American anthropologist

  • July 31 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian’s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
    • 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: 6th day of the 7th month of the 1st year of the Ten’o (天応) era).
    • 1009 – Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII.
    • 1201 – Attempted usurpation by John Komnenos the Fat for the throne of Alexios III Angelos.
    • 1423 – Hundred Years’ War: Battle of Cravant: The French army is defeated by the English at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
    • 1451 – Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.
    • 1492 – The Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.
    • 1498 – On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
    • 1588 – The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
    • 1618 – Maurice, Prince of Orange disbands the waardgelders militia in Utrecht, a pivotal event in the Remonstrant/Counter-Remonstrant tensions.
    • 1655 – Russo-Polish War (1654–67): The Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years.
    • 1658 – Aurangzeb is proclaimed Mughal emperor of India.
    • 1703 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.
    • 1712 – Action of 31 July 1712 (Great Northern War): Danish and Swedish ships clash in the Baltic Sea; the result is inconclusive.
    • 1715 – Seven days after a Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships left Havana, Cuba for Spain, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks.
    • 1741 – Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia.
    • 1763 – Odawa Chief Pontiac’s forces defeat British troops at the Battle of Bloody Run during Pontiac’s War.
    • 1777 – The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette “be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States.”
    • 1790 – The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
    • 1856 – Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city.
    • 1865 – The first narrow-gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia.
    • 1874 – Dr. Patrick Francis Healy became the first African-American inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, Georgetown University.
    • 1904 – Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Hsimucheng: Units of the Imperial Japanese Army defeat units of the Imperial Russian Army in a strategic confrontation.
    • 1913 – The Balkan States sign an armistice in Bucharest.
    • 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Passchendaele begins near Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium.
    • 1919 – German national assembly adopts the Weimar Constitution, which comes into force on August 14.
    • 1932 – The NSDAP (Nazi Party) wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
    • 1938 – Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia).
    • 1938 – Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.
    • 1941 – The Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to “submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question.”
    • 1941 – World War II: The Battle of Smolensk concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners.
    • 1945 – Pierre Laval, the fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.
    • 1948 – At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
    • 1948 – USS Nevada is sunk by an aerial torpedo after surviving hits from two atomic bombs (as part of post-war tests) and being used for target practice by three other ships.
    • 1964 – Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
    • 1970 – Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy.
    • 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
    • 1972 – The Troubles: In Operation Motorman, the British Army re-takes the urban no-go areas of Northern Ireland. It is the biggest British military operation since the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the biggest in Ireland since the Irish War of Independence. Later that day, nine civilians are killed by car bombs in the village of Claudy.
    • 1973 – A Delta Air Lines jetliner, flight DL 723 crashes while landing in fog at Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.
    • 1975 – The Troubles: three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen are killed during a botched paramilitary attack in Northern Ireland.
    • 1987 – A tornado occurs in Edmonton, Canada.
    • 1988 – Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia.
    • 1991 – The United States and Soviet Union both sign the START I Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries’ stockpiles.
    • 1992 – The nation of Georgia joins the United Nations.
    • 1992 – Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, Nepal killing all 113 people on board.
    • 1999 – Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector: NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon’s surface.
    • 2006 – Fidel Castro hands over power to his brother, Raúl.
    • 2007 – Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and the longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.
    • 2012 – Michael Phelps breaks the record set in 1964 by Larisa Latynina for the most medals won at the Olympics.
    • 2014 – Gas explosions in the southern Taiwanese city of Kaohsiung kill at least 20 people and injure more than 270.

    Births on July 31

    • 1143 – Emperor Nijō of Japan (d. 1165)
    • 1396 – Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1467)
    • 1526 – Augustus, Elector of Saxony (d. 1586)
    • 1527 – Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1576)
    • 1595 – Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1641)
    • 1598 – Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (d. 1654)
    • 1686 – Charles of France, Duke of Berry (d. 1714)
    • 1702 – Jean Denis Attiret, French missionary and painter (d. 1768)
    • 1704 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1752)
    • 1718 – John Canton, English physicist and academic (d. 1772)
    • 1724 – Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer and author (d. 1801)
    • 1759 – Ignaz Anton von Indermauer, Austrian nobleman and government official (d. 1796)
    • 1777 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentinian priest and politician (d. 1849)
    • 1796 – Jean-Gaspard Deburau, Czech-French actor and mime (d. 1846)
    • 1800 – Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist and academic (d. 1882)
    • 1803 – John Ericsson, Swedish-American engineer, co-designed the USS Princeton and the Novelty Locomotive (d. 1889)
    • 1816 – George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870)
    • 1826 – William S. Clark, American colonel and politician (d. 1886)
    • 1835 – Henri Brisson, French lawyer and politician, 50th Prime Minister of France (d. 1912)
    • 1835 – Paul Du Chaillu, French-American anthropologist and explorer (d. 1903)
    • 1836 – Vasily Sleptsov, Russian author and activist (d. 1878)
    • 1837 – William Quantrill, American captain (d. 1865)
    • 1839 – Ignacio Andrade, Venezuelan general and politician, 25th President of Venezuela (d. 1925)
    • 1843 – Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet and author (d. 1918)
    • 1847 – Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1905)
    • 1854 – José Canalejas, Spanish academic and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1912)
    • 1858 – Richard Dixon Oldham, English seismologist and geologist (d. 1936)
    • 1858 – Marion Talbot, influential American educator (d. 1948)
    • 1860 – Mary Vaux Walcott, American painter and illustrator (d. 1940)
    • 1867 – S. S. Kresge, American businessman, founded Kmart (d. 1966)
    • 1875 – Jacques Villon, French painter (d. 1963)
    • 1877 – Louisa Bolus, South African botanist and taxonomist (d. 1970)
    • 1880 – Premchand, Indian author and playwright (d. 1936)
    • 1883 – Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (d. 1959)
    • 1884 – Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, Polish-German economist and politician (d. 1945)
    • 1886 – Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American mob boss (d. 1931)
    • 1886 – Fred Quimby, American animation producer (d. 1965)
    • 1887 – Hans Freyer, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1969)
    • 1892 – Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist and publisher, founded Worldwide Church of God (d. 1986)
    • 1892 – Joseph Charbonneau, Canadian archbishop (d. 1959)
    • 1894 – Fred Keenor, Welsh footballer (d. 1972)
    • 1901 – Jean Dubuffet, French painter and sculptor (d. 1985)
    • 1902 – Gubby Allen, Australian-English cricketer and soldier (d. 1989)
    • 1904 – Brett Halliday, American engineer, surveyor, and author (d. 1977)
    • 1909 – Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Austrian theorist and author (d. 1999)
    • 1911 – George Liberace, American violinist (d. 1983)
    • 1912 – Bill Brown, Australian cricketer (d. 2008)
    • 1912 – Milton Friedman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
    • 1912 – Irv Kupcinet, American football player and journalist (d. 2003)
    • 1913 – Bryan Hextall, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)
    • 1914 – Paul J. Christiansen, American conductor and composer (d. 1997)
    • 1914 – Louis de Funès, French actor and screenwriter (d. 1983)
    • 1916 – Sibte Hassan, Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (d. 1986)
    • 1916 – Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2006)
    • 1916 – Bill Todman, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)
    • 1918 – Paul D. Boyer, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
    • 1918 – Hank Jones, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2010)
    • 1918 – Frank Renouf, New Zealand businessman and financier (d. 1998)
    • 1919 – Hemu Adhikari, Indian cricketer (d. 2003)
    • 1919 – Curt Gowdy, American sportscaster and actor (d. 2006)
    • 1919 – Primo Levi, Italian chemist and author (d. 1987)
    • 1920 – James E. Faust, American religious leader, lawyer, and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1921 – Peter Benenson, English lawyer and activist, founded Amnesty International (d. 2005)
    • 1921 – Donald Malarkey, American sergeant and author (d. 2017)
    • 1921 – Whitney Young, American activist (d. 1971)
    • 1922 – Hank Bauer, American baseball player and manager (d. 2007)
    • 1923 – Ahmet Ertegun, Turkish-American songwriter and producer, founded Atlantic Records (d. 2006)
    • 1923 – Stephanie Kwolek, American chemist and engineer, invented Kevlar (d. 2014)
    • 1924 – Jimmy Evert, American tennis player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1925 – Carmel Quinn, Irish singer, actress and writer
    • 1925 – John Swainson, Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd Governor of Michigan (d. 1994)
    • 1926 – Bernard Nathanson, American physician and activist (d. 2011)
    • 1926 – Hilary Putnam, American mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher (d. 2016)
    • 1927 – Peter Nichols, English author and playwright (d. 2019)
    • 1928 – Bill Frenzel, American lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)
    • 1929 – Lynne Reid Banks, English author
    • 1929 – Gilles Carle, Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1929 – Don Murray, American actor
    • 1929 – José Santamaría, Uruguayan footballer and manager
    • 1931 – Nick Bollettieri, American tennis player and coach
    • 1931 – Kenny Burrell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1932 – Ted Cassidy, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1979)
    • 1932 – John Searle, American philosopher and academic
    • 1933 – Cees Nooteboom, Dutch journalist, author, and poet
    • 1935 – Yvon Deschamps, Canadian comedian, actor, and producer
    • 1935 – Geoffrey Lewis, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1939 – Steuart Bedford, English pianist and conductor
    • 1939 – Susan Flannery, American actress
    • 1939 – France Nuyen, Vietnamese-French actress
    • 1941 – Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Gujarat (d. 2004)
    • 1943 – William Bennett, American journalist and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Education
    • 1943 – Lobo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1944 – Geraldine Chaplin, American actress and screenwriter
    • 1944 – Jonathan Dimbleby, English journalist and author
    • 1944 – Sherry Lansing, American film producer
    • 1944 – Robert C. Merton, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1944 – David Norris, Irish scholar and politician
    • 1945 – William Weld, American lawyer and politician, 68th Governor of Massachusetts
    • 1946 – Gary Lewis, American pop-rock musician
    • 1947 – Karl Green, English bass player and songwriter (Herman’s Hermits)
    • 1947 – Richard Griffiths, English actor (d. 2013)
    • 1947 – Mumtaz, Indian actress
    • 1947 – Hubert Védrine, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1947 – Ian Beck, English children’s illustrator and author
    • 1948 – Russell Morris, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1949 – Mike Jackson, American basketball player
    • 1949 – Alan Meale, English journalist and politician
    • 1950 – Richard Berry, French actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1951 – Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Australian tennis player
    • 1952 – Chris Ahrens, American ice hockey player
    • 1952 – Alan Autry, American football player, actor, and politician, 23rd Mayor of Fresno, California
    • 1952 – Helmuts Balderis, Latvian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1952 – João Barreiros, Portuguese author and critic
    • 1952 – Faye Kellerman, American author
    • 1953 – Ted Baillieu, Australian architect and politician, 46th Premier of Victoria
    • 1953 – Jimmy Cook, South African cricketer and coach
    • 1953 – Hugh McDowell, English cellist
    • 1954 – Derek Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1956 – Michael Biehn, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1956 – Bill Callahan, American football player and coach
    • 1956 – Ron Kuby, American lawyer and radio host
    • 1956 – Deval Patrick, American lawyer and politician, 71st Governor of Massachusetts
    • 1956 – Lynne Rae Perkins, American author and illustrator
    • 1957 – Daniel Ash, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1957 – Mark Thompson, English business executive
    • 1958 – Bill Berry, American drummer and songwriter
    • 1958 – Mark Cuban, American businessman and television personality
    • 1958 – Suzanne Giraud, French music editor and composer
    • 1959 – Stanley Jordan, American guitarist, pianist, and songwriter
    • 1959 – Andrew Marr, Scottish journalist and author
    • 1959 – Kim Newman, English journalist and author
    • 1960 – Dale Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1960 – Malcolm Ross, Scottish guitarist and songwriter
    • 1961 – Frank Gardner, English captain and journalist
    • 1961 – Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, Nigerian banker, royal
    • 1962 – John Chiang, American lawyer and politician, 31st California State Controller
    • 1962 – Kevin Greene, American football player and coach
    • 1962 – Wesley Snipes, American actor and producer
    • 1963 – Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim), English DJ and musician
    • 1963 – Fergus Henderson, English chef and author
    • 1963 – Brian Skrudland, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1964 – Jim Corr, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1964 – Urmas Hepner, Estonian footballer and coach
    • 1965 – Scott Brooks, American basketball player and coach
    • 1965 – John Laurinaitis, American wrestler and producer
    • 1965 – Ian Roberts, English-Australian rugby league player and actor
    • 1965 – J. K. Rowling, English author and film producer
    • 1966 – Dean Cain, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1967 – Tony Massenburg, American basketball player
    • 1967 – Tim Wright, Welsh composer
    • 1968 – Saeed-Al-Saffar, Emirati cricketer
    • 1968 – Julian Richards, Welsh director and producer
    • 1969 – Antonio Conte, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1969 – Loren Dean, American actor
    • 1969 – Kenneth D. Schisler, American lawyer and politician
    • 1970 – Ahmad Akbarpour, Iranian author and poet
    • 1970 – Ben Chaplin, English actor
    • 1970 – Andrzej Kobylański, Polish footballer and manager
    • 1970 – Giorgos Sigalas, Greek basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1971 – Gus Frerotte, American football player and coach
    • 1973 – Nathan Brown, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1974 – Emilia Fox, English actress
    • 1974 – Leona Naess, American-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1974 – Jonathan Ogden, American football player
    • 1975 – Randy Flores, American baseball player and coach
    • 1975 – Andrew Hall, South African cricketer
    • 1975 – Gabe Kapler, American baseball player and manager
    • 1976 – Joshua Cain, American guitarist and producer
    • 1976 – Paulo Wanchope, Costa Rican footballer and manager
    • 1978 – Zac Brown, American country singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1978 – Nick Sorensen, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1978 – Justin Wilson, English race car driver (d. 2015)
    • 1979 – Jaco Erasmus, South African-Italian rugby player
    • 1979 – J.J. Furmaniak, American baseball player
    • 1979 – Per Krøldrup, Danish footballer
    • 1979 – Carlos Marchena, Spanish footballer
    • 1979 – B.J. Novak, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1980 – Mikko Hirvonen, Finnish race car driver
    • 1980 – Mils Muliaina, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1981 – Titus Bramble, English footballer
    • 1981 – Vernon Carey, American football player
    • 1981 – Paul Whatuira, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1981 – M. Shadows, American musician, lead singer of Avenged Sevenfold
    • 1982 – Anabel Medina Garrigues, Spanish tennis player
    • 1982 – DeMarcus Ware, American football player
    • 1985 – Daniel Ciofani, Italian footballer
    • 1985 – Rémy Di Gregorio, French cyclist
    • 1986 – Evgeni Malkin, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Brian Orakpo, American football player
    • 1987 – Michael Bradley, American soccer player
    • 1988 – Alex Glenn, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1989 – Victoria Azarenka, Belorussian tennis player
    • 1991 – Réka Luca Jani, Hungarian tennis player
    • 1992 – José Fernández, Cuban baseball player (d. 2016)
    • 1992 – Ryan Johansen, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1992 – Kyle Larson, American race car driver
    • 1994 – Lil Uzi Vert, American hip hop artist

    Deaths on July 31

    • 54 BC – Aurelia Cotta, Roman mother of Gaius Julius Caesar (b. 120 BC)
    • 450 – Peter Chrysologus, Italian bishop and saint (b. 380)
    • 910 – Feng Xingxi, Chinese warlord
    • 975 – Fu Yanqing, Chinese general (b. 898)
    • 1098 – Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury
    • 1358 – Étienne Marcel, French rebel leader (b. 1302)
    • 1396 – William Courtenay, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (b. 1342)
    • 1508 – Na’od, Ethiopian emperor
    • 1556 – Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish priest and theologian, founded the Society of Jesus (b. 1491)
    • 1616 – Roger Wilbraham, Solicitor-General for Ireland (b. 1553)
    • 1638 – Sibylla Schwarz, German poet (b. 1621)
    • 1653 – Thomas Dudley, English soldier and politician, 3rd Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1576)
    • 1693 – Willem Kalf, Dutch still life painter (b. 1619)
    • 1726 – Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and theorist (b. 1695)
    • 1750 – John V, king of Portugal (b. 1689)
    • 1762 – Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla, Spanish sailor and commander (b. 1711)
    • 1781 – John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, British parliamentarian (b. 1719)
    • 1784 – Denis Diderot, French philosopher and critic (b. 1713)
    • 1805 – Dheeran Chinnamalai, Indian soldier (b. 1756)
    • 1864 – Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (b. 1800)
    • 1875 – Andrew Johnson, American general and politician, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808)
    • 1884 – Kiến Phúc, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1869)
    • 1886 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)
    • 1891 – Jean-Baptiste Capronnier, Belgian stained glass painter (b. 1814)
    • 1913 – John Milne, British geologist and mining engineer. (b. 1850)
    • 1914 – Jean Jaurès, French journalist and politician (b. 1859)
    • 1917 – Hedd Wyn, Welsh language poet (b. 1887)
    • 1917 – Francis Ledwidge, Irish soldier and poet (b. 1881)
    • 1920 – Ion Dragoumis, Greek philosopher and diplomat (b. 1878)
    • 1940 – Udham Singh, Indian activist (b. 1899)
    • 1943 – Hedley Verity, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1905)
    • 1942 – Francis Younghusband, British Army Officer, explorer and spiritual writer (b.1863)
    • 1944 – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and poet (b. 1900)
    • 1953 – Robert A. Taft, American soldier and politician (b. 1889)
    • 1954 – Onofre Marimón, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1923)
    • 1958 – Eino Kaila, Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (b. 1890)
    • 1964 – Jim Reeves, American singer-songwriter (b. 1923)
    • 1966 – Bud Powell, American pianist (b. 1924)
    • 1968 – Jack Pizzey, Australian politician, 29th Premier of Queensland (b. 1911)
    • 1971 – Walter P. Carter, American soldier and activist (b. 1923)
    • 1972 – Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian lawyer and politician, 40th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1899)
    • 1973 – Azumafuji Kin’ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th Yokozuna (b. 1921)
    • 1979 – Beatrix Lehmann, English actress and director (b. 1903)
    • 1980 – Pascual Jordan, German physicist, author, and academic (b. 1902)
    • 1980 – Mohammed Rafi, Indian playback singer (b. 1924)
    • 1981 – Omar Torrijos, Panamanian general and politician, Military Leader of Panama (b. 1929)
    • 1985 – Eugene Carson Blake, American religious leader (b. 1906)
    • 1986 – Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat (b. 1900)
    • 1987 – Joseph E. Levine, American film producer (b, 1905)
    • 1990 – Albert Leduc, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
    • 1992 – Leonard Cheshire, English captain and pilot (b. 1917)
    • 1992 – Md. Abdul Wajed Chowdhury, Bangladeshi politician.
    • 1993 – Baudouin, King of Belgium (b. 1930)
    • 2000 – William Keepers Maxwell Jr., American editor, novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1908)
    • 2001 – Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese general and politician, 15th President of Portugal (b. 1914)
    • 2001 – Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1910)
    • 2003 – Guido Crepax, Italian author and illustrator (b. 1933)
    • 2004 – Virginia Grey, American actress (b. 1917)
    • 2005 – Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician, 1st President of the European Central Bank (b. 1935)
    • 2009 – Bobby Robson, English footballer and manager (b. 1933)
    • 2009 – Harry Alan Towers, English-Canadian screenwriter and producer (b. 1920)
    • 2012 – Mollie Hunter, Scottish author and playwright (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – Alfredo Ramos, Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Gore Vidal, American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Tony Sly, American musician, singer-songwriter (b. 1970)
    • 2013 – Michael Ansara, Syrian-American actor (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Michel Donnet, English-Belgian general and pilot (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – John Graves, American captain and author (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (b. 1930)
    • 2014 – Warren Bennis, American scholar, author, and academic (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Nabarun Bhattacharya, Indian journalist and author (b. 1948)
    • 2014 – Jeff Bourne, English footballer (b. 1948)
    • 2014 – Wilfred Feinberg, American lawyer and judge (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Alan Cheuse, American writer and critic (b. 1940)
    • 2015 – Howard W. Jones, American surgeon and academic (b. 1910)
    • 2015 – Billy Pierce, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)
    • 2015 – Roddy Piper, Canadian wrestler and actor (b. 1954)
    • 2015 – Richard Schweiker, American soldier and politician, 14th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (b. 1926)
    • 2016 – Chiyonofuji Mitsugu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 58th Yokozuna (b. 1955)
    • 2016 – Seymour Papert, South African mathematician (b. 1928)
    • 2017 – Jeanne Moreau, French actress (b. 1928)
    • 2018 – Tony Bullimore, British sailor & businessman (b. 1939)
    • 2019 – Harold Prince, noted Broadway producer and director, who received more Tony awards than anyone else in history (b. 1928)

    Holidays and observances on July 31

    • Christian feast day:
      • Abanoub
      • Germanus of Auxerre
      • Ignatius of Loyola
      • Neot
      • July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which the Feast of Kamál (Perfection) can fall, while August 1 is the latest; observed on the first day of the eighth month of the Bahá’í calendar. (Bahá’í Faith)
    • End of the Trinity term (sitting of the High Court of Justice of England)
    • Ka Hae Hawaiʻi Day (Hawaii, United States), and its related observance:
      • Sovereignty Restoration Day (Hawaiian sovereignty movement)
    • Martyrdom Day of Shahid Udham Singh (Haryana and Punjab, India)
    • Treasury Day (Poland)
    • Warriors’ Day (Malaysia)

  • July 21- History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson.
    • 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope.
    • 285 – Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar and co-ruler.
    • 365 – The 365 Crete earthquake affects the Greek island of Crete with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing a destructive tsunami that affects the coasts of Libya and Egypt, especially Alexandria. Many thousands were killed.
    • 905 – King Berengar I of Italy and a hired Hungarian army defeats the Frankish forces at Verona. King Louis III is captured and blinded for breaking his oath (see 902).
    • 1242 – Battle of Taillebourg: Louis IX of France puts an end to the revolt of his vassals Henry III of England and Hugh X of Lusignan.
    • 1403 – Battle of Shrewsbury: King Henry IV of England defeats rebels to the north of the county town of Shropshire, England.
    • 1545 – The first landing of French troops on the coast of the Isle of Wight during the French invasion of the Isle of Wight.
    • 1568 – Eighty Years’ War: Battle of Jemmingen: Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alva defeats Louis of Nassau.
    • 1645 – Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
    • 1656 – The Raid on Málaga takes place during the Anglo-Spanish War.
    • 1718 – The Treaty of Passarowitz between the Ottoman Empire, Austria and the Republic of Venice is signed.
    • 1774 – Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.
    • 1798 – French campaign in Egypt and Syria: Napoleon’s forces defeat an Ottoman-Mamluk army near Cairo in the Battle of the Pyramids.
    • 1831 – Inauguration of Leopold I of Belgium, first king of the Belgians.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.
    • 1865 – In the market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first western showdown.
    • 1873 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West.
    • 1877 – After rioting by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers and the deaths of nine rail workers at the hands of the Maryland militia, workers in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, stage a sympathy strike that is met with an assault by the state militia.
    • 1904 – Louis Rigolly, a Frenchman, becomes the first man to break the 100 mph (161 km/h) barrier on land. He drove a 15-liter Gobron-Brillié in Ostend, Belgium.
    • 1907 – The passenger steamer SS Columbia sinks after colliding with the steam schooner San Pedro off Shelter Cove, California, killing 88 people.
    • 1919 – The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express crashes into the Illinois Trust and Savings Building in Chicago, killing 12 people.
    • 1925 – Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100.
    • 1925 – Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h).
    • 1944 – World War II: Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam, starting a battle that will end on August 10.
    • 1944 – World War II: Claus von Stauffenberg and fellow conspirators are tortured and executed in Berlin, Germany, for the July 20 plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
    • 1949 – The United States Senate ratifies the North Atlantic Treaty.
    • 1952 – The 7.3 Mw  Kern County earthquake strikes Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds.
    • 1954 – First Indochina War: The Geneva Conference partitions Vietnam into North Vietnam and South Vietnam.
    • 1959 – NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, is launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace” initiative.
    • 1959 – Elijah Jerry “Pumpsie” Green becomes the first African-American to play for the Boston Red Sox, the last team to integrate. He came in as a pinch runner for Vic Wertz and stayed in as shortstop in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox.
    • 1960 – Sirimavo Bandaranaike is elected Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, becoming the world’s first female head of government
    • 1961 – Mercury program: Mercury-Redstone 4 Mission: Gus Grissom piloting Liberty Bell 7 becomes the second American to go into space (in a suborbital mission).
    • 1969 – Apollo program: At 02:56 UTC, astronaut Neil Armstrong becomes the first person to walk on the Moon.
    • 1970 – After 11 years of construction, the Aswan High Dam in Egypt is completed.
    • 1972 – The Troubles: Bloody Friday: The Provisional IRA detonate 22 bombs in central Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom in the space of 80 minutes, killing nine and injuring 130.
    • 1973 – In Lillehammer, Norway, Mossad agents kill a waiter whom they mistakenly thought was involved in the 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre.
    • 1976 – Christopher Ewart-Biggs, the British ambassador to the Republic of Ireland, is assassinated by the Provisional IRA.
    • 1977 – The start of the four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War.
    • 1979 – Jay Silverheels, a Mohawk actor, becomes the first Native American to have a star commemorated in the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
    • 1983 – The world’s lowest temperature in an inhabited location is recorded at Vostok Station, Antarctica at −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F).
    • 1990 – Taiwan’s military police forces mainland Chinese illegal immigrants into sealed holds of a fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5540 for repatriation to Fujian, causing 25 people to die from suffocation.
    • 1995 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The People’s Liberation Army begins firing missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.
    • 2001 – At the conclusion of a fireworks display on Okura Beach in Akashi, Hyōgo, Japan, 11 people are killed and more than 120 are injured when a pedestrian footbridge connecting the beach to JR Asagiri Station becomes overcrowded and people leaving the event fall down in a domino effect.
    • 2005 – July 2005 London bombings occur.
    • 2008 – Ram Baran Yadav is declared the first president of Nepal.
    • 2011 – NASA’s Space Shuttle program ends with the landing of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-135 at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center.
    • 2012 – Erden Eruç completes the first solo human-powered circumnavigation of the world.

