981 – Albie Morkel, South African cricketer
    • 1981 – Andrey Yepishin, Russian sprinter
    • 1982 – Tara Lipinski, American figure skater
    • 1982 – Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland
    • 1982 – Ana Lúcia Souza, Brazilian ballerina and journalist
    • 1983 – Jade Bailey, Barbadian athlete
    • 1983 – Marion Barber III, American football player
    • 1983 – Aaron Davey, Australian footballer
    • 1983 – Leelee Sobieski, American actress and producer
    • 1983 – Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer
    • 1984 – Johanna Kedzierski, German sprinter
    • 1984 – Dirk Van Tichelt, Belgian martial artist
    • 1985 – Richard Chambers, Irish rower
    • 1985 – Kaia Kanepi, Estonian tennis player
    • 1985 – Kristina Lundberg, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Dane Nielsen, Australian rugby league player
    • 1985 – Andy Schleck, Luxembourger cyclist
    • 1985 – Vasilis Torosidis, Greek footballer
    • 1985 – Kreesha Turner, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1986 – Al Alburquerque, Dominican baseball player
    • 1986 – Marco Andreolli, Italian footballer
    • 1987 – Martin Harnik, German-Austrian footballer
    • 1987 – Amobi Okoye, Nigerian-American football player
    • 1988 – Jeff Teague, American basketball player
    • 1989 – DeAndre Kane, American basketball player
    • 1989 – David Miller, South African cricketer
    • 1989 – Mustapha Carayol, Gambian footballer
    • 1989 – Alexandra Stan, Romanian singer-songwriter, dancer, and model
    • 1991 – Alexa Scimeca Knierim, American figure skater
    • 1992 – Kate Upton, American model and actress

    Deaths on June 10

    • 323 BC – Alexander the Great, Macedonian king (b. 356 BC)
    • AD 38 – Julia Drusilla, Roman sister of Caligula (b. 16 AD)
    • 223 – Liu Bei, Chinese emperor (b. 161)
    • 779 – Emperor Daizong of Tang (b. 727)
    • 754 – Abul Abbas al-Saffah, Muslim caliph (b. 721)
    • 871 – Odo I, Frankish nobleman
    • 903 – Cheng Rui, Chinese warlord
    • 932 – Dong Zhang, Chinese general
    • 942 – Liu Yan, emperor of Southern Han (b. 889)
    • 1075 – Ernest, Margrave of Austria (b. 1027)
    • 1141 – Richenza of Northeim (b. 1087)
    • 1190 – Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1122)
    • 1261 – Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1210)
    • 1338 – Kitabatake Akiie, Japanese governor (b. 1318)
    • 1364 – Agnes of Austria (b. 1281)
    • 1424 – Ernest, Duke of Austria (b. 1377)
    • 1437 – Joan of Navarre, Queen of England (b. 1370)
    • 1468 – Idris Imad al-Din, supreme leader of Tayyibi Isma’ilism, scholar and historian (b. 1392)
    • 1552 – Alexander Barclay, English poet and author (b. 1476)
    • 1556 – Martin Agricola, German composer and theorist (b. 1486)
    • 1580 – Luís de Camões, Portuguese poet (b. 1524–25)
    • 1604 – Isabella Andreini, Italian actress (b. 1562)
    • 1607 – John Popham, English politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (b. 1531)
    • 1654 – Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (b. 1598)
    • 1680 – Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish lawyer and politician (b. 1635)
    • 1692 – Bridget Bishop, Colonial Massachusetts woman hanged as a witch during the Salem witch trials (b. 1632)
    • 1735 – Thomas Hearne, English historian and author (b. 1678)
    • 1753 – Joachim Ludwig Schultheiss von Unfriedt, German architect (b. 1678)
    • 1776 – Hsinbyushin, Burmese king (b. 1736)
    • 1776 – Leopold Widhalm, Austrian instrument maker (b. 1722)
    • 1791 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (b. 1720)
    • 1799 – Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Caribbean-French violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1745)
    • 1811 – Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1728)
    • 1831 – Hans Karl von Diebitsch, German-Russian field marshal (b. 1785)
    • 1836 – André-Marie Ampère, French physicist and mathematician (b. 1775)
    • 1849 – Thomas Robert Bugeaud, French general and politician (b. 1784)
    • 1849 – Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (b. 1773)
    • 1868 – Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia (b. 1823)
    • 1899 – Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)
    • 1901 – Robert Williams Buchanan, Scottish poet, author, and playwright (b. 1841)
    • 1902 – Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan priest and poet (b. 1845)
    • 1906 – Richard Seddon, English-New Zealand politician, 15th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1845)
    • 1909 – Edward Everett Hale, American minister, historian, and author (b. 1822)
    • 1914 – Ödön Lechner, Hungarian architect (b. 1845)
    • 1918 – Arrigo Boito, Italian author, poet, and composer (b. 1842)
    • 1923 – Pierre Loti, French soldier and author (b. 1850)
    • 1924 – Giacomo Matteotti, Italian lawyer and politician (b. 1885)
    • 1926 – Antoni Gaudí, Spanish architect, designed the Park Güell (b. 1852)
    • 1930 – Adolf von Harnack, German historian and theologian (b. 1851)
    • 1934 – Frederick Delius, English composer and educator (b. 1862)
    • 1936 – John Bowser, English-Australian politician, 26th Premier of Victoria (b. 1856)
    • 1937 – Robert Borden, Canadian lawyer and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
    • 1939 – Albert Ogilvie, Australian politician, 28th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1890)
    • 1940 – Marcus Garvey, Jamaican journalist and activist, founded the Black Star Line (b. 1887)
    • 1944 – Willem Jacob van Stockum, Dutch mathematician and academic (b. 1910)
    • 1946 – Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878)
    • 1947 – Alexander Bethune, Canadian businessman and politician, 12th Mayor of Vancouver (b. 1852)
    • 1949 – Sigrid Undset, Danish-Norwegian novelist, essayist, and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)
    • 1955 – Margaret Abbott, Indian-American golfer (b. 1876)
    • 1958 – Angelina Weld Grimké, American journalist, poet, and playwright (b. 1880)
    • 1959 – Zoltán Meskó, Hungarian politician (b. 1883)
    • 1963 – Timothy Birdsall, English cartoonist (b. 1936)
    • 1965 – Vahap Özaltay, Turkish footballer and manager (b. 1908)
    • 1967 – Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900)
    • 1971 – Michael Rennie, English actor (b. 1909)
    • 1973 – William Inge, American playwright and novelist (b. 1913)
    • 1974 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900)
    • 1976 – Adolph Zukor, American film producer, co-founded Paramount Pictures (b. 1873)
    • 1982 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1945)
    • 1984 – Halide Nusret Zorlutuna, Turkish author and poet (b. 1901)
    • 1986 – Merle Miller, American author and playwright (b. 1919)
    • 1987 – Elizabeth Hartman, American actress (b. 1943)
    • 1988 – Louis L’Amour, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1908)
    • 1991 – Jean Bruller, French author and illustrator, co-founded Les Éditions de Minuit (b. 1902)
    • 1992 – Hachidai Nakamura, Chinese-Japanese pianist and composer (b. 1931)
    • 1993 – Les Dawson, English comedian, actor, writer and presenter (b. 1931)
    • 1996 – George Hees, Canadian soldier, football player, and politician (b. 1910)
    • 1996 – Jo Van Fleet, American actress (b. 1915)
    • 1998 – Jim Hearn, American baseball player (b. 1921)
    • 1998 – Hammond Innes, English soldier and author (b. 1914)
    • 2000 – Hafez al-Assad, Syrian general and politician, 18th President of Syria (b. 1930)
    • 2000 – Brian Statham, English cricketer (b. 1930)
    • 2001 – Leila Pahlavi, Princess of Iran (b. 1970)
    • 2002 – John Gotti, American mobster (b. 1940)
    • 2003 – Donald Regan, American colonel and politician, 11th White House Chief of Staff (b. 1918)
    • 2003 – Bernard Williams, English philosopher and academic (b. 1929)
    • 2003 – Phil Williams, Welsh academic and politician (b. 1939)
    • 2004 – Ray Charles, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (b. 1930)
    • 2004 – Odette Laure, French actress and singer (b. 1917)
    • 2004 – Xenophon Zolotas, Greek economist and politician, 177th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1904)
    • 2005 – Curtis Pitts, American aircraft designer, designed the Pitts Special (b. 1915)
    • 2007 – Augie Auer, American-New Zealand meteorologist (b. 1940)
    • 2008 – Chinghiz Aitmatov, Kyrgyzstani author and diplomat (b. 1928)
    • 2009 – Stelios Skevofilakas, Greek footballer (b. 1940)
    • 2010 – Basil Schott, American archbishop (b. 1939)
    • 2010 – Sigmar Polke, German painter and photographer (b. 1941)
    • 2011 – Brian Lenihan Jnr, Irish lawyer and politician, 25th Irish Minister for Finance (b. 1959)
    • 2012 – Piero Bellugi, Italian conductor (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Warner Fusselle, American sportscaster (b. 1944)
    • 2012 – Will Hoebee, Dutch songwriter and producer (b. 1947)
    • 2012 – Georges Mathieu, French painter and academic (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Joshua Orwa Ojode, Kenyan politician (b. 1958)
    • 2012 – George Saitoti, Kenyan economist and politician, 6th Vice-President of Kenya (b. 1945)
    • 2012 – Sudono Salim, Chinese-Indonesian businessman, founded Bank Central Asia (b. 1916)
    • 2012 – Gordon West, English footballer (b. 1943)
    • 2013 – Doug Bailey, American political consultant (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Enrique Orizaola, Spanish footballer and coach (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Barbara Vucanovich, American lawyer and politician (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – Marcello Alencar, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 57th Governor of Rio de Janeiro (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Gary Gilmour, Australian cricketer and manager (b. 1951)
    • 2014 – Robert M. Grant, American theologian and academic (b. 1917)
    • 2014 – Jack Lee, American radio host and politician (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Robert Chartoff, American film producer and philanthropist (b. 1933)
    • 2015 – Wolfgang Jeschke, German author and publisher (b. 1936)
    • 2016 – Christina Grimmie, American singer-songwriter (b. 1994)
    • 2016 – Gordie Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1928)
    • 2017 – Julia Perez, Indonesian singer and actress (b. 1980)
    • 2018 – Neal E. Boyd, American singer, winner of the 2008 season of America’s Got Talent (b. 1975)
    • 2020 – Claudell Washington, American baseball player (b. 1954)

    Holidays and observances on June 10

    • Abolition Day (French Guiana)
    • Army Day (Jordan)
    • World Art Nouveau Day (Worldwide)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Bardo
      • Getulius, Amancius and Cerealus
      • Guardian Angel of Portugal
      • John of Tobolsk (Russian Orthodox Church)
      • Landry of Paris
      • Maurinus of Cologne
      • Maximus of Aveia (or of Aquila)
      • Maximus of Naples
      • Olivia
      • June 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Navy Day (Italy)
    • Portugal Day, also Day of Camões (Portugal and the Portuguese communities)
    • Reconciliation Day (Republic of the Congo)

  • June 5 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1257 – Kraków, in Poland, receives city rights.
    • 1283 – Battle of the Gulf of Naples: Roger of Lauria, admiral to King Peter III of Aragon, destroys the Neapolitan fleet and captures Charles of Salerno.
    • 1288 – The Battle of Worringen ends the War of the Limburg Succession, with John I, Duke of Brabant, being one of the more important victors.
    • 1610 – The masque Tethys’ Festival is performed at Whitehall Palace to celebrate the investiture of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.
    • 1644 – The Qing dynasty Manchu forces led by the Shunzhi Emperor take Beijing during the collapse of the Ming dynasty.
    • 1798 – The Battle of New Ross: The attempt to spread the United Irish Rebellion into Munster is defeated.
    • 1817 – The first Great Lakes steamer, the Frontenac, is launched.
    • 1829 – HMS Pickle captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba.
    • 1832 – The June Rebellion breaks out in Paris in an attempt to overthrow the monarchy of Louis Philippe.
    • 1837 – Houston is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
    • 1849 – Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy by the signing of a new constitution.
    • 1851 – Harriet Beecher Stowe’s anti-slavery serial, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly, starts a ten-month run in the National Era abolitionist newspaper.
    • 1862 – As the Treaty of Saigon is signed, ceding parts of southern Vietnam to France, the guerrilla leader Trương Định decides to defy Emperor Tự Đức of Vietnam and fight on against the Europeans.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Piedmont: Union forces under General David Hunter defeat a Confederate army at Piedmont, Virginia, taking nearly 1,000 prisoners.
    • 1873 – Sultan Barghash bin Said of Zanzibar closes the great slave market under the terms of a treaty with Great Britain.
    • 1883 – The first regularly scheduled Orient Express departs Paris.
    • 1888 – The Rio de la Plata earthquake takes place.
    • 1893 – The trial of Lizzie Borden for the murder of her father and step-mother begins in New Bedford, Massachusetts.
    • 1900 – Second Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria.
    • 1915 – Denmark amends its constitution to allow women’s suffrage.
    • 1916 – Louis Brandeis is sworn in as a Justice of the United States Supreme Court; he is the first American Jew to hold such a position.
    • 1916 – World War I: The Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire breaks out.
    • 1917 – World War I: Conscription begins in the United States as “Army registration day”.
    • 1940 – World War II: After a brief lull in the Battle of France, the Germans renew the offensive against the remaining French divisions south of the River Somme in Operation Fall Rot (“Case Red”).
    • 1941 – World War II: Four thousand Chongqing residents are asphyxiated in a bomb shelter during the Bombing of Chongqing.
    • 1942 – World War II: The United States declares war on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania.
    • 1944 – World War II: More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
    • 1945 – The Allied Control Council, the military occupation governing body of Germany, formally takes power.
    • 1946 – A fire in the La Salle Hotel in Chicago, Illinois, kills 61 people.
    • 1947 – Cold War: Marshall Plan: In a speech at Harvard University, the United States Secretary of State George Marshall calls for economic aid to war-torn Europe.
    • 1949 – Thailand elects Orapin Chaiyakan, the first female member of Thailand’s Parliament.
    • 1956 – Elvis Presley introduces his new single, “Hound Dog”, on The Milton Berle Show, scandalizing the audience with his suggestive hip movements.
    • 1959 – The first government of Singapore is sworn in.
    • 1963 – The British Secretary of State for War, John Profumo, resigns in a sex scandal known as the “Profumo affair”.
    • 1963 – Movement of 15 Khordad: Protests against the arrest of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini by the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In several cities, masses of angry demonstrators are confronted by tanks and paratroopers.
    • 1964 – DSV Alvin is commissioned.
    • 1967 – The Six-Day War begins: Israel launches surprise strikes against Egyptian air-fields in response to the mobilisation of Egyptian forces on the Israeli border.
    • 1968 – Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan.
    • 1975 – The Suez Canal opens for the first time since the Six-Day War.
    • 1975 – The United Kingdom holds its first country-wide referendum on membership of the European Economic Community (EEC).
    • 1976 – The Teton Dam in Idaho, United States, collapses.
    • 1981 – The “Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report” of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that five people in Los Angeles, California, have a rare form of pneumonia seen only in patients with weakened immune systems, in what turns out to be the first recognized cases of AIDS.
    • 1983 – More than 100 people are killed when the Russian river cruise ship Aleksandr Suvorov collides with a girder of the Ulyanovsk Railway Bridge. The collision caused a freight train to derail, further damaging the vessel yet the ship remained afloat and was eventually restored and returned to service.
    • 1984 – Operation Blue Star: Under orders from India’s prime minister, Indira Gandhi, the Indian Army begins an invasion of the Golden Temple, the holiest site of the Sikh religion.
    • 1989 – The Tank Man halts the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
    • 1993 – Portions of the Holbeck Hall Hotel in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, UK, fall into the sea following a landslide.
    • 1995 – The Bose–Einstein condensate is first created.
    • 1997 – The Second Republic of the Congo Civil War begins.
    • 1998 – A strike begins at the General Motors parts factory in Flint, Michigan, that quickly spreads to five other assembly plants. The strike lasts seven weeks.
    • 2000 – The Six-Day War in Kisangani begins in Kisangani, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between Ugandan and Rwandan forces. A large part of the city is destroyed.
    • 2001 – Tropical Storm Allison makes landfall on the upper-Texas coastline as a strong tropical storm and dumps large amounts of rain over Houston. The storm causes $5.5 billion in damages, making Allison the second costliest tropical storm in U.S. history.
    • 2003 – A severe heat wave across Pakistan and India reaches its peak, as temperatures exceed 50 °C (122 °F) in the region.
    • 2004 – Noël Mamère, Mayor of Bègles, celebrates marriage for two men for the first time in France.
    • 2006 – Serbia declares independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro.
    • 2009 – After 65 straight days of civil disobedience, at least 31 people are killed in clashes between security forces and indigenous people near Bagua, Peru.
    • 2013 – A building collapse in Philadelphia kills six and wounds 14 other people.
    • 2015 – An earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.0 struck Ranau, Sabah, Malaysia killing 18 people, including hikers and mountain guides on Mount Kinabalu, after mass landslides that occurred during the earthquake. This is the strongest earthquake to strike Malaysia since 1975.
    • 2017 – Montenegro becomes the 29th member of the NATO.
    • 2017 – Six Arab countries—Bahrain, Egypt, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and the United Arab Emirates—cut diplomatic ties with Qatar, accusing it of destabilising the region.