    Births on July 21

    • 541 – Emperor Wen of Sui, emperor of the Sui Dynasty (d. 604)
    • 1030 – Kyansittha, King of Burma (d. 1112)
    • 1414 – Pope Sixtus IV (d. 1484)
    • 1462 – Queen Jeonghyeon, Korean royal consort (d. 1530)
    • 1476 – Alfonso I d’Este, Duke of Ferrara (d. 1534)
    • 1476 – Anna Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1497)
    • 1515 – Philip Neri, Italian Roman Catholic saint (d. 1595)
    • 1535 – García Hurtado de Mendoza, 5th Marquis of Cañete, Royal Governor of Chile (d. 1609)
    • 1616 – Anna de’ Medici, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1676)
    • 1620 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (d. 1682)
    • 1648 – John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (d. 1689)
    • 1654 – Pedro Calungsod, Filipino catechist and sacristan; later canonized (d. 1672)
    • 1664 – Matthew Prior, English poet and diplomat, British Ambassador to France (d. 1721)
    • 1693 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1768)
    • 1710 – Paul Möhring, German physician, botanist, and zoologist (d. 1792)
    • 1783 – Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon, French general (d. 1853)
    • 1808 – Simion Bărnuțiu, Romanian historian, academic, and politician (d. 1864)
    • 1810 – Henri Victor Regnault, French chemist and physicist (d. 1878)
    • 1811 – Robert Mackenzie, Scottish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of Queensland (d. 1873)
    • 1816 – Paul Reuter, German-English journalist, founded Reuters (d. 1899)
    • 1858 – Maria Christina of Austria (d. 1929)
    • 1858 – Lovis Corinth, German painter (d. 1925)
    • 1858 – Alfred Henry O’Keeffe, New Zealand painter and educator (d. 1941)
    • 1863 – C. Aubrey Smith, English-American cricketer and actor (d. 1948)
    • 1866 – Carlos Schwabe, Swiss Symbolist painter and printmaker (d. 1926)
    • 1870 – Emil Orlík, Czech painter, etcher, and lithographer (d. 1932)
    • 1875 – Charles Gondouin, French rugby player and tug of war competitor (d. 1947)
    • 1880 – Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovak astronomer, general, and politician (d. 1919)
    • 1882 – David Burliuk, Ukrainian author and illustrator (d. 1967)
    • 1885 – Jacques Feyder, Belgian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1948)
    • 1891 – Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower and soldier (d. 1969)
    • 1893 – Hans Fallada, German author (d. 1947)
    • 1896 – Sophie Bledsoe Aberle, Native American anthropologist, physician and nutritionist (d. 1996)
    • 1898 – Sara Carter, American singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
    • 1899 – Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932)
    • 1899 – Ernest Hemingway, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
    • 1900 – Isadora Bennett, American theatre manager and modern dance publicity agent (d. 1980)
    • 1903 – Russell Lee, American photographer and journalist (d. 1986)
    • 1903 – Roy Neuberger, American businessman and financier, co-founded Neuberger Berman (d. 2010)
    • 1908 – Jug McSpaden, American golfer and architect (d. 1996)
    • 1911 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author and theorist (d. 1980)
    • 1911 – Umashankar Joshi, Indian author, poet, and scholar (d. 1988)
    • 1914 – Aleksander Kreek, Estonian shot putter and discus thrower (d. 1977)
    • 1917 – Alan B. Gold, Canadian lawyer and jurist (d. 2005)
    • 1920 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter, sculptor, and illustrator (d. 2005)
    • 1920 – Isaac Stern, Polish violinist and conductor (d. 2001)
    • 1920 – Jean Daniel, Algerian-French-Jewish journalist and author (d. 2020)
    • 1921 – James Cooke Brown, American sociologist and author (d. 2000)
    • 1921 – John Horsley, English actor (d. 2014)
    • 1921 – Vusamazulu Credo Mutwa, Zulu sangoma (d. 2020)
    • 1922 – Kay Starr, American singer (d. 2016)
    • 1922 – Mollie Sugden, English actress (d. 2009)
    • 1923 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1923 – Queenie Watts, English actress and singer (d. 1980)
    • 1924 – Rahimuddin Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 7th Governor of Balochistan
    • 1924 – Don Knotts, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1926 – Paul Burke, American actor (d. 2009)
    • 1925 – Johnny Peirson, Canadian hockey player
    • 1926 – Norman Jewison, Canadian actor, director, and producer
    • 1926 – Bill Pertwee, English actor (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Karel Reisz, Czech-English director and producer (d. 2002)
    • 1928 – Sky Low Low, Canadian wrestler (d. 1998)
    • 1929 – Bob Orton, American wrestler (d. 2006)
    • 1930 – Anand Bakshi, Indian poet and songwriter (d. 2002)
    • 1930 – Helen Merrill, American singer
    • 1931 – Sonny Clark, American pianist and composer (d. 1963)
    • 1931 – Plas Johnson, American saxophonist
    • 1931 – Leon Schidlowsky, Chilean-Israeli painter and composer
    • 1932 – Kaye Stevens, American singer and actress (d. 2011)
    • 1933 – John Gardner, American novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1982)
    • 1934 – Chandu Borde, Indian cricketer and manager
    • 1934 – Jonathan Miller, English actor, director, and author (d. 2019)
    • 1935 – Norbert Blüm, German businessman and politician
    • 1935 – Moe Drabowsky, Polish-American baseball player and coach (d. 2006)
    • 1937 – Eduard Streltsov, Soviet footballer (d. 1990)
    • 1938 – Les Aspin, American captain and politician, 18th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 1995)
    • 1938 – Anton Kuerti, Austrian-Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor
    • 1938 – Janet Reno, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General (d. 2016)
    • 1939 – Jamey Aebersold, American saxophonist and educator
    • 1939 – Kim Fowley, American singer-songwriter, producer, and manager (d. 2015)
    • 1939 – John Negroponte, English-American diplomat, 23rd United States Ambassador to the United Nations
    • 1943 – Fritz Glatz, Austrian race car driver (d. 2002)
    • 1943 – Edward Herrmann, American actor (d. 2014)
    • 1943 – Henry McCullough, Northern Irish guitarist, singer and songwriter (d. 2016)
    • 1944 – John Atta Mills, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Ghana (d. 2012)
    • 1944 – Buchi Emecheta, Nigerian author and academic (d. 2017)
    • 1944 – Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (d. 2002)
    • 1945 – Wendy Cope, English poet, critic, and educator
    • 1945 – Geoff Dymock, Australian cricketer
    • 1945 – Barry Richards, South African cricketer
    • 1946 – Ken Starr, American lawyer and judge, 39th Solicitor General of the United States
    • 1946 – Timothy Harris, American author, screenwriter and producer
    • 1947 – Chetan Chauhan, Indian cricketer and politician
    • 1948 – Art Hindle, Canadian actor and director
    • 1948 – Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam), English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1948 – Garry Trudeau, American cartoonist
    • 1949 – Christina Hart, American playwright and actress
    • 1949 – Hirini Melbourne, New Zealand singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2003)
    • 1950 – Ubaldo Fillol, Argentinian footballer and coach
    • 1950 – Susan Kramer, Baroness Kramer, English politician, Minister of State for Transport
    • 1951 – Richard Gozney, English politician and diplomat, 30th Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man, 139th Governor of Bermuda
    • 1951 – Robin Williams, American actor, singer, and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1952 – John Barrasso, American physician and politician
    • 1952 – Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah, Malaysian economist
    • 1953 – Eric Bazilian, American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer (The Hooters)
    • 1953 – Jeff Fatt, Australian keyboard player and actor
    • 1953 – Bernie Fraser, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1953 – Brian Talbot, English footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Howie Epstein, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 2003)
    • 1955 – Dannel Malloy, American lawyer and politician, 88th Governor of Connecticut
    • 1955 – Henry Priestman, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
    • 1955 – Taco, Indonesian-born Dutch singer and entertainer
    • 1955 – Béla Tarr, Hungarian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1956 – Michael Connelly, American author
    • 1957 – Stefan Löfven, Swedish trade union leader and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of Sweden
    • 1957 – Jon Lovitz, American comedian, actor, and producer
    • 1958 – Dave Henderson, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2015)
    • 1959 – Gene Miles, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
    • 1959 – Reha Muhtar, Turkish journalist
    • 1959 – Paul Vautin, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1960 – Amar Singh Chamkila, Indian singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
    • 1960 – Veselin Matić, Serbian basketball player and coach
    • 1960 – Fritz Walter, German footballer
    • 1961 – Morris Iemma, Australian politician, 40th Premier of New South Wales
    • 1961 – Jim Martin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1962 – Victor Adebowale, Baron Adebowale, English businessman
    • 1963 – Kevin Poole, English footballer and manager
    • 1963 – Giant Silva, Brazilian basketball player, mixed martial artist, and wrestler
    • 1964 – Steve Collins, Irish boxer and actor
    • 1964 – Ross Kemp, English actor and producer
    • 1964 – Jens Weißflog, German ski jumper and journalist
    • 1965 – Guðni Bergsson, Icelandic footballer and lawyer
    • 1965 – Mike Bordick, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1966 – Arija Bareikis, American actress
    • 1966 – Sarah Waters, Welsh author and academic
    • 1968 – Brandi Chastain, American soccer player and sportscaster
    • 1968 – Aditya Srivastava, Indian actor
    • 1968 – Lyle Odelein, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1969 – Godfrey, American comedian and actor
    • 1969 – Klaus Graf, German race car driver
    • 1969 – Emerson Hart, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1969 – Isabell Werth, German equestrian
    • 1970 – Michael Fitzpatrick, American singer-songwriter
    • 1971 – Emmanuel Bangué, French long jumper
    • 1971 – Charlotte Gainsbourg, English-French actress and singer
    • 1971 – Nitzan Shirazi, Israeli footballer and manager (d. 2014)
    • 1972 – Korey Cooper, American singer and guitarist
    • 1972 – Catherine Ndereba, Kenyan marathon runner
    • 1974 – Geoff Jenkins, American baseball player and coach
    • 1974 – René Reinumägi, Estonian actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1975 – Christopher Barzak, American author and educator
    • 1975 – Cara Dillon, Irish singer-songwriter
    • 1975 – Ravindra Pushpakumara, Sri Lankan cricketer
    • 1975 – Mike Sellers, American football player
    • 1976 – Jaime Murray, English actress
    • 1977 – Paul Casey, English golfer
    • 1978 – Justin Bartha, American actor
    • 1978 – Anderson da Silva Gibin, Brazilian footballer
    • 1978 – Josh Hartnett, American actor
    • 1978 – Julian Huppert, English academic and politician
    • 1978 – Damian Marley, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1978 – Gary Teale, Scottish footballer
    • 1979 – David Carr, American football player
    • 1979 – Tamika Catchings, American basketball player
    • 1979 – Luis Ernesto Michel, Mexican footballer
    • 1979 – Andriy Voronin, Ukrainian footballer
    • 1980 – Justin Griffith, American football player
    • 1980 – Sandra Laoura, French skier
    • 1980 – CC Sabathia, American baseball player
    • 1980 – Yvonne Sampson, Australian journalist and sportscaster
    • 1981 – Paloma Faith, English singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1981 – Anabelle Langlois, Canadian figure skater
    • 1981 – Joaquín, Spanish footballer
    • 1981 – Romeo Santos, American singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Stefan Schumacher, German cyclist
    • 1982 – Jason Cram, Australian swimmer
    • 1982 – Mao Kobayashi, Japanese newscaster and actress (d. 2017)
    • 1984 – Jurrick Juliana, Dutch footballer
    • 1984 – Liam Ridgewell, English footballer
    • 1985 – Mati Lember, Estonian footballer
    • 1985 – Von Wafer, American basketball player
    • 1986 – Anthony Annan, Ghanaian footballer
    • 1986 – Rebecca Ferguson, American-English singer-songwriter
    • 1986 – Jason Thompson, American basketball player
    • 1987 – Bilel Mohsni, French footballer
    • 1987 – Jesús Zavala, Mexican footballer
    • 1988 – KB, American rapper
    • 1988 – DeAndre Jordan, American basketball player
    • 1988 – Chris Mitchell, Scottish footballer (d. 2016)
    • 1989 – Marco Fabián, Mexican footballer
    • 1989 – Juno Temple, English actress
    • 1990 – Chris Martin, English footballer
    • 1990 – Jason Roy, English cricketer
    • 1990 – Erislandy Savón, Cuban amateur heavyweight boxer
    • 1990 – Franck Elemba, Congolese athlete
    • 1991 – Sara Sampaio, Portuguese model
    • 1992 – Rachael Flatt, American figure skater
    • 1996 – Mikael Ingebrigtsen, Norwegian footballer
    • 1998 – Thomas Preining, Austrian racing driver

    Deaths on July 21

    • 658 – K’an II, Mayan ruler (b. 588)
    • 710 – Li Guo’er, princess of the Tang dynasty
    • 710 – Wei, empress of the Tang Dynasty
    • 710 – Shangguan Wan’er, Chinese poet (b. 664)
    • 987 – Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou
    • 1259 – Gojong of Goryeo
    • 1403 – Henry Percy, English soldier (b. 1364)
    • 1403 – Sir Walter Blount, English soldier, standard-bearer of Henry IV
    • 1403 – Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, English soldier
    • 1425 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1350)
    • 1552 – Antonio de Mendoza, Spanish politician, 1st Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1495)
    • 1688 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English soldier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1610)
    • 1793 – Antoine Bruni d’Entrecasteaux, French admiral, explorer, and politician (b. 1739)
    • 1796 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet and songwriter (b. 1759)
    • 1798 – François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix, Count of Clerfayt, Austrian field marshal (b. 1733)
    • 1798 – Anthony Perry, Irish rebel leader (b. ca. 1760)
    • 1868 – William Bland, Australian surgeon and politician (b. 1789)
    • 1878 – Sam Bass, American outlaw (b. 1851)
    • 1880 – Hiram Walden, American general and politician (b. 1800)
    • 1889 – Nelson Dewey, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Wisconsin (b. 1813)
    • 1899 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1833)
    • 1920 – Fiammetta Wilson, English astronomer and educator (b. 1864)
    • 1932 – Bill Gleason, American baseball player (b. 1858)
    • 1934 – Hubert Lyautey, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (b. 1854)
    • 1938 – Owen Wister, American lawyer and author (b. 1860)
    • 1941 – Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian poet and scholar (b. 1872)
    • 1943 – Charley Paddock, American runner and actor (b. 1900)
    • 1943 – Louis Vauxcelles, French Jewish art critic (b. 1870)
    • 1944 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German soldier (b. 1907)
    • 1946 – Gualberto Villarroel, Bolivian soldier and politician, 45th President of Bolivia (b. 1908)
    • 1948 – Arshile Gorky, Armenian-American painter and illustrator (b. 1904)
    • 1952 – Pedro Lascuráin, Mexican politician, president for 45 minutes on February 13, 1913. (b. 1856)
    • 1966 – Philipp Frank, Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher, Vienna Circle member (b. 1884)
    • 1967 – Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1907)
    • 1967 – Albert Lutuli, South African academic and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
    • 1967 – Basil Rathbone, South African-American actor and singer (b. 1892)
    • 1968 – Ruth St. Denis, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1878)
    • 1970 – Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov, Russian anthropologist and sculptor (b. 1907)
    • 1970 – Bob Kalsu, American football player and lieutenant (b. 1945)
    • 1972 – Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (b. 1889)
    • 1972 – Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, Bhutanese king (b. 1928)
    • 1977 – Lee Miller, American model and photographer (b. 1907)
    • 1982 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and actor (b. 1913)
    • 1991 – Paul Warwick, English race car driver (b. 1969)
    • 1994 – Marijac, French author and illustrator (b. 1908)
    • 1997 – Olaf Kopvillem, Estonian-Canadian conductor and composer (b. 1926)
    • 1998 – Alan Shepard, American admiral, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1923)
    • 1998 – Robert Young, American actor and singer (b. 1907)
    • 2000 – Marc Reisner, American environmentalist and author (b. 1948)
    • 2002 – Esphyr Slobodkina, Russian-American author and illustrator (b. 1908)
    • 2003 – John Davies, English-New Zealand runner and coach (b. 1938)
    • 2004 – Jerry Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (b. 1929)
    • 2004 – Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
    • 2005 – Long John Baldry, English-Canadian singer and actor (b. 1941)
    • 2005 – Lord Alfred Hayes, English-American wrestler and manager (b. 1928)
    • 2006 – Mako Iwamatsu, Japanese-American actor and singer (b. 1933)
    • 2006 – Ta Mok, Cambodian soldier and monk (b. 1926)
    • 2007 – Dubravko Škiljan, Croatian linguist and academic (b. 1949)
    • 2008 – Donald Stokes, English businessman (b. 1914)
    • 2010 – Luis Corvalán, Chilean educator and politician (b. 1916)
    • 2010 – Ralph Houk, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1919)
    • 2010 – John E. Irving, Canadian businessman (b. 1932)
    • 2012 – Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-American journalist and author (b. 1941)
    • 2012 – Marie Kruckel, American baseball player (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Ali Podrimja, Albanian poet and author (b. 1942)
    • 2012 – James D. Ramage, American admiral and pilot (b. 1916)
    • 2012 – Angharad Rees, English-born Welsh actress (b. 1944)
    • 2012 – Don Wilson, English cricketer and coach (b. 1937)
    • 2013 – Andrea Antonelli, Italian motorcycle racer (b. 1988)
    • 2013 – Lourembam Brojeshori Devi, Indian martial artist (b. 1981)
    • 2013 – Det de Beus, Dutch field hockey player (b. 1958)
    • 2013 – Luis Fernando Rizo-Salom, Colombian-French composer and educator (b. 1971)
    • 2013 – Fred Taylor, American football player and coach (b. 1920)
    • 2014 – Louise Abeita, Isleta Pueblo (Native American) writer, poet, and educator (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – Dan Borislow, American businessman, invented the magicJack (b. 1961)
    • 2014 – Lettice Curtis, English engineer and pilot (b. 1915)
    • 2014 – Hans-Peter Kaul, German lawyer and judge (b. 1943)
    • 2014 – Rilwanu Lukman, Nigerian engineer and politician (b. 1938)
    • 2014 – Kevin Skinner, New Zealand rugby player and boxer (b. 1927)
    • 2015 – Robert Broberg, Swedish singer-songwriter (b. 1940)
    • 2015 – E. L. Doctorow, American novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – Nicholas Gonzalez, American physician (b. 1947)
    • 2015 – Czesław Marchaj, Polish-English sailor and academic (b. 1918)
    • 2015 – Dick Nanninga, Dutch footballer (b. 1949)
    • 2016 – Dennis Green, American football player and coach (b. 1949)
    • 2017 – John Heard, American film and television actor (b. 1946)
    • 2018 – Alene Duerk, U.S. Navy first female admiral (b. 1920)

    Holidays and observances on July 21

    • Christian feast day:
      • Albert John Luthuli (Episcopal Church)
      • Arbogast
      • Barhadbesciabas
      • Carlos of Brazil (Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church)
      • Daniel (Catholic Church)
      • Lawrence of Brindisi
      • Praxedes
      • Victor of Marseilles
      • July 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Liberation Day in 1944 (Guam)
    • Belgian National Day (Belgium)
    • Racial Harmony Day (Singapore)
    • Summer Kazanskaya (Russia)

  • July 9- History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 491 – Odoacer makes a night assault with his Heruli guardsmen, engaging Theoderic the Great in Ad Pinetam. Both sides suffer heavy losses, but in the end Theodoric forces Odoacer back into Ravenna.
    • 551 – A major earthquake strikes Beirut, triggering a devastating tsunami that affected the coastal towns of Byzantine Phoenicia, causing thousands of deaths.
    • 660 – Korean forces under general Kim Yu-sin of Silla defeat the army of Baekje in the Battle of Hwangsanbeol.
    • 869 – The 8.4–9.0 Mw  Sanriku earthquake strikes the area around Sendai in northern Honshu, Japan. Inundation from the tsunami extended several kilometers inland.
    • 969 – The Fatimid general Jawhar leads the Friday prayer in Fustat in the name of Caliph al-Mu’izz li-Din Allah, thereby symbolically completing the Fatimid conquest of Egypt.
    • 1357 – Emperor Charles IV assists in laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague.
    • 1386 – The Old Swiss Confederacy makes great strides in establishing control over its territory by soundly defeating the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Sempach.
    • 1401 – Timur attacks the Jalairid Sultanate and destroys Baghdad.
    • 1540 – King Henry VIII of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.
    • 1572 – Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum.
    • 1609 – Bohemia is granted freedom of religion through the Letter of Majesty by the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II.
    • 1701 – A Bourbon force under Nicolas Catinat withdraws from a smaller Habsburg force under Prince Eugene of Savoy in the Battle of Carpi.
    • 1745 – French victory in the Battle of Melle allows them to capture Ghent in the days after.
    • 1755 – The Braddock Expedition is soundly defeated by a smaller French and Native American force in its attempt to capture Fort Duquesne in what is now downtown Pittsburgh.
    • 1762 – Catherine the Great becomes Empress of Russia following the coup against her husband, Peter III.
    • 1776 – George Washington orders the Declaration of Independence to be read out to members of the Continental Army in Manhattan, while thousands of British troops on Staten Island prepare for the Battle of Long Island.
    • 1789 – In Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution.
    • 1790 – The Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian Baltic fleet.
    • 1793 – The Act Against Slavery in Upper Canada bans the importation of slaves and will free those who are born into slavery after the passage of the Act at 25 years of age.
    • 1807 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed by Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of Russia.
    • 1810 – Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire.
    • 1811 – Explorer David Thompson posts a sign near what is now Sacajawea State Park in Washington state, claiming the Columbia District for the United Kingdom.
    • 1815 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord becomes the first Prime Minister of France.
    • 1816 – Argentina declares independence from Spain.
    • 1821 – Four hundred and seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence.
    • 1850 – U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies after eating raw fruit and iced milk; he is succeeded in office by Vice President Millard Fillmore.
    • 1850 – Persian prophet Báb is executed in Tabriz, Persia.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson ends, giving the Union complete control of the Mississippi River.
    • 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
    • 1875 – The Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule begins, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans.
    • 1877 – The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins.
    • 1893 – Daniel Hale Williams, American heart surgeon, performs the first successful open-heart surgery in United States without anesthesia.
    • 1896 – William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech advocating bimetallism at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
    • 1900 – The Federation of Australia is given royal assent.
    • 1900 – The Governor of Shanxi province in North China orders the execution of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children.
    • 1918 – In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express, killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
    • 1922 – Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking the world swimming record and the ‘minute barrier’.
    • 1932 – The state of São Paulo revolts against the Brazilian Federal Government, starting the Constitutionalist Revolution.
    • 1937 – The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed by the 1937 Fox vault fire.
    • 1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Sicily soon causes the downfall of Mussolini and forces Hitler to break off the Battle of Kursk.
    • 1944 – World War II: American forces take Saipan, bringing the Japanese archipelago within range of B-29 raids, and causing the downfall of the Tojo government.
    • 1944 – World War II: Continuation War: Finland wins the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in northern Europe. The Red Army withdraws its troops from Ihantala and digs into a defensive position, thus ending the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive.
    • 1955 – The Russell–Einstein Manifesto calls for a reduction of the risk of nuclear warfare.
    • 1956 – The 7.7 Mw  Amorgos earthquake shakes the Cyclades island group in the Aegean Sea with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The shaking and the destructive tsunami that followed left fifty-three people dead. A damaging M7.2 aftershock occurred minutes after the mainshock.
    • 1958 – A 7.8 Mw  strike-slip earthquake in Alaska causes a landslide that produces a megatsunami. The runup from the waves reached 525 m (1,722 ft) on the rim of Lituya Bay; five people were killed.
    • 1962 – Starfish Prime tests the effects of a nuclear test at orbital altitudes.
    • 1979 – A car bomb destroys a Renault motor car owned by “Nazi hunters” Serge and Beate Klarsfeld outside their home in France in an unsuccessful assassination attempt.
    • 1982 – Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana, killing all 145 people on board and eight others on the ground.
    • 1986 – The New Zealand Parliament passes the Homosexual Law Reform Act legalising homosexuality in New Zealand.
    • 1993 – The Parliament of Canada passes the Nunavut Act leading to the 1999 creation of Nunavut, dividing the Northwest Territories into arctic (Inuit) and sub-arctic (Dene) lands based on a plebiscite.
    • 1995 – The Navaly church bombing is carried out by the Sri Lanka Air Force killing 125 Tamil civilian refugees.
    • 1999 – Days of student protests begin after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory at the University of Tehran.
    • 2002 – The African Union is established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, replacing the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). The organization’s first chairman is Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa.
    • 2006 – One hundred and twenty-five people are killed when S7 Airlines Flight 778, an Airbus A310 passenger jet, veers off the runway while landing in wet conditions at Irkutsk Airport in Siberia.
    • 2011 – South Sudan gains independence and secedes from Sudan.

    Births on July 9

    • 1249 – Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)
    • 1455 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (d. 1517)
    • 1511 – Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1571)
    • 1526 – Elizabeth of Austria, Polish noble (d. 1545)
    • 1577 – Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English-American soldier and politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1618)
    • 1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1637)
    • 1654 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (d. 1732)
    • 1686 – Philip Livingston, American merchant and politician (d. 1749)
    • 1689 – Alexis Piron, French epigrammatist and playwright (d. 1773)
    • 1721 – Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet and author (d. 1781)
    • 1753 – William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, English admiral and politician, 34th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1825)
    • 1764 – Ann Ward, English author and poet (d. 1823)
    • 1775 – Matthew Lewis, English author and playwright (d. 1818)
    • 1800 – Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German physician, pathologist, and anatomist (d. 1885)
    • 1808 – Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and colonel (d. 1887)
    • 1819 – Elias Howe, American inventor, invented the sewing machine (d. 1867)
    • 1825 – A. C. Gibbs, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of Oregon (d. 1886)
    • 1828 – Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian cardinal (d. 1913)
    • 1834 – Jan Neruda, Czech journalist and poet (d. 1891)
    • 1836 – Camille of Renesse-Breidbach (d. 1904)
    • 1848 – Robert I, Duke of Parma (d. 1907)
    • 1853 – William Turner Dannat, American painter (d. 1929)
    • 1856 – John Verran, English-Australian politician, 26th Premier of South Australia (d. 1932)
    • 1858 – Franz Boas, German-American anthropologist and linguist (d. 1942)
    • 1867 – Georges Lecomte, French author and playwright (d. 1958)
    • 1879 – Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician and parasitologist (d. 1934)
    • 1879 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1936)
    • 1887 – James Ormsbee Chapin, American-Canadian painter and illustrator (d. 1975)
    • 1887 – Saturnino Herrán, Mexican painter (d. 1918)
    • 1887 – Samuel Eliot Morison, American admiral and historian (d. 1976)
    • 1889 – Léo Dandurand, American-Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and referee (d. 1964)
    • 1893 – George Geary, English cricketer and coach (d. 1981)
    • 1901 – Barbara Cartland, prolific English author (d. 2000)
    • 1902 – Peter Acland, English soldier (d. 1993)
    • 1905 – Clarence Campbell, Canadian ice hockey player and referee (d. 1984)
    • 1907 – Eddie Dean, American singer-songwriter (d. 1999)
    • 1908 – Allamah Rasheed Turabi, Pakistani philosopher and scholar (d. 1973)
    • 1908 – Minor White, American photographer, critic, and educator (d. 1976)
    • 1909 – Basil Wolverton, American author and illustrator (d. 1978)
    • 1910 – Govan Mbeki, South African anti-apartheid and ANC leader and activist (d. 2001)
    • 1911 – Mervyn Peake, English author and illustrator (d. 1968)
    • 1911 – John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist and author (d. 2008)
    • 1914 – Willi Stoph, German engineer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of East Germany (d. 1999)
    • 1914 – Mac Wilson, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017)
    • 1915 – David Diamond, American composer and educator (d. 2005)
    • 1915 – Lee Embree, American sergeant and photographer (d. 2008)
    • 1916 – Dean Goffin, New Zealand composer (d. 1984)
    • 1916 – Edward Heath, English colonel and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
    • 1917 – Krystyna Dańko, Polish orphan, survivor of Holocaust (d. 2019)
    • 1918 – Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn, Dutch mathematician and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1918 – Jarl Wahlström, Finnish 12th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – David C. Jones, American general (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Angelines Fernández, Spanish-Mexican actress (d. 1994)
    • 1922 – Jim Pollard, American basketball player and coach (d. 1993)
    • 1924 – Pierre Cochereau, French organist and composer (d. 1984)
    • 1925 – Guru Dutt, Indian actor, director, and producer (d. 1964)
    • 1925 – Charles E. Wicks, American engineer, author, and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1925 – Ronald I. Spiers, American ambassador
    • 1926 – Murphy Anderson, American illustrator (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Ben Roy Mottelson, American-Danish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1926 – Pedro Dellacha, Argentine football defender and coach (d. 2010)
    • 1926 – Mathilde Krim, Italian-American medical researcher and health educator (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – Ed Ames, American singer and actor
    • 1927 – Red Kelly, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and politician (d. 2019)
    • 1928 – Federico Bahamontes, Spanish cyclist
    • 1928 – Vince Edwards, American actor, singer, and director (d. 1996)
    • 1929 – Lee Hazlewood, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2007)
    • 1929 – Jesse McReynolds, American singer and mandolin player
    • 1929 – Chi Haotian, Chinese general
    • 1929 – Hassan II of Morocco (d. 1999)
    • 1930 – K. Balachander, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Buddy Bregman, American composer and conductor (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Janice Lourie, American computer scientist and graphic artist
    • 1930 – Elsa Lystad, Norwegian actress
    • 1930 – Roy McLean, South African cricketer and rugby player (d. 2007)
    • 1931 – Haynes Johnson, American journalist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Sylvia Bacon, American judge
    • 1932 – Donald Rumsfeld, American captain and politician, 13th United States Secretary of Defense
    • 1932 – Amitzur Shapira, Israeli sprinter and long jumper (d. 1972)
    • 1933 – Oliver Sacks, English-American neurologist, author, and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1934 – Michael Graves, American architect, designed the Portland Building and the Humana Building (d. 2015)
    • 1935 – Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician, Dutch Minister of Finance (d. 2005)
    • 1935 – Mercedes Sosa, Argentinian singer and activist (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – Michael Williams, English actor (d. 2001)
    • 1936 – June Jordan, American poet and educator (d. 2002)
    • 1936 – David Zinman, American violinist and conductor
    • 1937 – David Hockney, English painter and photographer
    • 1938 – Brian Dennehy, American actor (d. 2020)
    • 1938 – Sanjeev Kumar, Indian film actor (d. 1985)
    • 1940 – David B. Frohnmayer, American lawyer and politician, 12th Oregon Attorney General (d. 2015)
    • 1940 – Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, American psychoanalyst and theorist (d. 2010)
    • 1941 – Mac MacLeod, English musician
    • 1942 – David Chidgey, Baron Chidgey, English engineer and politician
    • 1942 – Richard Roundtree, American actor
    • 1943 – John Casper, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1944 – Judith M. Brown, Indian-English historian and academic
    • 1944 – John Cunniff, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2002)
    • 1945 – Dean Koontz, American author and screenwriter
    • 1945 – Root Boy Slim, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1993)
    • 1946 – Bon Scott, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (d. 1980)
    • 1947 – Haruomi Hosono, Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
    • 1947 – Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (d. 2008)
    • 1947 – O. J. Simpson, American football player and actor
    • 1947 – Patrick Wormald, English historian (d. 2004)
    • 1948 – Hassan Wirajuda, Indonesian lawyer and politician, 15th Indonesian Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1949 – Raoul Cédras, Haitian military officer and politician
    • 1950 – Amal ibn Idris al-Alami, Moroccan physician and neurosurgeon
    • 1950 – Adriano Panatta, Italian tennis player and sailor
    • 1950 – Viktor Yanukovych, Ukrainian engineer and politician, 4th President of Ukraine
    • 1951 – Chris Cooper, American actor
    • 1951 – Māris Gailis, Latvian politician, businessman, and former Prime Minister of Latvia
    • 1952 – John Tesh, American pianist, composer, and radio and television host
    • 1953 – Margie Gillis, Canadian dancer and choreographer
    • 1953 – Thomas Ligotti, American author
    • 1954 – Théophile Abega, Cameroonian footballer and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1954 – Kevin O’Leary, Canadian journalist and businessman
    • 1955 – Steve Coppell, English footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Lindsey Graham, American colonel, lawyer, and politician
    • 1955 – Jimmy Smits, American actor and producer
    • 1955 – Willie Wilson, American baseball player and manager
    • 1956 – Tom Hanks, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1956 – Michael Lederer, American author, poet, and playwright
    • 1957 – Marc Almond, English singer-songwriter
    • 1957 – Tim Kring, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1957 – Kelly McGillis, American actress
    • 1957 – Paul Merton, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
    • 1958 – Abdul Latiff Ahmad, Malaysian politician
    • 1958 – Jacob Joseph, Malaysian football coach
    • 1959 – Jim Kerr, Scottish singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1959 – Kevin Nash, American wrestler
    • 1959 – Clive Stafford Smith, English lawyer and author
    • 1960 – Yūko Asano, Japanese actress and singer
    • 1960 – Wally Fullerton Smith, Australian rugby league player
    • 1960 – Eduardo Montes-Bradley, Argentinian journalist, photographer, and author
    • 1963 – Klaus Theiss, German footballer
    • 1964 – Courtney Love, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
    • 1964 – Gianluca Vialli, Italian footballer and coach
    • 1965 – Frank Bello, American bass player
    • 1965 – Thomas Jahn, German director and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Jason Rhoades, American sculptor (d. 2006)
    • 1966 – Pamela Adlon, American actress and voice artist
    • 1966 – Zheng Cao, Chinese-American soprano and actress (d. 2013)
    • 1966 – Gary Glasberg, American television writer and producer (d. 2016)
    • 1966 – Marco Pennette, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1967 – Gunnar Axén, Swedish politician
    • 1967 – Yordan Letchkov, Bulgarian footballer
    • 1967 – Mark Stoops, American football player and coach
    • 1968 – Paolo Di Canio, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1968 – Lars Gyllenhaal, Swedish historian and author
    • 1969 – Nicklas Barker, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1969 – Jason Kearton, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1970 – Trent Green, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1970 – Masami Tsuda, Japanese author and illustrator
    • 1971 – Marc Andreessen, American software developer, co-founded Netscape
    • 1972 – Ara Babajian, American drummer and songwriter
    • 1973 – Kelly Holcomb, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1974 – Siân Berry, English environmentalist and politician
    • 1974 – Ian Bradshaw, Barbadian cricketer
    • 1974 – Gary Kelly, Irish footballer
    • 1974 – Nikola Šarčević, Swedish singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1975 – Shelton Benjamin, American wrestler
    • 1975 – Isaac Brock, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1975 – Robert Koenig, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1975 – Craig Quinnell, Welsh rugby player
    • 1975 – Jack White, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1976 – Thomas Cichon, Polish-German footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Fred Savage, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1976 – Radike Samo, Fijian-Australian rugby player
    • 1978 – Kara Goucher, American runner
    • 1978 – Nuno Santos, Portuguese footballer
    • 1979 – Gary Chaw, Malaysian Chinese singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Lee Chun-soo, South Korean footballer
    • 1981 – Junauda Petrus, American author and performance artist
    • 1982 – Alecko Eskandarian, American soccer player and manager
    • 1982 – Sakon Yamamoto, Japanese race car driver
    • 1984 – Chris Campoli, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Gianni Fabiano, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Jacob Hoggard, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1984 – Ave Pajo, Estonian footballer
    • 1984 – Piia Suomalainen, Finnish tennis player
    • 1984 – LA Tenorio, Filipino basketball player
    • 1985 – Paweł Korzeniowski, Polish swimmer
    • 1985 – Ashley Young, English footballer
    • 1986 – Sébastien Bassong, Cameroonian footballer
    • 1986 – Simon Dumont, American skier
    • 1986 – Kiely Williams, American singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1987 – Gert Jõeäär, Estonian cyclist
    • 1987 – Rebecca Sugar, American animator, composer, and screenwriter
    • 1988 – Raul Rusescu, Romanian footballer
    • 1990 – Earl Bamber, New Zealand race car driver
    • 1990 – Fábio, Brazilian footballer
    • 1990 – Rafael, Brazilian footballer
    • 1991 – Mitchel Musso, American actor and singer
    • 1993 – Mitch Larkin, Australian swimmer
    • 1993 – DeAndre Yedlin, American footballer
    • 1999 – Claire Corlett, American voice actress

    Deaths on July 9

    • 230 – Empress Dowager Bian, Cao Cao’s wife (b. 159)
    • 518 – Anastasius I Dicorus, Byzantine emperor (b. 430)
    • 715 – Naga, Japanese prince
    • 880 – Ariwara no Narihira, Japanese poet (b. 825)
    • 981 – Ramiro Garcés, king of Viguera
    • 1169 – Guido of Ravenna, Italian cartographer, entomologist and historian
    • 1228 – Stephen Langton, English cardinal and theologian (b. 1150)
    • 1270 – Stephen Báncsa, Hungarian cardinal (b. c. 1205)
    • 1386 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (b. 1351)
    • 1441 – Jan van Eyck, Dutch painter
    • 1546 – Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, Scottish statesman (b. c. 1493)
    • 1553 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b. 1521)
    • 1654 – Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (b. 1633)
    • 1706 – Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville, Canadian captain and explorer (b. 1661)
    • 1737 – Gian Gastone de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
    • 1742 – John Oldmixon, English historian, poet, and playwright (b. 1673)
    • 1746 – Philip V of Spain (b. 1683)
    • 1747 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (b. 1670)
    • 1766 – Jonathan Mayhew, American minister (b. 1720)
    • 1795 – Henry Seymour Conway, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1721)
    • 1797 – Edmund Burke, Irish-English philosopher, academic, and politician (b. 1729)
    • 1828 – Cathinka Buchwieser, German operatic singer and actress (b. 1789)
    • 1850 – Báb, Persian religious leader, founded Bábism (b. 1819)
    • 1850 – Zachary Taylor, American general and politician, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
    • 1852 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan, American lawyer and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1794)
    • 1856 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist and academic (b. 1776)
    • 1856 – James Strang, American religious leader and politician (b. 1813)
    • 1880 – Paul Broca, French physician and anatomist (b. 1824)
    • 1882 – Ignacio Carrera Pinto, Chilean captain (b. 1848)
    • 1903 – Alphonse François Renard, Belgian geologist and photographer (b. 1842)
    • 1927 – John Drew, Jr., American actor (b. 1853)
    • 1932 – King Camp Gillette, American businessman, founded the Gillette Company (b. 1855)
    • 1937 – Oliver Law, American commander (b. 1899)
    • 1938 – Benjamin N. Cardozo, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1870)
    • 1947 – Lucjan Żeligowski, Polish-Lithuanian general and politician (b. 1865)
    • 1949 – Fritz Hart, English-Australian composer and conductor (b. 1874)
    • 1951 – Harry Heilmann, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1894)
    • 1955 – Don Beauman, English race car driver (b. 1928)
    • 1955 – Adolfo de la Huerta, Mexican politician and provisional president, 1920 (b. 1881)
    • 1959 – Ferenc Talányi, Slovene journalist and painter (b. 1883)
    • 1962 – Georges Bataille, French philosopher, novelist, and poet (b. 1897)
    • 1961 – Whittaker Chambers, American spy and witness in Hiss case(b. 1901)
    • 1967 – Eugen Fischer, German physician and academic (b. 1874)
    • 1967 – Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani dentist and politician (b. 1893)
    • 1970 – Sigrid Holmquist, Swedish actress (b. 1899)
    • 1971 – Karl Ast, Estonian author and politician (b. 1886)
    • 1972 – Robert Weede, American opera singer (b. 1903)
    • 1974 – Earl Warren, American jurist and politician, 14th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1891)
    • 1977 – Alice Paul, American activist (b. 1885)
    • 1979 – Cornelia Otis Skinner, American actress and author (b. 1899)
    • 1980 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet, playwright, and composer (b. 1913)
    • 1984 – Edna Ernestine Kramer, American mathematician (b. 1902)
    • 1985 – Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1896)
    • 1985 – Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish-American activist, founded Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
    • 1986 – Patriarch Nicholas VI of Alexandria (b. 1915)
    • 1992 – Kelvin Coe, Australian ballet dancer (b. 1946)
    • 1992 – Eric Sevareid, American journalist (b. 1912)
    • 1993 – Metin Altıok, Turkish poet and educator (b. 1940)
    • 1994 – Bill Mosienko, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)
    • 1996 – Melvin Belli, American lawyer (b. 1907)
    • 1999 – Robert de Cotret, Canadian politician, 56th Secretary of State for Canada (b. 1944)
    • 2000 – Doug Fisher, English actor (b. 1941)
    • 2002 – Mayo Kaan, American bodybuilder (b. 1914)
    • 2002 – Rod Steiger, American actor (b. 1925)
    • 2004 – Paul Klebnikov, American journalist and historian (b. 1963)
    • 2004 – Isabel Sanford, American actress (b. 1917)
    • 2005 – Chuck Cadman, Canadian engineer and politician (b. 1948)
    • 2005 – Yevgeny Grishin, Russian speed skater (b. 1931)
    • 2005 – Alex Shibicky, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1914)
    • 2006 – Milan Williams, American keyboard player and producer (b. 1948)
    • 2007 – Charles Lane, American actor (b. 1905)
    • 2008 – Séamus Brennan, Irish accountant and politician, Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport (b. 1948)
    • 2010 – Jessica Anderson, Australian author and playwright (b. 1916)
    • 2011 – Don Ackerman, American basketball player (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Facundo Cabral, Argentinian singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
    • 2012 – Shin Jae-chul, South Korean-American martial artist (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Chick King, American baseball player (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Terepai Maoate, Cook Islander physician and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1934)
    • 2012 – Eugênio Sales, Brazilian cardinal (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Markus Büchel, Liechtensteiner politician, 9th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (b. 1959)
    • 2013 – Andrew Nori, Solomon lawyer and politician (b. 1952)
    • 2013 – Kiril of Varna, Bulgarian metropolitan (b. 1954)
    • 2013 – Barbara Robinson, American author and poet (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Toshi Seeger, American activist, co-founded the Clearwater Festival (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – Lorenzo Álvarez Florentín, Paraguayan violinist and composer (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – David Azrieli, Polish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – Eileen Ford, American businesswoman, co-founded Ford Models (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – John Spinks, English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1953)
    • 2015 – Christian Audigier, French fashion designer (b. 1958)
    • 2015 – Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1940)
    • 2019 – William E. Dannemeyer, American politician (b. 1929)
    • 2019 – Ross Perot, American businessman and politician (b. 1930)
    • 2019 – Fernando de la Rúa, 43rd President of Argentina (b. 1937)
    • 2019 – Rip Torn, American actor (b. 1931)
    • 2019 – Freddie Jones, English actor (b. 1927)

    Holidays and observances on July 9

    • Arbor Day (Cambodia)
    • Christian Feast Day:
      • Agilulfus of Cologne
      • Amandina of Schakkebroek (one of Martyrs of Southern Hunan)
      • Blessed Marija Petković
      • Everilda
      • Gregorio Grassi (one of Martyrs of Shanxi)
      • Martyr Saints of China
      • Martyrs of Gorkum
      • Our Lady of Itatí
      • Our Lady of Peace, Octave of the Visitation
      • Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá
      • Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus
      • Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican commemoration)
      • Veronica Giuliani
      • July 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Constitution Day (Australia)
    • Constitution Day (Palau)
    • Constitutionalist Revolution Day (São Paulo)
    • Day of the Employees of the Diplomatic Service (Azerbaijan)
    • Earliest day on which Martyrdom of the Báb can fall, while July 10 is the latest; observed on the 17th of Raḥmat (Bahá’í Faith)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the declaration of independence of the United Provinces of South America by the Congress of Tucumán in 1816. (Argentina)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of South Sudan from Sudan in 2011.
    • Nunavut Day (Nunavut)

  • July 1 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    It is the last day of the first half of the year. The end of this day marks the halfway point of a leap year. It also falls on the same day of the week as New Year’s Day in a leap year. The midpoint of the year for southern hemisphere DST countries occurs at 11:00 p.m.

    • AD 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
    • 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the Ostrogoth king, Totila, is mortally wounded.
    • 1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I.
    • 1431 – The Battle of La Higueruela takes place in Granada, leading to a modest advance of the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista.
    • 1520 – Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés fight their way out of Tenochtitlan after nightfall.
    • 1523 – Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
    • 1569 – Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.
    • 1643 – First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians (“divines”) and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
    • 1690 – Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
    • 1766 – François-Jean de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire’s Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France.
    • 1770 – Lexell’s Comet is seen closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 astronomical units (2,180,000 km; 1,360,000 mi).
    • 1782 – Raid on Lunenburg: American privateers attack the British settlement of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
    • 1819 – Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819, (C/1819 N1). It was the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago.
    • 1837 – A system of civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.
    • 1855 – Signing of the Quinault Treaty: The Quinault and the Quileute cede their land to the United States.
    • 1858 – Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace’s papers on evolution to the Linnean Society of London.
    • 1862 – The Russian State Library is founded as the Library of the Moscow Public Museum.
    • 1862 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.
    • 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Malvern Hill takes place. It is the last of the Seven Days Battles, part of George B. McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign.
    • 1863 – Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) in Suriname, marking the abolition of slavery by the Netherlands.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg begins.
    • 1867 – The British North America Act takes effect as the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia join into confederation to create the modern nation of Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald is sworn in as the first Prime Minister of Canada. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as Canada Day, a national holiday.
    • 1870 – The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
    • 1873 – Prince Edward Island joins into Canadian Confederation.
    • 1874 – The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
    • 1878 – Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
    • 1879 – Charles Taze Russell publishes the first edition of the religious magazine The Watchtower.
    • 1881 – The world’s first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
    • 1881 – General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
    • 1885 – The United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.
    • 1885 – The Congo Free State is established by King Leopold II of Belgium.
    • 1890 – Canada and Bermuda are linked by telegraph cable.
    • 1898 – Spanish–American War: The Battle of San Juan Hill is fought in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
    • 1903 – Start of first Tour de France bicycle race.
    • 1908 – SOS is adopted as the international distress signal.
    • 1911 – Germany despatches the gunship SMS Panther to Morocco, sparking the Agadir Crisis.
    • 1915 – Leutnant Kurt Wintgens of the then-named German Deutsches Heer’s Fliegertruppe army air service achieves the first known aerial victory with a synchronized machine-gun armed fighter plane, the Fokker M.5K/MG Eindecker.
    • 1916 – World War I: First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 19,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded.
    • 1922 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1922 begins in the United States.
    • 1923 – The Parliament of Canada suspends all Chinese immigration.
    • 1931 – United Airlines begins service (as Boeing Air Transport).
    • 1931 – Wiley Post and Harold Gatty become the first people to circumnavigate the globe in a single-engined monoplane aircraft.
    • 1932 – Australia’s national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, was formed.
    • 1935 – Regina, Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in the On-to-Ottawa Trek.
    • 1942 – World War II: First Battle of El Alamein.
    • 1942 – The Australian Federal Government becomes the sole collector of income tax in Australia as State Income Tax is abolished.
    • 1943 – The City of Tokyo and the Prefecture of Tokyo are both replaced by the Tokyo Metropolis.
    • 1947 – The Philippine Air Force is established.
    • 1948 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-i-Azam) inaugurates Pakistan’s central bank, the State Bank of Pakistan.
    • 1949 – The merger of two princely states of India, Cochin and Travancore, into the state of Thiru-Kochi (later re-organized as Kerala) in the Indian Union ends more than 1,000 years of princely rule by the Cochin royal family.
    • 1957 – The International Geophysical Year begins.
    • 1958 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
    • 1958 – Flooding of Canada’s Saint Lawrence Seaway begins.
    • 1959 – Specific values for the international yard, avoirdupois pound and derived units (e.g. inch, mile and ounce) are adopted after agreement between the US, the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries.
    • 1960 – Independence of Somalia.
    • 1960 – Ghana becomes a republic and Kwame Nkrumah becomes its first President as Queen Elizabeth II ceases to be its head of state.
    • 1962 – Independence of Rwanda and Burundi.
    • 1963 – ZIP codes are introduced for United States mail.
    • 1963 – The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
    • 1966 – The first color television transmission in Canada takes place from Toronto.
    • 1967 – Merger Treaty: The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
    • 1968 – The United States Central Intelligence Agency’s Phoenix Program is officially established.
    • 1968 – The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is signed in Washington, D.C., London and Moscow by sixty-two countries.
    • 1968 – Formal separation of the United Auto Workers from the AFL–CIO in the United States.
    • 1972 – The first Gay pride march in England takes place.
    • 1976 – Portugal grants autonomy to Madeira.
    • 1978 – The Northern Territory in Australia is granted self-government.
    • 1979 – Sony introduces the Walkman.
    • 1980 – “O Canada” officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
    • 1983 – A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashes into the Fouta Djallon mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
    • 1984 – The PG-13 rating is introduced by the MPAA.
    • 1987 – The American radio station WFAN in New York City is launched as the world’s first all-sports radio station.
    • 1990 – German reunification: East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
    • 1991 – Cold War: The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
    • 1997 – China resumes sovereignty over the city-state of Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British colonial rule. The handover ceremony is attended by British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Charles, Prince of Wales, Chinese President Jiang Zemin, and U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.
    • 1999 – The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Elizabeth II on the day that legislative powers are officially transferred from the old Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish Executive in Edinburgh. In Wales, the powers of the Welsh Secretary are transferred to the National Assembly.
    • 2002 – The International Criminal Court is established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
    • 2002 – Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937, a Tupolev Tu-154, and DHL Flight 611, a Boeing 757, collide in mid-air over Überlingen, southern Germany, killing all 71 on board both planes.
    • 2003 – Over 500,000 people protest against efforts to pass anti-sedition legislation in Hong Kong.
    • 2004 – Saturn orbit insertion of Cassini–Huygens begins at 01:12 UTC and ends at 02:48 UTC.
    • 2006 – The first operation of Qinghai–Tibet Railway is conducted in China.
    • 2007 – Smoking in England is banned in all public indoor spaces.
    • 2008 – Riots erupt in Mongolia in response to allegations of fraud surrounding the 2008 legislative elections.
    • 2013 – Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.