    Births on June 5

    • 1341 – Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, son of King Edward III of England and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (d. 1402)
    • 1412 – Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, Italian ruler (d. 1478)
    • 1493 – Justus Jonas, German priest and academic (d. 1555)
    • 1523 – Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (d. 1573)
    • 1554 – Benedetto Giustiniani, Italian clergyman (d. 1621)
    • 1587 – Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick, English colonial administrator and admiral (d. 1658)
    • 1596 – Peter Wtewael, Dutch Golden Age painter (d. 1660)
    • 1640 – Pu Songling, Chinese author (d. 1715)
    • 1646 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Italian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1684)
    • 1660 – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (d. 1744)
    • 1757 – Pierre Jean George Cabanis, French physiologist and philosopher (d. 1808)
    • 1760 – Johan Gadolin, Finnish chemist, physicist, and mineralogist (d. 1852)
    • 1771 – Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover (d. 1851)
    • 1781 – Christian Lobeck, German scholar and academic (d. 1860)
    • 1801 – William Scamp, English architect and engineer (d. 1872)
    • 1819 – John Couch Adams, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1892)
    • 1830 – Carmine Crocco, Italian soldier (d. 1905)
    • 1850 – Pat Garrett, American sheriff (d. 1908)
    • 1862 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist and optician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
    • 1868 – James Connolly, Scottish-born Irish rebel leader (d. 1916)
    • 1870 – Bernard de Pourtalès, Swiss captain and sailor (d. 1935)
    • 1876 – Isaac Heinemann, German-Israeli scholar and academic (d. 1957)
    • 1877 – Willard Miller, Canadian-American sailor, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1959)
    • 1878 – Pancho Villa, Mexican general and politician, Governor of Chihuahua (d. 1923)
    • 1879 – Robert Mayer, German-English businessman and philanthropist (d. 1985)
    • 1883 – John Maynard Keynes, English economist, philosopher, and academic (d. 1946)
    • 1884 – Ralph Benatzky, Czech-Swiss composer (d. 1957)
    • 1884 – Ivy Compton-Burnett, English author (d. 1969)
    • 1884 – Frederick Lorz, American runner (d. 1914)
    • 1892 – Jaan Kikkas, Estonian weightlifter (d. 1944)
    • 1894 – Roy Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian-English publisher and academic (d. 1976)
    • 1895 – William Boyd, American actor and producer (d. 1972)
    • 1895 – William Roberts, English soldier and painter (d. 1980)
    • 1898 – Salvatore Ferragamo, Italian shoe designer, founded Salvatore Ferragamo S.p.A. (d. 1960)
    • 1898 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet, playwright, and director (d. 1936)
    • 1899 – Otis Barton, American diver, engineer, and actor, designed the bathysphere (d. 1992)
    • 1899 – Theippan Maung Wa, Burmese writer (d. 1942)
    • 1900 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian-English physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
    • 1902 – Arthur Powell Davies, American minister, author, and activist (d. 1957)
    • 1905 – Wayne Boring, American illustrator (d. 1987)
    • 1912 – Dean Amadon, American ornithologist and author (d. 2003)
    • 1912 – Eric Hollies, English cricketer (d. 1981)
    • 1913 – Conrad Marca-Relli, American-Italian painter and academic (d. 2000)
    • 1914 – Beatrice de Cardi, English archaeologist and academic (d. 2016)
    • 1916 – Sid Barnes, Australian cricketer (d. 1973)
    • 1916 – Eddie Joost, American baseball player and manager (d. 2011)
    • 1919 – Richard Scarry, American-Swiss author and illustrator (d. 1994)
    • 1920 – Marion Motley, American football player and coach (d. 1999)
    • 1920 – Cornelius Ryan, Irish-American journalist and author (d. 1974)
    • 1922 – Paul Couvret, Dutch-Australian soldier, pilot, and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Sheila Sim, English actress (d. 2016)
    • 1923 – Jorge Daponte, Argentinian racing driver (d. 1963)
    • 1923 – Roger Lebel, Canadian actor (d. 1994)
    • 1923 – Daniel Pinkham, American organist and composer (d. 2006)
    • 1924 – Lou Brissie, American baseball player and scout (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Art Donovan, American football player and radio host (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Bill Hayes, American actor and singer
    • 1926 – Paul Soros, Hungarian-American engineer and businessman (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Robert Lansing, American actor (d. 1994)
    • 1928 – Umberto Maglioli, Italian racing driver (d. 1999)
    • 1928 – Tony Richardson, English-American director and producer (d. 1991)
    • 1930 – Alifa Rifaat, Egyptian author (d. 1996)
    • 1931 – Yves Blais, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1998)
    • 1931 – Jacques Demy, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1990)
    • 1931 – Jerzy Prokopiuk, Polish anthropologist and philosopher
    • 1932 – Christy Brown, Irish painter and author (d. 1981)
    • 1932 – Dave Gold, American businessman, founded the 99 Cents Only Stores (d. 2013)
    • 1933 – Bata Živojinović, Serbian actor and politician (d. 2016)
    • 1934 – Vilhjálmur Einarsson, Icelandic triple jumper, painter, and educator (d. 2019)
    • 1934 – Bill Moyers, American journalist, 13th White House Press Secretary
    • 1937 – Hélène Cixous, French author, poet, and critic
    • 1938 – Moira Anderson, Scottish singer
    • 1938 – Karin Balzer, German hurdler (d. 2019)
    • 1938 – Roy Higgins, Australian jockey (d. 2014)
    • 1939 – Joe Clark, Canadian journalist and politician, 16th Prime Minister of Canada
    • 1939 – Margaret Drabble, English novelist, biographer, and critic
    • 1941 – Martha Argerich, Argentinian pianist
    • 1941 – Erasmo Carlos, Brazilian singer-songwriter
    • 1941 – Spalding Gray, American writer, actor, and monologist (d. 2004)
    • 1941 – Robert Kraft, American businessman, founded The Kraft Group
    • 1941 – Jeff Rooker, Baron Rooker, English academic and politician, Minister of State for Immigration
    • 1941 – Gudrun Sjödén, Swedish designer
    • 1942 – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, Equatoguinean lieutenant and politician, 2nd President of Equatorial Guinea
    • 1943 – Abraham Viruthakulangara, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Nagpur, Maharashtra, India (d. 2018)
    • 1944 – Whitfield Diffie, American cryptographer and academic
    • 1945 – John Carlos, American runner and football player
    • 1945 – André Lacroix, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1946 – John Du Cann, English guitarist (d. 2001)
    • 1946 – Bob Grant, Australian rugby league player
    • 1946 – Patrick Head, English engineer and businessman, co-founded Williams F1
    • 1946 – Wanderléa, Brazilian singer and television host
    • 1947 – Laurie Anderson, American singer-songwriter and violinist
    • 1947 – Tom Evans, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1983)
    • 1947 – David Hare, English director, playwright, and screenwriter
    • 1947 – Freddie Stone, American singer, guitarist, and pastor
    • 1949 – Ken Follett, Welsh author
    • 1949 – Elizabeth Gloster, English lawyer and judge
    • 1949 – Alexander Scrymgeour, 12th Earl of Dundee, Scottish politician
    • 1950 – Ronnie Dyson, American singer and actor (d. 1990)
    • 1950 – Abraham Sarmiento, Jr., Filipino journalist and activist (d. 1977)
    • 1951 – Suze Orman, American financial adviser, author, and television host
    • 1952 – Pierre Bruneau, Canadian journalist and news anchor
    • 1952 – Carole Fredericks, American singer (d. 2001)
    • 1952 – Nicko McBrain, English drummer and songwriter
    • 1953 – Kathleen Kennedy, American film producer, co-founded Amblin Entertainment
    • 1954 – Alberto Malesani, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1954 – Phil Neale, English cricketer, coach, and manager
    • 1954 – Nancy Stafford, American model and actress
    • 1955 – Edino Nazareth Filho, Brazilian footballer and manager
    • 1956 – Richard Butler, English singer-songwriter
    • 1956 – Kenny G, American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1957 – Charles Nolan, American fashion designer (d. 2011)
    • 1958 – Avigdor Lieberman, Moldavian-Israeli soldier and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Israel
    • 1958 – Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, Comorian businessman and politician, President of Comoros
    • 1959 – Mark Ella, Australian rugby player
    • 1959 – Werner Schildhauer, German runner
    • 1960 – Boris Dugan, Estonian footballer and coach
    • 1960 – Claire Fox, English author and academic
    • 1961 – Anke Behmer, German heptathlete
    • 1961 – Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (d. 1999)
    • 1961 – Anthony Burger, American singer and pianist (d. 2006)
    • 1961 – Aldo Costa, Italian engineer
    • 1961 – Ramesh Krishnan, Indian tennis player and coach
    • 1962 – Jeff Garlin, American actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter
    • 1962 – Tõnis Lukas, Estonian historian and politician, 34th Estonian Minister of Education
    • 1964 – Lisa Cholodenko, American director and screenwriter
    • 1964 – Karl Sanders, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Michael E. Brown, American astronomer and author
    • 1965 – Sandrine Piau, French soprano
    • 1965 – Alfie Turcotte, American ice hockey player
    • 1967 – Matt Bullard, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Joe DeLoach, American sprinter
    • 1967 – Ray Lankford, American baseball player
    • 1967 – Ron Livingston, American actor
    • 1968 – Ed Vaizey, English lawyer and politician, Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries
    • 1969 – Brian McKnight, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
    • 1970 – Martin Gélinas, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1971 – Susan Lynch, Northern Irish actress
    • 1971 – Alex Mooney, American politician
    • 1971 – Takaya Tsubobayashi, Japanese racing driver
    • 1971 – Mark Wahlberg, American model, actor, producer, and rapper
    • 1972 – Yogi Adityanath, Indian priest and politician
    • 1972 – Paweł Kotla, Polish conductor and academic
    • 1973 – Lamon Brewster, American boxer
    • 1973 – Gella Vandecaveye, Belgian martial artist
    • 1974 – Mervyn Dillon, Trinidadian cricketer
    • 1974 – Scott Draper, Australian tennis player and golfer
    • 1974 – Russ Ortiz, American baseball player
    • 1975 – Zydrunas Ilgauskas, Lithuanian-American basketball player
    • 1975 – Duncan Patterson, English drummer and keyboard player
    • 1975 – Sandra Stals, Belgian runner
    • 1976 – Giannis Giannoulis, Canadian basketball player
    • 1976 – Torry Holt, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1977 – Liza Weil, American actress
    • 1978 – Fernando Meira, Portuguese footballer
    • 1979 – Stefanos Kotsolis, Greek footballer
    • 1979 – Matthew Scarlett, Australian footballer
    • 1979 – Pete Wentz, American singer-songwriter, bass player, actor, and fashion designer
    • 1979 – Jason White, American race car driver
    • 1980 – Mike Fisher, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1980 – Antonio García, Spanish racing driver
    • 1981 – Serhat Akın, Turkish footballer
    • 1981 – Sébastien Lefebvre, Canadian singer and guitarist
    • 1982 – Ryan Dallas Cook, American trombonist (d. 2005)
    • 1983 – Marques Colston, American football player
    • 1984 – Robert Barbieri, Canadian-Italian rugby player
    • 1984 – Eric Traoré, Senegalese footballer
    • 1985 – Jeremy Abbott, American figure skater
    • 1985 – Ekaterina Bychkova, Russian tennis player
    • 1986 – Dave Bolland, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Vernon Gholston, American football player
    • 1987 – Marcus Thornton, American basketball player
    • 1988 – Alessandro Salvi, Italian footballer
    • 1989 – Cam Atkinson, American ice hockey player
    • 1989 – Megumi Nakajima, Japanese voice actress and singer
    • 1990 – Radko Gudas, Czech ice hockey defenceman
    • 1991 – Sören Bertram, German footballer
    • 1992 – Joazhiño Arroe, Peruvian footballer
    • 1992 – Emily Seebohm, Australian swimmer
    • 1993 – Roger Tuivasa-Sheck, Samoan-New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1995 – Troye Sivan, South African–born Australian singer-songwriter, actor, and YouTuber
    • 1995 – Ross Wilson, English table tennis player
    • 1997 – Sam Darnold, American football player
    • 1998 – Yulia Lipnitskaya, Russian figure skater

    Deaths on June 5

    • 301 – Sima Lun, Chinese emperor (b. 249)
    • 535 – Epiphanius, patriarch of Constantinople
    • 567 – Theodosius I, patriarch of Alexandria
    • 708 – Jacob of Edessa, Syrian bishop (b. 640)
    • 754 – Eoban, bishop of Utrecht
    • 754 – Boniface, English missionary and martyr (b. 675)
    • 879 – Ya’qub ibn al-Layth, Persian emir (b. 840)
    • 928 – Louis the Blind, king of Provence
    • 1017 – Sanjō, emperor of Japan (b. 976)
    • 1118 – Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester, Norman nobleman and politician (b. 1049)
    • 1296 – Edmund Crouchback, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1245)
    • 1310 – Amalric, prince of Tyre
    • 1316 – Louis X, king of France (b. 1289)
    • 1383 – Dmitry of Suzdal, Russian grand prince (b. 1324)
    • 1400 – Frederick I, duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    • 1424 – Braccio da Montone, Italian nobleman (b. 1368)
    • 1434 – Yuri IV, Russian grand prince (b. 1374)
    • 1443 – Ferdinand, Portuguese prince (b. 1402)
    • 1445 – Leonel Power, English composer
    • 1530 – Mercurino Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (b. 1465)
    • 1568 – Lamoral, Count of Egmont (b. 1522)
    • 1625 – Orlando Gibbons, English organist and composer (b. 1583)
    • 1667 – Francesco Sforza Pallavicino, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1607)
    • 1716 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician and academic (b. 1682)
    • 1722 – Johann Kuhnau, German organist and composer (b. 1660)
    • 1738 – Isaac de Beausobre, French pastor and theologian (b. 1659)
    • 1740 – Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Kent, English politician and courtier (b. 1671)
    • 1791 – Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-Canadian general and politician, 22nd Governor of Quebec (b. 1718)
    • 1816 – Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer and educator (b. 1741)
    • 1825 – Odysseas Androutsos, Greek soldier (b. 1788)
    • 1826 – Carl Maria von Weber, German pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1786)
    • 1866 – John McDouall Stuart, Scottish explorer and surveyor (b. 1815)
    • 1899 – Antonio Luna, Filipino general (b. 1866)
    • 1900 – Stephen Crane, American poet, novelist, and short story writer (b. 1871)
    • 1906 – Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, German philosopher and author (b. 1842)
    • 1910 – O. Henry, American short story writer (b. 1862)
    • 1913 – Chris von der Ahe, German-American businessman (b. 1851)
    • 1916 – Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Irish-born British field marshal and politician, Secretary of State for War (b. 1850)
    • 1920 – Rhoda Broughton, Welsh-English author (b. 1840)
    • 1921 – Will Crooks, English trade unionist and politician (b. 1852)
    • 1921 – Georges Feydeau, French playwright (b. 1862)
    • 1930 – Eric Lemming, Swedish athlete (b. 1880)
    • 1930 – Pascin, Bulgarian-French painter and illustrator (b. 1885)
    • 1934 – Emily Dobson, Australian philanthropist (b. 1842)
    • 1934 – William Holman, English-Australian politician, 19th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1871)
    • 1947 – Nils Olaf Chrisander, Swedish-American actor and director (b. 1884)
    • 1967 – Arthur Biram, Israeli philologist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1878)
    • 1967 – Harry Brown, Australian public servant (b. 1878)
    • 1993 – Conway Twitty, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1933)
    • 1996 – Acharya Kuber Nath Rai, Indian poet and scholar (b. 1933)
    • 1997 – J. Anthony Lukas, American journalist and author (b. 1933)
    • 1998 – Jeanette Nolan, American actress (b. 1911)
    • 1998 – Sam Yorty, American soldier and politician, 37th Mayor of Los Angeles (b. 1909)
    • 1999 – Mel Tormé, American singer-songwriter (b. 1925)
    • 2000 – Don Liddle, American baseball player (b. 1925)
    • 2002 – Dee Dee Ramone, American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1951)
    • 2003 – Jürgen Möllemann, German soldier and politician, 10th Vice-Chancellor of Germany (b. 1945)
    • 2003 – Manuel Rosenthal, French composer and conductor (b. 1904)
    • 2004 – Iona Brown, English violinist and conductor (b. 1941)
    • 2004 – Ronald Reagan, American actor and politician, 40th President of the United States (b. 1911)
    • 2005 – Adolfo Aguilar Zínser, Mexican scholar and politician (b. 1949)
    • 2006 – Frederick Franck, Dutch-American painter, sculptor, and author (b. 1909)
    • 2006 – Edward L. Moyers, American businessman (b. 1928)
    • 2009 – Jeff Hanson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1978)
    • 2012 – Ray Bradbury, American science fiction writer and screenwriter (b. 1920)
    • 2012 – Hal Keller, American baseball player and manager (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Mihai Pătrașcu, Romanian-American computer scientist (b. 1982)
    • 2012 – Charlie Sutton, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Helen McElhone, Scottish politician (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Stanisław Nagy, Polish cardinal (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Ruairí Ó Brádaigh, Irish republican activist and politician (b. 1932)
    • 2013 – Michel Ostyn, Belgian physiologist and physician (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Abu Abdulrahman al-Bilawi, Iraqi commander (b. 1971)
    • 2014 – Don Davis, American songwriter and producer (b. 1938)
    • 2014 – Reiulf Steen, Norwegian journalist and politician, Norwegian Minister of Transport and Communications (b. 1933)
    • 2015 – Tariq Aziz, Iraqi journalist and politician, Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1936)
    • 2015 – Alan Bond, English-Australian businessman (b. 1938)
    • 2015 – Richard Johnson, English actor (b. 1927)
    • 2015 – Roger Vergé, French chef and author (b. 1930)
    • 2016 – Jerome Bruner, American psychologist (b. 1915)
    • 2017 – Andy Cunningham, English actor (b. 1950)
    • 2017 – Cheick Tioté, Ivorian footballer (b. 1986)
    • 2018 – Kate Spade, American fashion designer (b. 1962)

    Holidays and observances on June 5

    • Arbor Day (New Zealand)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Boniface (Roman Catholic Church)
      • Dorotheus of Tyre
      • Genesius, Count of Clermont
      • Blessed Meinwerk
      • June 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Constitution Day (Denmark)
    • Father’s Day (Denmark)
    • Feast of Núr, the first day of the fifth month of the Bahá’í calendar (Bahá’í Faith) (only if Bahá’í Naw-Rúz falls on March 21)
    • Indian Arrival Day (Suriname)
    • Khordad Movement Anniversary (Iran) (Only if March equinox falls on March 20)
    • Liberation Day (Seychelles)
    • President’s Day (Equatorial Guinea)
    • Reclamation Day (Azerbaijan)
    • World Day Against Speciesism (International)
    • World Environment Day (International)

  • June 3 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
    • 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, deposed and sent into exile by conspirators of the Opsikion army in Thrace. He is succeeded by Anastasios II, who begins the reorganization of the Byzantine army.
    • 1140 – The French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.
    • 1326 – The Treaty of Novgorod delineates borders between Russia and Norway in Finnmark.
    • 1539 – Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain.
    • 1608 – Samuel de Champlain completes his third voyage to New France at Tadoussac, Quebec.
    • 1621 – The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherland.
    • 1658 – Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
    • 1665 – James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England), defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
    • 1781 – Jack Jouett begins his midnight ride to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature of an impending raid by Banastre Tarleton.
    • 1839 – In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2 million kilograms of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Philippi (also called the Philippi Races): Union forces rout Confederate troops in Barbour County, Virginia, now West Virginia.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Cold Harbor: Union forces attack Confederate troops in Hanover County, Virginia.
    • 1866 – The Fenians are driven out of Fort Erie, Ontario back into the United States.
    • 1885 – In the last military engagement fought on Canadian soil, the Cree leader, Big Bear, escapes the North-West Mounted Police.
    • 1889 – The first long-distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
    • 1916 – The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450,000 men.
    • 1935 – One thousand unemployed Canadian workers board freight cars in Vancouver, beginning a protest trek to Ottawa.
    • 1937 – The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
    • 1940 – World War II: The Luftwaffe bombs Paris.
    • 1940 – World War II: The Battle of Dunkirk ends with a German victory and with Allied forces in full retreat.
    • 1940 – Franz Rademacher proposes plans to make Madagascar the “Jewish homeland”, an idea that had first been considered by 19th century journalist Theodor Herzl.
    • 1941 – World War II: The Wehrmacht razes the Greek village of Kandanos to the ground and murders 180 of its inhabitants.
    • 1942 – World War II: Japan begins the Aleutian Islands Campaign by bombing Unalaska Island.
    • 1943 – In Los Angeles, California, white U.S. Navy sailors and Marines clash with Latino youths in the Zoot Suit Riots.
    • 1950 – Herzog and Lachenal of the French Annapurna expedition become the first climbers to reach the summit of an 8,000-metre peak.
    • 1962 – At Paris Orly Airport, Air France Flight 007 overruns the runway and explodes when the crew attempts to abort takeoff, killing 130.
    • 1963 – Soldiers of the South Vietnamese Army attack protesting Buddhists in Huế with liquid chemicals from tear-gas grenades, causing 67 people to be hospitalized for blistering of the skin and respiratory ailments.
    • 1965 – The launch of Gemini 4, the first multi-day space mission by a NASA crew. Ed White, a crew member, performs the first American spacewalk.
    • 1969 – Melbourne–Evans collision: off the coast of South Vietnam, the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne cuts the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in half.
    • 1973 – A Soviet supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 crashes near Goussainville, France, killing 14, the first crash of a supersonic passenger aircraft.
    • 1979 – A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 3,000,000 barrels (480,000 m3) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the second-worst accidental oil spill ever recorded.
    • 1980 – An explosive device is detonated at the Statue of Liberty. The FBI suspects Croatian nationalists.
    • 1980 – The 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak hits Nebraska, causing five deaths and $300 million (equivalent to $931 million in 2019) worth of damage.
    • 1982 – The Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, is shot on a London street; he survives but is left paralysed.
    • 1984 – Operation Blue Star, a military offensive, is launched by the Indian government at Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine for Sikhs, in Amritsar. The operation continues until June 6, with casualties, most of them civilians, in excess of 5,000.
    • 1989 – The government of China sends troops to force protesters out of Tiananmen Square after seven weeks of occupation.
    • 1991 – Mount Unzen erupts in Kyūshū, Japan, killing 43 people, all of them either researchers or journalists.
    • 1992 – Aboriginal land rights are granted in Australia in Mabo v Queensland (No 2), a case brought by Eddie Mabo.
    • 1998 – After suffering a mechanical failure, a high speed train derails at Eschede, Germany, killing 101 people.
    • 2006 – The union of Serbia and Montenegro comes to an end with Montenegro’s formal declaration of independence.
    • 2012 – A plane carrying 153 people on board crashes in a residential neighborhood in Lagos, Nigeria, killing everyone on board and 10 people on the ground.
    • 2012 – The pageant for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II takes place on the River Thames.
    • 2013 – The trial of United States Army private Chelsea Manning for leaking classified material to WikiLeaks begins in Fort Meade, Maryland.
    • 2013 – At least 119 people are killed in a fire at a poultry farm in Jilin Province in northeastern China.
    • 2015 – An explosion at a gasoline station in Accra, Ghana, killing more than 200 people.
    • 2017 – London Bridge attack: Eight people are murdered and dozens of civilians are wounded by Islamist terrorists. Three of the attackers are shot dead by the police.
    • 2019 – Khartoum massacre: In Sudan, over 100 people are killed when security forces accompanied by Janjaweed militiamen storm and open fire on a sit-in protest.