    Births on July 1

    • 1311 – Liu Bowen, Chinese military strategist, statesman and poet (d. 1375)
    • 1464 – Clara Gonzaga, Italian noble (d. 1503)
    • 1481 – Christian II of Denmark (d. 1559)
    • 1506 – Louis II of Hungary (d. 1526)
    • 1534 – Frederick II of Denmark (d. 1588)
    • 1553 – Peter Street, English carpenter and builder (d. 1609)
    • 1574 – Joseph Hall, English bishop and mystic (d. 1656)
    • 1586 – Claudio Saracini, Italian lute player and composer (d. 1630)
    • 1633 – Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian and author (d. 1698)
    • 1646 – Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1716)
    • 1663 – Franz Xaver Murschhauser, German composer and theorist (d. 1738)
    • 1725 – Rhoda Delaval, English painter and aristrocrat (d. 1757)
    • 1725 – Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, French general (d. 1807)
    • 1731 – Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, Scottish-English admiral (d. 1804)
    • 1742 – Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, German physicist and academic (d. 1799)
    • 1771 – Ferdinando Paer, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1839)
    • 1788 – Jean-Victor Poncelet, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1867)
    • 1804 – Charles Gordon Greene, American journalist and politician (d. 1886)
    • 1804 – George Sand, French author and playwright (d. 1876)
    • 1807 – Thomas Green Clemson, American politician and educator, founded Clemson University (d. 1888)
    • 1808 – Ygnacio del Valle, Mexican-American landowner (d. 1880)
    • 1814 – Robert Torrens, Irish-Australian politician, 3rd Premier of South Australia (d. 1884)
    • 1818 – Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian-Austrian physician and obstetrician (d. 1865)
    • 1818 – Karl von Vierordt, German physician, psychologist and academic (d. 1884)
    • 1822 – Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Vietnamese poet and activist (d. 1888)
    • 1834 – Jadwiga Łuszczewska, Polish poet and author (d. 1908)
    • 1850 – Florence Earle Coates, American poet (d. 1927)
    • 1858 – Willard Metcalf, American painter (d. 1925)
    • 1858 – Velma Caldwell Melville, American editor and writer of prose and poetry (d. 1924)
    • 1863 – William Grant Stairs, Canadian-English captain and explorer (d. 1892)
    • 1869 – William Strunk Jr., American author and educator (d. 1946)
    • 1872 – Louis Blériot, French pilot and engineer (d. 1936)
    • 1872 – William Duddell, English physicist and engineer (d. 1917)
    • 1873 – Alice Guy-Blaché, French-American film director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1968)
    • 1873 – Andrass Samuelsen, Faroese politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 1954)
    • 1875 – Joseph Weil, American con man (d. 1976)
    • 1876 – T.J. Ryan, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Queensland (d. 1921)
    • 1878 – Jacques Rosenbaum, Estonian-German architect (d. 1944)
    • 1879 – Léon Jouhaux, French union leader, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
    • 1881 – Edward Battersby Bailey, English geologist (d. 1965)
    • 1882 – Bidhan Chandra Roy, Indian physician and politician, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal (d. 1962)
    • 1883 – Arthur Borton, English colonel, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1933)
    • 1885 – Dorothea Mackellar, Australian author and poet (d. 1968)
    • 1887 – Amber Reeves, New Zealand-English author and scholar (d. 1981)
    • 1892 – James M. Cain, American author and journalist (d. 1977)
    • 1892 – László Lajtha, Hungarian composer and conductor (d. 1963)
    • 1899 – Thomas A. Dorsey, American pianist and composer (d. 1993)
    • 1899 – Charles Laughton, English-American actor and director (d. 1962)
    • 1899 – Konstantinos Tsatsos, Greek scholar and politician, President of Greece (d. 1987)
    • 1901 – Irna Phillips, American screenwriter (d. 1973)
    • 1902 – William Wyler, French-American film director, producer and screenwriter (d. 1981)
    • 1903 – Amy Johnson, English pilot (d. 1941)
    • 1903 – Beatrix Lehmann, English actress (d. 1979)
    • 1906 – Jean Dieudonné, French mathematician and academic (d. 1992)
    • 1906 – Estée Lauder, American businesswoman, co-founded the Estée Lauder Companies (d. 2004)
    • 1907 – Norman Pirie, Scottish-English biochemist and virologist (d. 1997)
    • 1909 – Emmett Toppino, American sprinter (d. 1971)
    • 1910 – Glenn Hardin, American hurdler (d. 1975)
    • 1911 – Arnold Alas, Estonian landscape architect and artist (d. 1990)
    • 1911 – Sergey Sokolov, Russian marshal and politician, Soviet Minister of Defence (d. 2012)
    • 1912 – David Brower, American environmentalist, founded Sierra Club Foundation (d. 2000)
    • 1912 – Sally Kirkland, American journalist (d. 1989)
    • 1913 – Frank Barrett, American baseball player (d. 1998)
    • 1913 – Lee Guttero, American basketball player (d. 2004)
    • 1913 – Vasantrao Naik, Indian politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Maharashtra (d. 1979)
    • 1914 – Thomas Pearson, British Army officer (d. 2019)
    • 1914 – Christl Cranz, German alpine skier (d. 2004)
    • 1914 – Bernard B. Wolfe, American politician (d. 2016)
    • 1915 – Boots Poffenberger, American baseball player (d. 1999)
    • 1915 – Willie Dixon, American singer-songwriter, bass player, guitarist and producer (d. 1992)
    • 1915 – Joseph Ransohoff, American soldier and neurosurgeon (d. 2001)
    • 1915 – Philip Lever, 3rd Viscount Leverhulme, British peer (d. 2000)
    • 1915 – Nguyễn Văn Linh, Vietnamese politician (d. 1998)
    • 1916 – Olivia de Havilland, British-American actress
    • 1916 – Iosif Shklovsky, Ukrainian astronomer and astrophysicist (d. 1985)
    • 1916 – George C. Stoney, American director and producer (d. 2012)
    • 1917 – Humphry Osmond, English-American lieutenant and psychiatrist (d. 2004)
    • 1917 – Álvaro Domecq y Díez, Spanish aristocrat (d. 2005)
    • 1918 – Ralph Young, American singer and actor (d. 2008)
    • 1918 – Ahmed Deedat, South African writer and public speaker (d. 2005)
    • 1918 – Pedro Yap, Filipino lawyer (d. 2003)
    • 1919 – Arnold Meri, Estonian colonel (d. 2009)
    • 1919 – Malik Dohan al-Hassan, Iraqi politician
    • 1919 – Gerald E. Miller, American vice admiral (d. 2014)
    • 1920 – Henri Amouroux, French historian and journalist (d. 2007)
    • 1920 – Harold Sakata, Japanese-American wrestler and actor (d. 1982)
    • 1920 – Joseph G. Williams, American musician
    • 1920 – George I. Fujimoto, American-Japanese chemist
    • 1921 – Seretse Khama, Batswana lawyer and politician, 1st President of Botswana (d. 1980)
    • 1921 – Michalina Wisłocka, Polish gynecologist and sexologist (d. 2005)
    • 1921 – Arthur Johnson, Canadian canoeist (d. 2003)
    • 1922 – Toshi Seeger, German-American activist, co-founded the Clearwater Festival (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Mordechai Bibi, Israeli politician
    • 1923 – Scotty Bowers, American Marine, author and pimp (d. 2019)
    • 1924 – Antoni Ramallets, Spanish footballer and manager (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Florence Stanley, American actress (d. 2003)
    • 1924 – Georges Rivière, French actor
    • 1925 – Farley Granger, American actor (d. 2011)
    • 1925 – Art McNally, American football referee
    • 1926 – Robert Fogel, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Carl Hahn, German businessman
    • 1926 – Mohamed Abshir Muse, Somali general (d. 2017)
    • 1926 – Hans Werner Henze, German composer and educator (d. 2012)
    • 1927 – Alan J. Charig, English paleontologist and author (d. 1997)
    • 1927 – Joseph Martin Sartoris, American bishop
    • 1927 – Chandra Shekhar, 8th Prime Minister of India (d. 2007)[27]
    • 1929 – Gerald Edelman, American biologist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-American director and producer (d. 2005)
    • 1930 – Carol Chomsky, American linguist and academic (d. 2008)
    • 1931 – Leslie Caron, French actress and dancer
    • 1932 – Ze’ev Schiff, French-Israeli journalist and author (d. 2007)
    • 1933 – C. Scott Littleton, American anthropologist and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1934 – Claude Berri, French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1934 – Jamie Farr, American actor
    • 1934 – Jean Marsh, English actress and screenwriter
    • 1934 – Sydney Pollack, American actor, director and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1935 – James Cotton, American singer-songwriter and harmonica player (d. 2017)
    • 1935 – David Prowse, English actor
    • 1936 – Wally Amos, American entrepreneur and founder of Famous Amos
    • 1938 – Craig Anderson, American baseball player and coach
    • 1938 – Hariprasad Chaurasia, Indian flute player and composer
    • 1939 – Karen Black, American actress (d. 2013)
    • 1939 – Delaney Bramlett, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1940 – Craig Brown, Scottish footballer and manager
    • 1940 – Ela Gandhi, South African activist and politician
    • 1940 – Cahit Zarifoğlu, Turkish poet and author (d. 1987)
    • 1941 – Rod Gilbert, Canadian-American ice hockey player
    • 1941 – Alfred G. Gilman, American pharmacologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
    • 1941 – Myron Scholes, Canadian-American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1941 – Twyla Tharp, American dancer and choreographer
    • 1942 – Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, Iraqi field marshal and politician (d. 2015)
    • 1942 – Geneviève Bujold, Canadian actress
    • 1942 – Andraé Crouch, American singer-songwriter, producer and pastor (d. 2015)
    • 1942 – Julia Higgins, English chemist and academic
    • 1943 – Philip Brunelle, American conductor and organist
    • 1943 – Peeter Lepp, Estonian politician, 37th Mayor of Tallinn
    • 1943 – Jeff Wayne, American composer, musician and lyricist
    • 1945 – Mike Burstyn, American actor and singer
    • 1945 – Debbie Harry, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1946 – Mick Aston, English archaeologist and academic (d. 2013)
    • 1946 – Erkki Tuomioja, Finnish sergeant and politician, Finnish Minister for Foreign Affairs
    • 1947 – Kazuyoshi Hoshino, Japanese race car driver
    • 1947 – Malcolm Wicks, English academic and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1948 – John Ford, English-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1949 – Néjia Ben Mabrouk, Tunisian-Belgian director and screenwriter
    • 1949 – John Farnham, English-Australian singer-songwriter
    • 1949 – David Hogan, American composer and educator (d. 1996)
    • 1949 – Venkaiah Naidu, Indian lawyer and politician
    • 1950 – David Duke, American white supremacist, politician and former Ku Klux Klan Grand Wizard
    • 1951 – Trevor Eve, English actor and producer
    • 1951 – Anne Feeney, American singer-songwriter and activist
    • 1951 – Julia Goodfellow, English physicist and academic
    • 1951 – Klaus-Peter Justus, German runner
    • 1951 – Tom Kozelko, American basketball player
    • 1951 – Terrence Mann, American actor, singer and dancer
    • 1951 – Fred Schneider, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1951 – Victor Willis, American singer-songwriter, pianist and actor
    • 1952 – Dan Aykroyd, Canadian actor, producer and screenwriter
    • 1952 – David Arkenstone, American composer and performer
    • 1952 – David Lane, English oncologist and academic
    • 1952 – Steve Shutt, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
    • 1952 – Timothy J. Tobias, American pianist and composer (d. 2006)
    • 1953 – Lawrence Gonzi, Maltese lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Malta
    • 1953 – Jadranka Kosor, Croatian journalist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Croatia
    • 1954 – Keith Whitley, American singer and guitarist (d. 1989)
    • 1955 – Nikolai Demidenko, Russian pianist and educator
    • 1955 – Li Keqiang, Chinese economist and politician, 7th Premier of the People’s Republic of China
    • 1955 – Lisa Scottoline, American lawyer and author
    • 1957 – Lisa Blount, American actress and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1957 – Hannu Kamppuri, Finnish ice hockey player
    • 1957 – Sean O’Driscoll, English footballer and manager
    • 1958 – Jack Dyer Crouch II, American diplomat, United States Deputy National Security Advisor
    • 1960 – Michael Beattie, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1960 – Lynn Jennings, American runner
    • 1960 – Evelyn “Champagne” King, American soul/disco singer
    • 1960 – Kevin Swords, American rugby player
    • 1961 – Malcolm Elliott, English cyclist
    • 1961 – Ivan Kaye, English actor
    • 1961 – Carl Lewis, American long jumper and runner
    • 1961 – Diana, Princess of Wales (d. 1997)
    • 1961 – Michelle Wright, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1962 – Andre Braugher, American actor and producer
    • 1962 – Mokhzani Mahathir, Malaysian businessman
    • 1963 – Roddy Bottum, American singer and keyboard player
    • 1963 – Nick Giannopoulos, Australian actor
    • 1963 – David Wood, American lawyer and environmentalist (d. 2006)
    • 1964 – Bernard Laporte, French rugby player and coach
    • 1965 – Carl Fogarty, English motorcycle racer
    • 1965 – Garry Schofield, English rugby player and coach
    • 1965 – Harald Zwart, Norwegian director and producer
    • 1966 – Enrico Annoni, Italian footballer and coach
    • 1966 – Shawn Burr, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2013)
    • 1967 – Pamela Anderson, Canadian-American model and actress
    • 1969 – Séamus Egan, American-Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1971 – Missy Elliott, American rapper, producer, dancer and actress
    • 1971 – Julianne Nicholson, American actress
    • 1974 – Jefferson Pérez, Ecuadorian race walker
    • 1975 – Sean Colson, American basketball player and coach
    • 1975 – Sufjan Stevens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1976 – Patrick Kluivert, Dutch footballer and coach
    • 1976 – Hannu Tihinen, Finnish footballer
    • 1976 – Albert Torrens, Australian rugby league player
    • 1976 – Ruud van Nistelrooy, Dutch footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Szymon Ziółkowski, Polish hammer thrower
    • 1977 – Tom Frager, Senegalese-French singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1977 – Keigo Hayashi, Japanese musician
    • 1977 – Jarome Iginla, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1979 – Forrest Griffin, American mixed martial artist and actor
    • 1981 – Carlo Del Fava, South African-Italian rugby player
    • 1981 – Tadhg Kennelly, Irish-Australian footballer
    • 1982 – Justin Huber, Australian baseball player
    • 1982 – Joachim Johansson, Swedish tennis player
    • 1982 – Adrian Ward, American football player
    • 1982 – Hilarie Burton, American actress
    • 1984 – Donald Thomas, Bahamian high jumper
    • 1985 – Chris Perez, American baseball player
    • 1986 – Charlie Blackmon, American baseball player
    • 1986 – Andrew Lee, Australian footballer
    • 1986 – Julian Prochnow, German footballer
    • 1987 – Michael Schrader, German decathlete
    • 1988 – Dedé, Brazilian footballer
    • 1988 – Aleksander Lesun, Russian modern pentathlete
    • 1989 – Kent Bazemore, American basketball player
    • 1989 – Daniel Ricciardo, Australian race car driver
    • 1990 – Ben Coker, English footballer
    • 1991 – Michael Wacha, American baseball player
    • 1992 – Aaron Sanchez, American baseball player
    • 1995 – Boli Bolingoli-Mbombo, Belgian footballer
    • 1995 – Savvy Shields, Miss America 2017
    • 1996 – Adelina Sotnikova, Russian figure skater
    • 1998 – Aleksandra Golovkina, Lithuanian figure skater
    • 2000 – Lalu Muhammad Zohri, Indonesian sprinter
    • 2001 – Chosen Jacobs, American entertainer

    Deaths on July 1

    • 552 – Totila, Ostrogoth king
    • 992 – Heonjeong, Korean queen (b. 966)
    • 1109 – Alfonso VI, king of León and Castile (b. 1040)
    • 1224 – Hōjō Yoshitoki, regent of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan (b. 1163)
    • 1242 – Chagatai Khan, Mongol ruler (b. 1183)
    • 1277 – Baibars, Egyptian sultan (b. 1223)
    • 1321 – María de Molina, queen of Castile and León
    • 1348 – Joan, English princess
    • 1555 – John Bradford, English reformer, prebendary of St. Paul’s (b. 1510)
    • 1589 – Lady Saigō, Japanese concubine (b. 1552)
    • 1592 – Marc’Antonio Ingegneri, Italian composer and educator (b. 1535)
    • 1614 – Isaac Casaubon, French philologist and scholar (b. 1559)
    • 1622 – William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, English politician (b. 1575)
    • 1681 – Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop and saint (b. 1629)
    • 1736 – Ahmed III, Ottoman sultan (b. 1673)
    • 1774 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1705)
    • 1782 – Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, English admiral and politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1730)
    • 1784 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German organist and composer (b. 1710)
    • 1787 – Charles de Rohan, French marshal (b. 1715)
    • 1819 – the Public Universal Friend, American evangelist (b. 1752)
    • 1839 – Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan (b. 1785)
    • 1860 – Charles Goodyear, American chemist and engineer (b. 1800)
    • 1863 – John F. Reynolds, American general (b. 1820)
    • 1884 – Allan Pinkerton, Scottish-American detective and spy (b. 1819)
    • 1896 – Harriet Beecher Stowe, American author and activist (b. 1811)
    • 1905 – John Hay, American journalist and politician, 37th United States Secretary of State (b. 1838)
    • 1912 – Harriet Quimby, American pilot and screenwriter (b. 1875)
    • 1925 – Erik Satie, French pianist and composer (b. 1866)
    • 1934 – Ernst Röhm, German paramilitary commander (b. 1887)
    • 1942 – Peadar Toner Mac Fhionnlaoich, Irish writer (b. 1857)
    • 1943 – Willem Arondeus, Dutch artist, author, and anti-Nazi resistance fighter (b. 1894)
    • 1944 – Carl Mayer, Austrian-English screenwriter (b. 1894)
    • 1944 – Tanya Savicheva, Russian author (b. 1930)
    • 1948 – Achille Varzi, Italian race car driver (b. 1904)
    • 1950 – Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Swiss composer and educator (b. 1865)
    • 1950 – Eliel Saarinen, Finnish-American architect, co-designed the National Museum of Finland (b. 1873)
    • 1951 – Tadeusz Borowski, Polish poet, novelist and journalist (b. 1922)
    • 1961 – Louis-Ferdinand Céline, French physician and author (b. 1894)
    • 1962 – Purushottam Das Tandon, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1882)
    • 1962 – Bidhan Chandra Roy, Indian physician and politician, 2nd Chief Minister of West Bengal (b. 1882)
    • 1964 – Pierre Monteux, French-American viola player and conductor (b. 1875)
    • 1965 – Wally Hammond, English cricketer (b. 1903)
    • 1965 – Robert Ruark, American journalist and author (b. 1915)
    • 1966 – Frank Verner, American runner (b. 1883)
    • 1967 – Gerhard Ritter, German historian and academic (b. 1888)
    • 1968 – Fritz Bauer, German judge and politician (b. 1903)
    • 1971 – William Lawrence Bragg, Australian-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1890)
    • 1971 – Learie Constantine, Trinidadian-English cricketer, lawyer, and politician (b. 1901)
    • 1974 – Juan Perón, Argentinian general and politician, President of Argentina (b. 1895)
    • 1978 – Kurt Student, German general and pilot (b. 1890)
    • 1981 – Carlos de Oliveira, Portuguese author and poet (b. 1921)
    • 1983 – Buckminster Fuller, American architect, designed the Montreal Biosphère (b. 1895)
    • 1984 – Moshé Feldenkrais, Ukrainian-Israeli physicist and academic (b. 1904)
    • 1991 – Michael Landon, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1936)
    • 1992 – Franco Cristaldi, Italian screenwriter and producer (b. 1924)
    • 1994 – Merriam Modell, American author (b. 1908)
    • 1995 – Wolfman Jack, American radio host (b. 1938)
    • 1995 – Ian Parkin, English guitarist (Be-Bop Deluxe) (b. 1950)
    • 1996 – William T. Cahill, American lawyer and politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (b. 1904)
    • 1996 – Margaux Hemingway, American model and actress (b. 1954)
    • 1996 – Steve Tesich, Serbian-American author and screenwriter (b. 1942)
    • 1997 – Robert Mitchum, American actor (b. 1917)
    • 1997 – Charles Werner, American cartoonist (b. 1909)
    • 1999 – Edward Dmytryk, Canadian-American director and producer (b. 1908)
    • 1999 – Forrest Mars Sr., American businessman, created M&M’s and the Mars bar (b. 1904)
    • 1999 – Sylvia Sidney, American actress (b. 1910)
    • 1999 – Sola Sierra, Chilean human rights activist (b. 1935)
    • 2000 – Walter Matthau, American actor (b. 1920)
    • 2001 – Nikolay Basov, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1922)
    • 2001 – Jean-Louis Rosier, French race car driver (b. 1925)
    • 2003 – Herbie Mann, American flute player and saxophonist (b. 1930)
    • 2004 – Peter Barnes, English playwright and screenwriter (b. 1931)
    • 2004 – Marlon Brando, American actor and director (b. 1924)
    • 2004 – Todor Skalovski, Macedonian composer and conductor (b. 1909)
    • 2005 – Renaldo Benson, American singer-songwriter (Four Tops) (b. 1936)
    • 2005 – Gus Bodnar, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1923)
    • 2005 – Luther Vandross, American singer-songwriter and producer (Change) (b. 1951)
    • 2006 – Ryutaro Hashimoto, Japanese politician, 53rd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1937)
    • 2006 – Robert Lepikson, Estonian race car driver and politician, Estonian Minister of the Interior (b. 1952)
    • 2006 – Fred Trueman, English cricketer and sportscaster (b. 1931)
    • 2008 – Mel Galley, English guitarist (b. 1948)
    • 2009 – Karl Malden, American actor (b. 1912)
    • 2009 – Onni Palaste, Finnish soldier and author (b. 1917)
    • 2009 – Mollie Sugden, English actress (b. 1922)
    • 2010 – Don Coryell, American football player and coach (b. 1924)
    • 2010 – Arnold Friberg, American painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
    • 2010 – Ilene Woods, American actress and singer (b. 1929)
    • 2012 – Peter E. Gillquist, American priest and author (b. 1938)
    • 2012 – Ossie Hibbert, Jamaican-American keyboard player and producer (b. 1950)
    • 2012 – Evelyn Lear, American operatic soprano (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – Alan G. Poindexter, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1961)
    • 2012 – Jack Richardson, American author and playwright (b. 1934)
    • 2013 – Sidney Bryan Berry, American general (b. 1926)
    • 2013 – Charles Foley, American game designer, co-created Twister (b. 1930)
    • 2013 – William H. Gray, American minister and politician (b. 1941)
    • 2014 – Jean Garon, Canadian economist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1938)
    • 2014 – Stephen Gaskin, American activist, co-founded The Farm (b. 1935)
    • 2014 – Bob Jones, English lawyer and politician (b. 1955)
    • 2014 – Anatoly Kornukov, Ukrainian-Russian general (b. 1942)
    • 2014 – Walter Dean Myers, American author and poet (b. 1937)
    • 2015 – Val Doonican, Irish singer and television host (b. 1927)
    • 2015 – Czesław Olech, Polish mathematician and academic (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – Nicholas Winton, English lieutenant and humanitarian (b. 1909)
    • 2016 – Robin Hardy, English author and film director (b. 1929)
    • 2020 – Georg Ratzinger, German Roman Catholic priest and musician (b. 1924)

    Holidays and observances on July 1

    • Christian feast day:
      • Aaron (Syriac Christianity)
      • Blessed Antonio Rosmini-Serbati
      • Felix of Como
      • Junípero Serra
      • Julius and Aaron
      • Leontius of Autun
      • Servanus
      • Veep
      • July 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
      • Feast of the Most Precious Blood (removed from official Roman Catholic calendar since 1969)
    • Earliest day on which Alexanderson Day can fall, celebrated on the Sunday closest to July 2. (Sweden)
    • Earliest day on which CARICOM Day can fall, while July 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday in July. (Guyana)
    • Earliest day on which Constitution Day can fall, while July 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday in July. (Cayman Islands)
    • Earliest day on which Día del Amigo can fall, celebrated on the first Saturday of July. (Peru)
    • Earliest day on which Fishermen’s Holiday, celebrated on the first Friday of July (Marshall Islands)
    • Earliest day on which Heroes’ Day can fall, while July 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday in July. (Zambia)
    • Earliest day on which International Co-operative Day, can fall, celebrated on the first Saturday of July.
    • Earliest day on which International Free Hugs Day, can fall, celebrated on the first Saturday of July.
    • Earliest day on which Navy Day can fall, celebrated on the first Sunday in July. (Ukraine)
    • Earliest day on which Navy Days can fall, celebrated First Saturday and Sunday. (Netherlands)
    • Earliest day on which Youth Day can fall, while July 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Sunday in July. (Singapore)
    • Armed Forces Day (Singapore)
    • Canada Day, formerly Dominion Day (Canada)
    • Children’s Day (Pakistan)
    • Communist Party of China Founding Day (China)
    • Day of Officials and Civil Servants (Hungary)
    • Doctors’ Day (India)
    • Emancipation Day (Netherlands Antilles)
    • Engineer’s Day (Bahrain, Mexico)
    • Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day (Hong Kong, China)
    • Independence Day (Burundi), celebrates the independence of Burundi from Belgium in 1962.
    • Independence Day (Rwanda)
    • Independence Day (Somalia)
    • International Tartan Day
    • July Morning (Bulgaria)
    • Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) (Suriname)
    • Madeira Day (Madeira, Portugal)
    • Moving Day (Quebec) (Canada)
    • Newfoundland and Labrador Memorial Day
    • Republic Day (Ghana)
    • Sir Seretse Khama Day (Botswana)
    • Territory Day (British Virgin Islands)
    • The first day of Van Mahotsav, celebrated until July 7. (India)

  • June 12 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
    • 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of France, an inter-faith debate, known as the Disputation of Paris, starts between a Christian monk and four rabbis.
    • 1381 – Peasants’ Revolt: In England, rebels assemble at Blackheath, just outside London.
    • 1418 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Parisians slaughter Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac and his suspected sympathizers, along with all prisoners, foreign bankers, and students and faculty of the College of Navarre.
    • 1429 – Hundred Years’ War: On the second day of the Battle of Jargeau, Joan of Arc leads the French army in their capture of the city and the English commander, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
    • 1550 – The city of Helsinki, Finland (belonging to Sweden at the time) is founded by King Gustav I of Sweden.
    • 1653 – First Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of the Gabbard begins, lasting until the following day.
    • 1665 – Thomas Willett is appointed the first mayor of New York City.
    • 1758 – French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg: James Wolfe’s attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, commences
    • 1772 – French explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne and 25 of his men killed by Māori in New Zealand.
    • 1775 – American Revolution: British general Thomas Gage declares martial law in Massachusetts. The British offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. There would be only two exceptions to the amnesty: Samuel Adams and John Hancock, if captured, were to be hanged.
    • 1776 – The Virginia Declaration of Rights is adopted.
    • 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Ballynahinch.
    • 1817 – The earliest form of bicycle, the dandy horse, is driven by Karl von Drais.
    • 1821 – Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Isma’il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.
    • 1830 – Beginning of the Invasion of Algiers: Thiry-four thousand French soldiers land 27 kilometers west of Algiers, at Sidi Ferruch.
    • 1864 – American Civil War, Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor: Ulysses S. Grant gives the Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee a victory when he pulls his Union troops from their position at Cold Harbor, Virginia and moves south.
    • 1898 – Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines’ independence from Spain.
    • 1899 – New Richmond tornado: The eighth deadliest tornado in U.S. history kills 117 people and injures around 200.
    • 1914 – Massacre of Phocaea: Turkish irregulars slaughter 50 to 100 Greeks and expel thousands of others in an ethnic cleansing operation in the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1921 – Mikhail Tukhachevsky orders the use of chemical weapons against the Tambov Rebellion, bringing an end to the peasant uprising.
    • 1935 – A ceasefire is negotiated between Bolivia and Paraguay, ending the Chaco War.
    • 1939 – Shooting begins on Paramount Pictures’ Dr. Cyclops, the first horror film photographed in three-strip Technicolor.
    • 1939 – The Baseball Hall of Fame opens in Cooperstown, New York.
    • 1940 – World War II: Thirteen thousand British and French troops surrender to Major General Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.
    • 1942 – Anne Frank receives a diary for her thirteenth birthday.
    • 1943 – The Holocaust: Germany liquidates the Jewish Ghetto in Brzeżany, Poland (now Berezhany, Ukraine). Around 1,180 Jews are led to the city’s old Jewish graveyard and shot.
    • 1944 – World War II: Operation Overlord: American paratroopers of the 101st Airborne Division secure the town of Carentan, Normandy, France.
    • 1954 – Pope Pius XII canonises Dominic Savio, who was 14 years old at the time of his death, as a saint, making him at the time the youngest unmartyred saint in the Roman Catholic Church. In 2017, Francisco and Jacinta Marto, aged ten and nine at the time of their deaths, are declared saints.
    • 1963 – NAACP field secretary Medgar Evers is murdered in front of his home in Jackson, Mississippi by Ku Klux Klan member Byron De La Beckwith during the civil rights movement.
    • 1964 – Anti-apartheid activist and ANC leader Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison for sabotage in South Africa.
    • 1967 – The United States Supreme Court in Loving v. Virginia declares all U.S. state laws which prohibit interracial marriage to be unconstitutional.
    • 1975 – India, Judge Jagmohanlal Sinha of the city of Allahabad ruled that India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had used corrupt practices to win her seat in the Indian Parliament, and that she should be banned from holding any public office. Mrs. Gandhi sent word that she refused to resign.
    • 1979 – Bryan Allen wins the second Kremer prize for a man powered flight across the English Channel in the Gossamer Albatross.
    • 1987 – The Central African Republic’s former emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa is sentenced to death for crimes he had committed during his 13-year rule.
    • 1987 – Cold War: At the Brandenburg Gate, U.S. President Ronald Reagan publicly challenges Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.
    • 1988 – Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 46, a McDonnell Douglas MD-81, crashes short of the runway at Libertador General José de San Martín Airport, killing all 22 people on board.
    • 1990 – Russia Day: The parliament of the Russian Federation formally declares its sovereignty.
    • 1991 – Russians first democratically elected Boris Yeltsin as the President of Russia.
    • 1991 – Kokkadichcholai massacre: The Sri Lankan Army massacres 152 minority Tamil civilians in the village of Kokkadichcholai near the eastern province town of Batticaloa.
    • 1993 – An election takes place in Nigeria and is won by Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Its results are later annulled by the military Government of Ibrahim Babangida.
    • 1994 – Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman are murdered outside Simpson’s home in Los Angeles. Her estranged husband, O.J. Simpson is later charged with the murders, but is acquitted by a jury.
    • 1997 – Queen Elizabeth II reopens the Globe Theatre in London.
    • 1999 – Kosovo War: Operation Joint Guardian begins when a NATO-led United Nations peacekeeping force (KFor) enters the province of Kosovo in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
    • 2009 – Analog television stations (excluding low-powered stations) switch to digital television following the DTV Delay Act.
    • 2009 – A disputed presidential election in Iran leads to wide-ranging local and international protests.
    • 2016 – Forty-nine civilians are killed and 58 others injured in an attack on a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida; the gunman, Omar Mateen, is killed in a gunfight with police.
    • 2017 – American student Otto Warmbier returns home in a coma after spending 17 months in a North Korean prison and dies a week later.
    • 2018 – United States President Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un of North Korea held the first meeting between leaders of their two countries in Singapore.

    Births on June 12

    • 950 – Reizei, Japanese emperor (d. 1011)
    • 1107 – Gao Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1187)
    • 1161 – Constance, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1201)
    • 1519 – Cosimo I de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1574)
    • 1561 – Anna of Württemberg, German princess (d. 1616)
    • 1564 – John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (d. 1633)
    • 1573 – Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex, soldier (d. 1629)
    • 1577 – Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (d. 1643)
    • 1580 – Adriaen van Stalbemt, Flemish painter (d. 1662)
    • 1653 – Maria Amalia of Courland, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1711)
    • 1686 – Marie-Catherine Homassel Hecquet, French writer (d. 1764)
    • 1711 – Louis Legrand, French priest and theologian (d. 1780)
    • 1760 – Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai, French author, playwright, journalist, and politician (d. 1797)
    • 1771 – Patrick Gass, American sergeant (Lewis and Clark Expedition) and author (d. 1870)
    • 1775 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (d. 1851)
    • 1777 – Robert Clark, American physician and politician (d. 1837)
    • 1795 – John Marston, American sailor (d. 1885)
    • 1798 – Samuel Cooper, American general (d. 1876)
    • 1800 – Samuel Wright Mardis, American politician (d. 1836)
    • 1802 – Harriet Martineau, English sociologist and author (d. 1876)
    • 1806 – John A. Roebling, German-American engineer, designed the Brooklyn Bridge (d. 1869)
    • 1807 – Ante Kuzmanić, Croatian physician and journalist (d. 1879)
    • 1812 – Edmond Hébert, French geologist and academic (d. 1890)
    • 1819 – Charles Kingsley, English priest, historian, and author (d. 1875)
    • 1827 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss author, best known for Heidi (d. 1901)
    • 1831 – Robert Herbert, English-Australian politician, 1st Premier of Queensland (d. 1905)
    • 1841 – Watson Fothergill, English architect, designed the Woodborough Road Baptist Church (d. 1928)
    • 1843 – David Gill, Scottish-English astronomer and author (d. 1914)
    • 1851 – Oliver Lodge, English physicist and academic (d. 1940)
    • 1857 – Maurice Perrault, Canadian architect, engineer, and politician, 15th Mayor of Longueuil (d. 1909)
    • 1858 – Harry Johnston, English botanist and explorer (d. 1927)
    • 1858 – Henry Scott Tuke, English painter and photographer (d. 1929)
    • 1861 – William Attewell, English cricketer and umpire (d. 1927)
    • 1864 – Frank Chapman, American ornithologist, photographer, and author (d. 1945)
    • 1877 – Thomas C. Hart, American admiral and politician (d. 1971)
    • 1883 – Fernand Gonder, French pole vaulter (d. 1969)
    • 1883 – Robert Lowie, Austrian-American anthropologist and academic (d. 1957)
    • 1888 – Zygmunt Janiszewski, Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1920)
    • 1890 – Egon Schiele, Austrian soldier and painter (d. 1918)
    • 1892 – Djuna Barnes, American novelist, journalist, and playwright (d. 1982)
    • 1895 – Eugénie Brazier, French chef (d. 1977)
    • 1897 – Anthony Eden, English soldier and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1977)
    • 1899 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, German-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
    • 1899 – Weegee, Ukrainian-American photographer and journalist (d. 1968)
    • 1902 – Hendrik Elias, Belgian lawyer and politician, Mayor of Ghent (d. 1973)
    • 1905 – Ray Barbuti, American sprinter and football player (d. 1988)
    • 1906 – Sandro Penna, Italian poet (d. 1977)
    • 1908 – Alphonse Ouimet, Canadian broadcaster (d. 1988)
    • 1908 – Marina Semyonova, Russian ballerina and educator (d. 2010)
    • 1908 – Otto Skorzeny, German SS officer (d. 1975)
    • 1910 – Bill Naughton, Irish-English playwright and author (d. 1992)
    • 1912 – Bill Cowley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1993)
    • 1912 – Carl Hovland, American psychologist and academic (d. 1961)
    • 1913 – Jean Victor Allard, Canadian general (d. 1996)
    • 1913 – Desmond Piers, Canadian admiral (d. 2005)
    • 1914 – William Lundigan, American actor (d. 1975)
    • 1914 – Go Seigen, Chinese-Japanese Go player (d. 2014)
    • 1915 – Priscilla Lane, American actress (d. 1995)
    • 1915 – Christopher Mayhew, English soldier and politician (d. 1997)
    • 1915 – David Rockefeller, American banker and businessman (d. 2017)
    • 1916 – Irwin Allen, American director and producer (d. 1991)
    • 1916 – Raúl Héctor Castro, Mexican-American politician and diplomat, 14th Governor of Arizona (d. 2015)
    • 1918 – Samuel Z. Arkoff, American film producer (d. 2001)
    • 1918 – Georgia Louise Harris Brown, American architect (d. 1999)
    • 1918 – Christie Jayaratnam Eliezer, Sri Lankan-Australian mathematician and academic (d. 2001)
    • 1919 – Uta Hagen, German-American actress and educator (d. 2004)
    • 1920 – Dave Berg, American soldier and cartoonist (d. 2002)
    • 1920 – Peter Jones, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2000)
    • 1921 – Luis García Berlanga, Spanish director and screenwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1921 – Christopher Derrick, English author, critic, and academic (d. 2007)
    • 1921 – James Archibald Houston, Canadian author and illustrator (d. 2005)
    • 1922 – Margherita Hack, Italian astrophysicist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – George H. W. Bush, American lieutenant and politician, 41st President of the United States (d. 2018)
    • 1924 – Grete Dollitz, German-American guitarist and radio host (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Vic Damone, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2018)
    • 1928 – Petros Molyviatis, Greek politician and diplomat, Greek Minister for Foreign Affairs
    • 1928 – Richard M. Sherman, American composer and director
    • 1929 – Brigid Brophy, English author and critic (d. 1995)
    • 1929 – Anne Frank, German-Dutch diarist; victim of the Holocaust (d. 1945)
    • 1929 – Jameel Jalibi, Pakistani linguist and academic
    • 1929 – John McCluskey, Baron McCluskey, Scottish lawyer, judge, and politician, Solicitor General for Scotland (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Jim Burke, Australian cricketer (d. 1979)
    • 1930 – Donald Byrne, American chess player (d. 1976)
    • 1930 – Innes Ireland, Scottish race car driver and engineer (d. 1993)
    • 1930 – Jim Nabors, American actor and singer (d. 2017)
    • 1931 – Trevanian, American author and scholar (d. 2005)
    • 1931 – Rona Jaffe, American novelist (d. 2005)
    • 1932 – Mimi Coertse, South African soprano and producer
    • 1932 – Mamo Wolde, Ethiopian runner (d. 2002)
    • 1933 – Eddie Adams, American photographer and journalist (d. 2004)
    • 1934 – John A. Alonzo, American actor and cinematographer (d. 2001)
    • 1934 – Kevin Billington, English director and producer
    • 1935 – Ian Craig, Australian cricketer (d. 2014)
    • 1935 – Paul Kennedy, English lawyer and judge
    • 1937 – Vladimir Arnold, Russian-French mathematician and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1937 – Klaus Basikow, German footballer and manager (d. 2015)
    • 1937 – Antal Festetics, Hungarian-Austrian biologist and zoologist
    • 1937 – Chips Moman, American record producer, guitarist, and songwriter (d. 2016)
    • 1938 – Jean-Marie Doré, Guinean lawyer and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Guinea (d. 2016)
    • 1938 – Tom Oliver, English-Australian actor
    • 1939 – Ron Lynch, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1939 – Frank McCloskey, American sergeant and politician (d. 2003)
    • 1940 – Jacques Brassard, Canadian educator and politician
    • 1941 – Marv Albert, American sportscaster
    • 1941 – Chick Corea, American pianist and composer
    • 1941 – Roy Harper, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1941 – Reg Presley, English singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1941 – Lucille Roybal-Allard, American politician
    • 1942 – Len Barry, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1942 – Bert Sakmann, German physiologist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1945 – Pat Jennings, Irish footballer and coach
    • 1946 – Michel Bergeron, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1946 – Bobby Gould, English footballer and manager
    • 1946 – Catherine Bréchignac, French physicist and academic
    • 1948 – Hans Binder, Austrian race car driver
    • 1948 – Herbert Meyer, German footballer
    • 1948 – Len Wein, American comic book writer and editor (d. 2017)
    • 1949 – Jens Böhrnsen, German judge and politician
    • 1949 – Marc Tardif, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1949 – John Wetton, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (d. 2017)
    • 1950 – Oğuz Abadan, Turkish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1950 – Michael Fabricant, English politician
    • 1950 – Sonia Manzano, American actress of Puerto Rican descent, noted for playing Maria on Sesame Street
    • 1950 – Bun E. Carlos, American drummer
    • 1951 – Brad Delp, American musician and singer (d. 2007)
    • 1951 – Andranik Margaryan, Armenian engineer and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Armenia (d. 2007)
    • 1952 – Spencer Abraham, American academic and politician, 10th United States Secretary of Energy
    • 1952 – Junior Brown, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1952 – Pete Farndon, English bass player and songwriter (d. 1983)
    • 1953 – Rocky Burnette, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1954 – Tim Razzall, Baron Razzall, English lawyer and politician
    • 1956 – Terry Alderman, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1957 – Timothy Busfield, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1957 – Javed Miandad, Pakistani cricketer and coach
    • 1958 – Meredith Brooks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1959 – John Linnell, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1959 – Scott Thompson, Canadian actor and comedian
    • 1960 – Joe Kopicki, American basketball player and coach
    • 1962 – Jordan Peterson, Canadian psychologist, professor and cultural critic
    • 1963 – Philippe Bugalski, French race car driver (d. 2012)
    • 1963 – Warwick Capper, Australian footballer, coach, and actor
    • 1963 – Tim DeKay, American actor
    • 1963 – Jerry Lynn, American wrestler
    • 1964 – Derek Higgins, Irish race car driver
    • 1964 – Kent Jones, American journalist
    • 1964 – Paula Marshall, American actress
    • 1964 – Peter Such, Scottish-born, English cricketer
    • 1965 – Adrian Toole, Australian rugby league player
    • 1965 – Gwen Torrence, American sprinter
    • 1965 – Cathy Tyson, English actress
    • 1966 – Marc Glanville, Australian rugby league player
    • 1966 – Tom Misteli, Swiss cell biologist
    • 1967 – Aivar Kuusmaa, Estonian basketball player and coach
    • 1967 – Frances O’Connor, English-Australian actress
    • 1968 – Scott Aldred, American baseball player and coach
    • 1968 – Htay Kywe, Burmese activist
    • 1968 – Bobby Sheehan, American bass player and songwriter (d. 1999)
    • 1969 – Zsolt Daczi, Hungarian guitarist (d. 2007)
    • 1969 – Héctor Garza, Mexican wrestler (d. 2013)
    • 1969 – Mathieu Schneider, American ice hockey player
    • 1969 – Heinz-Christian Strache, Austrian politician
    • 1971 – Mark Henry, American weightlifter and wrestler
    • 1971 – Ryan Klesko, American baseball player
    • 1971 – Jérôme Romain, Caribbean-Dominican triple jumper and coach
    • 1973 – Jason Caffey, American basketball player and coach
    • 1973 – Darryl White, Australian footballer
    • 1974 – Flávio Conceição, Brazilian footballer
    • 1974 – Hideki Matsui, Japanese baseball player
    • 1974 – Jason Mewes, American actor and producer
    • 1974 – Kerry Kittles, American basketball player
    • 1975 – Bryan Alvarez, American wrestler and journalist
    • 1975 – Stéphanie Szostak, French-American actress
    • 1976 – Antawn Jamison, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1976 – Ray Price, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1976 – Thomas Sørensen, Danish footballer
    • 1977 – Wade Redden, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Kenny Wayne Shepherd, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1978 – Lewis Moody, English rugby player
    • 1979 – Dallas Clark, American football player
    • 1979 – Martine Dugrenier, Canadian wrestler
    • 1979 – Diego Milito, Argentine footballer
    • 1979 – Robyn, Swedish singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer
    • 1979 – Earl Watson, American basketball player and coach
    • 1980 – Marco Bortolami, Italian rugby player
    • 1980 – Larry Foote, American football player
    • 1980 – Ifet Taljević, German footballer
    • 1981 – Raitis Grafs, Latvian basketball player
    • 1981 – Paul Hasleby, Australian footballer
    • 1981 – Adriana Lima, Brazilian model and actress
    • 1982 – Ben Blackwell, American drummer
    • 1982 – Diem Brown, German-American journalist and activist (d. 2014)
    • 1982 – Jason David, American football player
    • 1982 – Shailaja Pujari, Indian weightlifter
    • 1982 – James Tomlinson, English cricketer
    • 1983 – Bryan Habana, South African rugby player
    • 1983 – Alexander Pipa, German rugby player
    • 1983 – Christine Sinclair, Canadian soccer player
    • 1984 – James Kwalia, Kenyan-Qatari runner
    • 1984 – Bruno Soriano, Spanish footballer
    • 1985 – Blake Ross, American computer programmer, co-created Mozilla Firefox
    • 1985 – Sam Thaiday, Australian rugby league player
    • 1985 – Kendra Wilkinson, American model, actress, and author
    • 1985 – Chris Young, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1986 – Salim Mehajer, Australian politician
    • 1986 – Harry Taylor, Australian footballer
    • 1987 – Seyi Ajirotutu, American football player
    • 1987 – Antonio Barragán, Spanish footballer
    • 1988 – Artūrs Bērziņš, Latvian basketball player
    • 1988 – Eren Derdiyok, Swiss footballer
    • 1988 – Mauricio Isla, Chilean footballer
    • 1988 – Dave Melillo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1988 – Dakota Morton, Canadian actor and radio host
    • 1989 – Emma Eliasson, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1989 – Ibrahim Jeilan, Ethiopian runner
    • 1990 – Jrue Holiday, American basketball player
    • 1990 – Kevin López, Spanish runner
    • 1990 – David Worrall, English footballer
    • 1991 – Avisail García, Venezuelan baseball player
    • 1992 – Philippe Coutinho, Brazilian footballer

    Deaths on June 12

    • 796 – Hisham I, Muslim emir (b. 757)
    • 816 – Pope Leo III (b. 750)
    • 918 – Æthelflæd, Mercian daughter of Alfred the Great (b. 870)
    • 1020 – Lyfing, English archbishop (b. 999)
    • 1036 – Tedald, Italian bishop (b. 990)
    • 1144 – Al-Zamakhshari, Persian theologian (b. 1075)
    • 1152 – Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1114)
    • 1266 – Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben (b. 1215)
    • 1294 – John I of Brienne, Count of Eu
    • 1418 – Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac (b. 1360)
    • 1435 – John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel, English commander (b. 1408)
    • 1478 – Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua (b. 1412)
    • 1524 – Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, Spanish conquistador (b. 1465)
    • 1560 – Ii Naomori, Japanese warrior (b. 1506)
    • 1560 – Imagawa Yoshimoto, Japanese daimyō (b. 1519)
    • 1565 – Adrianus Turnebus, French philologist and scholar (b. 1512)
    • 1567 – Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich, English politician, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1490)
    • 1647 – Thomas Farnaby, English scholar and educator (b. 1575)
    • 1668 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge, English politician (b. 1599)
    • 1675 – Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1634)
    • 1734 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, French-English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (b. 1670)
    • 1758 – Prince Augustus William of Prussia (b. 1722)
    • 1772 – Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, French explorer (b. 1724)
    • 1778 – Philip Livingston, American merchant and politician (b. 1716)
    • 1816 – Pierre Augereau, French general (b. 1757)
    • 1818 – Egwale Seyon, Ethiopian emperor
    • 1841 – Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Greek composer, archaeologist, and philologist (b. 1786)
    • 1900 – Lucretia Peabody Hale, American journalist and author (b. 1820)
    • 1904 – Camille of Renesse-Breidbach (b. 1836)
    • 1912 – Frédéric Passy, French economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1822)
    • 1917 – Teresa Carreño, Venezuelan-American singer-songwriter, pianist, and conductor (b. 1853)
    • 1932 – Theo Heemskerk, Dutch lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1852)
    • 1937 – Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Russian general (b. 1893)
    • 1944 – Erich Marcks, German general (b. 1891)
    • 1946 – Médéric Martin, Canadian politician, mayor of Montreal (b. 1869)
    • 1952 – Harry Lawson, Australian politician, 27th Premier of Victoria (b. 1875)
    • 1957 – Jimmy Dorsey, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (The Dorsey Brothers and The California Ramblers) (b. 1904)
    • 1962 – John Ireland, English composer and educator (b. 1879)
    • 1963 – Medgar Evers, American soldier and activist (b. 1925)
    • 1966 – Hermann Scherchen, German viola player and conductor (b. 1891)
    • 1968 – Herbert Read, English poet and critic (b. 1893)
    • 1969 – Aleksandr Deyneka, Ukrainian-Russian painter and sculptor (b. 1899)
    • 1972 – Edmund Wilson, American critic, essayist, and editor (b. 1895)
    • 1972 – Dinanath Gopal Tendulkar, Indian writer and documentary filmmaker (b. 1909)
    • 1976 – Gopinath Kaviraj, Indian philosopher and scholar (b. 1887)
    • 1978 – Guo Moruo, Chinese historian, author, and poet (b. 1892)
    • 1978 – Georg Siimenson, Estonian footballer (b. 1912)
    • 1980 – Billy Butlin, South African-English businessman, founded the Butlins Company (b. 1899)
    • 1980 – Masayoshi Ōhira, Japanese politician, 68th Prime minister of Japan (b. 1910)
    • 1980 – Milburn Stone, American actor (b. 1904)
    • 1982 – Ian McKay, English sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1953)
    • 1982 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian-German ethologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
    • 1983 – Norma Shearer, Canadian-American actress (b. 1902)
    • 1989 – Bruce Hamilton, Australian public servant (b. 1911)
    • 1990 – Terence O’Neill, Baron O’Neill of the Maine, English captain and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (b. 1914)
    • 1994 – Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Russian-French rabbi and author (b. 1902)
    • 1995 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Italian pianist (b. 1920)
    • 1995 – Pierre Russell, American basketball player (b. 1949)
    • 1997 – Bulat Okudzhava, Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1924)
    • 1998 – Leo Buscaglia, American author and educator (b. 1924)
    • 1998 – Theresa Merritt, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
    • 1999 – J. F. Powers, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1917)
    • 2000 – Purushottam Laxman Deshpande, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1919)
    • 2000 – Sandro Rosa do Nascimento, Brazilian criminal (b. 1978)
    • 2002 – Bill Blass, American fashion designer, founded Bill Blass Limited (b. 1922)
    • 2002 – Zena Sutherland, American reviewer of children’s literature (b. 1915)
    • 2003 – Gregory Peck, American actor and political activist (b. 1916)
    • 2005 – Scott Young, Canadian journalist and author (b. 1918)
    • 2006 – Nicky Barr, Australian rugby player and fighter pilot (b. 1915)
    • 2006 – György Ligeti, Romanian-Hungarian composer and educator (b. 1923)
    • 2006 – Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and art collector (b. 1923)
    • 2008 – Miroslav Dvořák, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1951)
    • 2008 – Derek Tapscott, Welsh footballer and manager (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Al Williamson, American illustrator (b. 1931)
    • 2011 – René Audet, Canadian bishop (b. 1920)
    • 2011 – Carl Gardner, American singer (The Coasters) (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Hector Bianciotti, Argentinian-French journalist and author (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Henry Hill, American mobster (b. 1943)
    • 2012 – Margarete Mitscherlich-Nielsen, Danish-German psychoanalyst and author (b. 1917)
    • 2012 – Medin Zhega, Albanian footballer and manager (b. 1946)
    • 2012 – Elinor Ostrom, American political scientist and economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Pahiño, Spanish footballer (b. 1923)
    • 2012 – Frank Walker, Australian judge and politician, 41st Attorney General of New South Wales (b. 1942)
    • 2013 – Teresita Barajuen, Spanish nun (b. 1908)
    • 2013 – Jason Leffler, American race car driver (b. 1975)
    • 2013 – Joseph A. Unanue, American sergeant and businessman (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Nabil Hemani, Algerian footballer (b. 1979)
    • 2014 – Dan Jacobson, South African-English author and critic (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Frank Schirrmacher, German journalist (b. 1959)
    • 2015 – Fernando Brant, Brazilian journalist, poet, and composer (b. 1946)
    • 2015 – Frederick Pei Li, Chinese-American physician and academic (b. 1940)
    • 2015 – Patrick Lennox Tierney, American historian and academic (b. 1914)
    • 2016 – Omar Mateen, American mass murderer (b. 1986)
    • 2016 – George Voinovich, American politician (b. 1936)
    • 2016 – Janet Waldo, American actress and voice artist (b. 1920)

    Holidays and observances on June 12

    • Chaco Armistice Day (Paraguay)
    • Christian feast day:
      • 108 Martyrs of World War II
      • Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor and Nazarius
      • Blessed Hildegard Burjan
      • Enmegahbowh (Episcopal Church)
      • Eskil
      • First Ecumenical Council (Lutheran)
      • Gaspar Bertoni
      • John of Sahagún
      • Onuphrius
      • Pope Leo III
      • Ternan
      • June 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Dia dos Namorados (Brazil)
    • Helsinki Day (Finland)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of the Philippines from Spain in 1898.
    • June 12 Commemoration (Lagos State)
    • Loving Day (United States)
    • Russia Day (Russia)
    • World Day Against Child Labour, and its related observances:
      • Children’s Day (Haiti)