    Births on June 3

    • 20 BC – Sejanus, Roman soldier and bodyguard (d. 31 AD)
    • 1139 – Conon of Naso, Basilian abbot (d. 1236)
    • 1421 – Giovanni di Cosimo de’ Medici, Italian noble (d. 1463)
    • 1454 – Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania (1474–1523) (d. 1523)
    • 1537 – João Manuel, Prince of Portugal (d. 1554)
    • 1540 – Charles II, Archduke of Austria (d. 1590)
    • 1554 – Pietro de’ Medici, Italian noble (d. 1604)
    • 1576 – Giovanni Diodati, Swiss-Italian minister, theologian, and academic (d. 1649)
    • 1594 – César, Duke of Vendôme, French nobleman (d. 1665)
    • 1603 – Pietro Paolini, Italian painter (d. 1681)
    • 1635 – Philippe Quinault, French playwright and composer (d. 1688)
    • 1636 – John Hale, American minister (d. 1700)
    • 1659 – David Gregory, Scottish-English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1708)
    • 1662 – Willem van Mieris, Dutch painter (d. 1747)
    • 1723 – Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian physician, geologist, and botanist (d. 1788)
    • 1726 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist and physician (d. 1797)
    • 1736 – Ignaz Fränzl, German violinist and composer (d. 1811)
    • 1770 – Manuel Belgrano, Argentinian economist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1820)
    • 1808 – Jefferson Davis, American colonel and politician, President of the Confederate States of America (d. 1889)
    • 1818 – Louis Faidherbe, French general and politician, Governor of Senegal (d. 1889)
    • 1819 – Anton Anderledy, Swiss religious leader, 23rd Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1892)
    • 1819 – Johan Jongkind, Dutch painter (d. 1891)
    • 1832 – Charles Lecocq, French pianist and composer (d. 1918)
    • 1843 – Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1912)
    • 1844 – Garret Hobart, American lawyer and politician, 24th Vice President of the United States (d. 1899)
    • 1844 – Detlev von Liliencron, German poet and author (d. 1909)
    • 1852 – Theodore Robinson, American painter and academic (d. 1896)
    • 1853 – Flinders Petrie, English archaeologist and academic (d. 1942)
    • 1864 – Otto Erich Hartleben, German poet and playwright (d. 1905)
    • 1864 – Ransom E. Olds, American businessman, founded Oldsmobile and REO Motor Car Company (d. 1950)
    • 1865 – George V of the United Kingdom (d. 1936)
    • 1866 – George Howells Broadhurst, English-American director and manager (d. 1952)
    • 1873 – Otto Loewi, German-American pharmacologist and psychobiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
    • 1877 – Raoul Dufy, French painter and illustrator (d. 1953)
    • 1879 – Alla Nazimova, Ukrainian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1945)
    • 1879 – Raymond Pearl, American biologist and botanist (d. 1940)
    • 1879 – Vivian Woodward, English footballer and soldier (d. 1954)
    • 1881 – Mikhail Larionov, Russian painter and set designer (d. 1964)
    • 1890 – Baburao Painter, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1954)
    • 1897 – Memphis Minnie, American singer-songwriter (d. 1973)
    • 1899 – Georg von Békésy, Hungarian-American biophysicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
    • 1900 – Adelaide Ames, American astronomer and academic (d. 1932)
    • 1900 – Leo Picard, German-Israeli geologist and academic (d. 1997)
    • 1901 – Maurice Evans, English actor (d. 1989)
    • 1901 – Zhang Xueliang, Chinese general and warlord (d. 2001)
    • 1903 – Eddie Acuff, American actor (d. 1956)
    • 1904 – Charles R. Drew, American physician and surgeon (d. 1950)
    • 1904 – Jan Peerce, American tenor and actor (d. 1984)
    • 1905 – Martin Gottfried Weiss, German SS officer (d. 1946)
    • 1906 – R. G. D. Allen, English economist, mathematician, and statistician (d. 1983)
    • 1906 – Josephine Baker, French actress, singer, and dancer; French Resistance operative (d. 1975)
    • 1906 – Walter Robins, English cricketer and footballer (d. 1968)
    • 1907 – Paul Rotha, English director and producer (d. 1984)
    • 1910 – Paulette Goddard, American actress and model (d. 1990)
    • 1911 – Ellen Corby, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1999)
    • 1913 – Pedro Mir, Dominican poet and author (d. 2000)
    • 1914 – Ignacio Ponseti, Spanish physician and orthopedist (d. 2009)
    • 1917 – Leo Gorcey, American actor (d. 1969)
    • 1918 – Patrick Cargill, English actor and producer (d. 1996)
    • 1918 – Lili St. Cyr, American dancer (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – Forbes Carlile, Australian pentathlete and coach (d. 2016)
    • 1921 – Jean Dréjac, French singer and composer (d. 2003)
    • 1922 – Alain Resnais, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – Igor Shafarevich, Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 2017)
    • 1924 – Karunanidhi, Indian screenwriter and politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (d. 2018)
    • 1924 – Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian-American actress (d. 1991)
    • 1924 – Bernard Glasser, American director and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1924 – Jimmy Rogers, American singer and guitarist (d. 1997)
    • 1924 – Torsten Wiesel, Swedish neurophysiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1925 – Tony Curtis, American actor (d. 2010)
    • 1925 – Thomas Winning, Scottish cardinal (d. 2001)
    • 1926 – Allen Ginsberg, American poet (d. 1997)
    • 1926 – Flora MacDonald, Canadian banker and politician, 10th Canadian Minister of Communications (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Boots Randolph, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2007)
    • 1928 – Donald Judd, American sculptor and painter (d. 1994)
    • 1928 – John Richard Reid, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1929 – Werner Arber, Swiss microbiologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1929 – Chuck Barris, American game show host and producer (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Marion Zimmer Bradley, American author and poet (d. 1999)
    • 1930 – George Fernandes, Indian journalist and politician, Minister of Defence for India (d. 2019)
    • 1930 – Dakota Staton, American singer (d. 2007)
    • 1930 – Abbas Zandi, Iranian wrestler (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Ben Wada, Japanese director and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1930 – Joe Coulombe, founder of Trader Joe’s (d. 2020)
    • 1931 – Françoise Arnoul, Algerian-French actress
    • 1931 – Raúl Castro, Cuban commander and politician, 18th President of Cuba
    • 1931 – John Norman, American philosopher and author
    • 1931 – Lindy Remigino, American runner and coach (d. 2018)
    • 1933 – Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Bahranian king (d. 1999)
    • 1936 – Larry McMurtry, American novelist and screenwriter
    • 1936 – Colin Meads, New Zealand rugby player and coach (d. 2017)
    • 1937 – Jean-Pierre Jaussaud, French race car driver
    • 1939 – Frank Blevins, English-Australian lawyer and politician, 7th Deputy Premier of South Australia (d. 2013)
    • 1939 – Steve Dalkowski, American baseball player (d. 2020)
    • 1939 – Ian Hunter, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1942 – Curtis Mayfield, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1999)
    • 1943 – Billy Cunningham, American basketball player and coach
    • 1944 – Thomas Burns, British bishop
    • 1944 – Edith McGuire, American sprinter and educator
    • 1944 – Eddy Ottoz, Italian hurdler and coach
    • 1945 – Hale Irwin, American golfer and architect
    • 1945 – Ramon Jacinto, Filipino singer, guitarist, and businessman, founded the Rajah Broadcasting Network
    • 1945 – Bill Paterson, Scottish actor
    • 1946 – Michael Clarke, American drummer (d. 1993)
    • 1946 – Eddie Holman, American pop/R&B/gospel singer
    • 1946 – Penelope Wilton, English actress
    • 1947 – John Dykstra, American special effects artist and producer
    • 1947 – Mickey Finn, English drummer (d. 2003)
    • 1948 – Jan Reker, Dutch footballer and manager
    • 1950 – Frédéric François, Belgian-Italian singer-songwriter
    • 1950 – Melissa Mathison, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)
    • 1950 – Juan José Muñoz, Argentinian businessman (d. 2013)
    • 1950 – Larry Probst, American businessman
    • 1950 – Suzi Quatro, American-English singer-songwriter, bass player, producer, and actress
    • 1950 – Christos Verelis, Greek politician, Greek Minister of Transport and Communications
    • 1950 – Deniece Williams, American singer-songwriter
    • 1952 – Billy Powell, American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1952 – David Richards, Welsh entrepreneur and businessman
    • 1954 – Dan Hill, Canadian singer-songwriter
    • 1954 – Susan Landau, American mathematician and engineer
    • 1956 – George Burley, Scottish footballer and manager
    • 1956 – Danny Wilde, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1957 – Horst-Ulrich Hänel, German field hockey player
    • 1959 – Imbi Paju, Estonian-Finnish journalist and author
    • 1960 – Catherine Davani, first female Papua New Guinean judge (d. 2016)
    • 1960 – Tracy Grimshaw, Australian television host
    • 1960 – Carl Rackemann, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1961 – Lawrence Lessig, American lawyer, academic, and author, founded the Creative Commons
    • 1961 – Peter Vidmar, American gymnast
    • 1961 – Ed Wynne, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1962 – Susannah Constantine, English fashion designer, journalist, and author
    • 1962 – Dagmar Neubauer, German sprinter
    • 1963 – Rudy Demotte, Belgian politician, 8th Minister-President of the Walloon Region
    • 1963 – Toshiaki Karasawa, Japanese actor
    • 1964 – André Bellavance, Canadian politician
    • 1964 – Kerry King, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1964 – James Purefoy, English actor
    • 1965 – Hans Kroes, Dutch swimmer
    • 1965 – Michael Moore, British accountant and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
    • 1966 – Wasim Akram, Pakistani cricketer, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Anderson Cooper, American journalist and author
    • 1967 – Tamás Darnyi, Hungarian swimmer
    • 1969 – Takako Minekawa, Japanese singer-songwriter
    • 1969 – Dean Pay, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1971 – Luigi Di Biagio, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1971 – Mary Grigson, Australian cross-country mountain biker
    • 1972 – Julie Gayet, French actress
    • 1974 – Kelly Jones, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1974 – Serhiy Rebrov, Ukrainian international footballer and manager
    • 1975 – Jose Molina, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
    • 1976 – Nikos Chatzis, Greek basketball player
    • 1976 – Jamie McMurray, American race car driver
    • 1977 – Cris, Brazilian footballer
    • 1978 – Lyfe Jennings, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1979 – Luis Fernando López, Colombian race walker
    • 1979 – Christian Malcolm, Welsh sprinter
    • 1980 – Amauri, Brazilian-Italian footballer
    • 1981 – Sosene Anesi, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1982 – Yelena Isinbayeva, Russian pole vaulter
    • 1982 – Manfred Mölgg, Italian skier
    • 1983 – Pasquale Foggia, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Todd Reid, Australian tennis player (d. 2018)
    • 1985 – Papiss Cissé, Senegalese footballer
    • 1985 – Łukasz Piszczek, Polish footballer
    • 1986 – Al Horford, Dominican basketball player
    • 1986 – Micah Kogo, Kenyan runner
    • 1986 – Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player
    • 1986 – Adrián Vallés, Spanish race car driver
    • 1986 – Tomáš Verner, Czech ice skater
    • 1987 – Masami Nagasawa, Japanese actress
    • 1989 – Katie Hoff, American swimmer
    • 1991 – Lukasz Teodorczyk, Polish footballer
    • 1991 – Sami Vatanen, Finnish ice hockey defenceman
    • 1991 – Yordano Ventura, Dominican baseball player (d. 2017)
    • 1992 – Mario Götze, German footballer

    Deaths on June 3

    • 628 – Liang Shidu, Chinese rebel leader
    • 800 – Staurakios, Byzantine general
    • 1052 – Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno
    • 1395 – Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria (b. 1350)
    • 1397 – William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English commander (b. 1328)
    • 1411 – Leopold IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1371)
    • 1453 – Loukas Notaras, last megas doux of the Byzantine Empire
    • 1511 – Ahmad ibn Abi Jum’ah, Islamic scholar, author of the Oran fatwa
    • 1548 – Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish-Mexican archbishop (b. 1468)
    • 1553 – Wolf Huber, Austrian painter, printmaker and architect (b. 1485)
    • 1594 – John Aylmer, English bishop and scholar (b. 1521)
    • 1605 – Jan Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (b. 1542)
    • 1615 – Sanada Yukimura, Japanese samurai (b. 1567)
    • 1640 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1584)
    • 1649 – Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (b. 1590)
    • 1657 – William Harvey, English physician and academic (b. 1578)
    • 1659 – Morgan Llwyd, Welsh minister and poet (b. 1619)
    • 1665 – Charles Weston, 3rd Earl of Portland, English noble (b. 1639)
    • 1780 – Thomas Hutchinson, American businessman and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1711)
    • 1826 – Nikolay Karamzin, Russian historian and poet (b. 1766)
    • 1858 – Julius Reubke, German pianist and composer (b. 1834)
    • 1861 – Stephen A. Douglas, American lawyer and politician, 7th Secretary of State of Illinois (b. 1813)
    • 1865 – Okada Izō, Japanese samurai (b. 1838)
    • 1875 – Georges Bizet, French pianist and composer (b. 1838)
    • 1877 – Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, Austrian botanist, composer, and publisher (b. 1800)
    • 1882 – Christian Wilberg, German painter and illustrator (b. 1839)
    • 1894 – Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal, German lawyer and jurist (b. 1812)
    • 1899 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer and educator (b. 1825)
    • 1900 – Mary Kingsley, English explorer and author (b. 1862)
    • 1902 – Vital-Justin Grandin, French-Canadian bishop and missionary (b. 1829)
    • 1906 – John Maxwell, American golfer (b. 1871)
    • 1921 – Coenraad Hiebendaal, Dutch rower and physician (b. 1879)
    • 1924 – Franz Kafka, Czech-Austrian lawyer and author (b. 1883)
    • 1928 – Li Yuanhong, Chinese general and politician, 2nd President of the Republic of China (b. 1864)
    • 1933 – William Muldoon, American wrestler (b. 1852)
    • 1938 – John Flanagan, Irish-American hammer thrower and tug of war competitor (b. 1873)
    • 1946 – Mikhail Kalinin, Russian civil servant and politician (b. 1875)
    • 1963 – Edmond Decottignies, French weightlifter (b. 1893)
    • 1963 – Pope John XXIII (b. 1881)
    • 1963 – Nâzım Hikmet Ran, Turkish poet, author, and playwright (b. 1902)
    • 1964 – Kâzım Orbay, Turkish general and politician, 9th Turkish Speaker of the Parliament (b. 1887)
    • 1964 – Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish author and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
    • 1969 – George Edwin Cooke, American soccer player (b. 1883)
    • 1970 – Hjalmar Schacht, Danish-German economist, banker, and politician (b. 1877)
    • 1971 – Heinz Hopf, German-Swiss mathematician and academic (b. 1894)
    • 1973 – Jean Batmale, French footballer and manager (b. 1895)
    • 1975 – Ozzie Nelson, American actor and bandleader (b. 1906)
    • 1975 – Eisaku Satō, Japanese lawyer and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1901)
    • 1977 – Archibald Hill, English physiologist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
    • 1977 – Roberto Rossellini, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1906)
    • 1981 – Carleton S. Coon, American anthropologist and academic (b. 1904)
    • 1986 – Anna Neagle, English actress and singer (b. 1904)
    • 1987 – Will Sampson, American actor and painter (b. 1933)
    • 1989 – Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian religious leader and politician, 1st Supreme Leader of Iran (b. 1902)
    • 1990 – Robert Noyce, American physicist and businessman, co-founded the Intel Corporation (b. 1927)
    • 1991 – Brian Bevan, Australian rugby league player (b. 1924)
    • 1991 – Katia Krafft, French volcanologist and geologist (b. 1942)
    • 1991 – Maurice Krafft, French volcanologist and geologist (b. 1946)
    • 1991 – Lê Văn Thiêm, Vietnamese mathematician and academic (b. 1918)
    • 1992 – Robert Morley, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1908)
    • 1994 – Puig Aubert, German-French rugby player and coach (b. 1925)
    • 1997 – Dennis James, American actor and game show host (b. 1917)
    • 2001 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican-American actor and producer (b. 1915)
    • 2002 – Lew Wasserman, American talent agent and manager (b. 1913)
    • 2003 – Felix de Weldon, Austrian-American sculptor, designed the Marine Corps War Memorial (b. 1907)
    • 2005 – Harold Cardinal, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1945)
    • 2009 – David Carradine, American actor (b. 1936)
    • 2009 – Koko Taylor, American singer (b. 1928)
    • 2010 – John Hedgecoe, English photographer and author (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Rue McClanahan, American actress (b. 1934)
    • 2011 – James Arness, American actor and producer (b. 1923)
    • 2011 – Andrew Gold, American singer, songwriter, musician and arranger (b. 1951)
    • 2011 – Bhajan Lal, Indian politician, 6th Chief Minister of Haryana (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Jack Kevorkian, American pathologist, author, and activist (b. 1928)
    • 2011 – Jan van Roessel, Dutch footballer (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Carol Ann Abrams, American producer, author, and academic (b. 1942)
    • 2012 – Rajsoomer Lallah, Mauritian lawyer and judge (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Roy Salvadori, English race car driver and manager (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – Brian Talboys, New Zealand journalist and politician, 7th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Atul Chitnis, German-Indian technologist and journalist (b. 1962)
    • 2013 – Józef Czyrek, Polish economist and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Frank Lautenberg, American soldier and politician (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Svyatoslav Belza, Russian journalist, author, and critic (b. 1942)
    • 2014 – Gopinath Munde, Indian politician, 3rd Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra (b. 1949)
    • 2015 – Avi Beker, Israeli political scientist and academic (b. 1951)
    • 2016 – Muhammad Ali, American boxer (b. 1942)

    Holidays and observances on June 3

    • Christian feast day:
      • Charles Lwanga and Companions (Roman Catholic Church), and its related observances:
        • Martyrs’ Day (Uganda)
      • Clotilde
      • Kevin of Glendalough
      • Ovidius
      • Vladimirskaya (Russian Orthodox)
      • June 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Confederate Memorial Day (Kentucky, Louisiana, and Tennessee, United States)
    • Economist day (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
    • Mabo Day (Australia)
    • Opium Suppression Movement Day (Taiwan)
    • World Bicycle Day

  • May 21 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 293 – Roman Emperors Diocletian and Maximian appoint Galerius as Caesar to Diocletian, beginning the period of four rulers known as the Tetrarchy.
    • 878 – Syracuse, Sicily, is captured by the Muslim Aghlabids after a nine-month siege.
    • 879 – Pope John VIII gives blessings to Branimir of Croatia and to the Croatian people, considered to be international recognition of the Croatian state.
    • 996 – Sixteen-year-old Otto III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.
    • 1349 – Dušan’s Code, the constitution of the Serbian Empire, is enacted by Dušan the Mighty.
    • 1403 – Henry III of Castile sends Ruy González de Clavijo as ambassador to Timur to discuss the possibility of an alliance between Timur and Castile against the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1554 – Queen Mary I grants a royal charter to Derby School, as a grammar school for boys in Derby, England.
    • 1659 – In the Concert of The Hague, the Dutch Republic, the Commonwealth of England and the Kingdom of France set out their views on how the Second Northern War should end.
    • 1660 – The Battle of Long Sault concludes after five days in which French colonial militia, with their Huron and Algonquin allies, are defeated by the Iroquois Confederacy.
    • 1674 – The nobility elect John Sobieski King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.
    • 1703 – Daniel Defoe is imprisoned on charges of seditious libel.
    • 1725 – The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky is instituted in Russia by Empress Catherine I. It would later be discontinued and then reinstated by the Soviet government in 1942 as the Order of Alexander Nevsky.
    • 1758 – Ten-year-old Mary Campbell is abducted in Pennsylvania by Lenape during the French and Indian War. She is returned six and a half years later.
    • 1792 – A lava dome collapses on Mount Unzen, near the city of Shimbara on the Japanese island of Kyūshū, creating a deadly tsunami that kills nearly 15,000 people.
    • 1809 – The first day of the Battle of Aspern-Essling between the Austrian army led by Archduke Charles and the French army led by Napoleon I of France sees the French attack across the Danube held.
    • 1851 – Slavery in Colombia is abolished.
    • 1856 – Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: The Union Army succeeds in closing off the last escape route from Port Hudson, Louisiana, in preparation for the coming siege.
    • 1864 – Russia declares an end to the Russo-Circassian War and many Circassians are forced into exile. The day is designated the Circassian Day of Mourning.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House ends.
    • 1864 – The Ionian Islands reunite with Greece.
    • 1871 – French troops invade the Paris Commune and engage its residents in street fighting. By the close of “Bloody Week”, some 20,000 communards have been killed and 38,000 arrested.
    • 1871 – Opening of the first rack railway in Europe, the Rigi Bahnen on Mount Rigi.
    • 1879 – War of the Pacific: Two Chilean ships blocking the harbor of Iquique (then belonging to Peru) battle two Peruvian vessels in the Battle of Iquique.
    • 1881 – The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton in Washington, D.C.
    • 1894 – The Manchester Ship Canal in the United Kingdom is officially opened by Queen Victoria, who later knights its designer Sir Edward Leader Williams.
    • 1904 – The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) is founded in Paris.
    • 1911 – President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz and the revolutionary Francisco Madero sign the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez to put an end to the fighting between the forces of both men, concluding the initial phase of the Mexican Revolution.
    • 1917 – The Imperial War Graves Commission is established through royal charter to mark, record, and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of the British Empire’s military forces.
    • 1917 – The Great Atlanta fire of 1917 causes $5.5 million in damages, destroying some 300 acres including 2,000 homes, businesses and churches, displacing about 10,000 people but leading to only one fatality (due to heart attack).
    • 1924 – University of Chicago students Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, Jr. murder 14-year-old Bobby Franks in a “thrill killing”.
    • 1927 – Charles Lindbergh touches down at Le Bourget Field in Paris, completing the world’s first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
    • 1932 – Bad weather forces Amelia Earhart to land in a pasture in Derry, Northern Ireland, and she thereby becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
    • 1934 – Oskaloosa, Iowa, becomes the first municipality in the United States to fingerprint all of its citizens.
    • 1936 – Sada Abe is arrested after wandering the streets of Tokyo for days with her dead lover’s severed genitals in her handbag. Her story soon becomes one of Japan’s most notorious scandals.
    • 1937 – A Soviet station, North Pole-1, becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean.
    • 1939 – The Canadian National War Memorial is unveiled by King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
    • 1946 – Physicist Louis Slotin is fatally irradiated in a criticality incident during an experiment with the demon core at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
    • 1951 – The opening of the Ninth Street Show, otherwise known as the 9th Street Art Exhibition: A gathering of a number of notable artists, and the stepping-out of the post war New York avant-garde, collectively known as the New York School.
    • 1961 – American civil rights movement: Alabama Governor John Malcolm Patterson declares martial law in an attempt to restore order after race riots break out.
    • 1966 – The Ulster Volunteer Force declares war on the Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland.
    • 1969 – Civil unrest in Rosario, Argentina, known as Rosariazo, following the death of a 15-year-old student.
    • 1972 – Michelangelo’s Pietà in St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome is damaged by a vandal, the mentally disturbed Hungarian geologist Laszlo Toth.
    • 1976 – Twenty-nine people are killed in the Yuba City bus disaster in Martinez, California.
    • 1979 – White Night riots in San Francisco following the manslaughter conviction of Dan White for the assassinations of George Moscone and Harvey Milk.
    • 1981 – The Italian government releases the membership list of Propaganda Due, an illegal pseudo-Masonic lodge that was implicated in numerous Italian crimes and mysteries.
    • 1981 – Transamerica Corporation agrees to sell United Artists to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for $380 million after the box office failure of the 1980 film Heaven’s Gate.
    • 1982 – Falklands War: A British amphibious assault during Operation Sutton leads to the Battle of San Carlos.
    • 1991 – Former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi is assassinated by a female suicide bomber near Madras.
    • 1991 – Mengistu Haile Mariam, president of the People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, flees Ethiopia, effectively bringing the Ethiopian Civil War to an end.
    • 1992 – After 30 seasons Johnny Carson hosted his penultimate episode and last featuring guests (Robin Williams and Bette Midler) of The Tonight Show.
    • 1994 – The Democratic Republic of Yemen unsuccessfully attempts to secede from the Republic of Yemen; a war breaks out.
    • 1996 – The ferry MV Bukoba sinks in Tanzanian waters on Lake Victoria, killing nearly 1,000.
    • 1998 – In Miami, five abortion clinics are attacked by a butyric acid attacker.
    • 1998 – President Suharto of Indonesia resigns following the killing of students from Trisakti University earlier that week by security forces and growing mass protests in Jakarta against his ongoing corrupt rule.
    • 2001 – French Taubira law is enacted, officially recognizing the Atlantic slave trade and slavery as crimes against humanity.
    • 2003 – The 6.8 Mw  Boumerdès earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). More than 2,200 people were killed and a moderate tsunami sank boats at the Balearic Islands.
    • 2005 – The tallest roller coaster in the world, Kingda Ka opens at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey.
    • 2006 – The Republic of Montenegro holds a referendum proposing independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro; 55% of Montenegrins vote for independence.
    • 2010 – JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, launches the solar-sail spacecraft IKAROS aboard an H-IIA rocket. The vessel would make a Venus flyby late in the year.
    • 2011 – Radio broadcaster Harold Camping predicted that the world would end on this date.
    • 2012 – A bus accident near Himara, Albania kills 13 people and injures 21 others.
    • 2012 – A suicide bombing kills more than 120 people in Sana’a, Yemen.
    • 2017 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus performed their final show at Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum.

    Births on May 21

    • 1471 – Albrecht Dürer, German painter, engraver, and mathematician (d. 1528)
    • 1497 – Al-Hattab, Muslim jurist (d. 1547)
    • 1527 – Philip II of Spain (d. 1598)
    • 1653 – Eleonore of Austria, Queen of Poland (d. 1697)
    • 1688 – Alexander Pope, English poet, essayist, and translator (d. 1744)
    • 1755 – Alfred Moore, American lawyer and judge (d. 1810)
    • 1756 – William Babington, Irish-born, English physician and mineralogist (d. 1833)
    • 1763 – Joseph Fouché, French lawyer and politician (d. 1820)
    • 1775 – Lucien Bonaparte, French soldier and politician (d. 1840)
    • 1780 – Elizabeth Fry, English prison reformer, philanthropist and Quaker (d. 1845)
    • 1790 – William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire, English politician, Lord Chamberlain of the Household (d. 1858)
    • 1792 – Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1843)
    • 1799 – Mary Anning, English paleontologist (d. 1847)
    • 1801 – Princess Sophie of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1865)
    • 1806 – Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland, English duchess (d. 1868)
    • 1808 – David de Jahacob Lopez Cardozo, Dutch Talmudist (d. 1890)
    • 1827 – William P. Sprague, American banker and politician (d. 1899)
    • 1828 – Rudolf Koller, Swiss painter (d. 1905)
    • 1835 – František Chvostek, Czech-Austrian physician and academic (d. 1884)
    • 1837 – Itagaki Taisuke, Japanese soldier and politician (d. 1919)
    • 1843 – Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss lawyer and politician, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
    • 1843 – Louis Renault, French jurist, educator, and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918)
    • 1844 – Henri Rousseau, French painter (d. 1910)
    • 1850 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian priest and volcanologist (d. 1914)
    • 1851 – Léon Bourgeois, French police officer and politician, 64th Prime Minister of France, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1925)
    • 1853 – Jacques Marie Eugène Godefroy Cavaignac, French politician (d. 1905)
    • 1856 – José Batlle y Ordóñez, Uruguayan journalist and politician, President of Uruguay (d. 1929)
    • 1860 – Willem Einthoven, Indonesian-Dutch physician, physiologist, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
    • 1861 – Abel Ayerza, Argentinian physician and academic (d. 1918)
    • 1863 – Archduke Eugen of Austria (d. 1954)
    • 1864 – Princess Stéphanie of Belgium (d. 1945)
    • 1873 – Hans Berger, German neurologist and academic (d. 1941)
    • 1878 – Glenn Curtiss, American cyclist and engineer (d. 1930)
    • 1880 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1967)
    • 1884 – Manuel Pérez y Curis, Uruguayan poet and publisher (d. 1920)
    • 1885 – Princess Sophie of Albania, (Princess Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg) (d. 1936)
    • 1893 – Arthur Carr, English cricketer (d. 1963)
    • 1893 – Giles Chippindall, Australian public servant (d. 1969)
    • 1895 – Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexican general, president (1934–1940) and father of Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas (d. 1970)
    • 1898 – Armand Hammer, American physician and businessman, founded Occidental Petroleum (d. 1990)
    • 1898 – Charles Léon Hammes, Luxembourgian lawyer and judge (d. 1967)
    • 1898 – Carl Johnson, American long jumper (d. 1932)
    • 1898 – John McLaughlin, American painter and translator (d. 1976)
    • 1901 – Regina M. Anderson, Multiracial playwright and librarian (d. 1993)
    • 1901 – Horace Heidt, American pianist, bandleader, and radio host (d. 1986)
    • 1901 – Sam Jaffe, American film producer and agent (d. 2000)
    • 1901 – Suzanne Lilar, Belgian author and playwright (d. 1992)
    • 1902 – Earl Averill, American baseball player (d. 1983)
    • 1902 – Marcel Breuer, Hungarian-American architect and academic, designed the Ameritrust Tower (d. 1981)
    • 1902 – Anatole Litvak, Ukrainian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1974)
    • 1903 – Manly Wade Wellman, American author (d. 1986)
    • 1904 – Robert Montgomery, American actor and director (d. 1981)
    • 1904 – Fats Waller, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1943)
    • 1907 – John C. Allen, American roller coaster designer (d. 1979)
    • 1912 – Chen Dayu, Chinese painter and calligrapher (d. 2001)
    • 1912 – John Curtis Gowan, American psychologist and academic (d. 1986)
    • 1912 – Monty Stratton, American baseball player and coach (d. 1982)
    • 1913 – Gina Bachauer, Greek pianist and composer (d. 1976)
    • 1915 – Cathleen Cordell, American actress (d. 1997)
    • 1915 – Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan, Indian Civil Service Officer and former Under Secretary-General of the UN (d. 2003)
    • 1916 – Dennis Day, American singer and actor (d. 1988)
    • 1916 – Tinus Osendarp, Dutch sprinter and police officer (d. 2002)
    • 1916 – Harold Robbins, American author and screenwriter (d. 1997)
    • 1917 – Raymond Burr, Canadian-American actor and director (d. 1993)
    • 1918 – Anthony Steel, English actor and singer (d. 2001)
    • 1919 – George P. Mitchell, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2013)
    • 1920 – Bill Barber, American tuba player and educator (d. 2007)
    • 1920 – Forrest White, American businessman, co-founded the Music Man Company (d. 1994)
    • 1921 – Sandy Douglas, English computer scientist and academic, designed OXO (d. 2010)
    • 1921 – Andrei Sakharov, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
    • 1923 – Vernon Biever, American photographer (d. 2010)
    • 1923 – Armand Borel, Swiss-American mathematician and academic (d. 2003)
    • 1923 – Ara Parseghian, American football player and coach (d. 2017)
    • 1923 – Dorothy Hewett, Australian feminist poet, novelist and playwright (d. 2002)
    • 1923 – Evelyn Ward, American actress (d. 2012)
    • 1924 – Peggy Cass, American actress, comedian, and game show panelist (d. 1999)
    • 1926 – Robert Creeley, American novelist, essayist, and poet (d. 2005)
    • 1927 – Kay Kendall, English actress and comedian (d. 1959)
    • 1927 – Péter Zwack, Hungarian businessman and diplomat (d. 2012)
    • 1928 – Tom Donahue, American radio host and producer (d. 1975)
    • 1928 – Alice Drummond, American actress (d. 2016)
    • 1929 – Larance Marable, American drummer (d. 2012)
    • 1929 – Robert Welch, English silversmith and industrial designer (d. 2000)
    • 1930 – Tommy Bryant, American bassist (d. 1982)
    • 1930 – Keith Davis, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2019)
    • 1930 – Malcolm Fraser, Australian politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2015)
    • 1932 – Inese Jaunzeme, Latvian javelin thrower and surgeon (d. 2011)
    • 1932 – Leonidas Vasilikopoulos, Greek admiral and intelligence chief (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Maurice André, French trumpet player (d. 2012)
    • 1933 – Yevgeny Minayev, Russian weightlifter (d. 1993)
    • 1934 – Jocasta Innes, Chinese-English journalist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1934 – Bob Northern, American horn player and bandleader
    • 1934 – Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1935 – Terry Lightfoot, English clarinet player and bandleader (d. 2013)
    • 1936 – Günter Blobel, Polish-American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
    • 1938 – Lee “Shot” Williams, American singer (d. 2011)
    • 1939 – Heinz Holliger, Swiss oboist, composer, and conductor
    • 1940 – Tony Sheridan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
    • 1941 – Martin Carthy, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1941 – Bobby Cox, American baseball player and manager
    • 1941 – Ambrose Greenway, 4th Baron Greenway, English photographer and politician
    • 1941 – Ronald Isley, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1942 – David Hunt, Baron Hunt of Wirral, English politician, Secretary of State for Wales
    • 1942 – John Konrads, Australian swimmer
    • 1942 – Danny Ongais, American race car driver
    • 1943 – Vincent Crane, English pianist and composer (d. 1989)
    • 1943 – John Dalton, English bass player
    • 1943 – Hilton Valentine, English guitarist and songwriter
    • 1944 – Haleh Afshar, Baroness Afshar, Iranian-English academic and politician
    • 1944 – Marcie Blane, American singer
    • 1944 – Janet Dailey, American author and entrepreneur (d. 2013)
    • 1944 – Mary Robinson, Irish lawyer and politician, 7th President of Ireland
    • 1945 – Ernst Messerschmid, German physicist and astronaut
    • 1945 – Richard Hatch, American actor, writer, and producer (d. 2017)
    • 1946 – Allan McKeown, English-American screenwriter and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1946 – Wayne Roycroft, Australian equestrian rider and coach
    • 1947 – Bill Champlin, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1947 – Linda Laubenstein, American physician and academic (d. 1992)
    • 1947 – İlber Ortaylı, Turkish historian and academic
    • 1948 – Elizabeth Buchan, English author and critic
    • 1948 – Joe Camilleri, Maltese-Australian singer-songwriter and saxophonist
    • 1948 – Jonathan Hyde, Australian-English actor
    • 1948 – Denis MacShane, Scottish journalist and politician, UK Minister of State for Europe
    • 1948 – Leo Sayer, English-Australian singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1949 – Andrew Neil, Scottish journalist and academic
    • 1949 – Denis O’Connor, British police officer
    • 1949 – Rosalind Plowright, English soprano
    • 1950 – Will Hutton, English economist and journalist
    • 1951 – Al Franken, American actor, screenwriter, and politician
    • 1951 – Adrian Hardiman, Irish lawyer and judge (d. 2016)
    • 1952 – Mr. T, American actor and wrestler
    • 1953 – Nora Aunor, Filipino actress and recording artist
    • 1954 – D. B. S. Jeyaraj, Sri Lankan-Canadian journalist and blogger
    • 1954 – Janice Karman, American film producer, record producer, singer, and voice actress
    • 1954 – Marc Ribot, American guitarist and composer
    • 1955 – Paul Barber, English field hockey player
    • 1955 – Stan Lynch, American drummer, songwriter, and producer
    • 1957 – James Bailey, American basketball player
    • 1957 – Nadine Dorries, English nurse and politician
    • 1957 – Judge Reinhold, American actor and producer
    • 1957 – Renée Soutendijk, Dutch actress
    • 1958 – Christian Audigier, French fashion designer (d. 2015)
    • 1958 – Muffy Calder, Canadian-Scottish computer scientist and academic
    • 1958 – Michael Crick, English journalist and author
    • 1958 – Naeem Khan, Indian-American fashion designer
    • 1958 – Jefery Levy, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1959 – Nick Cassavetes, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1959 – Abdulla Yameen, Maldivian politician, 6th President of the Maldives
    • 1960 – Jeffrey Dahmer, American serial killer (d. 1994)
    • 1960 – Kent Hrbek, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1960 – Mohanlal, Indian actor
    • 1960 – Mark Ridgway, Australian cricketer
    • 1960 – Vladimir Salnikov, Russian swimmer
    • 1962 – David Crumb, American composer and educator
    • 1963 – Richard Appel, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1963 – Patrick Grant, American musician and producer
    • 1963 – David Lonsdale, English actor
    • 1964 – Pete Sandoval, Salvadoran-American drummer
    • 1963 – Kevin Shields, American-Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1963 – Dave Specter, American guitarist
    • 1963 – Laurie Spina, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
    • 1964 – Danny Bailey, English footballer and coach
    • 1965 – Josh Richman, American actor and producer
    • 1966 – Lisa Edelstein, American actress and playwright
    • 1966 – Tatyana Ledovskaya, Belarusian hurdler
    • 1967 – Chris Benoit, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2007)
    • 1968 – Ilmar Raag, Estonian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1968 – Matthias Ungemach, German-Australian rower
    • 1968 – Julie Vega, Filipino actress and singer (d. 1985)
    • 1969 – Pierluigi Brivio, Italian footballer
    • 1969 – Georgiy Gongadze, Georgian-Ukrainian journalist and director (d. 2000)
    • 1969 – Masayo Kurata, Japanese voice actress and singer
    • 1969 – George LeMieux, American lawyer and politician
    • 1969 – Brian Statham, Rhodesian born English footballer, defender and manager
    • 1970 – Brigita Bukovec, Slovenian hurdler
    • 1970 – Dorsey Levens, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1970 – Pauline Menczer, Australian surfer
    • 1970 – Carl Veart, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1972 – The Notorious B.I.G., American rapper (d. 1997)
    • 1973 – Stewart Cink, American golfer
    • 1973 – Noel Fielding, English comedian, musician and television presenter
    • 1974 – Brad Arthur, Australian rugby league coach
    • 1974 – Fairuza Balk, American actress
    • 1974 – Aditi Gowitrikar, Indian model, actress, and physician, Mrs. World 2001
    • 1974 – Havoc, American rapper and producer
    • 1975 – Anthony Mundine, Australian rugby league player and boxer
    • 1976 – Stuart Bingham, English snooker player
    • 1976 – Abderrahim Goumri, Moroccan runner (d. 2013)
    • 1976 – Deron Miller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1977 – Quinton Fortune, South African international footballer midfielder and coach
    • 1977 – Michael Fuß, German footballer
    • 1977 – Ricky Williams, American football player and coach
    • 1978 – Max B, American rapper and songwriter
    • 1978 – Briana Banks, German-American porn actress and model
    • 1978 – Jamaal Magloire, Canadian basketball player and coach
    • 1979 – Damián Ariel Álvarez, Argentinian-Mexican footballer
    • 1979 – Jamie Hepburn, Scottish politician, Minister for Sport, Health Improvement and Mental Health
    • 1979 – James Clancy Phelan, Australian author and academic
    • 1979 – Scott Smith, American mixed martial artist
    • 1979 – Sonja Vectomov, Czech musician/composer
    • 1980 – Gotye, Belgian-Australian singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Craig Anderson, American ice hockey player
    • 1981 – Edson Buddle, American soccer player
    • 1981 – Josh Hamilton, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Maximilian Mutzke, German singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Anna Rogowska, Polish pole vaulter
    • 1983 – Līga Dekmeijere, Latvian tennis player
    • 1983 – Deidson Araújo Maia, Brazilian footballer
    • 1983 – Kaori Shimizu, Japanese voice actress and singer
    • 1984 – Brandon Fields, American football player
    • 1984 – Sara Goller, German volleyball player
    • 1984 – Syamsul Yusof, Malaysian actor, film director, scriptwriter, film producer, rapper and singer
    • 1985 – Mutya Buena, English singer-songwriter
    • 1985 – Alison Carroll, English gymnast, model, and actress
    • 1985 – Mark Cavendish, Manx cyclist
    • 1985 – Alexander Dale Oen, Norwegian swimmer (d. 2012)
    • 1985 – Isa Guha, English cricketer
    • 1985 – Lucie Hradecká, Czech tennis player
    • 1985 – Kano, English rapper, producer, and actor
    • 1985 – Dušan Kuciak, Slovak footballer
    • 1985 – Heath L’Estrange, Australian rugby league player
    • 1985 – Andrew Miller, American baseball player
    • 1986 – Mario Mandžukić, Croatian footballer
    • 1986 – Myra, American singer and actress
    • 1986 – Eder Sánchez, Mexican race walker
    • 1986 – Park Sojin, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1986 – Greg Stewart, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Beau Falloon, Australian rugby league player
    • 1988 – Claire Cashmore, English Paralympic swimmer
    • 1988 – Park Gyu-ri, South Korean singer
    • 1988 – Jonny Howson, English footballer
    • 1988 – Kaire Leibak, Estonian triple jumper
    • 1989 – Emily Robins, New Zealand actress and singer
    • 1989 – Hal Robson-Kanu, English footballer
    • 1990 – Kierre Beckles, Barbadian athlete
    • 1990 – Rene Krhin, Slovenian footballer
    • 1991 – Guilherme, Brazilian footballer
    • 1992 – Hutch Dano, American actor
    • 1992 – Lisa Evans, Scottish footballer
    • 1992 – Philipp Grüneberg, German footballer
    • 1992 – Olivia Olson, American singer and actress
    • 1993 – Grete Gaim, Estonian biathlete
    • 1993 – Luke Garbutt, English footballer, left-back
    • 1994 – Tom Daley, English diver
    • 1995 – Katharina Andresen, Norwegian heiress and equestrian
    • 1995 – Diego Loyzaga, Filipino actor
    • 1996 – Josh Allen, American footballer
    • 1996 – Indy de Vroome, Dutch tennis player
    • 1996 – Karen Khachanov, Russian tennis player
    • 1997 – Ivan De Santis, Italian footballer
    • 1997 – Sisca Folkertsma, Dutch footballer
    • 1997 – Viktoria Petryk, Ukrainian singer-songwriter

    Deaths on May 21

    • 252 – Sun Quan, Chinese emperor of Eastern Wu (b. 182)
    • 954 – Feng Dao, Chinese prince and chancellor (b. 882)
    • 987 – Louis V, king of West Francia (b. c. 966)
    • 1075 – Richeza of Poland, queen of Hungary (b. 1013)
    • 1086 – Wang Anshi, Chinese statesman and poet (b. 1021)
    • 1237 – Olaf the Black, Manx son of Godred II Olafsson
    • 1254 – Conrad IV, king of Germany (b. 1228)
    • 1416 – Anna of Celje, queen consort of Poland (b. 1386)
    • 1471 – Henry VI, king of England (b. 1421)
    • 1481 – Christian I, king of Denmark (b. 1426)
    • 1512 – Pandolfo Petrucci, Italian ruler (b. 1452)
    • 1524 – Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English soldier and politician, Lord High Treasurer (b. 1443)
    • 1542 – Hernando de Soto, Spanish-American explorer (b. 1496)
    • 1563 – Martynas Mažvydas, Lithuanian writer (b. 1510)
    • 1607 – John Rainolds, English scholar and academic (b. 1549)
    • 1619 – Hieronymus Fabricius, Italian anatomist (b. 1537)
    • 1639 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian astrologer, theologian, and poet (b. 1568)
    • 1647 – Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Dutch poet and playwright (b. 1581)
    • 1650 – James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, Scottish general and politician (b. 1612)
    • 1664 – Elizabeth Poole, English settler, founded Taunton, Massachusetts (b. 1588)
    • 1670 – Niccolò Zucchi, Italian astronomer and physicist (b. 1586)
    • 1686 – Otto von Guericke, German physicist and inventor of the Magdeburg Hemispheres (b. 1602)
    • 1690 – John Eliot, English-American minister and missionary (b. 1604)
    • 1719 – Pierre Poiret, French mystic and philosopher (b. 1646)
    • 1724 – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1661)
    • 1742 – Lars Roberg, Swedish physician and academic (b. 1664)
    • 1762 – Alexander Joseph Sulkowski, Polish and Saxon general (b. 1695)
    • 1771 – Christopher Smart, English actor, playwright, and poet (b. 1722)
    • 1786 – Carl Wilhelm Scheele, German-Swedish chemist and pharmacist (b. 1742)
    • 1790 – Thomas Warton, English poet and critic (b. 1728)
    • 1810 – Chevalier d’Eon, French diplomat and spy (b. 1728)
    • 1844 – Giuseppe Baini, Italian priest and composer (b. 1775)
    • 1858 – José de la Riva Agüero, Peruvian soldier and politician, 1st President of Peru and 2nd President of North Peru (b. 1783)
    • 1862 – John Drew, Irish-American actor and manager (b. 1827)
    • 1879 – Arturo Prat, Chilean lawyer and commander (b. 1848)
    • 1894 – Émile Henry, French anarchist (b. 1872)
    • 1894 – August Kundt, German physicist and academic (b. 1839)
    • 1895 – Franz von Suppé, Austrian composer and conductor (b. 1819)
    • 1901 – Joseph Olivier, French rugby player (b. 1874)
    • 1911 – Williamina Fleming, Scottish-American astronomer and academic (b. 1857)
    • 1915 – Leonid Gobyato, Russian general and engineer (b. 1875)
    • 1919 – Evgraf Fedorov, Russian mathematician, crystallographer, and mineralogist (b. 1853)
    • 1920 – Venustiano Carranza, Mexican politician, 54th President of Mexico (b. 1859)
    • 1925 – Hidesaburō Ueno, Japanese agriculturalist, guardian of Hachikō (b. 1871)
    • 1926 – Ronald Firbank, English-Italian author (b. 1886)
    • 1929 – Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1847)
    • 1932 – Marcel Boulenger, French fencer and author (b. 1873)
    • 1935 – Jane Addams, American activist and author, co-founded Hull House, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860)
    • 1935 – Hugo de Vries, Dutch botanist and geneticist (b. 1848)
    • 1940 – Billy Minter, English footballer and manager (b. 1888)
    • 1949 – Klaus Mann, German-American novelist, playwright, and critic (b. 1906)
    • 1952 – John Garfield, American actor (b. 1913)
    • 1956 – Harry Bensley, English businessman and adventurer (b. 1877)
    • 1957 – Alexander Vertinsky, Ukrainian-Russian singer-songwriter, actor, and poet (b. 1889)
    • 1964 – James Franck, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)
    • 1965 – Marguerite Bise, French chef (b. 1898)
    • 1965 – Geoffrey de Havilland, English pilot and engineer, designed the de Havilland Mosquito (b. 1882)
    • 1968 – Doris Lloyd, English actress (b. 1896)
    • 1970 – E. L. Grant Watson, English-Australian biologist and author (b. 1885)
    • 1973 – Vaughn Monroe, American singer, trumpet player, bandleader, and actor (b. 1911)
    • 1973 – Ivan Konev, Soviet Marshal and general (b. 1897)
    • 1981 – Raymond McCreesh, PIRA volunteer (b. 1957)
    • 1981 – Patsy O’Hara, INLA volunteer (b. 1957)
    • 1983 – Kenneth Clark, English historian and author (b. 1903)
    • 1984 – Ann Little, American actress (b. 1891)
    • 1988 – Sammy Davis Sr., American actor and dancer (b. 1900)
    • 1991 – Lino Brocka, Filipino director and screenwriter (b. 1939)
    • 1991 – Rajiv Gandhi, Indian politician, 6th Prime Minister of India (b. 1944)
    • 1995 – Les Aspin, American captain and politician, 18th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1938)
    • 1996 – Paul Delph, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1957)
    • 1996 – Lash LaRue, American actor and producer (b. 1917)
    • 1996 – Villem Raam, Estonian art historian, art critic and conservator (b. 1910)
    • 1998 – Robert Gist, American actor and director (b. 1917)
    • 2000 – Barbara Cartland, English author (b. 1901)
    • 2000 – John Gielgud, English actor (b. 1904)
    • 2000 – Mark R. Hughes, American businessman, founded Herbalife (b. 1956)
    • 2002 – Niki de Saint Phalle, French-American sculptor and painter (b. 1930)
    • 2003 – Alejandro de Tomaso, Argentinian-Italian race car driver and businessman, founded De Tomaso (b. 1928)
    • 2003 – Frank D. White, American captain, banker, and politician, 41st Governor of Arkansas (b. 1933)
    • 2005 – Deborah Berger, American outsider artist (b. 1956)
    • 2005 – Stephen Elliott, American actor (b. 1918)
    • 2005 – Howard Morris, American actor and director (b. 1919)
    • 2006 – Spencer Clark, American race car driver (b. 1987)
    • 2006 – Katherine Dunham, American dancer, choreographer, and author (b. 1909)
    • 2006 – Cherd Songsri, Thai director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
    • 2006 – Billy Walker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1929)
    • 2012 – Eddie Blazonczyk, American singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
    • 2012 – Otis Clark, American butler and preacher, survivor of the Tulsa race riot (b. 1903)
    • 2012 – Constantine of Irinoupolis, Metropolitan of Irinoupolis and Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Roman Dumbadze, Georgian commander (b. 1964)
    • 2012 – Douglas Rodríguez, Cuban boxer (b. 1950)
    • 2012 – Bill Stewart, American football player and coach (b. 1952)
    • 2012 – Alan Thorne, Australian anthropologist and academic (b. 1939)
    • 2013 – Count Christian of Rosenborg, member of the Danish royal family (b. 1942)
    • 2013 – Frank Comstock, American trombonist, composer, and conductor (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Cot Deal, American baseball player and coach (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – Mohammad Khaled Hossain, Bangladeshi mountaineer (b. 1979)
    • 2013 – Leonard Marsh, American businessman, co-founded Snapple (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Bob Thompson, American pianist and composer (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Dominique Venner, French journalist and historian (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – David Voelker, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1953)
    • 2014 – Tunku Annuar, Malaysian son of Badlishah of Kedah (b. 1939)
    • 2014 – Evelyn Blackmon, American businesswoman and politician (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Johnny Gray, American baseball player (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – Jaime Lusinchi, Venezuelan physician and politician, President of Venezuela (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Alireza Soleimani, Iranian wrestler (b. 1956)
    • 2015 – Annarita Sidoti, Italian race walker (b. 1969)
    • 2015 – Twinkle, English singer-songwriter (b. 1948)
    • 2015 – Jassem Al-Kharafi, Kuwaiti businessman and politician, 8th Kuwaiti Speaker of the National Assembly (b. 1940)
    • 2015 – Fred Gladding, American baseball player and coach (b. 1936)
    • 2015 – Louis Johnson, American bass player and producer (b. 1955)
    • 2016 – Nick Menza, American drummer and songwriter (b. 1964)
    • 2019 – Rik Kuypers, Belgian film director (b. 1925)
    • 2019 – Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan writer (b. 1971)
    • 2020 – Alan Merten, fifth President of George Mason University (b. 1941)