  • June 3 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
    • 713 – The Byzantine emperor Philippicus is blinded, deposed and sent into exile by conspirators of the Opsikion army in Thrace. He is succeeded by Anastasios II, who begins the reorganization of the Byzantine army.
    • 1140 – The French scholar Peter Abelard is found guilty of heresy.
    • 1326 – The Treaty of Novgorod delineates borders between Russia and Norway in Finnmark.
    • 1539 – Hernando de Soto claims Florida for Spain.
    • 1608 – Samuel de Champlain completes his third voyage to New France at Tadoussac, Quebec.
    • 1621 – The Dutch West India Company receives a charter for New Netherland.
    • 1658 – Pope Alexander VII appoints François de Laval vicar apostolic in New France.
    • 1665 – James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England), defeats the Dutch fleet off the coast of Lowestoft.
    • 1781 – Jack Jouett begins his midnight ride to warn Thomas Jefferson and the Virginia legislature of an impending raid by Banastre Tarleton.
    • 1839 – In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2 million kilograms of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Philippi (also called the Philippi Races): Union forces rout Confederate troops in Barbour County, Virginia, now West Virginia.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Cold Harbor: Union forces attack Confederate troops in Hanover County, Virginia.
    • 1866 – The Fenians are driven out of Fort Erie, Ontario back into the United States.
    • 1885 – In the last military engagement fought on Canadian soil, the Cree leader, Big Bear, escapes the North-West Mounted Police.
    • 1889 – The first long-distance electric power transmission line in the United States is completed, running 14 miles (23 km) between a generator at Willamette Falls and downtown Portland, Oregon.
    • 1916 – The National Defense Act is signed into law, increasing the size of the United States National Guard by 450,000 men.
    • 1935 – One thousand unemployed Canadian workers board freight cars in Vancouver, beginning a protest trek to Ottawa.
    • 1937 – The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
    • 1940 – World War II: The Luftwaffe bombs Paris.
    • 1940 – World War II: The Battle of Dunkirk ends with a German victory and with Allied forces in full retreat.
    • 1940 – Franz Rademacher proposes plans to make Madagascar the “Jewish homeland”, an idea that had first been considered by 19th century journalist Theodor Herzl.
    • 1941 – World War II: The Wehrmacht razes the Greek village of Kandanos to the ground and murders 180 of its inhabitants.
    • 1942 – World War II: Japan begins the Aleutian Islands Campaign by bombing Unalaska Island.
    • 1943 – In Los Angeles, California, white U.S. Navy sailors and Marines clash with Latino youths in the Zoot Suit Riots.
    • 1950 – Herzog and Lachenal of the French Annapurna expedition become the first climbers to reach the summit of an 8,000-metre peak.
    • 1962 – At Paris Orly Airport, Air France Flight 007 overruns the runway and explodes when the crew attempts to abort takeoff, killing 130.
    • 1963 – Soldiers of the South Vietnamese Army attack protesting Buddhists in Huế with liquid chemicals from tear-gas grenades, causing 67 people to be hospitalized for blistering of the skin and respiratory ailments.
    • 1965 – The launch of Gemini 4, the first multi-day space mission by a NASA crew. Ed White, a crew member, performs the first American spacewalk.
    • 1969 – Melbourne–Evans collision: off the coast of South Vietnam, the Australian aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne cuts the U.S. Navy destroyer USS Frank E. Evans in half.
    • 1973 – A Soviet supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 crashes near Goussainville, France, killing 14, the first crash of a supersonic passenger aircraft.
    • 1979 – A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 3,000,000 barrels (480,000 m3) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the second-worst accidental oil spill ever recorded.
    • 1980 – An explosive device is detonated at the Statue of Liberty. The FBI suspects Croatian nationalists.
    • 1980 – The 1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak hits Nebraska, causing five deaths and $300 million (equivalent to $931 million in 2019) worth of damage.
    • 1982 – The Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argov, is shot on a London street; he survives but is left paralysed.
    • 1984 – Operation Blue Star, a military offensive, is launched by the Indian government at Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, the holiest shrine for Sikhs, in Amritsar. The operation continues until June 6, with casualties, most of them civilians, in excess of 5,000.
    • 1989 – The government of China sends troops to force protesters out of Tiananmen Square after seven weeks of occupation.
    • 1991 – Mount Unzen erupts in Kyūshū, Japan, killing 43 people, all of them either researchers or journalists.
    • 1992 – Aboriginal land rights are granted in Australia in Mabo v Queensland (No 2), a case brought by Eddie Mabo.
    • 1998 – After suffering a mechanical failure, a high speed train derails at Eschede, Germany, killing 101 people.
    • 2006 – The union of Serbia and Montenegro comes to an end with Montenegro’s formal declaration of independence.
    • 2012 – A plane carrying 153 people on board crashes in a residential neighborhood in Lagos, Nigeria, killing everyone on board and 10 people on the ground.
    • 2012 – The pageant for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II takes place on the River Thames.
    • 2013 – The trial of United States Army private Chelsea Manning for leaking classified material to WikiLeaks begins in Fort Meade, Maryland.
    • 2013 – At least 119 people are killed in a fire at a poultry farm in Jilin Province in northeastern China.
    • 2015 – An explosion at a gasoline station in Accra, Ghana, killing more than 200 people.
    • 2017 – London Bridge attack: Eight people are murdered and dozens of civilians are wounded by Islamist terrorists. Three of the attackers are shot dead by the police.
    • 2019 – Khartoum massacre: In Sudan, over 100 people are killed when security forces accompanied by Janjaweed militiamen storm and open fire on a sit-in protest.

    Births on June 3

    • 20 BC – Sejanus, Roman soldier and bodyguard (d. 31 AD)
    • 1139 – Conon of Naso, Basilian abbot (d. 1236)
    • 1421 – Giovanni di Cosimo de’ Medici, Italian noble (d. 1463)
    • 1454 – Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania (1474–1523) (d. 1523)
    • 1537 – João Manuel, Prince of Portugal (d. 1554)
    • 1540 – Charles II, Archduke of Austria (d. 1590)
    • 1554 – Pietro de’ Medici, Italian noble (d. 1604)
    • 1576 – Giovanni Diodati, Swiss-Italian minister, theologian, and academic (d. 1649)
    • 1594 – César, Duke of Vendôme, French nobleman (d. 1665)
    • 1603 – Pietro Paolini, Italian painter (d. 1681)
    • 1635 – Philippe Quinault, French playwright and composer (d. 1688)
    • 1636 – John Hale, American minister (d. 1700)
    • 1659 – David Gregory, Scottish-English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1708)
    • 1662 – Willem van Mieris, Dutch painter (d. 1747)
    • 1723 – Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian physician, geologist, and botanist (d. 1788)
    • 1726 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist and physician (d. 1797)
    • 1736 – Ignaz Fränzl, German violinist and composer (d. 1811)
    • 1770 – Manuel Belgrano, Argentinian economist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1820)
    • 1808 – Jefferson Davis, American colonel and politician, President of the Confederate States of America (d. 1889)
    • 1818 – Louis Faidherbe, French general and politician, Governor of Senegal (d. 1889)
    • 1819 – Anton Anderledy, Swiss religious leader, 23rd Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 1892)
    • 1819 – Johan Jongkind, Dutch painter (d. 1891)
    • 1832 – Charles Lecocq, French pianist and composer (d. 1918)
    • 1843 – Frederick VIII of Denmark (d. 1912)
    • 1844 – Garret Hobart, American lawyer and politician, 24th Vice President of the United States (d. 1899)
    • 1844 – Detlev von Liliencron, German poet and author (d. 1909)
    • 1852 – Theodore Robinson, American painter and academic (d. 1896)
    • 1853 – Flinders Petrie, English archaeologist and academic (d. 1942)
    • 1864 – Otto Erich Hartleben, German poet and playwright (d. 1905)
    • 1864 – Ransom E. Olds, American businessman, founded Oldsmobile and REO Motor Car Company (d. 1950)
    • 1865 – George V of the United Kingdom (d. 1936)
    • 1866 – George Howells Broadhurst, English-American director and manager (d. 1952)
    • 1873 – Otto Loewi, German-American pharmacologist and psychobiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
    • 1877 – Raoul Dufy, French painter and illustrator (d. 1953)
    • 1879 – Alla Nazimova, Ukrainian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1945)
    • 1879 – Raymond Pearl, American biologist and botanist (d. 1940)
    • 1879 – Vivian Woodward, English footballer and soldier (d. 1954)
    • 1881 – Mikhail Larionov, Russian painter and set designer (d. 1964)
    • 1890 – Baburao Painter, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1954)
    • 1897 – Memphis Minnie, American singer-songwriter (d. 1973)
    • 1899 – Georg von Békésy, Hungarian-American biophysicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
    • 1900 – Adelaide Ames, American astronomer and academic (d. 1932)
    • 1900 – Leo Picard, German-Israeli geologist and academic (d. 1997)
    • 1901 – Maurice Evans, English actor (d. 1989)
    • 1901 – Zhang Xueliang, Chinese general and warlord (d. 2001)
    • 1903 – Eddie Acuff, American actor (d. 1956)
    • 1904 – Charles R. Drew, American physician and surgeon (d. 1950)
    • 1904 – Jan Peerce, American tenor and actor (d. 1984)
    • 1905 – Martin Gottfried Weiss, German SS officer (d. 1946)
    • 1906 – R. G. D. Allen, English economist, mathematician, and statistician (d. 1983)
    • 1906 – Josephine Baker, French actress, singer, and dancer; French Resistance operative (d. 1975)
    • 1906 – Walter Robins, English cricketer and footballer (d. 1968)
    • 1907 – Paul Rotha, English director and producer (d. 1984)
    • 1910 – Paulette Goddard, American actress and model (d. 1990)
    • 1911 – Ellen Corby, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1999)
    • 1913 – Pedro Mir, Dominican poet and author (d. 2000)
    • 1914 – Ignacio Ponseti, Spanish physician and orthopedist (d. 2009)
    • 1917 – Leo Gorcey, American actor (d. 1969)
    • 1918 – Patrick Cargill, English actor and producer (d. 1996)
    • 1918 – Lili St. Cyr, American dancer (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – Forbes Carlile, Australian pentathlete and coach (d. 2016)
    • 1921 – Jean Dréjac, French singer and composer (d. 2003)
    • 1922 – Alain Resnais, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – Igor Shafarevich, Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 2017)
    • 1924 – Karunanidhi, Indian screenwriter and politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu (d. 2018)
    • 1924 – Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian-American actress (d. 1991)
    • 1924 – Bernard Glasser, American director and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1924 – Jimmy Rogers, American singer and guitarist (d. 1997)
    • 1924 – Torsten Wiesel, Swedish neurophysiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1925 – Tony Curtis, American actor (d. 2010)
    • 1925 – Thomas Winning, Scottish cardinal (d. 2001)
    • 1926 – Allen Ginsberg, American poet (d. 1997)
    • 1926 – Flora MacDonald, Canadian banker and politician, 10th Canadian Minister of Communications (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Boots Randolph, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2007)
    • 1928 – Donald Judd, American sculptor and painter (d. 1994)
    • 1928 – John Richard Reid, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1929 – Werner Arber, Swiss microbiologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1929 – Chuck Barris, American game show host and producer (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Marion Zimmer Bradley, American author and poet (d. 1999)
    • 1930 – George Fernandes, Indian journalist and politician, Minister of Defence for India (d. 2019)
    • 1930 – Dakota Staton, American singer (d. 2007)
    • 1930 – Abbas Zandi, Iranian wrestler (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Ben Wada, Japanese director and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1930 – Joe Coulombe, founder of Trader Joe’s (d. 2020)
    • 1931 – Françoise Arnoul, Algerian-French actress
    • 1931 – Raúl Castro, Cuban commander and politician, 18th President of Cuba
    • 1931 – John Norman, American philosopher and author
    • 1931 – Lindy Remigino, American runner and coach (d. 2018)
    • 1933 – Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Bahranian king (d. 1999)
    • 1936 – Larry McMurtry, American novelist and screenwriter
    • 1936 – Colin Meads, New Zealand rugby player and coach (d. 2017)
    • 1937 – Jean-Pierre Jaussaud, French race car driver
    • 1939 – Frank Blevins, English-Australian lawyer and politician, 7th Deputy Premier of South Australia (d. 2013)
    • 1939 – Steve Dalkowski, American baseball player (d. 2020)
    • 1939 – Ian Hunter, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1942 – Curtis Mayfield, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1999)
    • 1943 – Billy Cunningham, American basketball player and coach
    • 1944 – Thomas Burns, British bishop
    • 1944 – Edith McGuire, American sprinter and educator
    • 1944 – Eddy Ottoz, Italian hurdler and coach
    • 1945 – Hale Irwin, American golfer and architect
    • 1945 – Ramon Jacinto, Filipino singer, guitarist, and businessman, founded the Rajah Broadcasting Network
    • 1945 – Bill Paterson, Scottish actor
    • 1946 – Michael Clarke, American drummer (d. 1993)
    • 1946 – Eddie Holman, American pop/R&B/gospel singer
    • 1946 – Penelope Wilton, English actress
    • 1947 – John Dykstra, American special effects artist and producer
    • 1947 – Mickey Finn, English drummer (d. 2003)
    • 1948 – Jan Reker, Dutch footballer and manager
    • 1950 – Frédéric François, Belgian-Italian singer-songwriter
    • 1950 – Melissa Mathison, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)
    • 1950 – Juan José Muñoz, Argentinian businessman (d. 2013)
    • 1950 – Larry Probst, American businessman
    • 1950 – Suzi Quatro, American-English singer-songwriter, bass player, producer, and actress
    • 1950 – Christos Verelis, Greek politician, Greek Minister of Transport and Communications
    • 1950 – Deniece Williams, American singer-songwriter
    • 1952 – Billy Powell, American keyboard player and songwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1952 – David Richards, Welsh entrepreneur and businessman
    • 1954 – Dan Hill, Canadian singer-songwriter
    • 1954 – Susan Landau, American mathematician and engineer
    • 1956 – George Burley, Scottish footballer and manager
    • 1956 – Danny Wilde, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1957 – Horst-Ulrich Hänel, German field hockey player
    • 1959 – Imbi Paju, Estonian-Finnish journalist and author
    • 1960 – Catherine Davani, first female Papua New Guinean judge (d. 2016)
    • 1960 – Tracy Grimshaw, Australian television host
    • 1960 – Carl Rackemann, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1961 – Lawrence Lessig, American lawyer, academic, and author, founded the Creative Commons
    • 1961 – Peter Vidmar, American gymnast
    • 1961 – Ed Wynne, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1962 – Susannah Constantine, English fashion designer, journalist, and author
    • 1962 – Dagmar Neubauer, German sprinter
    • 1963 – Rudy Demotte, Belgian politician, 8th Minister-President of the Walloon Region
    • 1963 – Toshiaki Karasawa, Japanese actor
    • 1964 – André Bellavance, Canadian politician
    • 1964 – Kerry King, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1964 – James Purefoy, English actor
    • 1965 – Hans Kroes, Dutch swimmer
    • 1965 – Michael Moore, British accountant and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
    • 1966 – Wasim Akram, Pakistani cricketer, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Anderson Cooper, American journalist and author
    • 1967 – Tamás Darnyi, Hungarian swimmer
    • 1969 – Takako Minekawa, Japanese singer-songwriter
    • 1969 – Dean Pay, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1971 – Luigi Di Biagio, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1971 – Mary Grigson, Australian cross-country mountain biker
    • 1972 – Julie Gayet, French actress
    • 1974 – Kelly Jones, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1974 – Serhiy Rebrov, Ukrainian international footballer and manager
    • 1975 – Jose Molina, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
    • 1976 – Nikos Chatzis, Greek basketball player
    • 1976 – Jamie McMurray, American race car driver
    • 1977 – Cris, Brazilian footballer
    • 1978 – Lyfe Jennings, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1979 – Luis Fernando López, Colombian race walker
    • 1979 – Christian Malcolm, Welsh sprinter
    • 1980 – Amauri, Brazilian-Italian footballer
    • 1981 – Sosene Anesi, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1982 – Yelena Isinbayeva, Russian pole vaulter
    • 1982 – Manfred Mölgg, Italian skier
    • 1983 – Pasquale Foggia, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Todd Reid, Australian tennis player (d. 2018)
    • 1985 – Papiss Cissé, Senegalese footballer
    • 1985 – Łukasz Piszczek, Polish footballer
    • 1986 – Al Horford, Dominican basketball player
    • 1986 – Micah Kogo, Kenyan runner
    • 1986 – Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis player
    • 1986 – Adrián Vallés, Spanish race car driver
    • 1986 – Tomáš Verner, Czech ice skater
    • 1987 – Masami Nagasawa, Japanese actress
    • 1989 – Katie Hoff, American swimmer
    • 1991 – Lukasz Teodorczyk, Polish footballer
    • 1991 – Sami Vatanen, Finnish ice hockey defenceman
    • 1991 – Yordano Ventura, Dominican baseball player (d. 2017)
    • 1992 – Mario Götze, German footballer

    Deaths on June 3

    • 628 – Liang Shidu, Chinese rebel leader
    • 800 – Staurakios, Byzantine general
    • 1052 – Prince Guaimar IV of Salerno
    • 1395 – Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria (b. 1350)
    • 1397 – William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English commander (b. 1328)
    • 1411 – Leopold IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1371)
    • 1453 – Loukas Notaras, last megas doux of the Byzantine Empire
    • 1511 – Ahmad ibn Abi Jum’ah, Islamic scholar, author of the Oran fatwa
    • 1548 – Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish-Mexican archbishop (b. 1468)
    • 1553 – Wolf Huber, Austrian painter, printmaker and architect (b. 1485)
    • 1594 – John Aylmer, English bishop and scholar (b. 1521)
    • 1605 – Jan Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (b. 1542)
    • 1615 – Sanada Yukimura, Japanese samurai (b. 1567)
    • 1640 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1584)
    • 1649 – Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Portuguese historian and poet (b. 1590)
    • 1657 – William Harvey, English physician and academic (b. 1578)
    • 1659 – Morgan Llwyd, Welsh minister and poet (b. 1619)
    • 1665 – Charles Weston, 3rd Earl of Portland, English noble (b. 1639)
    • 1780 – Thomas Hutchinson, American businessman and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1711)
    • 1826 – Nikolay Karamzin, Russian historian and poet (b. 1766)
    • 1858 – Julius Reubke, German pianist and composer (b. 1834)
    • 1861 – Stephen A. Douglas, American lawyer and politician, 7th Secretary of State of Illinois (b. 1813)
    • 1865 – Okada Izō, Japanese samurai (b. 1838)
    • 1875 – Georges Bizet, French pianist and composer (b. 1838)
    • 1877 – Ludwig Ritter von Köchel, Austrian botanist, composer, and publisher (b. 1800)
    • 1882 – Christian Wilberg, German painter and illustrator (b. 1839)
    • 1894 – Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal, German lawyer and jurist (b. 1812)
    • 1899 – Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer and educator (b. 1825)
    • 1900 – Mary Kingsley, English explorer and author (b. 1862)
    • 1902 – Vital-Justin Grandin, French-Canadian bishop and missionary (b. 1829)
    • 1906 – John Maxwell, American golfer (b. 1871)
    • 1921 – Coenraad Hiebendaal, Dutch rower and physician (b. 1879)
    • 1924 – Franz Kafka, Czech-Austrian lawyer and author (b. 1883)
    • 1928 – Li Yuanhong, Chinese general and politician, 2nd President of the Republic of China (b. 1864)
    • 1933 – William Muldoon, American wrestler (b. 1852)
    • 1938 – John Flanagan, Irish-American hammer thrower and tug of war competitor (b. 1873)
    • 1946 – Mikhail Kalinin, Russian civil servant and politician (b. 1875)
    • 1963 – Edmond Decottignies, French weightlifter (b. 1893)
    • 1963 – Pope John XXIII (b. 1881)
    • 1963 – Nâzım Hikmet Ran, Turkish poet, author, and playwright (b. 1902)
    • 1964 – Kâzım Orbay, Turkish general and politician, 9th Turkish Speaker of the Parliament (b. 1887)
    • 1964 – Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish author and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
    • 1969 – George Edwin Cooke, American soccer player (b. 1883)
    • 1970 – Hjalmar Schacht, Danish-German economist, banker, and politician (b. 1877)
    • 1971 – Heinz Hopf, German-Swiss mathematician and academic (b. 1894)
    • 1973 – Jean Batmale, French footballer and manager (b. 1895)
    • 1975 – Ozzie Nelson, American actor and bandleader (b. 1906)
    • 1975 – Eisaku Satō, Japanese lawyer and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1901)
    • 1977 – Archibald Hill, English physiologist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
    • 1977 – Roberto Rossellini, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1906)
    • 1981 – Carleton S. Coon, American anthropologist and academic (b. 1904)
    • 1986 – Anna Neagle, English actress and singer (b. 1904)
    • 1987 – Will Sampson, American actor and painter (b. 1933)
    • 1989 – Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian religious leader and politician, 1st Supreme Leader of Iran (b. 1902)
    • 1990 – Robert Noyce, American physicist and businessman, co-founded the Intel Corporation (b. 1927)
    • 1991 – Brian Bevan, Australian rugby league player (b. 1924)
    • 1991 – Katia Krafft, French volcanologist and geologist (b. 1942)
    • 1991 – Maurice Krafft, French volcanologist and geologist (b. 1946)
    • 1991 – Lê Văn Thiêm, Vietnamese mathematician and academic (b. 1918)
    • 1992 – Robert Morley, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1908)
    • 1994 – Puig Aubert, German-French rugby player and coach (b. 1925)
    • 1997 – Dennis James, American actor and game show host (b. 1917)
    • 2001 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican-American actor and producer (b. 1915)
    • 2002 – Lew Wasserman, American talent agent and manager (b. 1913)
    • 2003 – Felix de Weldon, Austrian-American sculptor, designed the Marine Corps War Memorial (b. 1907)
    • 2005 – Harold Cardinal, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1945)
    • 2009 – David Carradine, American actor (b. 1936)
    • 2009 – Koko Taylor, American singer (b. 1928)
    • 2010 – John Hedgecoe, English photographer and author (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Rue McClanahan, American actress (b. 1934)
    • 2011 – James Arness, American actor and producer (b. 1923)
    • 2011 – Andrew Gold, American singer, songwriter, musician and arranger (b. 1951)
    • 2011 – Bhajan Lal, Indian politician, 6th Chief Minister of Haryana (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Jack Kevorkian, American pathologist, author, and activist (b. 1928)
    • 2011 – Jan van Roessel, Dutch footballer (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Carol Ann Abrams, American producer, author, and academic (b. 1942)
    • 2012 – Rajsoomer Lallah, Mauritian lawyer and judge (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Roy Salvadori, English race car driver and manager (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – Brian Talboys, New Zealand journalist and politician, 7th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Atul Chitnis, German-Indian technologist and journalist (b. 1962)
    • 2013 – Józef Czyrek, Polish economist and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Frank Lautenberg, American soldier and politician (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Svyatoslav Belza, Russian journalist, author, and critic (b. 1942)
    • 2014 – Gopinath Munde, Indian politician, 3rd Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra (b. 1949)
    • 2015 – Avi Beker, Israeli political scientist and academic (b. 1951)
    • 2016 – Muhammad Ali, American boxer (b. 1942)

    Holidays and observances on June 3

    • Christian feast day:
      • Charles Lwanga and Companions (Roman Catholic Church), and its related observances:
        • Martyrs’ Day (Uganda)
      • Clotilde
      • Kevin of Glendalough
      • Ovidius
      • Vladimirskaya (Russian Orthodox)
      • June 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Confederate Memorial Day (Kentucky, Louisiana, and Tennessee, United States)
    • Economist day (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
    • Mabo Day (Australia)
    • Opium Suppression Movement Day (Taiwan)
    • World Bicycle Day

  • May 16 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan.
    • 1204 – Having been elected on May 9, Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
    • 1426 – Gov. Thado of Mohnyin becomes king of Ava.
    • 1527 – The Florentines drive out the Medici for a second time and Florence re-establishes itself as a republic.
    • 1532 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England.
    • 1568 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England.
    • 1584 – Santiago de Vera becomes sixth Governor-General of the Spanish colony of the Philippines.
    • 1739 – The Battle of Vasai concludes as the Marathas defeat the Portuguese army.
    • 1770 – The 14-year-old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year-old Louis-Auguste, who later becomes king of France.
    • 1771 – The Battle of Alamance, a pre-American Revolutionary War battle between local militia and a group of rebels called The “Regulators”, occurs in present-day Alamance County, North Carolina.
    • 1811 – Peninsular War: The allies Spain, Portugal and United Kingdom, defeat the French at the Battle of Albuera.
    • 1812 – Imperial Russia signs the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Russo-Turkish War. The Ottoman Empire cedes Bessarabia to Russia.
    • 1822 – Greek War of Independence: The Turks capture the Greek town of Souli.
    • 1832 – Juan Godoy discovers the rich silver outcrops of Chañarcillo sparking the Chilean silver rush.
    • 1834 – The Battle of Asseiceira is fought, the last and decisive engagement of the Liberal Wars in Portugal.
    • 1842 – The first major wagon train heading for the Pacific Northwest sets out on the Oregon Trail from Elm Grove, Missouri, with 100 pioneers.
    • 1866 – The United States Congress establishes the nickel.
    • 1868 – The United States Senate fails to convict President Andrew Johnson by one vote.
    • 1874 – A flood on the Mill River in Massachusetts destroys much of four villages and kills 139 people.
    • 1877 – The 16 May 1877 crisis occurs in France, ending with the dissolution of the National Assembly 22 June and affirming the interpretation of the Constitution of 1875 as a parliamentary rather than presidential system. The elections held in October 1877 led to the defeat of the royalists as a formal political movement in France.
    • 1888 – Nikola Tesla delivers a lecture describing the equipment which will allow efficient generation and use of alternating currents to transmit electric power over long distances.
    • 1891 – The International Electrotechnical Exhibition opens in Frankfurt, Germany, and will feature the world’s first long-distance transmission of high-power, three-phase electric current (the most common form today).
    • 1916 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the French Third Republic sign the secret wartime Sykes-Picot Agreement partitioning former Ottoman territories such as Iraq and Syria.
    • 1918 – The Sedition Act of 1918 is passed by the U.S. Congress, making criticism of the government during wartime an imprisonable offense. It will be repealed less than two years later.
    • 1919 – A naval Curtiss NC-4 aircraft commanded by Albert Cushing Read leaves Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight.
    • 1920 – In Rome, Pope Benedict XV canonizes Joan of Arc.
    • 1929 – In Hollywood, the first Academy Awards ceremony takes place.
    • 1943 – The Holocaust: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising ends.
    • 1951 – The first regularly scheduled transatlantic flights begin between Idlewild Airport (now John F Kennedy International Airport) in New York City and Heathrow Airport in London, operated by El Al Israel Airlines.
    • 1959 – The Triton Fountain in Valletta, Malta is turned on for the first time.
    • 1960 – Theodore Maiman operates the first optical laser (a ruby laser), at Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California.
    • 1961 – Park Chung-hee leads a coup d’état to overthrow the Second Republic of South Korea.
    • 1966 – The Communist Party of China issues the “May 16 Notice”, marking the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.
    • 1969 – Venera program: Venera 5, a Soviet space probe, lands on Venus.
    • 1974 – Josip Broz Tito is elected president for life of Yugoslavia.
    • 1988 – A report by the Surgeon General of the United States C. Everett Koop states that the addictive properties of nicotine are similar to those of heroin and cocaine.
    • 1991 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom addresses a joint session of the United States Congress. She is the first British monarch to address the U.S. Congress.
    • 1997 – Mobutu Sese Seko, the President of Zaire, flees the country.
    • 2003 – In Morocco, 33 civilians are killed and more than 100 people are injured in the Casablanca terrorist attacks.
    • 2005 – Kuwait permits women’s suffrage in a 35–23 National Assembly vote.
    • 2011 – STS-134 (ISS assembly flight ULF6), launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the 25th and final flight for Space Shuttle Endeavour.
    • 2014 – Twelve people are killed in two explosions in the Gikomba market area of Nairobi, Kenya.