    Holidays and observances on May 21

    • Afro-Colombian Day (Colombia)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Arcangelo Tadini
      • Blessed Adílio Daronch and Manuel Gómez González
      • Blessed Franz Jägerstätter
      • Earliest day on which Corpus Christi can fall, while June 24 is the latest; held on Thursday after Trinity Sunday (often locally moved to Sunday). (Roman Catholic Church)
      • Emperor Constantine I
      • Eugène de Mazenod
      • Helena of Constantinople, also known as “Feast of the Holy Great Sovereigns Constantine and Helen, Equal-to-the-Apostles.” (Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Communion)
      • John Elliot (Episcopal Church)
      • Saints of the Cristero War, including Christopher Magallanes
      • May 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Circassian Day of Mourning (Circassians)
    • Day of Patriots and Military (Hungary)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the Montenegrin independence referendum in 2006, celebrated until the next day. (Montenegro)
    • Navy Day (Chile)
    • Saint Helena Day, celebrates the discovery of Saint Helena in 1502. (Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha)
    • World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development (International)
    • International Tea Day (International)
  • |

    April 27 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 33 BC – Lucius Marcius Philippus, step-brother to the future emperor Augustus, celebrates a triumph for his victories while serving as governor in one of the provinces of Hispania.
    • 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of the more powerful Roman empresses of Late Antiquity.
    • 629 – Shahrbaraz is crowned as king of the Sasanian Empire.
    • 711 – Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus).
    • 1296 – First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol’s Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar.
    • 1509 – Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict.
    • 1521 – Battle of Mactan: Explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines led by chief Lapu-Lapu.
    • 1522 – Combined forces of Spain and the Papal States defeat a French and Venetian army at the Battle of Bicocca.
    • 1539 – Re-founding of the city of Bogotá, New Granada (now Colombia), by Nikolaus Federmann and Sebastián de Belalcázar.
    • 1565 – Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
    • 1578 – Duel of the Mignons claims the lives of two favourites of Henry III of France and two favorites of Henry I, Duke of Guise.
    • 1595 – The relics of Saint Sava are incinerated in Belgrade on the Vračar plateau by Ottoman Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha; the site of the incineration is now the location of the Church of Saint Sava, one of the largest Orthodox churches in the world.
    • 1650 – The Battle of Carbisdale: A Royalist army from Orkney invades mainland Scotland but is defeated by a Covenanter army.
    • 1667 – Blind and impoverished, John Milton sells Paradise Lost to a printer for £10, so that it could be entered into the Stationers’ Register.
    • 1777 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Ridgefield: A British invasion force engages and defeats Continental Army regulars and militia irregulars at Ridgefield, Connecticut.
    • 1805 – First Barbary War: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (The “shores of Tripoli” part of the Marines’ Hymn).
    • 1813 – War of 1812: American troops capture York, the capital of Upper Canada, in the Battle of York.
    • 1861 – American President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus.
    • 1865 – The New York State Senate creates Cornell University as the state’s land grant institution.
    • 1906 – The State Duma of the Russian Empire meets for the first time.
    • 1909 – Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.
    • 1911 – Following the resignation and death of William P. Frye, a compromise is reached to rotate the office of President pro tempore of the United States Senate.
    • 1927 – Carabineros de Chile (Chilean national police force and gendarmerie) are created.
    • 1936 – The United Auto Workers (UAW) gains autonomy from the American Federation of Labor.
    • 1941 – World War II: German troops enter Athens.
    • 1941 – World War II: The Communist Party of Slovenia, the Slovene Christian Socialists, the left-wing Slovene Sokols (also known as “National Democrats”) and a group of progressive intellectuals establish the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation.
    • 1945 – World War II: The last German formations withdraw from Finland to Norway. The Lapland War and thus, World War II in Finland, comes to an end and the Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn photograph is taken.
    • 1945 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is arrested by Italian partisans in Dongo, while attempting escape disguised as a German soldier.
    • 1953 – Operation Moolah offers $50,000 to any pilot who defected with a fully mission-capable Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 to South Korea. The first pilot was to receive $100,000.
    • 1960 – Togo gains independence from French-administered UN trusteeship.
    • 1961 – Sierra Leone is granted its independence from the United Kingdom, with Milton Margai as the first Prime Minister.
    • 1967 – Expo 67 officially opens in Montreal, Quebec, Canada with a large opening ceremony broadcast around the world. It opens to the public the next day.
    • 1974 – Ten thousand march in Washington, D.C., calling for the impeachment of U.S. President Richard Nixon.
    • 1978 – Former United States President Nixon aide John D. Ehrlichman is released from an Arizona prison after serving 18 months for Watergate-related crimes.
    • 1978 – The Saur Revolution begins in Afghanistan, ending the following morning with the murder of Afghan President Mohammed Daoud Khan and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
    • 1981 – Xerox PARC introduces the computer mouse.
    • 1986 – The city of Pripyat and surrounding areas are evacuated due to Chernobyl disaster.
    • 1987 – The U.S. Department of Justice bars Austrian President Kurt Waldheim (and his wife, Elisabeth, who had also been a Nazi) from entering the US, charging that he had aided in the deportations and executions of thousands of Jews and others as a German Army officer during World War II.
    • 1989 – The April 27 demonstrations, student-led protests responding to the April 26 Editorial, during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
    • 1992 – The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, comprising Serbia and Montenegro, is proclaimed.
    • 1992 – Betty Boothroyd becomes the first woman to be elected Speaker of the British House of Commons in its 700-year history.
    • 1992 – The Russian Federation and 12 other former Soviet republics become members of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
    • 1993 – Most of the Zambia national football team lose their lives in a plane crash off Libreville, Gabon en route to Dakar, Senegal to play a 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifying match against Senegal.
    • 1994 – South African general election: The first democratic general election in South Africa, in which black citizens could vote. The Interim Constitution comes into force.
    • 2005 – Airbus A380 aircraft had its maiden test flight.
    • 2006 – Construction begins on the Freedom Tower (later renamed One World Trade Center) in New York City.
    • 2007 – Estonian authorities remove the Bronze Soldier, a Soviet Red Army war memorial in Tallinn, amid political controversy with Russia.
    • 2007 – Israeli archaeologists discover the tomb of Herod the Great south of Jerusalem.
    • 2011 – The 2011 Super Outbreak devastates parts of the Southeastern United States, especially the states of Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Tennessee. 205 tornadoes touched down on April 27 alone, killing more than 300 and injuring hundreds more.
    • 2012 – At least four explosions hit the Ukrainian city of Dnipropetrovsk with at least 27 people injured.
    • 2018 – The Panmunjom Declaration is signed between North and South Korea, officially declaring their intentions to end the Korean conflict.

    Births on April 27

    • 85 BC – Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, Roman politician and general (d. 43 BC)
    • 1468 – Frederick Jagiellon, Primate of Poland (d. 1503)
    • 1564 – Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1632)
    • 1556 – François Béroalde de Verville, French writer (d. 1626)
    • 1593 – Mumtaz Mahal, Mughal empress buried at the Taj Mahal (d. 1631)
    • 1650 – Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen Consort of Denmark (1670-1699) (d. 1714)
    • 1654 – Charles Blount, English deist and philosopher (d. 1693)
    • 1701 – Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (d. 1773)
    • 1718 – Thomas Lewis, Irish-born American surveyor and lawyer (d. 1790)
    • 1748 – Adamantios Korais, Greek-French philosopher and scholar (d. 1833)
    • 1755 – Marc-Antoine Parseval, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1836)
    • 1759 – Mary Wollstonecraft, English philosopher, historian, and novelist (d. 1797)
    • 1788 – Charles Robert Cockerell, English architect, archaeologist, and writer (d. 1863)
    • 1791 – Samuel Morse, American painter and inventor, co-invented the Morse code (d. 1872)
    • 1812 – William W. Snow, American lawyer and politician (d. 1886)
    • 1812 – Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (d. 1883)
    • 1820 – Herbert Spencer, English biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and philosopher (d. 1903)
    • 1822 – Ulysses S. Grant, American general and politician, 18th President of the United States (d. 1885)
    • 1840 – Edward Whymper, English-French mountaineer, explorer, author, and illustrator (d. 1911)
    • 1848 – Otto of Bavaria (d. 1916)
    • 1850 – Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German general and politician (d. 1921)
    • 1853 – Jules Lemaître, French playwright and critic (d. 1914)
    • 1857 – Theodor Kittelsen, Norwegian painter and illustrator (d. 1914)
    • 1861 – William Arms Fisher, American composer and music historian (d. 1948)
    • 1866 – Maurice Raoul-Duval, French polo player (d. 1916)
    • 1875 – Frederick Fane, Irish-born, English cricketer (d. 1960)
    • 1880 – Mihkel Lüdig, Estonian organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1958)
    • 1882 – Jessie Redmon Fauset, American author and poet (d. 1961)
    • 1887 – Warren Wood, American golfer (d. 1926)
    • 1888 – Florence La Badie, Canadian actress (d. 1917)
    • 1891 – Sergei Prokofiev, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1953)
    • 1893 – Draža Mihailović, Serbian general (d. 1946)
    • 1893 – Allen Sothoron, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1939)
    • 1894 – George Petty, American painter and illustrator (d. 1975)
    • 1894 – Nicolas Slonimsky, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1995)
    • 1896 – Rogers Hornsby, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1963)
    • 1896 – William Hudson, New Zealand-Australian engineer (d. 1978)
    • 1896 – Wallace Carothers, American chemist and inventor of nylon (d. 1937)
    • 1898 – Ludwig Bemelmans, Italian-American author and illustrator (d. 1962)
    • 1899 – Walter Lantz, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and actor (d. 1994)
    • 1900 – August Koern, Estonian politician and diplomat, Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs in exile (d. 1989)
    • 1902 – Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté, Malian educator and activist (d. 1942)
    • 1904 – Cecil Day-Lewis, Anglo-Irish poet and author (d. 1972)
    • 1904 – Nikos Zachariadis, Greek politician (d. 1973)
    • 1905 – John Kuck, American javelin thrower and shot putter (d. 1986)
    • 1906 – Yiorgos Theotokas, Greek author and playwright (d. 1966)
    • 1910 – Chiang Ching-kuo, Chinese politician, 3rd President of the Republic of China (d. 1988)
    • 1911 – Bruno Beger, German anthropologist and ethnologist (d. 2009)
    • 1911 – Chris Berger, Dutch sprinter and footballer (d. 1965)
    • 1912 – Jacques de Bourbon-Busset, French author and politician (d. 2001)
    • 1912 – Zohra Sehgal, Indian actress, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014)
    • 1913 – Philip Abelson, American physicist and author (d. 2004)
    • 1913 – Irving Adler, American mathematician, author, and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1913 – Luz Long, German long jumper and soldier (d. 1943)
    • 1916 – Robert Hugh McWilliams, Jr., American sergeant, lawyer, and judge (d. 2013)
    • 1916 – Enos Slaughter, American baseball player and manager (d. 2002)
    • 1917 – Roman Matsov, Estonian violinist, pianist, and conductor (d. 2001)
    • 1918 – Sten Rudholm, Swedish lawyer and jurist (d. 2008)
    • 1920 – Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (d. 1956)
    • 1920 – Mark Krasnosel’skii, Ukrainian mathematician and academic (d. 1997)
    • 1920 – James Robert Mann, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (d. 2010)
    • 1920 – Edwin Morgan, Scottish poet and translator (d. 2010)
    • 1921 – Robert Dhéry, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1922 – Jack Klugman, American actor (d. 2012)
    • 1922 – Sheila Scott, English nurse and pilot (d. 1988)
    • 1923 – Betty Mae Tiger Jumper, Seminole chief (d. 2011)
    • 1924 – Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Derek Chinnery, English broadcaster (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Tim LaHaye, American minister, activist, and author (d. 2016)
    • 1926 – Basil A. Paterson, American lawyer and politician, 59th Secretary of State of New York (d. 2014)
    • 1926 – Alan Reynolds, English painter and educator (d. 2014)
    • 1927 – Coretta Scott King, African-American activist and author (d. 2006)
    • 1927 – Joe Moakley, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (d. 2001)
    • 1929 – Nina Ponomaryova, Russian discus thrower and coach (d. 2016)
    • 1931 – Igor Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist and educator
    • 1932 – Anouk Aimée, French actress
    • 1932 – Pik Botha, South African lawyer, politician, and diplomat, 8th South African Ambassador to the United States (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Casey Kasem, American disc jockey, music historian, radio celebrity, and voice actor; co-created American Top 40 (d. 2014)
    • 1932 – Chuck Knox, American football coach (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Derek Minter, English motorcycle racer (d. 2015)
    • 1932 – Gian-Carlo Rota, Italian-American mathematician and philosopher (d. 1999)
    • 1933 – Peter Imbert, Baron Imbert, English police officer and politician, Lord Lieutenant for Greater London (d. 2017)
    • 1935 – Theodoros Angelopoulos, Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
    • 1935 – Ron Morris, American pole vaulter and coach
    • 1936 – Geoffrey Shovelton, English singer and illustrator (d. 2016)
    • 1937 – Sandy Dennis, American actress (d. 1992)
    • 1937 – Robin Eames, Irish Anglican archbishop
    • 1937 – Richard Perham, English biologist and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Earl Anthony, American bowler and sportscaster (d. 2001)
    • 1938 – Alain Caron, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1986)
    • 1939 – Judy Carne, English actress and comedian (d. 2015)
    • 1939 – Stanisław Dziwisz, Polish cardinal
    • 1941 – Fethullah Gülen, Turkish preacher and theologian
    • 1941 – Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti, Indian archaeologist
    • 1941 – Lee Roy Jordan, American football player
    • 1942 – Ruth Glick, American author
    • 1942 – Jim Keltner, American drummer
    • 1943 – Helmut Marko, Austrian race car driver and manager
    • 1944 – Michael Fish, English meteorologist and journalist
    • 1944 – Cuba Gooding Sr., American singer (d. 2017)
    • 1944 – Herb Pedersen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1945 – Martin Chivers, English footballer and manager
    • 1945 – Jack Deverell, English general
    • 1945 – Helen Hodgman, Scottish-Australian author
    • 1945 – Terry Willesee, Australian journalist and television host
    • 1945 – August Wilson, American author and playwright (d. 2005)
    • 1946 – Franz Roth, German footballer
    • 1947 – G. K. Butterfield, African-American soldier, lawyer, and politician
    • 1947 – Nick Greiner, Hungarian-Australian politician, 37th Premier of New South Wales
    • 1947 – Pete Ham, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
    • 1947 – Keith Magnuson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2003)
    • 1947 – Ann Peebles, American soul singer-songwriter
    • 1948 – Frank Abagnale Jr., American security consultant and criminal
    • 1948 – Josef Hickersberger, Austrian footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1948 – Kate Pierson, American singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1949 – Grant Chapman, Australian businessman and politician
    • 1950 – Jaime Fresnedi, Filipino politician
    • 1950 – Paul Lockyer, Australian journalist (d. 2011)
    • 1951 – Ace Frehley, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1952 – Larry Elder, American lawyer and talk show host
    • 1952 – George Gervin, American basketball player
    • 1952 – Ari Vatanen, Finnish race car driver and politician
    • 1953 – Arielle Dombasle, French-American actress and model
    • 1954 – Frank Bainimarama, Fijian commander and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Fiji
    • 1954 – Herman Edwards, American football player, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1954 – Mark Holden, Australian singer, actor, and lawyer
    • 1955 – Gudrun Berend, German hurdler (d. 2011)
    • 1955 – Eric Schmidt, American engineer and businessman
    • 1956 – Bryan Harvey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
    • 1956 – Jeff Probyn, English rugby player, coach, and manager
    • 1957 – Willie Upshaw, American baseball player and manager
    • 1959 – Sheena Easton, Scottish-American singer-songwriter, actress, and producer
    • 1959 – Marco Pirroni, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1960 – Mike Krushelnyski, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1961 – Andrew Schlafly, American lawyer and activist, founded Conservapedia
    • 1962 – Ángel Comizzo, Argentinian footballer and manager
    • 1962 – Seppo Räty, Finnish javelin thrower and coach
    • 1962 – Im Sang-soo, South Korean director and screenwriter
    • 1962 – Andrew Selous, English soldier and politician
    • 1963 – Russell T Davies, Welsh screenwriter and producer
    • 1965 – Anna Chancellor, English actress
    • 1966 – Peter McIntyre, Australian cricketer
    • 1966 – Yoshihiro Togashi, Japanese illustrator
    • 1967 – Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands
    • 1967 – Tommy Smith, Scottish saxophonist, composer, and educator
    • 1967 – Erik Thomson, Scottish-New Zealand actor
    • 1967 – Jason Whitlock, American football player and journalist
    • 1968 – Dana Milbank, American journalist and author
    • 1969 – Cory Booker, African-American lawyer and politician
    • 1969 – Darcey Bussell, English ballerina
    • 1971 – Olari Elts, Estonian conductor
    • 1972 – Nigel Barker, English photographer and author
    • 1972 – Almedin Civa, Bosnian footballer and coach
    • 1973 – Duško Adamović, Serbian footballer
    • 1973 – Sharlee D’Angelo, Swedish bass player and songwriter
    • 1973 – Sébastien Lareau, Canadian tennis player
    • 1974 – Frank Catalanotto, American baseball player
    • 1974 – Richard Johnson, Australian footballer
    • 1975 – Rabih Abdullah, American football player
    • 1975 – Chris Carpenter, American baseball player and manager
    • 1975 – Pedro Feliz, Dominican baseball player
    • 1975 – Kazuyoshi Funaki, Japanese ski jumper
    • 1976 – Isobel Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter and cellist
    • 1976 – Sally Hawkins, English actress
    • 1976 – Walter Pandiani, Uruguayan footballer
    • 1976 – Faisal Saif, Indian director, screenwriter, and critic
    • 1979 – Will Boyd, American bass player
    • 1979 – Natasha Chokljat, Australian netball player
    • 1979 – Vladimir Kozlov, Ukrainian wrestler
    • 1980 – Sybille Bammer, Austrian tennis player
    • 1980 – Talitha Cummins, Australian journalist
    • 1980 – Christian Lara, Ecuadorian footballer
    • 1981 – Joey Gathright, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Patrik Gerrbrand, Swedish footballer
    • 1982 – François Parisien, Canadian cyclist
    • 1982 – Alexander Widiker, German rugby player
    • 1983 – Ari Graynor, American actress and producer
    • 1983 – Martin Viiask, Estonian basketball player
    • 1984 – Pierre-Marc Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Daniel Holdsworth, Australian rugby league player
    • 1984 – Patrick Stump, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1985 – José António de Miranda da Silva Júnior, Brazilian footballer
    • 1985 – Meselech Melkamu, Ethiopian runner
    • 1986 – Jenna Coleman, English actress
    • 1986 – Hayley Mulheron, Scottish netball player
    • 1986 – Dinara Safina, Russian tennis player
    • 1987 – Taylor Chorney, American ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Elliott Shriane, Australian speed skater
    • 1987 – William Moseley, English actor
    • 1987 – Wang Feifei, Chinese singer and actress
    • 1988 – Joeri Dequevy, Belgian footballer
    • 1988 – Kris Thackray, English footballer
    • 1988 – Semyon Varlamov, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1988 – Lizzo, American singer and rapper
    • 1989 – Lars Bender, German footballer
    • 1989 – Sven Bender, German footballer
    • 1989 – Tim Glasby, Australian rugby league player
    • 1989 – Dmytro Kozban, Ukrainian footballer
    • 1990 – Trude Raad, Norwegian deaf track and field athlete
    • 1991 – Isaac Cuenca, Spanish footballer
    • 1991 – Eric Fukusaki, Peruvian singer
    • 1991 – Lara Gut, Swiss skier
    • 1992 – Keenan Allen, American football player
    • 1994 – Corey Seager, American baseball player
    • 1995 – Nick Kyrgios, Australian tennis player
    • 1997 – Josh Onomah, English footballer