    Births on May 16

    • 1418 – John II of Cyprus, King of Cyprus and Armenia and also titular King of Jerusalem from 1432 to 1458 (probable; d. 1458)
    • 1455 – Wolfgang I of Oettingen, German count (d. 1522)
    • 1542 – Anna Sibylle of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German noblewoman (d. 1580)
    • 1606 – John Bulwer, British doctor (d. 1656)
    • 1611 – Pope Innocent XI (d. 1689)
    • 1641 – Dudley North, English economist and politician (d. 1691)
    • 1710 – William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot, English politician, Lord Steward of the Household (d. 1782)
    • 1718 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1799)
    • 1763 – Louis Nicolas Vauquelin, French pharmacist and chemist (d. 1829)
    • 1788 – Friedrich Rückert, German poet and translator (d. 1866)
    • 1801 – William H. Seward, American lawyer and politician, 24th United States Secretary of State (d. 1872)
    • 1804 – Elizabeth Palmer Peabody, American educator who founded the first U.S. kindergarten (d. 1894)
    • 1819 – Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (d. 1890)
    • 1821 – Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematician and statistician (d. 1894)
    • 1824 – Levi P. Morton, American banker and politician, 22nd United States Vice President (d. 1920)
    • 1824 – Edmund Kirby Smith, American general (d. 1893)
    • 1827 – Pierre Cuypers, Dutch architect, designed the Amsterdam Centraal railway station and Rijksmuseum (d. 1921)
    • 1831 – David Edward Hughes, Welsh-American physicist, co-invented the microphone (d. 1900)
    • 1862 – Margaret Fountaine, English lepidopterist and diarist (d.1940)
    • 1876 – Fred Conrad Koch, American biochemist and endocrinologist (d. 1948)
    • 1879 – Pierre Gilliard, Swiss author and academic (d. 1962)
    • 1882 – Simeon Price, American golfer (d. 1945)
    • 1883 – Celâl Bayar, Turkish politician, 3rd President of Turkey (d. 1986)
    • 1888 – Royal Rife, American microbiologist and instrument maker (d. 1971)
    • 1890 – Edith Grace White, American ichthyologist (d. 1975)
    • 1892 – Osgood Perkins, American actor (d. 1937)
    • 1894 – Walter Yust, American journalist and writer (d. 1960)
    • 1897 – Zvi Sliternik, Israeli entomologist and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1898 – Tamara de Lempicka, Polish-American painter (d. 1980)
    • 1898 – Desanka Maksimović, Serbian poet and academic (d. 1993)
    • 1898 – Kenji Mizoguchi, Japanese director and screenwriter (d. 1956)
    • 1903 – Charles F. Brannock, American inventor and manufacturer (d. 1992)
    • 1905 – Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)
    • 1906 – Ernie McCormick, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
    • 1906 – Alfred Pellan, Canadian painter and educator (d. 1988)
    • 1906 – Arturo Uslar Pietri, Venezuelan lawyer, journalist, and author (d. 2001)
    • 1906 – Margret Rey, German author and illustrator (d. 1996)
    • 1907 – Bob Tisdall, Irish hurdler (d. 2004)
    • 1909 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress and singer (d. 1960)
    • 1909 – Luigi Villoresi, Italian race car driver (d. 1997)
    • 1910 – Olga Bergholz, Russian poet and author (d. 1975)
    • 1910 – Higashifushimi Kunihide, Japanese monk and educator (d. 2014)
    • 1910 – Aleksandr Ivanovich Laktionov, Russian painter and educator (d. 1972)
    • 1912 – Studs Terkel, American historian and author (d. 2008)
    • 1913 – Gordon Chalk, Australian politician, 30th Premier of Queensland (d. 1991)
    • 1913 – Woody Herman, American singer, saxophonist, and clarinet player (d. 1987)
    • 1914 – Edward T. Hall, American anthropologist and author (d. 2009)
    • 1915 – Mario Monicelli, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1916 – Ephraim Katzir, Israeli biophysicist and politician, 4th President of Israel (d. 2009)
    • 1917 – Ben Kuroki, American sergeant and pilot (d. 2015)
    • 1917 – James C. Murray, American lawyer and politician (d. 1999)
    • 1917 – Juan Rulfo, Mexican author and photographer (d. 1986)
    • 1918 – Wilf Mannion, English footballer and manager (d. 2000)
    • 1919 – Liberace, American pianist and entertainer (d. 1987)
    • 1919 – Ramon Margalef, Spanish ecologist and biologist (d. 2004)
    • 1920 – Martine Carol, French actress (d. 1967)
    • 1921 – Harry Carey, Jr., American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
    • 1923 – Victoria Fromkin, American linguist and academic (d. 2000)
    • 1923 – Merton Miller, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)
    • 1923 – Peter Underwood, English parapsychologist and author (d. 2014)
    • 1924 – Dawda Jawara, 1st President of the Gambia (d. 2019)
    • 1925 – Nancy Roman, American astronomer (d. 2018)
    • 1925 – Ola Vincent, Nigerian banker and economist (d. 2012)
    • 1925 – Nílton Santos, Brazilian footballer (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Billy Martin, American baseball player and coach (d. 1989)
    • 1929 – Betty Carter, American singer-songwriter (d. 1998)
    • 1929 – John Conyers, American lawyer and politician (d. 2019)
    • 1929 – Claude Morin, Canadian academic and politician
    • 1929 – Adrienne Rich, American poet, essayist, and feminist (d. 2012)
    • 1930 – Friedrich Gulda, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 2000)
    • 1931 – Vujadin Boškov, Serbian footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2014)
    • 1931 – Hana Brady, Jewish-Czech Holocaust victim (d.1944)
    • 1931 – K. Natwar Singh, Indian scholar and politician, Indian Minister of External Affairs
    • 1931 – Lowell P. Weicker, Jr., American soldier and politician, 85th Governor of Connecticut
    • 1934 – Kenneth O. Morgan, Welsh historian and author
    • 1934 – Antony Walker, English general
    • 1935 – Floyd Smith, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1936 – Karl Lehmann, German cardinal (d. 2018)
    • 1937 – Yvonne Craig, American ballet dancer and actress (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Stuart Bell, English lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1938 – Ivan Sutherland, American computer scientist and academic
    • 1938 – Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian television host and sexologist (d. 2018)
    • 1941 – Denis Hart, Australian archbishop
    • 1942 – David Penry-Davey, English lawyer and judge (d. 2015)
    • 1943 – Kay Andrews, Baroness Andrews, English politician
    • 1943 – Dan Coats, American politician and diplomat, 29th United States Ambassador to Germany
    • 1943 – Wieteke van Dort, Dutch actress, comedian, singer, writer and artist
    • 1944 – Billy Cobham, Panamanian-American drummer, composer, and bandleader
    • 1944 – Antal Nagy, Hungarian footballer
    • 1944 – Danny Trejo, American actor
    • 1946 – John Law, English sociologist and academic
    • 1946 – Robert Fripp, English guitarist, songwriter and producer
    • 1947 – Cheryl Clarke, American writer
    • 1947 – Darrell Sweet, Scottish drummer (d. 1999)
    • 1947 – Roch Thériault, Canadian religious leader (d. 2011)
    • 1948 – Jesper Christensen, Danish actor, director, and producer
    • 1948 – Judy Finnigan, English talk show host and author
    • 1948 – Enrico Fumia, Italian automobile and product designer
    • 1948 – Emma Georgina Rothschild, English historian and academic
    • 1948 – Staf Van Roosbroeck, Belgian cyclist
    • 1949 – Rick Reuschel, American baseball player
    • 1950 – Georg Bednorz, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1950 – Ray Condo, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2004)
    • 1950 – Bruce Coville, American author
    • 1951 – Christian Lacroix, French fashion designer
    • 1951 – Jonathan Richman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1951 – Janet Soskice, Canadian philosopher and theologian
    • 1952 – James Herndon, American psychologist and academic
    • 1953 – Pierce Brosnan, Irish-American actor and producer
    • 1953 – Peter Onorati, American actor
    • 1953 – Richard Page, American singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1953 – Kitanoumi Toshimitsu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 55th Yokozuna (d. 2015)
    • 1953 – David Maclean, Scottish politician
    • 1953 – Stephen Woolman, Lord Woolman, Scottish judge and academic
    • 1954 – Dafydd Williams, Canadian physician and astronaut
    • 1955 – Olga Korbut, Soviet gymnast
    • 1955 – Jack Morris, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1955 – Hazel O’Connor, English-born Irish singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1955 – Páidí Ó Sé, Irish footballer and manager (d. 2012)
    • 1955 – Debra Winger, American actress
    • 1956 – Loretta Schrijver, Dutch television host, news anchor
    • 1957 – Joan Benoit, American runner
    • 1957 – Benjamin Mancroft, 3rd Baron Mancroft, English politician
    • 1957 – Yuri Shevchuk, Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1957 – Anthony St John, 22nd Baron St John of Bletso, English lawyer and businessman
    • 1957 – Bob Suter, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1959 – Mitch Webster, American baseball player
    • 1959 – Mare Winningham, American actress and singer-songwriter
    • 1960 – Landon Deireragea, Nauruan politician, Nauruan Speaker of Parliament
    • 1960 – S. Shanmuganathan, Sri Lankan commander and politician (d. 1998)
    • 1961 – Kevin McDonald, Canadian actor and screenwriter
    • 1961 – Charles Wright, American wrestler
    • 1962 – Jimmy Hood, Scottish engineer and politician (d. 2017)
    • 1962 – Helga Radtke, German long jumper
    • 1963 – Rachel Griffith, Anglo-American economist
    • 1963 – David Wilkinson, English theologian and academic
    • 1964 – John Salley, American basketball player and actor
    • 1964 – Boyd Tinsley, American singer-songwriter and violinist
    • 1964 – Milton Jones, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Krist Novoselic, American bass player, songwriter, author, and activist
    • 1965 – Tanel Tammet, Estonian computer scientist, engineer, and academic
    • 1966 – Janet Jackson, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, and actress
    • 1966 – Scott Reeves, American singer-songwriter and actor
    • 1966 – Thurman Thomas, American football player
    • 1967 – Doug Brocail, American baseball player and coach
    • 1967 – Susan Williams, Baroness Williams of Trafford, British politician
    • 1968 – Ralph Tresvant, American singer and producer
    • 1969 – David Boreanaz, American actor
    • 1969 – Tucker Carlson, American journalist, co-founded The Daily Caller
    • 1969 – Steve Lewis, American sprinter
    • 1970 – Gabriela Sabatini, Argentinian tennis player
    • 1970 – Danielle Spencer, Australian singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1971 – Phil Clarke, English rugby league player and sportscaster
    • 1971 – Rachel Goswell, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1972 – Christian Califano, French rugby player
    • 1972 – Matthew Hart, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1973 – Tori Spelling, American actress, reality television personality, and author
    • 1974 – Laura Pausini, Italian singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1974 – Sonny Sandoval, American singer-songwriter and rapper
    • 1975 – Tony Kakko, Finnish musician, composer, and vocalist
    • 1975 – Simon Whitfield, Canadian triathlete
    • 1976 – Dirk Nannes, Australian-Dutch cricketer
    • 1977 – Melanie Lynskey, New Zealand actress
    • 1977 – Emilíana Torrini, Icelandic singer-songwriter
    • 1978 – Scott Nicholls, English motorcycle racer
    • 1978 – Lionel Scaloni, Argentinian footballer
    • 1980 – Nuria Llagostera Vives, Spanish tennis player
    • 1981 – Ricardo Costa, Portuguese footballer
    • 1982 – Łukasz Kubot, Polish tennis player
    • 1983 – Daniel Kerr, Australian footballer
    • 1983 – Kyle Wellwood, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Darío Cvitanich, Argentinian footballer
    • 1984 – Tomáš Fleischmann, Czech ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Jensen Lewis, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Rick Rypien, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
    • 1985 – Anja Mittag, German footballer
    • 1985 – Rodrigo Peters Marques, Brazilian footballer
    • 1985 – Corey Perry, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Megan Fox, American actress
    • 1986 – Andy Keogh, Irish footballer
    • 1986 – Shamcey Supsup, Filipino model and architect
    • 1987 – Tom Onslow-Cole, English race car driver
    • 1988 – Jesús Castillo, Mexican footballer
    • 1988 – Martynas Gecevičius, Lithuanian basketball player
    • 1988 – Jaak Põldma, Estonian tennis player
    • 1989 – Behati Prinsloo, Namibian model
    • 1990 – Amanda Carreras, Gibraltarian tennis player
    • 1990 – Thomas Brodie-Sangster, English actor
    • 1990 – Darko Šarović, Serbian sprinter
    • 1990 – Omar Strong, American basketball player
    • 1991 – Grigor Dimitrov, Bulgarian tennis player
    • 1991 – Joey Graceffa, American internet celebrity
    • 1991 – Ashley Wagner, American figure skater
    • 1992 – Jeff Skinner, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1992 – Kirstin Maldonado, American singer and songwriter
    • 1993 – Johannes Thingnes Bø, Norwegian biathlete
    • 1993 – Karol Mets, Estonian footballer
    • 1993 – IU, Korean singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1995 – Elizabeth Ralston, Australian footballer
    • 1996 – Louisa Chirico, an American tennis player

    Deaths on May 16

    • 290 – Emperor Wu of Jin, Chinese emperor (b. 236)
    • 895 – Qian Kuan, Chinese nobleman
    • 934 – Meng Hanqiong, eunuch official of Later Tang
    • 995 – Fujiwara no Michitaka, Japanese nobleman (b. 953)
    • 1182 – John Komnenos Vatatzes, Byzantine general (b. 1132)
    • 1265 – Simon Stock, English-French saint (b. 1165)
    • 1375 – Liu Bowen, Chinese military strategist, officer, statesman and poet (b. 1311)
    • 1412 – Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (b. 1388)
    • 1561 – Jan Tarnowski, Polish noble and statesman (b. 1488)
    • 1620 – William Adams, English sailor and navigator (b. 1564)
    • 1657 – Andrew Bobola, Polish missionary and martyr (b. 1591)
    • 1667 – Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (b. 1607)
    • 1669 – Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter and architect, designed the Santi Luca e Martina (b. 1596)
    • 1691 – Jacob Leisler, German-American politician, 8th Colonial Governor of New York (b. 1640)
    • 1696 – Mariana of Austria, Queen consort of Spain (b. 1634)
    • 1703 – Charles Perrault, French author and academic (b. 1628)
    • 1778 – Robert Darcy, 4th Earl of Holderness, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1718)
    • 1790 – Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire (b. 1720)
    • 1818 – Matthew Lewis, English author and playwright (b. 1775)
    • 1823 – Grace Elliott, Scottish courtesan and spy (b. c.1754)
    • 1830 – Joseph Fourier, French mathematician and physicist (b. 1768)
    • 1862 – Edward Gibbon Wakefield, English politician (b. 1796)
    • 1882 – Reuben Chapman, American lawyer and politician, 13th Governor of Alabama (b. 1799)
    • 1890 – Mihkel Veske, Estonian poet, linguist and theologist (b. 1843)
    • 1891 – Ion C. Brătianu, Romanian politician, 14th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1821)
    • 1910 – Henri-Edmond Cross, French Neo-Impressionist painter (b. 1856)
    • 1913 – Louis Perrier, Swiss architect and politician (b. 1849)
    • 1920 – Levi P. Morton, American politician, 22nd United States Vice President (b. 1824)
    • 1926 – Mehmed VI, Ottoman sultan (b. 1861)
    • 1936 – Leonidas Paraskevopoulos, Greek general and politician (b. 1860)
    • 1938 – Joseph Strauss, American engineer, co designed The Golden Gate Bridge (b. 1870)
    • 1943 – Alfred Hoche, German psychiatrist and academic (b. 1865)
    • 1944 – George Ade, American journalist, author, and playwright (b. 1866)
    • 1946 – Bruno Tesch, German chemist and businessman (b. 1890)
    • 1947 – Frederick Gowland Hopkins, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861)
    • 1947 – Zhang Lingfu, Chinese general (b. 1903)
    • 1953 – Django Reinhardt, Belgian guitarist and composer (b. 1910)
    • 1954 – Clemens Krauss, Austrian conductor and manager (b. 1893)
    • 1955 – James Agee, American novelist, screenwriter, and critic(b. 1909)
    • 1955 – Manny Ayulo, American race car driver (b. 1921)
    • 1956 – H. B. Reese, American candy-maker and businessman, created Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups (b. 1876)
    • 1957 – Eliot Ness, American federal agent (b. 1903)
    • 1961 – George A. Malcolm, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1881)
    • 1973 – Jacques Lipchitz, Lithuanian-American sculptor (b. 1891)
    • 1977 – Modibo Keïta, Malian politician, 1st President of Mali (b. 1915)
    • 1979 – A. Philip Randolph, American union leader and activist (b. 1889)
    • 1981 – Ernie Freeman, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1922)
    • 1981 – Willy Hartner, German physician and academic (b. 1905)
    • 1984 – Andy Kaufman, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter (b. 1949)
    • 1984 – Irwin Shaw, American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and short story writer (b. 1913)
    • 1985 – Margaret Hamilton, American actress (b. 1902)
    • 1989 – Leila Kasra, Iranian poet and songwriter (b. 1939)
    • 1990 – Sammy Davis Jr., American singer, dancer, and actor (b. 1925)
    • 1990 – Jim Henson, American puppeteer, director, producer, and screenwriter, created The Muppets (b. 1936)
    • 1993 – Marv Johnson, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1938)
    • 1994 – Alain Cuny, French actor (b. 1908)
    • 1996 – Jeremy Michael Boorda, American admiral (b. 1939)
    • 1997 – Elbridge Durbrow, American diplomat (b. 1903)
    • 2002 – Alec Campbell, Australian soldier (b. 1899)
    • 2003 – Mark McCormack, American lawyer and sports agent, founded IMG (b. 1930)
    • 2005 – Andrew Goodpaster, American general (b. 1915)
    • 2008 – Robert Mondavi, American winemaker, co-founded the Opus One Winery (b. 1913)
    • 2010 – Ronnie James Dio, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1942)
    • 2010 – Hank Jones, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1918)
    • 2011 – Ralph Barker, English author (b. 1917)
    • 2011 – Bob Davis, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1928)
    • 2011 – Edward Hardwicke, English actor (b. 1932)
    • 2011 – Kiyoshi Kodama, Japanese actor (b. 1934)
    • 2012 – Patricia Aakhus, American author and academic (b. 1952)
    • 2012 – James Abdnor, American soldier and politician, 30th Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota (b. 1923)
    • 2012 – Chuck Brown, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Ernie Chan, Filipino-American illustrator (b. 1940)
    • 2012 – Kevin Hickey, American baseball player (b. 1956)
    • 2013 – Angelo Errichetti, American politician (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Bryan Illerbrun, Canadian football player (b. 1957)
    • 2013 – Frankie Librán, Puerto Rican-American baseball player (b. 1948)
    • 2013 – Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Dick Trickle, American race car driver (b. 1941)
    • 2013 – Bernard Waber, American author and illustrator (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – Chris Duckworth, Zimbabwean-South African cricketer (b. 1933)
    • 2014 – Vito Favero, Italian cyclist (b. 1932)
    • 2014 – Bud Hollowell, American baseball player and manager (b. 1943)
    • 2014 – Clyde Snow, American anthropologist and author (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Prashant Bhargava, American director and producer (b. 1973)
    • 2015 – Moshe Levinger, Israeli rabbi and author (b. 1935)
    • 2015 – Flora MacNeil, Scottish Gaelic singer (b. 1928)
    • 2019 – Piet Blauw, Dutch politician (b. 1937)
    • 2019 – Bob Hawke, Australian politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1929)
    • 2019 – I. M. Pei, Chinese-American architect (b. 1917)

    Holidays and observances on May 16

    • Christian feast day:
      • Aaron (Coptic Church)
      • Abda and Abdjesus, and companions:
        • Abdas of Susa
      • Andrew Bobola
      • Brendan the Navigator (Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, Eastern Orthodox Church)
      • Caroline Chisholm (Church of England)
      • Gemma Galgani (Passionists Calendar)
      • Germerius
      • Honoratus of Amiens
      • John of Nepomuk
      • Margaret of Cortona
      • Peregrine of Auxerre
      • Simon Stock
      • Ubald (see Saint Ubaldo Day)
    • Martyrs of Sudan (Episcopal Church (USA))
    • Mass Graves Day (Iraq)
    • National Day, declared by Salva Kiir Mayardit (South Sudan)
    • Teachers’ Day (Malaysia)

  • May 9 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
    • 1271 – Ninth Crusade, Edward I of England disembarks at Acre.
    • 1386 – England and Portugal formally ratify their alliance with the signing of the Treaty of Windsor, making it the oldest diplomatic alliance in the world which is still in force.
    • 1450 – ‘Abd al-Latif (Timurid monarch) is assassinated.
    • 1540 – Hernando de Alarcón sets sail on an expedition to the Gulf of California.
    • 1662 – The figure who later became Mr. Punch makes his first recorded appearance in England.
    • 1671 – Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal England’s Crown Jewels from the Tower of London.
    • 1726 – Five men arrested during a raid on Mother Clap’s molly house in London are executed at Tyburn.
    • 1763 – The Siege of Fort Detroit begins during Pontiac’s War against British forces.
    • 1864 – Second Schleswig War: The Danish navy defeats the Austrian and Prussian fleets in the Battle of Heligoland.
    • 1865 – American Civil War: Nathan Bedford Forrest surrenders his forces at Gainesville, Alabama.
    • 1865 – American Civil War: President Andrew Johnson issues a proclamation ending belligerent rights of the rebels and enjoining foreign nations to intern or expel Confederate ships.
    • 1873 – Der Krach: Vienna stock market crash heralds the Long Depression.
    • 1874 – The first horsebus makes its début in the city of Mumbai, traveling two routes.
    • 1877 – Mihail Kogălniceanu reads, in the Chamber of Deputies, the Declaration of Independence of Romania. This day became the Independence Day of Romania.
    • 1877 – A magnitude 8.8 earthquake off the coast of Peru kills 2,541, including some as far away as Hawaii and Japan.
    • 1887 – Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show opens in London.
    • 1901 – Australia opens its first national parliament in Melbourne.
    • 1904 – The steam locomotive City of Truro becomes the first steam engine in Europe to exceed 100 mph (160 km/h).
    • 1911 – The works of Gabriele D’Annunzio are placed in the Index of Forbidden Books by the Vatican.
    • 1915 – World War I: Second Battle of Artois between German and French forces.
    • 1918 – World War I: Germany repels Britain’s second attempt to blockade the port of Ostend, Belgium.
    • 1920 – Polish–Soviet War: The Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrates its capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreshchatyk.
    • 1926 – Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett claim to have flown over the North Pole (later discovery of Byrd’s diary appears to cast some doubt on the claim.)
    • 1927 – Old Parliament House, Canberra officially opens.
    • 1936 – Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.
    • 1940 – World War II: The German submarine U-9 sinks the French coastal submarine Doris near Den Helder.
    • 1941 – World War II: The German submarine U-110 is captured by the Royal Navy. On board is the latest Enigma machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.
    • 1942 – Holocaust: The SS executes 588 Jewish residents of the Podolian town of Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast, Ukraine). The Zoludek Ghetto (in Belarus) is destroyed and all its inhabitants executed or deported.
    • 1945 – World War II: The final German Instrument of Surrender is signed at the Soviet headquarters in Berlin-Karlshorst.
    • 1945 – World War II: The German occupation of the Channel Islands comes to an end.
    • 1946 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates and is succeeded by Umberto II.
    • 1948 – Czechoslovakia’s Ninth-of-May Constitution comes into effect.
    • 1949 – Rainier III becomes Prince of Monaco.
    • 1950 – Robert Schuman presents his proposal on the creation of an organized Europe, which according to him was indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations. This proposal, known as the “Schuman Declaration”, is considered by some people to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.
    • 1955 – Cold War: West Germany joins NATO.
    • 1958 – Alfred Hitchcock’s film Vertigo has world premiere in San Francisco.
    • 1960 – The Food and Drug Administration announces it will approve birth control as an additional indication for Searle’s Enovid, making Enovid the world’s first approved oral contraceptive pill.
    • 1961 – FCC Chairman Newton N. Minow gives his Wasteland Speech.
    • 1964 – Ngô Đình Cẩn, de facto ruler of central Vietnam under his brother President Ngô Đình Diệm before the family’s toppling, is executed.
    • 1969 – Carlos Lamarca leads the first urban guerrilla action against the military dictatorship of Brazil in São Paulo, by robbing two banks.
    • 1970 – Vietnam War: In Washington, D.C., 75,000 to 100,000 war protesters demonstrate in front of the White House.
    • 1974 – Watergate scandal: The United States House Committee on the Judiciary opens formal and public impeachment hearings against President Richard Nixon.
    • 1977 – Hotel Polen fire: A disastrous fire burns down the Hotel Polen in Amsterdam causing 33 deaths and 21 severe injuries.
    • 1979 – Iranian Jewish businessman Habib Elghanian is executed by firing squad in Tehran, prompting the mass exodus of the once 100,000-strong Jewish community of Iran.
    • 1980 – In Florida, Liberian freighter MV Summit Venture collides with the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay, making a 1,400-ft. section of the southbound span collapse. Thirty-five people in six cars and a Greyhound bus fall 150 ft. into the water and die.
    • 1980 – In Norco, California, five masked gunmen hold up a Security Pacific bank, leading to a violent shoot-out and one of the largest pursuits in California history. Two of the gunmen and one police officer are killed and thirty-three police and civilian vehicles are destroyed in the chase.
    • 1987 – LOT Flight 5055 Tadeusz Kościuszko crashes after takeoff in Warsaw, Poland, killing all 183 people on board.
    • 1988 – New Parliament House, Canberra officially opens.
    • 1992 – Armenian forces capture Shusha, marking a major turning point in the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
    • 1992 – Westray Mine disaster kills 26 workers in Nova Scotia, Canada.
    • 1994 – Disappearance of Cleashindra Hall in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
    • 2001 – In Ghana, 129 football fans die in what became known as the Accra Sports Stadium disaster. The deaths are caused by a stampede (caused by the firing of tear gas by police personnel at the stadium) that followed a controversial decision by the referee.
    • 2002 – The 38-day stand-off in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem comes to an end when the Palestinians inside agree to have 13 suspected terrorists among them deported to several different countries.
    • 2012 – A Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft crashes into Mount Salak in West Java, Indonesia, killing 45 people.
    • 2015 – An Airbus A400M Atlas military transport aircraft crashes near the Spanish city of Seville with three people on board killed.
    • 2015 – Russia stages its biggest ever military parade in Moscow’s Red Square to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Victory Day.
    • 2018 – The historic defeat for Barisan Nasional, the governing coalition of Malaysia since the country’s independence in 1957 in 2018 Malaysian general election.
    • 2018 – At the height of the 2018 East Africa floods, the Patel dam breaks in Solai, Kenya, killing 48 people and displacing another 2000.