    Deaths on April 27

    • 630 – Ardashir III of Persia (b. 621)
    • 1160 – Rudolf I, Count of Bregenz (b. 1081)
    • 1272 – Zita, Italian saint (b. 1212)
    • 1321 – Nicolò Albertini, Italian cardinal statesman (b. c. 1250)
    • 1353 – Simeon of Moscow, Grand Prince of Moscow and Vladimir
    • 1403 – Maria of Bosnia, Countess of Helfenstein (b. 1335)
    • 1404 – Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1342)
    • 1463 – Isidore of Kiev (b. 1385)
    • 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese sailor and explorer (b. 1480)
    • 1599 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese general (b. 1538)
    • 1605 – Pope Leo XI (b. 1535)
    • 1607 – Edward Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell, Governor of Lecale (b. 1560)
    • 1613 – Robert Abercromby, Scottish priest and missionary (b. 1532)
    • 1656 – Jan van Goyen, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1596)
    • 1694 – John George IV, Elector of Saxony (b. 1668)
    • 1695 – John Trenchard, English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1640)
    • 1702 – Jean Bart, French admiral (b. 1651)
    • 1782 – William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot, English politician, Lord Steward of the Household (b. 1710)
    • 1813 – Zebulon Pike, American general and explorer (b. 1779)
    • 1873 – William Macready, English actor and manager (b. 1793)
    • 1882 – Ralph Waldo Emerson, American poet and philosopher (b. 1803)
    • 1893 – John Ballance, Irish-born New Zealand journalist and politician, 14th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1839)
    • 1896 – Henry Parkes, English-Australian businessman and politician, 7th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1815)
    • 1915 – John Labatt, Canadian businessman (b. 1838)
    • 1915 – Alexander Scriabin, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1872)
    • 1932 – Hart Crane, American poet (b. 1899)
    • 1936 – Karl Pearson, English mathematician and academic (b. 1857)
    • 1937 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian sociologist, linguist, and politician (b. 1891)
    • 1938 – Edmund Husserl, Czech mathematician and philosopher (b. 1859)
    • 1952 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician and statistician (b. 1865)
    • 1961 – Roy Del Ruth, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1893)
    • 1962 – A. K. Fazlul Huq, Bangladeshi-Pakistani lawyer and politician, Pakistani Minister of the Interior (b. 1873)
    • 1965 – Edward R. Murrow, American journalist (b. 1908)
    • 1967 – William Douglas Cook, New Zealand farmer, founded the Eastwoodhill Arboretum (b. 1884)
    • 1969 – René Barrientos, Bolivian soldier, pilot, and politician, 55th President of Bolivia (b. 1919)
    • 1970 – Arthur Shields, Irish rebel and actor (b. 1896)
    • 1972 – Kwame Nkrumah, Ghanaian politician, 1st President of Ghana (b. 1909)
    • 1973 – Carlos Menditeguy, Argentinian race car driver and polo player (b. 1914)
    • 1977 – Stanley Adams, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1915)
    • 1988 – Fred Bear, American hunter and author (b. 1902)
    • 1989 – Konosuke Matsushita, Japanese businessman, founded Panasonic (b. 1894)
    • 1992 – Olivier Messiaen, French organist and composer (b. 1908)
    • 1992 – Gerard K. O’Neill, American physicist and astronomer (b. 1927)
    • 1995 – Katherine DeMille, Canadian-American actress (b. 1911)
    • 1995 – Willem Frederik Hermans, Dutch author, poet, and playwright (b. 1921)
    • 1996 – William Colby, American diplomat, 10th Director of Central Intelligence (b. 1920)
    • 1996 – Gilles Grangier, French director and screenwriter (b. 1911)
    • 1998 – John Bassett, Canadian journalist and politician (b. 1915)
    • 1998 – Carlos Castaneda, Peruvian-American anthropologist and author (b. 1925)
    • 1998 – Anne Desclos, French journalist and author (b. 1907)
    • 1998 – Browning Ross, American runner and soldier (b. 1924)
    • 1999 – Al Hirt, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1922)
    • 1999 – Dale C. Thomson, Canadian historian, author, and academic (b. 1923)
    • 1999 – Cyril Washbrook, English cricketer (b. 1914)
    • 2002 – George Alec Effinger, American author (b. 1947)
    • 2002 – Ruth Handler, American inventor and businesswoman, created the Barbie doll (b. 1916)
    • 2005 – Red Horner, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1909)
    • 2006 – Julia Thorne, American author (b. 1944)
    • 2007 – Mstislav Rostropovich, Russian cellist and conductor (b. 1927)
    • 2009 – Frankie Manning, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1914)
    • 2009 – Woo Seung-yeon, South Korean model and actress (b. 1983)
    • 2009 – Feroz Khan (actor), Indian Actor, Film Director & Producer (b. 1939)
    • 2011 – Marian Mercer, American actress and singer (b. 1935)
    • 2012 – Daniel E. Boatwright, American soldier and politician (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Bill Skowron, American baseball player (b. 1930)
    • 2013 – Aída Bortnik, Argentinian screenwriter (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Lorraine Copeland, Scottish archaeologist (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Antonio Díaz Jurado, Spanish footballer (b. 1969)
    • 2013 – Jérôme Louis Heldring, Dutch journalist and author (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Aloysius Jin Luxian, Chinese bishop (b. 1916)
    • 2013 – Mutula Kilonzo, Kenyan lawyer and politician, Kenyan Minister of Justice (b. 1948)
    • 2014 – Yigal Arnon, Israeli lawyer (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Vujadin Boškov, Serbian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Daniel Colchico, American football player and coach (b. 1935)
    • 2014 – Harry Firth, Australian race car driver and manager (b. 1918)
    • 2015 – Gene Fullmer, American boxer (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – Verne Gagne, American football player, wrestler, and trainer (b. 1926)
    • 2015 – Alexander Rich, American biologist, biophysicist, and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2017 – Vinod Khanna, Indian actor, producer and politician (b. 1946)
    • 2017 – Sadanoyama Shinmatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1938)

    Holidays and observances on April 27

    • Christian feast days:
      • Anthimus of Nicomedia
      • Assicus
      • Floribert of Liège
      • John of Constantinople
      • Liberalis of Treviso
      • Pollio
      • Rafael Arnáiz Barón
      • Virgin of Montserrat
      • Zita
      • April 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of Russian Parliamentarism (Russia)
    • Day of the Uprising Against the Occupying Forces (Slovenia)
    • Flag Day (Moldova)
    • Freedom Day (South Africa)
      • UnFreedom Day (South Africa, unofficial)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Sierra Leone from United Kingdom in 1961.
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Togo from France in 1960.
    • King’s Day (Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten) (celebrated on April 26 if April 27 falls on a Sunday)
    • National Veterans’ Day (Finla

  • April 6 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato (Cato the Younger) at the Battle of Thapsus.
    • 402 – Stilicho defeats the Visigoths under Alaric in the Battle of Pollentia.
    • 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Ayyubids of Egypt capture King Louis IX of France in the Battle of Fariskur.
    • 1320 – The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath.
    • 1327 – The poet Petrarch first sees his idealized love, Laura, in the church of Saint Clare in Avignon.
    • 1385 – John, Master of the Order of Aviz, an illegitimate son of Peter I of Portugal, is made king John I of Portugal.
    • 1453 – Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Istanbul), which falls on May 29.
    • 1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.
    • 1652 – At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town.
    • 1712 – The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 begins near Broadway.
    • 1776 – American Revolutionary War: Ships of the Continental Navy fail in their attempt to capture a Royal Navy dispatch boat.
    • 1782 – King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) establishes the Chakri dynasty.
    • 1793 – During the French Revolution, the Committee of Public Safety becomes the executive organ of the republic.
    • 1808 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America’s first millionaire.
    • 1812 – British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz. This would be the turning point in the Peninsular War against Napoleon-led France.
    • 1814 – Nominal beginning of the Bourbon Restoration; anniversary date that Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba.
    • 1830 – Church of Christ, the original church of the Latter Day Saint movement, is organized by Joseph Smith and others at either Fayette or Manchester, New York.
    • 1841 – U.S. President John Tyler is sworn in, two days after having become President upon William Henry Harrison’s death.
    • 1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, later renamed Community of Christ, is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois.
    • 1861 – First performance of Arthur Sullivan’s debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.
    • 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Shiloh begins: In Tennessee, forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant meet Confederate troops led by General Albert Sidney Johnston.
    • 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sailor’s Creek: Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia fights and loses its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign.
    • 1866 – The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded. It lasts until 1956.
    • 1869 – Celluloid is patented.
    • 1888 – Thomas Green Clemson dies, bequeathing his estate to the State of South Carolina to establish Clemson Agricultural College.
    • 1893 – Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is dedicated by Wilford Woodruff.
    • 1895 – Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London, after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.
    • 1896 – In Athens, the opening of the first modern Olympic Games is celebrated, 1,500 years after the original games are banned by Roman emperor Theodosius I.
    • 1909 – Robert Peary and Matthew Henson become the first people to reach the North Pole; Peary’s claim has been disputed because of failings in his navigational ability.
    • 1911 – During the Battle of Deçiq, Dedë Gjon Luli Dedvukaj, leader of the Malësori Albanians, raises the Albanian flag in the town of Tuzi, Montenegro, for the first time after George Kastrioti (Skanderbeg).
    • 1917 – World War I: The United States declares war on Germany (see President Woodrow Wilson’s address to Congress).
    • 1926 – Varney Airlines makes its first commercial flight (Varney is the root company of United Airlines).
    • 1929 – Huey P. Long, Governor of Louisiana, is impeached by the Louisiana House of Representatives.
    • 1930 – At the end of the Salt March, Gandhi raises a lump of mud and salt and declares, “With this, I am shaking the foundations of the British Empire.”
    • 1936 – Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak: Another tornado from the same storm system as the Tupelo tornado hits Gainesville, Georgia, killing 203.
    • 1941 – World War II: Nazi Germany launches Operation 25 (the invasion of Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Operation Marita (the invasion of Greece).
    • 1945 – World War II: Sarajevo is liberated from German and Croatian forces by the Yugoslav Partisans.
    • 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Slater’s Knoll on Bougainville comes to an end.
    • 1947 – The first Tony Awards are presented for theatrical achievement.
    • 1957 – Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis buys the Hellenic National Airlines (TAE) and founds Olympic Airlines.
    • 1965 – Launch of Early Bird, the first commercial communications satellite to be placed in geosynchronous orbit.
    • 1968 – In Richmond, Indiana’s downtown district, a double explosion kills 41 and injures 150.
    • 1968 – Pierre Elliott Trudeau wins the Liberal Leadership Election, and becomes Prime Minister of Canada soon after.
    • 1970 – Newhall massacre: Four California Highway Patrol officers are killed in a shootout.
    • 1972 – Vietnam War: Easter Offensive: American forces begin sustained air strikes and naval bombardments.
    • 1973 – Launch of Pioneer 11 spacecraft.
    • 1973 – The American League of Major League Baseball begins using the designated hitter.
    • 1974 – The Swedish pop band ABBA wins the Eurovision Song Contest with the song “Waterloo”, launching their international career.
    • 1979 – Student protests break out in Nepal.
    • 1984 – Members of Cameroon’s Republican Guard unsuccessfully attempt to overthrow the government headed by Paul Biya.
    • 1992 – The Bosnian War begins.
    • 1994 – The Rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying Rwandan president Juvénal Habyarimana and Burundian president Cyprien Ntaryamira is shot down.
    • 1997 – In Greene County, Tennessee, the Lillelid murders occurs when a group of young people abduct and kidnap a religious family before shooting them dead on a rural suburban road.
    • 1998 – Nuclear weapons testing: Pakistan tests medium-range missiles capable of reaching India.
    • 1998 – Travelers Group announces an agreement to undertake the $76 billion merger between Travelers and Citicorp, and the merger is completed on October 8, of that year, forming Citibank.
    • 2004 – Rolandas Paksas becomes the first president of Lithuania to be peacefully removed from office by impeachment.
    • 2005 – Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani becomes Iraqi president; Shiite Arab Ibrahim al-Jaafari is named premier the next day.
    • 2008 – The 2008 Egyptian general strike starts led by Egyptian workers later to be adopted by April 6 Youth Movement and Egyptian activists.
    • 2009 – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L’Aquila, Italy, killing 307.
    • 2010 – Maoist rebels kill 76 CRPF officers in Dantewada district, India.
    • 2011 – In San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico, over 193 victims of Los Zetas were exhumed from several mass graves.
    • 2012 – Azawad declares itself independent from the Republic of Mali.
    • 2017 – U.S. military launches 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles at an airbase in Syria. Russia describes the strikes as an “aggression”, adding they significantly damage US-Russia ties.
    • 2018 – A bus carrying the Humboldt Broncos junior ice hockey team collides with a semi-truck in Saskatchewan, Canada, killing 16 people and injuring 13 others.

    Births on April 6

    • 1135 – Maimonides, Jewish philosopher, Torah scholar, physician and astronomer (March 30 also proposed, d. 1204)
    • 1342 – Infanta Maria, Marchioness of Tortosa
    • 1483 – Raphael, Italian painter and architect (d. 1520)
    • 1573 – Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German noble (d. 1643)
    • 1632 – Maria Leopoldine of Austria (d. 1649)
    • 1651 – André Dacier, French scholar and academic (d. 1722)
    • 1660 – Johann Kuhnau, German organist and composer (d. 1722)
    • 1664 – Arvid Horn, Swedish general and politician, Governor of Västerbotten County (d. 1742)
    • 1671 – Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, French poet and playwright (d. 1741)
    • 1672 – André Cardinal Destouches, French composer (d. 1749)
    • 1706 – Louis de Cahusac, French playwright and composer (d. 1759)
    • 1708 – Johann Georg Reutter, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1772)
    • 1725 – Pasquale Paoli, French soldier and politician (d. 1807)
    • 1726 – Gerard Majella, Italian saint (d. 1755)
    • 1741 – Nicolas Chamfort, French author and playwright (d. 1794)
    • 1766 – Wilhelm von Kobell, German painter and educator (d. 1853)
    • 1773 – James Mill, Scottish historian, economist, and philosopher (d. 1836)
    • 1787 – Celestina Cordero, Puerto Rican educator (d. 1862)
    • 1810 – Philip Henry Gosse, English biologist and academic (d. 1888)
    • 1812 – Alexander Herzen, Russian philosopher and author (d. 1870)
    • 1815 – Robert Volkmann, German organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1883)
    • 1818 – Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, Norwegian journalist and poet (d. 1870)
    • 1820 – Nadar, French photographer, journalist, and author (d. 1910)
    • 1823 – Joseph Medill, Canadian-American publisher and politician, 26th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1899)
    • 1824 – George Waterhouse, English-New Zealand politician, 7th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1906)
    • 1826 – Gustave Moreau, French painter and academic (d. 1898)
    • 1844 – William Lyne, Australian politician, 13th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1913)
    • 1851 – Guillaume Bigourdan, French astronomer and academic (d. 1932)
    • 1852 – Will Crooks, English trade unionist and politician (d. 1921)
    • 1855 – Charles Huot, Canadian painter and illustrator (d. 1930)
    • 1857 – Arthur Wesley Dow, American painter and photographer (d. 1922)
    • 1860 – René Lalique, French sculptor and jewellery designer (d. 1945)
    • 1861 – Stanislas de Guaita, French poet and author (d. 1897)
    • 1864 – William Bate Hardy, English biologist and academic (d. 1934)
    • 1866 – Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau, Canadian cardinal (d. 1931)
    • 1869 – Levon Shant, Armenian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1951)
    • 1878 – Erich Mühsam, German author, poet, and playwright (d. 1934)
    • 1881 – Karl Staaf, Swedish pole vaulter and hammer thrower (d. 1953)
    • 1884 – J. G. Parry-Thomas, Welsh race car driver and engineer (d. 1927)
    • 1886 – Athenagoras I of Constantinople (d. 1972)
    • 1886 – Walter Dandy, American physician and neurosurgeon (d. 1946)
    • 1886 – Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, Indian ruler (d. 1967)
    • 1888 – Hans Richter, Swiss painter, illustrator, and director (d. 1976)
    • 1888 – Gerhard Ritter, German historian and academic (d. 1967)
    • 1890 – Anthony Fokker, Dutch engineer and businessman, founded Fokker Aircraft Manufacturer (d. 1939)
    • 1892 – Donald Wills Douglas, Sr., American businessman, founded the Douglas Aircraft Company (d. 1981)
    • 1892 – Lowell Thomas, American journalist and author (d. 1981)
    • 1895 – Dudley Nichols, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1960)
    • 1898 – Jeanne Hébuterne, French painter and author (d. 1920)
    • 1900 – Leo Robin, American composer and songwriter (d. 1984)
    • 1901 – Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian activist (d. 1925)
    • 1902 – Julien Torma, French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1933)
    • 1903 – Mickey Cochrane, American baseball player and manager (d. 1962)
    • 1903 – Harold Eugene Edgerton, American engineer and academic (d. 1990)
    • 1904 – Kurt Georg Kiesinger, German lawyer, politician and Chancellor of Germany (d. 1988)
    • 1904 – Erwin Komenda, Austrian car designer and engineer (d. 1966)
    • 1908 – Marcel-Marie Desmarais, Canadian preacher, missionary, and author (d. 1994)
    • 1909 – William M. Branham, American minister and theologian (d. 1965)
    • 1909 – Hermann Lang, German race car driver (d. 1987)
    • 1910 – Barys Kit, Belarusian-American rocket scientist (d. 2018)
    • 1911 – Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
    • 1913 – Shannon Boyd-Bailey McCune, American geographer and academic (d. 1993)
    • 1915 – Tadeusz Kantor, Polish director, painter, and set designer (d. 1990)
    • 1916 – Phil Leeds, American actor (d. 1998)
    • 1916 – Vincent Ellis McKelvey, American geologist and author (d. 1987)
    • 1917 – Leonora Carrington, English-Mexican painter and author (d. 2011)
    • 1918 – Alfredo Ovando Candía, Bolivian general and politician, 56th President of Bolivia (d. 1982)
    • 1919 – Georgios Mylonas, Greek politician, 11th Greek Minister of Culture (d. 1998)
    • 1920 – Jack Cover, American pilot and physicist, invented the Taser gun (d. 2009)
    • 1920 – Edmond H. Fischer, Swiss-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1921 – Wilbur Thompson, American shot putter (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Gordon Chater, English-Australian comedian and actor (d. 1999)
    • 1923 – Herb Thomas, American race car driver (d. 2000)
    • 1926 – Sergio Franchi, Italian-American singer and actor (d. 1990)
    • 1926 – Gil Kane, Latvian-American author and illustrator (d. 2000)
    • 1926 – Ian Paisley, Northern Irish evangelical minister and politician, 2nd First Minister of Northern Ireland (d. 2014)
    • 1926 – Randy Weston, American jazz pianist and composer (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – Gerry Mulligan, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (d. 1996)
    • 1928 – James Watson, American biologist, geneticist, and zoologist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1929 – Willis Hall, English playwright and author (d. 2005)
    • 1929 – Joi Lansing, American model, actress and nightclub singer (d. 1972)
    • 1929 – André Previn, American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2019)
    • 1931 – Ram Dass, American author and educator (d. 2019)
    • 1931 – Ivan Dixon, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1932 – Connie Broden, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
    • 1932 – Helmut Griem, German actor and director (d. 2004)
    • 1933 – Roy Goode, English lawyer and academic
    • 1933 – Tom C. Korologos, American journalist and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Belgium
    • 1933 – Eduardo Malapit, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of Kauai (d. 2007)
    • 1934 – Enrique Álvarez Félix, Mexican actor (d. 1996)
    • 1934 – Anton Geesink, Dutch martial artist and wrestler (d. 2010)
    • 1934 – Guy Peellaert, Belgian painter, illustrator, and photographer (d. 2008)
    • 1935 – Douglas Hill, Canadian author and critic (d. 2007)
    • 1936 – Helen Berman, Dutch-Israeli painter and illustrator
    • 1936 – Jean-Pierre Changeux, French neuroscientist, biologist, and academic
    • 1937 – Merle Haggard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
    • 1937 – Tom Veivers, Australian cricketer and politician
    • 1937 – Billy Dee Williams, American actor, singer, and writer
    • 1938 – Paul Daniels, English magician and television host (d. 2016)
    • 1938 – Roy Thinnes, American television and film actor
    • 1939 – André Ouellet, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1939 – John Sculley, American businessman, co-founded Zeta Interactive
    • 1940 – Homero Aridjis, Mexican journalist, author, and poet
    • 1940 – Pedro Armendáriz, Jr., Mexican-American actor and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1941 – Christopher Allsopp, English economist and academic
    • 1941 – Phil Austin, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1941 – Hans W. Geißendörfer, German director and producer
    • 1941 – Don Prudhomme, American race car driver and manager
    • 1941 – Gheorghe Zamfir, Romanian flute player and composer
    • 1942 – Barry Levinson, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1942 – Anita Pallenberg, Italian-English model, actress, and fashion designer (d. 2017)
    • 1943 – Max Clifford, English journalist and publicist (d. 2017)
    • 1943 – Roger Cook, New Zealand-English journalist and academic
    • 1943 – Ian MacRae, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1943 – Mitchell Melton, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1944 – Felicity Palmer, English operatic soprano
    • 1945 – Rodney Bickerstaffe, English trade union leader (d. 2017)
    • 1945 – Peter Hill, English journalist
    • 1946 – Paul Beresford, New Zealand-English dentist and politician
    • 1947 – John Ratzenberger, American actor and director
    • 1947 – André Weinfeld, French-American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1947 – Mike Worboys, English mathematician and computer scientist
    • 1949 – Alyson Bailes, English academic and diplomat (d. 2016)
    • 1949 – Patrick Hernandez, French singer-songwriter
    • 1949 – Ng Ser Miang, Singaporean athlete, entrepreneur and diplomat
    • 1949 – Horst Ludwig Störmer, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1950 – Claire Morissette, Canadian cycling activist (d. 2007)
    • 1950 – Cleo Odzer, American anthropologist and author (d. 2001)
    • 1951 – Bert Blyleven, Dutch-American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1951 – Jean-Marc Boivin, French skier, mountaineer, and pilot (d. 1990)
    • 1951 – Pascal Rogé, French pianist
    • 1951 – Phil Schaap, American jazz disc jockey and historian
    • 1952 – Udo Dirkschneider, German singer-songwriter
    • 1952 – Marilu Henner, Greek-Polish American actress and author
    • 1952 – Michel Larocque, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (d. 1992)
    • 1953 – Patrick Doyle, Scottish actor and composer
    • 1953 – Christopher Franke, German-American drummer and songwriter
    • 1955 – Rob Epstein, American director and producer
    • 1955 – Michael Rooker, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1955 – Cathy Jones, Canadian actress, comedian, and writer
    • 1956 – Michele Bachmann, American lawyer and politician
    • 1956 – Normand Corbeil, Canadian composer (d. 2013)
    • 1956 – Mudassar Nazar, Pakistani cricketer
    • 1956 – Lee Scott, English politician
    • 1956 – Sebastian Spreng, Argentinian-American painter and journalist
    • 1956 – Dilip Vengsarkar, Indian cricketer and coach
    • 1957 – Giorgio Damilano, Italian race walker and coach
    • 1957 – Maurizio Damilano, Italian race walker and coach
    • 1957 – Jaroslava Maxová, Czech soprano and educator
    • 1957 – Paolo Nespoli, Italian soldier, engineer, and astronaut
    • 1958 – Graeme Base, Australian author and illustrator
    • 1959 – Gail Shea, Canadian politician
    • 1960 – Warren Haynes, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1960 – Richard Loe, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1960 – John Pizzarelli, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1961 – Rory Bremner, Scottish actor and screenwriter
    • 1961 – Peter Jackson, English footballer and manager
    • 1962 – Iris Häussler, German sculptor and academic
    • 1962 – Marco Schällibaum, Swiss footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1963 – Rafael Correa, Ecuadorian economist and politician, 54th President of Ecuador
    • 1965 – Black Francis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Sterling Sharpe, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1966 – Vince Flynn, American author (d. 2013)
    • 1966 – Young Man Kang, South Korean-American director and producer
    • 1967 – Julian Anderson, English composer and educator
    • 1967 – Kathleen Barr, Canadian voice actress and singer
    • 1967 – Tanya Byron, English psychologist and academic
    • 1967 – Jonathan Firth, English actor
    • 1968 – Archon Fung, American political scientist, author, and academic
    • 1968 – Affonso Giaffone, Brazilian race car driver
    • 1969 – Bret Boone, American baseball player and manager
    • 1969 – Bison Dele, American basketball player (d. 2002)
    • 1969 – Philipp Peter, Austrian race car driver
    • 1969 – Paul Rudd, American actor
    • 1969 – Spencer Wells, American geneticist and anthropologist
    • 1970 – Olaf Kölzig, South African-German ice hockey player and coach
    • 1970 – Roy Mayorga, American drummer, songwriter, and producer
    • 1970 – Huang Xiaomin, Chinese swimmer
    • 1972 – Anders Thomas Jensen, Danish director and screenwriter
    • 1972 – Dickey Simpkins, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1973 – Donnie Edwards, American football player
    • 1973 – Randall Godfrey, American football player
    • 1973 – Rie Miyazawa, Japanese model and actress
    • 1973 – Sun Wen, Chinese footballer
    • 1975 – Zach Braff, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1975 – Hal Gill, American ice hockey player
    • 1976 – Candace Cameron Bure, American actress and talk show panelist
    • 1976 – James Fox, Welsh singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1976 – Chris Hoke, American football player
    • 1976 – Georg Hólm, Icelandic bass player
    • 1976 – Hirotada Ototake, Japanese author and educator
    • 1977 – Ville Nieminen, Finnish ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Andy Phillips, American baseball player and coach
    • 1978 – Imani Coppola, American singer-songwriter and violinist
    • 1978 – Robert Glasper, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
    • 1978 – Tim Hasselbeck, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1978 – Myleene Klass, Austrian/Filipino-English singer, pianist, and model
    • 1978 – Martín Méndez, Uruguayan bass player and songwriter
    • 1978 – Blaine Neal, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Igor Semshov, Russian footballer
    • 1979 – Lord Frederick Windsor, English journalist and financier
    • 1979 – Clay Travis, American sports journalist, blogger, and broadcaster
    • 1980 – Tommi Evilä, Finnish long jumper
    • 1980 – Tanja Poutiainen, Finnish skier
    • 1980 – Antonio Thomas, American wrestler
    • 1981 – Robert Earnshaw, Welsh footballer
    • 1981 – Jeff Faine, American football player
    • 1981 – Alex Suarez, American bass player
    • 1982 – Travis Moen, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1982 – Miguel Ángel Silvestre, Spanish actor
    • 1983 – Mehdi Ballouchy, Moroccan footballer
    • 1983 – Jerome Kaino, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1983 – Mitsuru Nagata, Japanese footballer
    • 1983 – Remi Nicole, English singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1983 – James Wade, English darts player
    • 1983 – Katie Weatherston, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Max Bemis, American singer-songwriter
    • 1984 – Michaël Ciani, French footballer
    • 1984 – Siboniso Gaxa, South African footballer
    • 1984 – Diana Matheson, Canadian soccer player
    • 1985 – Clarke MacArthur, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Frank Ongfiang, Cameroonian footballer
    • 1985 – Sinqua Walls, American basketball player and actor
    • 1986 – Nikolas Asprogenis, Cypriot footballer
    • 1986 – Aaron Curry, American football player
    • 1986 – Goeido Gotaro, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1986 – Ryota Moriwaki, Japanese footballer
    • 1987 – Benjamin Corgnet, French footballer
    • 1987 – Heidi Mount, American model
    • 1987 – Juan Adriel Ochoa, Mexican footballer
    • 1987 – Levi Porter, English footballer
    • 1987 – Hilary Rhoda, American model
    • 1988 – Jucilei, Brazilian footballer
    • 1988 – Leigh Adams, Australian footballer
    • 1988 – Daniele Gasparetto, Italian footballer
    • 1988 – Carlton Mitchell, American football player
    • 1988 – Fabrice Muamba, Congolese-English footballer
    • 1988 – Ivonne Orsini, Puerto Rican-American model and television host, Miss World Puerto Rico 2008
    • 1990 – Lachlan Coote, Australian rugby league player
    • 1990 – Charlie McDermott, American actor
    • 1990 – Andrei Veis, Estonian footballer
    • 1992 – Ken, South Korean singer
    • 1992 – Julie Ertz, American soccer player
    • 1994 – Adrián Alonso, Mexican actor
    • 1995 – Darya Lebesheva, Belarusian tennis player
    • 1998 – Peyton List, American actress and model

    Deaths on April 6

    • 861 – Prudentius, bishop of Troyes
    • 885 – Saint Methodius, Byzantine missionary and saint (b. 815)
    • 887 – Pei Che, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
    • 943 – Liu Churang, Chinese general and chief of staff (b. 881)
    • 943 – Nasr II, ruler (amir) of the Samanid Empire (b. 906)
    • 1147 – Frederick II, duke of Swabia (b. 1090)
    • 1199 – Richard I, king of England (b. 1157)
    • 1231 – William Marshal, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
    • 1250 – Guillaume de Sonnac, Grand Master of the Knights Templar
    • 1252 – Peter of Verona, Italian priest and saint (b. 1206)
    • 1340 – Basil, emperor of Trebizond (Turkey)
    • 1362 – James I, count of La Marche (b. 1319)
    • 1376 – Preczlaw of Pogarell, Cardinal and Bishop of Wrocław (b. 1310)
    • 1490 – Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490 (b. 1443)
    • 1520 – Raphael, Italian painter and architect (b. 1483)
    • 1523 – Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, English nobleman (b. 1479)
    • 1528 – Albrecht Dürer, German painter, engraver, and mathematician (b. 1471)
    • 1551 – Joachim Vadian, Swiss scholar and politician (b. 1484)
    • 1571 – John Hamilton, Scottish archbishop and academic (b. 1512)
    • 1590 – Francis Walsingham, English politician and diplomat, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1532)
    • 1593 – Henry Barrowe, English Puritan and separatist (b. 1550)
    • 1605 – John Stow, English historian and author (b. 1525)
    • 1621 – Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford (b. 1539)
    • 1641 – Domenico Zampieri (Domenichino), Italian painter (b. 1581)
    • 1655 – David Blondel, French minister, historian, and scholar (b. 1591)
    • 1676 – John Winthrop the Younger, English politician, 1st Governor of Connecticut (b. 1606)
    • 1686 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, Irish-English politician (b. 1614)
    • 1707 – Willem van de Velde the Younger, Dutch-English painter (b. 1633)
    • 1755 – Richard Rawlinson, English minister and historian (b. 1690)
    • 1790 – Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1719)
    • 1825 – Vladimir Borovikovsky, Ukrainian-Russian painter and educator (b. 1757)
    • 1829 – Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician and theorist (b. 1802)
    • 1833 – Adamantios Korais, Greek philosopher and scholar (b. 1748)
    • 1838 – José Bonifácio de Andrada, Brazilian poet, academic, and politician (b. 1763)
    • 1860 – James Kirke Paulding, American author and politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1778)
    • 1862 – Albert Sidney Johnston, American general (b. 1803)
    • 1883 – Benjamin Wright Raymond, American merchant and politician, 3rd Mayor of Chicago (b. 1801)
    • 1886 – William Edward Forster, English businessman, philanthropist, and politician, Chief Secretary for Ireland (b. 1818)
    • 1899 – Alvan Wentworth Chapman, American physician and botanist (b. 1809)
    • 1906 – Alexander Kielland, Norwegian author, playwright, and politician, 6th County Governor of Møre og Romsdal (b. 1849)
    • 1913 – Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore (b. 1835)
    • 1923 – Kabalega, King of Bunyoro (b.1853)
    • 1927 – Florence Earle Coates, American poet (b. 1850)
    • 1935 – Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet and playwright (b. 1869)
    • 1944 – Rose O’Neill, American cartoonist, illustrator, artist, and writer (b. 1874)
    • 1947 – Herbert Backe, German agronomist and politician (b. 1896)
    • 1950 – Louis Wilkins, American pole vaulter (b. 1882)
    • 1953 – Idris Davies, Welsh poet and author (b. 1905)
    • 1959 – Leo Aryeh Mayer, Polish-Israeli scholar and academic (b. 1895)
    • 1961 – Jules Bordet, Belgian microbiologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)
    • 1963 – Otto Struve, Ukrainian-American astronomer and academic (b. 1897)
    • 1970 – Maurice Stokes, American basketball player (b. 1933)
    • 1971 – Igor Stravinsky, Russian-American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1882)
    • 1974 – Willem Marinus Dudok, Dutch architect (b. 1884)
    • 1974 – Hudson Fysh, Australian pilot and businessman, co-founded Qantas Airways Limited (b. 1895)
    • 1977 – Kōichi Kido, Japanese politician, 13th Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan (b. 1889)
    • 1979 – Ivan Vasilyov, Bulgarian architect, designed the SS. Cyril and Methodius National Library (b. 1893)
    • 1983 – Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri, Indian General who served as the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army from 1962 to 1966 and the Military Governor of Hyderabad State from 1948 to 1949. (b. 1908)
    • 1992 – Isaac Asimov, American science fiction writer (b. 1920)
    • 1994 – Juvénal Habyarimana, Rwandan banker and politician, 3rd President of Rwanda (b. 1937)
    • 1994 – Cyprien Ntaryamira, Burundian politician, 5th President of Burundi (b. 1955)
    • 1995 – Ioannis Alevras, Greek banker and politician, President of Greece (b. 1912)
    • 1996 – Greer Garson, English-American actress (b. 1904)
    • 1998 – Norbert Schmitz, German footballer (b. 1958)
    • 1998 – Tammy Wynette, American singer-songwriter (b. 1942)
    • 1999 – Red Norvo, American vibraphone player and composer (b. 1908)
    • 2000 – Habib Bourguiba, Tunisian politician, 1st President of Tunisia (b. 1903)
    • 2001 – Charles Pettigrew, American singer-songwriter (b. 1963)
    • 2003 – David Bloom, American journalist (b. 1963)
    • 2003 – Anita Borg, American computer scientist and educator; founded Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology (b. 1949)
    • 2003 – Gerald Emmett Carter, Canadian cardinal (b. 1912)
    • 2003 – Babatunde Olatunji, Nigerian drummer, educator, and activist (b. 1927)
    • 2004 – Lou Berberet, American baseball player (b. 1929)
    • 2004 – Larisa Bogoraz, Russian linguist and activist (b. 1929)
    • 2005 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (b. 1923)
    • 2006 – Maggie Dixon, American basketball player and coach (b. 1977)
    • 2006 – Francis L. Kellogg, American soldier and diplomat (b. 1917)
    • 2006 – Stefanos Stratigos, Greek actor and director (b. 1926)
    • 2007 – Luigi Comencini, Italian director and producer (b. 1916)
    • 2009 – J. M. S. Careless, Canadian historian and academic (b. 1919)
    • 2009 – Shawn Mackay, Australian rugby player and coach (b. 1982)
    • 2010 – Wilma Mankiller, American tribal leader (b. 1945)
    • 2010 – Corin Redgrave, English actor (b. 1939)
    • 2011 – Gerald Finnerman, American director and cinematographer (b. 1931)
    • 2012 – Roland Guilbault, American admiral (b. 1934)
    • 2012 – Thomas Kinkade, American painter and illustrator (b. 1958)
    • 2012 – Fang Lizhi, Chinese astrophysicist and academic (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Sheila Scotter, Australian fashion designer and journalist (b. 1920)
    • 2012 – Reed Whittemore, American poet and critic (b. 1919)
    • 2013 – Hilda Bynoe, Grenadian physician and politician, 2nd Governor of Grenada (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Bill Guttridge, English footballer and manager (b. 1931)
    • 2013 – Bigas Luna, Spanish director and screenwriter (b. 1946)
    • 2013 – Ottmar Schreiner, German lawyer and politician (b. 1946)
    • 2014 – Mary Anderson, American actress (b. 1918)
    • 2014 – Jacques Castérède, French pianist and composer (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – Liv Dommersnes, Norwegian actress (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – Mickey Rooney, American soldier, actor, and dancer (b. 1920)
    • 2014 – Chuck Stone, American soldier, journalist, and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Massimo Tamburini, Italian motorcycle designer, co-founded Bimota (b. 1943)
    • 2015 – Giovanni Berlinguer, Italian lawyer and politician (b. 1924)
    • 2015 – James Best, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
    • 2015 – Ray Charles, American singer-songwriter and conductor (b. 1918)
    • 2015 – Dollard St. Laurent, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1929)
    • 2016 – Merle Haggard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1937)
    • 2017 – Don Rickles, American actor and comedian (b. 1926)
    • 2019 – Michael O’Donnell, British physician, journalist, author and broadcaster (b. 1928)

    Holidays and observances on April 6

    • Chakri Day, commemorating the establishment of the Chakri dynasty. (Thailand)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Albrecht Dürer and Lucas Cranach (Lutheran Church).
      • Brychan
      • Eutychius of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox Church)
      • Marcellinus of Carthage
      • Pope Celestine I (Catholic Church)
      • Pope Sixtus I
      • April 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • International Day of Sport for Development and Peace
    • National Fisherman Day (Indonesia)
    • New Beer’s Eve (United States)
    • Tartan Day (United States & Canada)

  • March 31 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    It is the last day of the first quarter of the year.

    March 31 in History

    • 307 – After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Maximian.
    • 1146 – Bernard of Clairvaux preaches his famous sermon in a field at Vézelay, urging the necessity of a Second Crusade. Louis VII is present, and joins the Crusade.
    • 1492 – Queen Isabella of Castile issues the Alhambra Decree, ordering her 150,000 Jewish and Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
    • 1561 – The city of San Cristóbal, Táchira is founded.
    • 1717 – A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, preached in the presence of King George I of Great Britain, provokes the Bangorian Controversy.
    • 1774 – American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed pursuant to the Boston Port Act.
    • 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry signs the Convention of Kanagawa with the Tokugawa Shogunate, opening the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to American trade.
    • 1885 – The United Kingdom establishes the Bechuanaland Protectorate.
    • 1889 – The Eiffel Tower is officially opened.
    • 1899 – Malolos, capital of the First Philippine Republic, is captured by American forces.
    • 1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later the National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for college sports in the United States.
    • 1909 – Serbia formally withdraws its opposition to Austro-Hungarian actions in the Bosnian Crisis.
    • 1913 – The Vienna Concert Society rioted during a performance of modernist music by Arnold Schoenberg, Alban Berg, Alexander von Zemlinsky, and Anton von Webern, causing a premature end to the concert due to violence; this concert became known as the Skandalkonzert.
    • 1917 – According to the terms of the Treaty of the Danish West Indies, the islands become American possessions.
    • 1918 – Massacre of ethnic Azerbaijanis is committed by allied armed groups of Armenian Revolutionary Federation and Bolsheviks. Nearly 12,000 Azerbaijani Muslims are killed.
    • 1918 – Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
    • 1921 – The Royal Australian Air Force is formed.
    • 1930 – The Motion Picture Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film, in the U.S., for the next thirty-eight years.
    • 1931 – An earthquake in Nicaragua destroys Managua; killing 2,000.
    • 1931 – A Transcontinental & Western Air airliner crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Rockne.
    • 1933 – The Civilian Conservation Corps is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the United States.
    • 1942 – World War II: Japanese forces invade Christmas Island, then a British possession.
    • 1945 – World War II: A defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1, the world’s first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft, to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands.
    • 1949 – The Dominion of Newfoundland joins the Canadian Confederation and becomes the 10th Province of Canada.
    • 1951 – Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.
    • 1957 – Elections to the Territorial Assembly of the French colony Upper Volta are held. After the elections PDU and MDV form a government.
    • 1958 – In the Canadian federal election, the Progressive Conservatives, led by John Diefenbaker, win the largest percentage of seats in Canadian history, with 208 seats of 265.
    • 1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.
    • 1964 – Brazilian General Olímpio Mourão Filho orders his troops to move towards Rio de Janeiro, beginning the coup d’état.
    • 1966 – The Soviet Union launches Luna 10 which later becomes the first space probe to enter orbit around the Moon.
    • 1968 – American President Lyndon B. Johnson speaks to the nation of “Steps to Limit the War in Vietnam” in a television address. At the conclusion of his speech, he announces: “I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President.”
    • 1970 – Explorer 1 re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere after 12 years in orbit.
    • 1980 – The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad operates its final train after being ordered to liquidate its assets because of bankruptcy and debts owed to creditors.
    • 1985 – The first WrestleMania, the biggest wrestling event from the WWE (then the WWF), takes place in Madison Square Garden in New York City.
    • 1990 – Approximately 200,000 protesters take to the streets of London to protest against the newly introduced Poll Tax.
    • 1991 – Georgian independence referendum: Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country’s independence from the Soviet Union.
    • 1992 – The USS Missouri, the last active United States Navy battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.
    • 1992 – The Treaty of Federation is signed in Moscow.
    • 1995 – TAROM Flight 371, an Airbus A310-300, crashes near Balotesti, Romania, killing all 60 people on board.
    • 1995 – Selena is murdered by her fan club’s president Yolanda Saldívar at a Days Inn in Corpus Christi, Texas after accusations of Saldívar embezzling money from Selena’s fan club.
    • 1998 – Netscape releases Mozilla source code under an open source license.
    • 2004 – Iraq War in Anbar Province: In Fallujah, Iraq, four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed after being ambushed.
    • 2018 – Start of the 2018 Armenian revolution.

    Births on March 31

    • 1360 – Philippa of Lancaster (d. 1415)
    • 1499 – Pope Pius IV (d. 1565)
    • 1504 – Guru Angad, Indian religious leader (d. 1552)
    • 1519 – Henry II of France (d. 1559)
    • 1536 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shōgun (d. 1565)
    • 1596 – René Descartes, French mathematician and philosopher (d. 1650)
    • 1601 – Jakov Mikalja, Italian linguist and lexicographer (d. 1654)
    • 1621 – Andrew Marvell, English poet and politician (d. 1678)
    • 1651 – Charles II, Elector Palatine, German husband of Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark (d. 1685)
    • 1675 – Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758)
    • 1718 – Mariana Victoria of Spain (d. 1781)
    • 1723 – Frederick V of Denmark (d. 1766)
    • 1730 – Étienne Bézout, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1783)
    • 1732 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1809)
    • 1740 – Panoutsos Notaras, Greek politician (d. 1849)
    • 1747 – Johann Abraham Peter Schulz, German pianist and composer (d. 1800)
    • 1777 – Charles Cagniard de la Tour, French physicist and engineer (d. 1859)
    • 1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist and ornithologist (d. 1858)
    • 1794 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan, American lawyer and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1852)
    • 1809 – Edward FitzGerald, English poet and translator (d. 1883)
    • 1809 – Nikolai Gogol, Ukrainian-Russian short story writer, novelist, and playwright (d. 1852)
    • 1809 – Otto Lindblad, Swedish composer (d. 1864)
    • 1813 – Félix María Zuloaga, Mexican general and unconstitutional interim president (1858 and 1860–1862) (d. 1898)
    • 1819 – Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (d. 1901)
    • 1823 – Mary Boykin Chesnut, American author (d. 1886)
    • 1833 – Mary Abigail Dodge, American writer and essayist (d. 1896)
    • 1835 – John La Farge, American artist (d. 1910)
    • 1847 – Hermann de Pourtalès, Swiss sailor (d. 1904)
    • 1847 – Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 1878)
    • 1851 – Francis Bell, Jewish New Zealand lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1936)
    • 1855 – Alfred E. Hunt, American businessman (d. 1899)
    • 1859 – Emil Fenyvessy, Hungarian actor and screenwriter (d. 1924)
    • 1865 – Anandi Gopal Joshi, Indian physician (d. 1887)
    • 1871 – Arthur Griffith, Irish journalist and politician, 3rd President of Dáil Éireann (d. 1922)
    • 1872 – Sergei Diaghilev, Russian ballet manager and critic, founded the Ballets Russes (d. 1929)
    • 1874 – Benjamín G. Hill, Mexican revolutionary general, governor of Sonora (d. 1920)
    • 1874 – Henri Marteau, French violinist and composer (d. 1934)
    • 1876 – Borisav Stanković, Serbian author (d. 1927)
    • 1878 – Jack Johnson, American boxer (d. 1946)
    • 1884 – Adriaan van Maanen, Dutch-American astronomer and academic (d. 1946)
    • 1885 – Pascin, Sephardi Jewish Bulgarian-American painter and illustrator (d. 1930)
    • 1890 – Ben Adams, American jumper (d. 1961)
    • 1890 – William Lawrence Bragg, Australian-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
    • 1891 – Victor Varconi, Hungarian-American actor and director (d. 1976)
    • 1893 – Clemens Krauss, Austrian conductor and manager (d. 1954)
    • 1893 – Herbert Meinhard Mühlpfordt, German physician and historian (d. 1982)
    • 1895 – Vardis Fisher, American author and academic (d. 1968)
    • 1900 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1974)
    • 1905 – Robert Stevenson, English director and screenwriter (d. 1986)
    • 1905 – George Treweek, Australian rugby league player (d. 1991)
    • 1906 – Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
    • 1908 – Red Norvo, American vibraphone player and composer (d. 1999)
    • 1911 – Freddie Green, American guitarist (d. 1987)
    • 1911 – Elisabeth Grümmer, German soprano (d. 1986)
    • 1912 – William Lederer, American soldier and author (d. 2009)
    • 1913 – Etta Baker, African-American singer and guitarist (d. 2006)
    • 1914 – Octavio Paz, Mexican poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
    • 1914 – Dagmar Lange, Swedish author (d. 1991)
    • 1915 – Albert Hourani, English historian and author (d. 1993)
    • 1915 – Shoichi Yokoi, Japanese sergeant (d. 1997)
    • 1916 – Lucille Bliss, American voice actress (d. 2012)
    • 1916 – Tommy Bolt, American golfer (d. 2008)
    • 1916 – John H. Wood, Jr., American lawyer and judge (d. 1979)
    • 1917 – Dorothy DeLay, American violinist and educator (d. 2002)
    • 1918 – Ted Post, American director (d. 2013)
    • 1919 – Frank Akins, American football player (d. 1993)
    • 1920 – Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, British aristocrat, socialite and author (d. 2014)
    • 1921 – Lowell Fulson, African-American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – Peggy Rea, American actress and casting director (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Richard Kiley, American actor and singer (d. 1999)
    • 1922 – Patrick Magee, Irish actor (d. 1982)
    • 1923 – Don Barksdale, American basketball player (d. 1993)
    • 1923 – François Sermon, Belgian footballer (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Leo Buscaglia, American author and academic (d. 1998)
    • 1924 – Charles Guggenheim, American director and producer (d. 2002)
    • 1925 – Jean Coutu, Canadian actor and director (d. 1999)
    • 1926 – John Fowles, English novelist (d. 2005)
    • 1926 – Beni Montresor, Italian director, set designer, author, and illustrator (d. 2001)
    • 1926 – Rocco Petrone, American colonel and engineer (d. 2006)
    • 1927 – Cesar Chavez, American labor union leader and activist (d. 1993)
    • 1927 – William Daniels, American actor
    • 1927 – Eduardo Martínez Somalo, Spanish cardinal
    • 1927 – Vladimir Ilyushin, Russian pilot (d. 2010)
    • 1927 – Elmer Diedtrich, American businessman and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1927 – Bud MacPherson, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1988)
    • 1928 – Lefty Frizzell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
    • 1928 – Gordie Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2016)
    • 1929 – Liz Claiborne, Belgian-American fashion designer, founded Liz Claiborne Inc. (d. 2007)
    • 1929 – Bert Fields, American lawyer and author
    • 1930 – Yehuda Nir, Polish Jewish-American psychiatrist (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Jim Mutscheller, American football player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1931 – Miller Barber, American golfer (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Tamara Tyshkevich, Belarusian shot putter (d. 1997)
    • 1932 – John Jakes, American author
    • 1932 – Nagisa Oshima, Japanese director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1933 – Anita Carter, American singer-songwriter and bassist (d. 1999)
    • 1933 – Nichita Stănescu, Romanian poet (d. 1983)
    • 1934 – Richard Chamberlain, American actor
    • 1934 – Shirley Jones, American actress and singer
    • 1934 – John D. Loudermilk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
    • 1934 – Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1934 – Kamala Surayya, Indian poet and author (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – Herb Alpert, American singer-songwriter, trumpet player, and producer
    • 1935 – Judith Rossner, Jewish-American author (d. 2005)
    • 1936 – Marge Piercy, American poet and novelist
    • 1936 – Walter E. Williams, American economist and academic
    • 1938 – Patrick Bateson, English biologist and academic (d. 2017)
    • 1938 – Sheila Dikshit, Indian politician, 22nd Governor of Kerala (d. 2019)
    • 1938 – Antje Gleichfeld, German runner
    • 1938 – Bill Hicke, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2005)
    • 1938 – Tõnno Lepmets, Estonian basketball player (d. 2005)
    • 1938 – Arthur B. Rubinstein, American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2018)
    • 1938 – David Steel, Scottish academic and politician
    • 1939 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Georgian anthropologist and politician, 1st President of Georgia (d. 1993)
    • 1939 – Israel Horovitz, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1939 – Walker David Miller, American lawyer and judge (d. 2013)
    • 1939 – Volker Schlöndorff, German director and producer
    • 1939 – Karl-Heinz Schnellinger, German footballer
    • 1940 – Brian Ackland-Snow, English production designer and art director (d. 2013)
    • 1940 – Barney Frank, American lawyer and politician
    • 1940 – Patrick Leahy, American lawyer and politician
    • 1941 – Franco Bonvicini, Italian author and illustrator (d. 1995)
    • 1941 – Faith Leech, Australian swimmer (d. 2013)
    • 1942 – Ulla Hoffmann, Swedish politician
    • 1942 – Hugh McCracken, American guitarist and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1942 – Michael Savage, far-right American radio host and author
    • 1943 – Roy Andersson, Swedish director and screenwriter
    • 1943 – Deirdre Clancy, English costume designer
    • 1943 – Christopher Walken, American actor
    • 1944 – Pascal Danel, French singer-songwriter
    • 1944 – Angus King, American politician
    • 1944 – Mick Ralphs, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1945 – Edwin Catmull, American computer scientist and engineer
    • 1945 – Gabe Kaplan, American actor and comedian
    • 1945 – Myfanwy Talog, Welsh actress (d. 1995)
    • 1946 – Gonzalo Márquez, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1984)
    • 1946 – Bob Russell, English politician
    • 1947 – Augustin Banyaga, Rwandan-American mathematician and academic
    • 1947 – Wendy Overton, American tennis player
    • 1947 – Kristian Blak, Danish-Faroese pianist, composer, and producer
    • 1947 – Don Foster, English academic and politician
    • 1947 – César Gaviria, Colombian economist and politician, 36th President of Colombia
    • 1947 – Eliyahu M. Goldratt, Israeli physicist and economist (d. 2011)
    • 1948 – Gary Doer, Canadian politician and diplomat, 20th Premier of Manitoba
    • 1948 – Al Gore, American soldier and politician, 45th Vice President of the United States and Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1948 – Rhea Perlman, American actress
    • 1948 – Gustaaf Van Cauter, Belgian cyclist
    • 1949 – Gilles Gilbert, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1950 – András Adorján, Hungarian chess player and author
    • 1950 – Ed Marinaro, American football player and actor
    • 1950 – Sandra Morgen, American anthropologist and academic (d. 2016)
    • 1953 – Dennis Kamakahi, American guitarist and composer (d. 2014)
    • 1955 – Svetozar Marović, President of Serbia and Montenegro
    • 1955 – Angus Young, Scottish-Australian guitarist and songwriter
    • 1957 – Alan Duncan, English businessman and politician, former Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
    • 1959 – Markus Hediger, Swiss poet and translator
    • 1959 – Anita Dillen, Dutch socialite and member of wealthy Dillen family, niece of Cor Dillen, Coen Dillen
    • 1961 – Ron Brown, American sprinter and football player
    • 1961 – Howard Gordon, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1962 – Olli Rehn, Finnish footballer and politician
    • 1963 – Paul Mercurio, Australian actor and dancer
    • 1964 – Mark Hoban, English accountant and politician
    • 1965 – Tom Barrasso, American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1965 – Patty Fendick, American tennis player and coach
    • 1965 – Jean-Christophe Lafaille, French mountaineer (d. 2006)
    • 1965 – William McNamara, American actor and producer
    • 1965 – Steven T. Seagle, American author and screenwriter
    • 1966 – Roger Black, English runner and journalist
    • 1966 – Nick Firestone, American race car driver
    • 1968 – César Sampaio, Brazilian footballer
    • 1969 – Nyamko Sabuni, Burundian-Swedish politician
    • 1969 – Steve Smith, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1970 – Alenka Bratušek, Slovenian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Slovenia
    • 1971 – Demetris Assiotis, Cypriot footballer
    • 1971 – Martin Atkinson, English footballer and referee
    • 1971 – Pavel Bure, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1971 – Craig McCracken, American animator, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1971 – Ewan McGregor, Scottish actor
    • 1972 – Alejandro Amenábar, Chilean-Spanish director and screenwriter
    • 1972 – Andrew Bowen, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1972 – Luca Gentili, Italian footballer and coach
    • 1972 – Evan Williams, American businessman, co-founded Twitter and Pyra Labs
    • 1973 – Christopher Hampson, English ballet dancer and choreographer
    • 1974 – Benjamin Eicher, German director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1974 – Natali, Russian singer, composer and songwriter
    • 1974 – Stefan Olsdal, Swedish bass player
    • 1974 – Jani Sievinen, Finnish swimmer
    • 1975 – Adam Green, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1975 – Nathan Grey, Australian rugby player and coach
    • 1975 – Cameron Murray, Scottish rugby player
    • 1975 – Ryan Rupe, American baseball player
    • 1976 – Howard Frier, American basketball player
    • 1976 – Igors Sļesarčuks, Latvian-Russian footballer
    • 1976 – Graeme Smith, Scottish swimmer
    • 1977 – Toshiya, Japanese bass player, songwriter, and producer
    • 1977 – Garth Tander, Australian race car driver
    • 1978 – Michael Clark, Australian cricketer and footballer
    • 1978 – Stephen Clemence, English footballer, midfeider and manager
    • 1978 – Jarrod Cooper, American football player
    • 1978 – Jérôme Rothen, French footballer
    • 1979 – Omri Afek, Israeli footballer
    • 1979 – Euan Burton, Scottish martial artist and coach
    • 1979 – Alexis Ferrero, Argentinian footballer
    • 1979 – Charlie Manning, American baseball player
    • 1979 – Jonna Mendes, American skier
    • 1979 – Rhys Wesser, Australian rugby league player
    • 1980 – Martin Albrechtsen, Danish footballer
    • 1980 – Karolina Lassbo, Swedish lawyer and blogger
    • 1980 – Matias Concha, Swedish footballer
    • 1980 – Kate Micucci, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
    • 1980 – Michael Ryder, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1981 – Ryan Bingham, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1981 – Thomas Chatelle, Belgian footballer
    • 1981 – Han Tae-you, South Korean footballer
    • 1981 – Pa Dembo Touray, Gambian footballer
    • 1981 – Maarten van der Weijden, Dutch swimmer
    • 1982 – Tal Ben Haim, Israeli footballer
    • 1982 – Bam Childress, American football player
    • 1982 – Audrey Kawasaki, American painter
    • 1983 – Hashim Amla, South African cricketer
    • 1983 – Ashleigh Ball, Canadian voice actress and musician
    • 1983 – Sophie Hunger, Swiss-German musician
    • 1983 – Vlasios Maras, Greek gymnast
    • 1983 – Nigel Plum, Australian rugby league player
    • 1984 – David Clarkson, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Eddie Johnson, American soccer player
    • 1984 – James Jones, American football player
    • 1984 – Martins Dukurs, Latvian sled racer
    • 1984 – Kaie Kand, Estonian heptathlete
    • 1984 – Alberto Junior Rodríguez, Peruvian footballer
    • 1984 – Ed Williamson, English rugby player
    • 1985 – Steve Bernier, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Jo-Lonn Dunbar, American football player
    • 1985 – Jesper Hansen, Danish footballer
    • 1985 – Ivan Mishyn, Ukrainian race car driver
    • 1985 – Kory Sheets, American football player
    • 1985 – Jalmar Sjöberg, Swedish wrestler
    • 1986 – Andreas Dober, Austrian footballer
    • 1986 – James King, Scottish rugby player
    • 1986 – Paulo Machado, Portuguese footballer
    • 1987 – Nordin Amrabat, Dutch footballer
    • 1987 – Hugo Ayala, Mexican footballer
    • 1987 – Amaury Bischoff, Portuguese footballer
    • 1987 – Humpy Koneru, Indian chess player
    • 1987 – Kirill Starkov, Danish ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Nelli Zhiganshina, Russian figure skater
    • 1988 – Thomas De Corte, Belgian footballer
    • 1988 – Conrad Sewell, Australian singer and songwriter
    • 1988 – Dorin Dickerson, American football player
    • 1988 – DeAndre Liggins, American basketball player
    • 1988 – Louis van der Westhuizen, Namibian cricketer
    • 1989 – Alberto Martín Romo García Adámez, Spanish footballer
    • 1989 – Nejc Vidmar, Slovenian footballer
    • 1989 – Liu Zige, Chinese swimmer
    • 1990 – George Iloka, American football player
    • 1990 – Sandra Roma, Swedish tennis player
    • 1990 – Bang Yong-guk, South Korean rapper
    • 1991 – Milan Milanović, Serbian footballer
    • 1991 – Rodney Sneijder, Dutch footballer
    • 1992 – Stijn de Looijer, Dutch footballer
    • 1992 – Adam Zampa, Australian cricketer
    • 1993 – Mikael Ishak, Swedish footballer
    • 1994 – Samira Asghari, Afghan member of the International Olympic Committee
    • 1994 – Tyler Wright, Australian surfer
    • 1994 – Mads Würtz Schmidt, Danish road cyclist
    • 1995 – Fiona Brown, footballer
    • 1998 – Jakob Chychrun, American-born Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1999 – Japhet Tanganga, English footballer

    Deaths on March 31

    • 32 BC – Titus Pomponius Atticus, Roman nobleman of the Equestrian order (b. 109 BC)
    • 528 – Xiaoming, emperor of Northern Wei (b. 510)
    • 963 – Abu Ja’far Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Saffarid emir (b. 906)
    • 1241 – Pousa, voivode of Transylvania
    • 1251 – William of Modena, Italian bishop and diplomat
    • 1340 – Ivan I of Moscow, Russian Grand Duke (b. 1288)
    • 1342 – Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro, Italian Augustinian monk
    • 1462 – Isidore II of Constantinople, patriarch of Constantinople
    • 1491 – Bonaventura Tornielli, Italian Roman Catholic priest (b. 1411)
    • 1547 – Francis I, French king (b. 1494)
    • 1567 – Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (b. 1504)
    • 1621 – Philip III, Spanish king (b. 1578)
    • 1622 – Gonzalo Méndez de Canço, Royal Governor of La Florida (b. 1554)
    • 1631 – John Donne, English lawyer and poet (b. 1572)
    • 1671 – Anne Hyde, wife of James II of England (b. 1637)
    • 1723 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, English soldier and politician, 14th Colonial Governor of New York (b. 1661)
    • 1741 – Pieter Burman the Elder, Dutch scholar and author (b. 1668)
    • 1751 – Frederick, Prince of Wales, Hanoverian-born heir to the British throne (b. 1707)better source needed
    • 1797 – Olaudah Equiano, Nigerian merchant, author, and activist (b.1745)
    • 1837 – John Constable, English painter and educator (b. 1776)
    • 1850 – John C. Calhoun, American lawyer and politician, 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782)
    • 1855 – Charlotte Brontë, English novelist and poet (b. 1816)
    • 1877 – Antoine Augustin Cournot, French mathematician and philosopher (b. 1801)
    • 1880 – Henryk Wieniawski, Polish violinist and composer (b. 1835)
    • 1885 – Franz Abt, German composer and conductor (b. 1819)
    • 1907 – Galusha A. Grow, American lawyer and politician, 28th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1823)
    • 1910 – Jean Moréas, Greek poet, essayist and art critic (b. 1856)
    • 1913 – J. P. Morgan, American banker and financier (b. 1837)
    • 1915 – Wyndham Halswelle, English-Scottish runner and captain (b. 1882)
    • 1917 – Emil von Behring, German physiologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854)
    • 1924 – George Charles Haité, English painter and illustrator (b. 1855)
    • 1927 – Kang Youwei, Chinese scholar and political reformer (b. 1858)
    • 1930 – Ludwig Schüler, German politician, Mayor of Marburg (b. 1836)
    • 1931 – Knute Rockne, American football player and coach (b. 1888)
    • 1935 – Georges V. Matchabelli, Georgian-American businessman and diplomat, founded Prince Matchabelli perfume (b. 1885)
    • 1939 – Ioannis Tsangaridis, Greek general (b. 1887)
    • 1944 – Mineichi Koga, Japanese admiral (b. 1885)
    • 1945 – Frank Findlay, New Zealand banker and politician (b. 1884)
    • 1945 – Hans Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
    • 1950 – Robert Natus, Estonian architect (b. 1890)
    • 1952 – Wallace H. White, Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1877)
    • 1956 – Ralph DePalma, Italian-American race car driver and actor (b. 1884)
    • 1968 – Grover Lowdermilk, American baseball player (b. 1885)
    • 1970 – Semyon Timoshenko, Soviet Commander during the Winter War and the Eastern Front of World War II (b. 1894)
    • 1975 – Percy Alliss, English golfer (b. 1897)
    • 1976 – Paul Strand, American photographer and director (b. 1890)
    • 1978 – Astrid Allwyn, American actress (b. 1905)
    • 1978 – Charles Herbert Best, American-Canadian physiologist and biochemist, co-discovered Insulin (b. 1899)
    • 1980 – Vladimír Holan, Czech poet and author (b. 1905)
    • 1980 – Jesse Owens, American sprinter and long jumper (b. 1913)
    • 1981 – Enid Bagnold, English author and playwright (b. 1889)
    • 1983 – Christina Stead, Australian author and academic (b. 1902)
    • 1986 – Jerry Paris, American actor and director (b. 1925)
    • 1988 – William McMahon, Australian lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1908)
    • 1993 – Brandon Lee, American actor and martial artist (b. 1965)
    • 1993 – Mitchell Parish, Lithuanian-American songwriter (b. 1900)
    • 1995 – Selena, American singer-songwriter (b. 1971)
    • 1996 – Dante Giacosa, Italian automobile designer and engineer (b. 1905)
    • 1996 – Jeffrey Lee Pierce, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1958)
    • 1998 – Bella Abzug, American lawyer, activist, and politician (b. 1920)
    • 1998 – Tim Flock, American race car driver (b. 1924)
    • 1998 – Joel Ryce-Menuhin, American pianist (b. 1933)
    • 1999 – Yuri Knorozov, Russian linguist and ethnographer (b. 1922)
    • 2001 – David Rocastle, English footballer (b. 1967)
    • 2001 – Clifford Shull, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915)
    • 2002 – Barry Took, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
    • 2002 – Moturu Udayam, Indian activist and politician (b. 1924)
    • 2003 – Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter, English-Canadian mathematician and academic (b. 1907)
    • 2003 – Anne Gwynne, American actress (b. 1918)
    • 2003 – Tommy Seebach, Danish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1949)
    • 2004 – Scott Helvenston, American soldier (b. 1965)
    • 2005 – Stanley J. Korsmeyer, American oncologist and academic (b. 1951)
    • 2005 – Justiniano Montano, Filipino lawyer and politician (b. 1905)
    • 2005 – Frank Perdue, American businessman (b. 1920)
    • 2006 – Jackie McLean, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
    • 2007 – Paul Watzlawick, Austrian-American psychologist and philosopher (b. 1921)
    • 2008 – Jules Dassin, American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1911)
    • 2008 – Bill Keightley, American equipment manager (b. 1926)
    • 2009 – Raúl Alfonsín, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 46th President of Argentina (b. 1927)
    • 2009 – Choor Singh, Indian-Singaporean lawyer and judge (b. 1911)
    • 2011 – Gil Clancy, American boxer and trainer (b. 1922)
    • 2011 – Alan Fitzgerald, Australian journalist and author (b. 1935)
    • 2011 – Mary Greyeyes, the first First Nations woman to join the Canadian Armed Forces (b. 1920)
    • 2011 – Oddvar Hansen, Norwegian footballer and coach (b. 1921)
    • 2011 – Ishbel MacAskill, Scottish singer and actress (b. 1941)
    • 2011 – Henry Taub, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Judith Adams, New Zealand-Australian nurse and politician (b. 1943)
    • 2012 – Dale R. Corson, American physicist and academic (b. 1914)
    • 2012 – Bernard O. Gruenke, American stained glass artist (b. 1914)
    • 2012 – Jerry Lynch, American baseball player (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Alberto Sughi, Italian painter (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Halbert White, American economist and academic (b. 1950)
    • 2013 – Charles Amarin Brand, French archbishop (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Ernie Bridge, Australian singer and politician (b. 1936)
    • 2013 – Bob Clarke, American illustrator (b. 1926)
    • 2013 – Ahmad Sayyed Javadi, Iranian lawyer and politician, Iranian Minister of Interior (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Dmitri Uchaykin, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1980)
    • 2014 – Gonzalo Anes, Spanish economist, historian, and academic (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Roger Somville, Belgian painter (b. 1923)
    • 2015 – Betty Churcher, Australian painter, historian, and curator (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – Cocoa Fujiwara, Japanese author and illustrator (b. 1983)
    • 2015 – Carlos Gaviria Díaz, Colombian lawyer and politician (b. 1937)
    • 2015 – Dalibor Vesely, Czech-English historian, author, and academic (b. 1934)
    • 2016 – Ronnie Corbett, Scottish comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1930)
    • 2016 – Hans-Dietrich Genscher, German politician (b. 1927)
    • 2016 – Zaha Hadid, Iraqi-born English architect and academic, designed the Bridge Pavilion (b. 1950)
    • 2016 – Imre Kertész, Hungarian author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1929)
    • 2016 – Denise Robertson, British writer and television broadcaster (b. 1932)
    • 2017 – Gilbert Baker, American artist and LGBT rights activist (b. 1951)
    • 2017 – James Rosenquist, American artist (b. 1933)
    • 2019 – Nipsey Hussle, American rapper (b. 1985)

    Holidays and observances on March 31

    • Cesar Chavez Day (United States)
    • Christian feast day
      • Abdas of Susa
      • Acathius of Melitene (Eastern Orthodox Church)
      • Anesius and companions
      • Benjamin
      • Balbina
      • John Donne (Anglican Communion, Lutheran)
      • March 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of Genocide of Azerbaijanis (Azerbaijan)
    • Freedom Day (Malta)
    • International Transgender Day of Visibility
    • King Nangklao Memorial Day (Thailand)
    • Thomas Mundy Peterson Day (New Jersey, United States)
    • Transfer Day (US Virgin Islands)
    • World Backup Day