    Births on May 9

    • 1147 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shōgun (d. 1199)
    • 1170 – Valdemar II of Denmark (d. 1241)
    • 1540 – Maharana Pratap, Indian ruler (d. 1597)
    • 1555 – Jerónima de la Asunción, Spanish Catholic nun and founder of the first monastery in Manila (d. 1630)
    • 1594 – Louis Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, military leader in the Thirty Years’ War (d. 1662)
    • 1617 – Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege (d. 1655)
    • 1740 – Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer and educator (probable; d. 1816)
    • 1746 – Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1818)
    • 1763 – János Batsányi, Hungarian-Austrian poet and author (d. 1845)
    • 1800 – John Brown, American activist (d. 1859)
    • 1801 – Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, English politician, founded the town of Fleetwood (d. 1866)
    • 1814 – John Brougham, Irish-American actor and playwright (d. 1880)
    • 1823 – Frederick Weld, English-New Zealand politician, 6th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1891)
    • 1824 – Jacob ben Moses Bachrach, Polish apologist and author (d. 1896)
    • 1825 – James Collinson, Victorian painter (d. 1881)
    • 1836 – Ferdinand Monoyer, French ophthalmologist, invented the Monoyer chart (d. 1912)
    • 1837 – Adam Opel, German engineer, founded the Opel Company (d. 1895)
    • 1845 – Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer and businessman (d. 1913)
    • 1850 – Edward Weston, English-American chemist (d. 1936)
    • 1855 – Julius Röntgen, German-Dutch composer (d. 1932)
    • 1860 – J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and playwright (d. 1937)
    • 1866 – Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Indian economist and politician (d. 1915)
    • 1870 – Harry Vardon, British golfer (d. 1937)
    • 1873 – Anton Cermak, Czech-American captain and politician, 44th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1933)
    • 1874 – Howard Carter, English archaeologist and historian (d. 1939)
    • 1882 – George Barker, American painter (d. 1965)
    • 1882 – Henry J. Kaiser, American shipbuilder and businessman, founded Kaiser Shipyards (d. 1967)
    • 1883 – José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher, author, and critic (d. 1955)
    • 1884 – Valdemar Psilander, Danish actor (d. 1917)
    • 1885 – Gianni Vella, Maltese artist (d. 1977)
    • 1888 – Francesco Baracca, Italian fighter pilot (d. 1918)
    • 1888 – Rolf de Maré, Swedish art collector (d. 1964)
    • 1892 – Zita of Bourbon-Parma, last Empress of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (d. 1989)
    • 1893 – William Moulton Marston, American psychologist and author (d. 1947)
    • 1895 – Richard Barthelmess, American actor (d. 1963)
    • 1895 – Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet, playwright, and philosopher (d. 1961)
    • 1895 – Frank Foss, American pole vaulter (d. 1989)
    • 1896 – Richard Day, Canadian-American art director and set decorator (d. 1972)
    • 1900 – Maria Malicka, Polish stage and film actress (d. 1992)
    • 1904 – Conrad Bernier, Canadian-American organist, composer, and educator (d. 1988)
    • 1905 – Lilí Álvarez, Spanish tennis player, author, and feminist (d. 1998)
    • 1906 – Eleanor Estes, American librarian, author, and illustrator (d. 1988)
    • 1907 – Jackie Grant, Trinidadian cricketer (d. 1978)
    • 1907 – Kathryn Kuhlman, American evangelist and author (d. 1976)
    • 1907 – Baldur von Schirach, German politician (d. 1974)
    • 1909 – Don Messer, Canadian violinist (d. 1973)
    • 1909 – Gordon Bunshaft, American architect, designed the Solow Building (d. 1990)
    • 1911 – Harry Simeone, American music arranger, conductor, and composer (d. 2005)
    • 1912 – Pedro Armendáriz, Mexican-American actor (d. 1963)
    • 1912 – Per Imerslund, Norwegian-German soldier and author (d. 1943)
    • 1912 – Géza Ottlik, Hungarian mathematician and theorist (d. 1990)
    • 1914 – Patricia Swift Blalock, American librarian (d.2011)
    • 1914 – Denham Fouts, American prostitute (d. 1948)
    • 1914 – Thanat Khoman, Thai politician and diplomat (d. 2016)
    • 1914 – Carlo Maria Giulini, Italian conductor and director (d. 2005)
    • 1914 – Hank Snow, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
    • 1916 – William Pène du Bois, American author and illustrator (d. 1993)
    • 1917 – Fay Kanin, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Moisis Michail Bourlas, Greek soldier and educator (d. 2011)
    • 1918 – Orville Freeman, American soldier and politician, 16th United States Secretary of Agriculture (d. 2003)
    • 1918 – Mike Wallace, American journalist, media personality and one-time game show host (d. 2012)
    • 1919 – Clifford Chadderton, Canadian soldier and journalist (d. 2013)
    • 1920 – William Tenn, English-American author and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1920 – Richard Adams, English novelist (d. 2016)
    • 1921 – Daniel Berrigan, American priest, poet, and activist (d. 2016)
    • 1921 – Sophie Scholl, German activist (d. 1943)
    • 1921 – Mona Van Duyn, American poet and academic (d. 2004)
    • 1923 – Johnny Grant, American radio host and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1924 – Bulat Okudzhava, Russian singer, poet, and author (d. 1997)
    • 1926 – John Middleton Murry, Jr., English soldier, pilot, and author (d. 2002)
    • 1927 – Manfred Eigen, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
    • 1928 – Ralph Goings, American painter (d. 2016)
    • 1928 – Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player (d. 1995)
    • 1928 – Barbara Ann Scott, Canadian figure skater (d. 2012)
    • 1930 – Joan Sims, English actress (d. 2001)
    • 1930 – Kalifa Tillisi, Libyan historian and linguist (d. 2010)
    • 1931 – Vance D. Brand, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut
    • 1932 – Conrad Hunte, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1999)
    • 1934 – Alan Bennett, English screenwriter, playwright, and novelist
    • 1935 – Nokie Edwards, American guitarist (d. 2018)
    • 1935 – Roger Hargreaves, English author and illustrator (d. 1988)
    • 1936 – Terry Downes, British boxer and former world middle-weight champion (d. 2017)
    • 1936 – Albert Finney, English actor (d. 2019)
    • 1936 – Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician
    • 1937 – Sonny Curtis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1937 – Rafael Moneo, Spanish architect, designed the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels and Valladolid Science Museum
    • 1937 – Dave Prater, American singer (d. 1988)
    • 1938 – Charles Simić, Serbian-American poet and editor
    • 1939 – Ralph Boston, American long jumper
    • 1939 – Ion Țiriac, Romanian tennis player and manager
    • 1939 – Ken Warby, Australian motorboat racer
    • 1939 – Giorgio Zancanaro, Italian baritone
    • 1939 – John Ogbu, Nigerian-American anthropologist and professor (d. 2003)
    • 1940 – James L. Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1941 – Dorothy Hyman, English sprinter
    • 1941 – Danny Rapp, American musician (d. 1983)
    • 1942 – John Ashcroft, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General
    • 1942 – Tommy Roe, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Vince Cable, English economist and politician, former Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills
    • 1943 – Anders Isaksson, Swedish historian and journalist (d. 2009)
    • 1943 – Colin Pillinger, English astronomer, chemist, and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1944 – Richie Furay, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1945 – Gamal El-Ghitani, Egyptian journalist and author (d. 2015)
    • 1945 – Jupp Heynckes, German footballer and manager
    • 1945 – Steve Katz, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1946 – Candice Bergen, American actress and producer
    • 1946 – Ayşe Nur Zarakolu, Turkish author and activist (d. 2002)
    • 1947 – Yukiya Amano, Japanese diplomat (d. 2019)
    • 1948 – Hans Georg Bock, German mathematician, computer scientist, and academic
    • 1948 – John Mahaffey, American golfer
    • 1948 – Steven W. Mosher, American social scientist and author
    • 1948 – Calvin Murphy, American basketball player and radio host
    • 1949 – Billy Joel, American singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1949 – Richard S. Williamson, American lawyer and diplomat, 17th Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs (d. 2013)
    • 1951 – Alley Mills, American actress
    • 1953 – Bruno Brokken, Belgian high jumper
    • 1955 – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (d. 2012)
    • 1955 – Anne Sofie von Otter, Swedish soprano and actress
    • 1956 – Wendy Crewson, Canadian actress and producer
    • 1956 – Jana Wendt, Australian television host
    • 1958 – Graham Smith, Canadian swimmer
    • 1959 – Andrew Jones, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1960 – Tony Gwynn, American baseball player and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1961 – Sean Altman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1961 – John Corbett, American actor
    • 1962 – Dave Gahan, English singer-songwriter
    • 1962 – Paul Heaton, English singer-songwriter
    • 1963 – Joe Cirella, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1965 – Ken Nomura, Japanese race car driver and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Steve Yzerman, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
    • 1966 – Mark Tinordi, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1968 – Masahiko Harada, Japanese ski jumper
    • 1968 – Graham Harman, American philosopher and academic
    • 1968 – Ruth Kelly, British economist and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
    • 1968 – Marie-José Pérec, French sprinter
    • 1968 – Neil Ruddock, English international footballer and television personality
    • 1970 – Doug Christie, American basketball player
    • 1970 – Hao Haidong, Chinese footballer & all time top scorer for Chinese national team
    • 1970 – Ghostface Killah, American rapper and actor
    • 1971 – Jason Lee, English footballer and manager
    • 1971 – Dan Chiasson, American poet and critic
    • 1972 – Megumi Odaka, Japanese actress and singer
    • 1973 – Tegla Loroupe, Kenyan runner
    • 1973 – Leonard Myles-Mills, Ghanaian sprinter
    • 1975 – Tamia, Canadian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
    • 1975 – Brian Deegan, American motocross rider
    • 1977 – Averno, Mexican wrestler
    • 1977 – Marek Jankulovski, Czech footballer
    • 1977 – Svein Tuft, Canadian cyclist
    • 1978 – Leandro Cufré, Argentinian footballer
    • 1978 – Santiago Dellapè, Argentinian-Italian rugby player
    • 1978 – Aaron Harang, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Marwan al-Shehhi, Emirati terrorist (d. 2001)
    • 1979 – Pierre Bouvier, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1979 – Rosario Dawson, American actress
    • 1979 – Andrew W.K., American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, motivational speaker, and music producer
    • 1980 – Grant Hackett, Australian swimmer
    • 1980 – Angela Nikodinov, American figure skater
    • 1980 – Tony Schmidt, German race car driver
    • 1980 – Jo Hyun-jae, South Korean actor
    • 1981 – Bill Murphy, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Evangelos Tsiolis, Greek footballer
    • 1983 – Giacomo Brichetto, Italian footballer
    • 1983 – Alan Campbell, British sculler
    • 1983 – Christos Marangos, Cypriot footballer
    • 1983 – Ryuhei Matsuda, Japanese actor
    • 1983 – Gilles Müller, Luxembourgian tennis player
    • 1983 – Tyler Lumsden, American baseball player
    • 1983 – Leandro Rinaudo, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Prince Fielder, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Chase Headley, American baseball player
    • 1985 – Jake Long, American football player
    • 1985 – Henrique Andrade Silva, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Scott Bolton, Australian rugby league player
    • 1987 – Kevin Gameiro, French footballer
    • 1987 – Vitaliy Pushkar, Ukrainian race car driver
    • 1988 – J. R. Fitzpatrick, Canadian race car driver
    • 1989 – Ellen White, English footballer
    • 1991 – Majlinda Kelmendi, Kosovar judoka
    • 1992 – Dan Burn, English footballer
    • 1996 – Saron Läänmäe, Estonian footballer
    • 1996 – Grace Reid, Scottish diver

    Deaths on May 9

    • 729 – Osric, king of Northumbria
    • 893 – Shi Pu, warlord of the Tang Dynasty
    • 909 – Adalgar, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
    • 934 – Wang Sitong, Chinese general and governor (b. 892)
    • 1280 – Magnus VI of Norway
    • 1315 – Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1282)
    • 1329 – John Drokensford, Bishop of Bath and Wells
    • 1443 – Niccolò Albergati, Italian Cardinal and diplomat (b. 1373)
    • 1446 – Mary of Enghien (b. 1368)
    • 1590 – Charles de Bourbon French cardinal and pretender to the throne (b. 1523)
    • 1657 – William Bradford, English-American politician, 2nd Governor of Plymouth Colony (b. 1590)
    • 1707 – Dieterich Buxtehude, German-Danish organist and composer (b. 1637)
    • 1736 – Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real, Portuguese judge and politician (b. 1658)
    • 1745 – Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1663)
    • 1747 – John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish field marshal and diplomat, British Ambassador to France (b. 1673)
    • 1760 – Nicolaus Zinzendorf, German bishop and saint (b. 1700)
    • 1789 – Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, French general and engineer (b. 1715)
    • 1790 – William Clingan, American politician (b. 1721)
    • 1791 – Francis Hopkinson, American judge and politician (b. 1737)
    • 1805 – Friedrich Schiller, German poet, playwright, and historian (b. 1759)
    • 1850 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist and physicist (b. 1778)
    • 1850 – Garlieb Merkel, Estonian author and activist (b. 1769)
    • 1861 – Peter Ernst von Lasaulx, German philologist and politician (b. 1805)
    • 1864 – John Sedgwick, American general and educator (b. 1813)
    • 1889 – William S. Harney, American general (b. 1800)
    • 1906 – Oscar von Gebhardt, German theologian and academic (b. 1844)
    • 1914 – C. W. Post, American businessman, founded Post Foods (b. 1854)
    • 1915 – François Faber, Luxembourgian-French cyclist and soldier (b. 1887)
    • 1915 – Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player and cricketer (b. 1883)
    • 1918 – George Coșbuc, Romanian journalist and poet (b. 1866)
    • 1931 – Albert Abraham Michelson, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
    • 1933 – John Arthur Jarvis, English swimmer (b. 1872)
    • 1935 – Ernst Bresslau, German zoologist (b. 1877)
    • 1938 – Thomas B. Thrige, Danish businessman (b. 1866)
    • 1942 – Józef Cebula, Polish priest and saint (b. 1902)
    • 1944 – Han Yong-un, Korean poet and social reformer (b. 1879)
    • 1949 – Louis II, Prince of Monaco (b. 1870)
    • 1950 – Esteban Terradas i Illa, Spanish mathematician and engineer (b. 1883)
    • 1957 – Ernest de Silva, Sri Lankan banker and businessman (b. 1887)
    • 1957 – Ezio Pinza, Italian actor and singer (b. 1892)
    • 1959 – Bhaurao Patil, Indian activist and educator (b. 1887)
    • 1965 – Leopold Figl, Austrian engineer and politician, 18th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1902)
    • 1968 – Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright (b. 1893)
    • 1968 – Harold Gray, American cartoonist, created Little Orphan Annie (b. 1894)
    • 1968 – Marion Lorne, American actress (b. 1883)
    • 1968 – Finlay Currie, British actor (b. 1878)
    • 1970 – Walter Reuther, American union leader (b. 1907)
    • 1976 – Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1920)
    • 1976 – Ulrike Meinhof, German militant, co-founded the Red Army Faction (b. 1934)
    • 1977 – James Jones, American novelist (b. 1921)
    • 1978 – Giuseppe Impastato, Italian journalist and activist (b. 1948)
    • 1978 – Aldo Moro, Italian lawyer and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1916)
    • 1979 – Cyrus S. Eaton, Canadian-American banker, businessman, and philanthropist (b. 1883)
    • 1979 – Eddie Jefferson, American singer and lyricist (b. 1918)
    • 1980 – Kate Molale, South African activist (b. 1928)
    • 1981 – Nelson Algren, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1909)
    • 1983 – Henry Bachtold, Australian soldier and railway engineer (b. 1891)
    • 1985 – Edmond O’Brien, American actor and director (b. 1915)
    • 1986 – Tenzing Norgay, Nepalese mountaineer (b. 1914)
    • 1987 – Obafemi Awolowo, Nigerian lawyer and politician (b. 1909)
    • 1993 – Penelope Gilliatt, English novelist, short story writer, and critic (b. 1932)
    • 1994 – Elias Motsoaledi, South African activist (b. 1924)
    • 1997 – Rawya Ateya, Egyptian captain and politician (b. 1926)
    • 1997 – Marco Ferreri, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
    • 1998 – Alice Faye, American actress and singer (b. 1915)
    • 1998 – Talat Mahmood, Indian singer and actor (b. 1924)
    • 2003 – Russell B. Long, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (b. 1918)
    • 2004 – Akhmad Kadyrov, Chechen cleric and politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic (b. 1951)
    • 2004 – Alan King, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1927)
    • 2004 – Brenda Fassie, South African singer (b. 1964)
    • 2007 – Dwight Wilson, Canadian soldier (b. 1901)
    • 2008 – Jack Gibson, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1929)
    • 2008 – Baptiste Manzini, American football player (b. 1920)
    • 2008 – Nuala O’Faolain, Irish journalist and producer (b. 1942)
    • 2008 – Pascal Sevran, French singer, television host, and author (b. 1945)
    • 2009 – Chuck Daly, American basketball player and coach (b. 1930)
    • 2010 – Lena Horne, American singer, actress, and activist (b. 1917)
    • 2010 – Otakar Motejl, Czech lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
    • 2011 – Wouter Weylandt, Belgian cyclist (b. 1984)
    • 2012 – Bertram Cohler, American psychologist, psychoanalyst, and academic (b. 1938)
    • 2012 – Geoffrey Henry, Cook Islander lawyer and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1940)
    • 2012 – Vidal Sassoon, English-American hairdresser and businessman (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Ramón Blanco Rodríguez, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1952)
    • 2013 – George M. Leader, American soldier and politician, 36th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1918)
    • 2013 – Humberto Lugo Gil, Mexican lawyer and politician, 23rd Governor of Hidalgo (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Ottavio Missoni, Italian hurdler and fashion designer, founded Missoni (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – Giacomo Bini, Italian priest and missionary (b. 1938)
    • 2014 – Harlan Mathews, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy, Indian politician, 12th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (b. 1935)
    • 2014 – Mary Stewart, English-Scottish author and poet (b. 1916)
    • 2015 – Edward W. Estlow, American football player and journalist (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Kenan Evren, Turkish general and politician, 7th President of Turkey (b. 1917)
    • 2015 – Elizabeth Wilson, American actress (b. 1921)
    • 2017 – Robert Miles, a Swiss-born Italian record producer, composer, musician and DJ (b. 1969)
    • 2018 – Per Kirkeby, Danish painter, poet, film maker and sculptor (b. 1938)
    • 2019 – Freddie Starr, English comedian, impressionist, singer and actor (1943)
    • 2020 – Little Richard, American singer, songwriter, and pianist (b. 1932)

    Holidays and observances on May 9

    • Anniversary of Dianetics (Church of Scientology)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Beatus of Lungern
      • Beatus of Vendome
      • Christopher (Eastern Orthodox Church)
      • George Preca
      • Gerontius of Cervia
      • Gregory of Nazianzen (The Episcopal Church (US) and traditional Roman Catholic calendar)
      • Nicolaus Zinzendorf (Lutheran)
      • Pachomius the Great
      • Tudy of Landevennec
      • May 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Commemoration of the end of the German occupation of the Channel Islands related observances:
      • Liberation Day, commemorating the end of the German occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II. (Guernsey and Jersey)
      • National Day (Alderney)
    • Europe Day, commemorating the Schuman Declaration. (European Union)
    • Victory Day observances, celebration of the Soviet Union victory over Nazi Germany (Soviet Union, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan)
      • Victory and Peace Day, marks the capture of Shusha (1992) in the Nagorno-Karabakh War, and the end of World War II. (Armenia)
      • Victory Day over Nazism in World War II (Ukraine)

  • April 29 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
    • 1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and becomes its vassal.
    • 1429 – Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orléans.
    • 1483 – Gran Canaria, the main island of the Canary Islands, is conquered by the Kingdom of Castile.
    • 1521 – Swedish War of Liberation: Swedish troops defeat a Danish force in the Battle of Västerås.
    • 1770 – James Cook arrives in Australia at Botany Bay, which he names.
    • 1781 – American Revolutionary War: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: Maryland’s House of Delegates votes not to secede from the Union.
    • 1862 – American Civil War: The Capture of New Orleans by Union forces under David Farragut.
    • 1864 – Theta Xi fraternity is founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the only fraternity to be founded during the American Civil War.
    • 1903 – A landslide kills 70 people in Frank, in the District of Alberta, Canada.
    • 1910 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the People’s Budget, the first budget in British history with the expressed intent of redistributing wealth among the British public.
    • 1911 – Tsinghua University, one of mainland China’s leading universities, is founded.
    • 1916 – World War I: The UK’s 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut in one of the largest surrenders of British forces up to that point.
    • 1916 – Easter Rising: After six days of fighting, Irish rebel leaders surrender to British forces in Dublin, bringing the Easter Rising to an end.
    • 1944 – World War II: British agent Nancy Wake, a leading figure in the French Resistance and the Gestapo’s most wanted person, parachutes back into France to be a liaison between London and the local maquis group.
    • 1945 – World War II: The Surrender of Caserta is signed by the commander of German forces in Italy.
    • 1945 – World War II: Airdrops of food begin over German-occupied regions of the Netherlands.
    • 1945 – World War II: The Captain-class frigate HMS Goodall (K479) is torpedoed by U-286 outside the Kola Inlet becoming the last Royal Navy ship to be sunk in the European theatre of World War II.
    • 1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler marries his longtime partner Eva Braun in a Berlin bunker and designates Admiral Karl Dönitz as his successor; Hitler and Braun both commit suicide the following day.
    • 1945 – Dachau concentration camp is liberated by United States troops.
    • 1945 – The Italian commune of Fornovo di Taro is liberated from German forces by Brazilian forces.
    • 1946 – The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convenes and indicts former Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tojo and 28 former Japanese leaders for war crimes.
    • 1951 – Tibetan delegates to the Central People’s Government arrive in Beijing and draft a Seventeen Point Agreement for Chinese sovereignty and Tibetan autonomy.
    • 1953 – The first U.S. experimental 3D television broadcast showed an episode of Space Patrol on Los Angeles ABC affiliate KECA-TV.
    • 1965 – Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) successfully launches its seventh rocket in its Rehber series.
    • 1967 – After refusing induction into the United States Army the previous day, Muhammad Ali is stripped of his boxing title.
    • 1968 – The controversial musical Hair, a product of the hippie counter-culture and sexual revolution of the 1960s, opens at the Biltmore Theatre on Broadway, with some of its songs becoming anthems of the anti-Vietnam War movement.
    • 1970 – Vietnam War: United States and South Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia to hunt Viet Cong.
    • 1974 – Watergate scandal: United States President Richard Nixon announces the release of edited transcripts of White House tape recordings relating to the scandal.
    • 1975 – Vietnam War: Operation Frequent Wind: The U.S. begins to evacuate U.S. citizens from Saigon before an expected North Vietnamese takeover. U.S. involvement in the war comes to an end.
    • 1975 – Vietnam War: The North Vietnamese army completes its capture of all parts of South Vietnamese-held Trường Sa Islands.
    • 1986 – A fire at the Central library of the City of Los Angeles Public Library damages or destroys 400,000 books and other items.
    • 1986 – Chernobyl disaster: American and European spy satellites capture the ruins of the 4th Reactor at the Chernobyl Power Plant.
    • 1991 – A cyclone strikes the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around 155 miles per hour (249 km/h), killing at least 138,000 people and leaving as many as ten million homeless.
    • 1991 – The 7.0 Mw  Racha earthquake affects Georgia with a maximum MSK intensity of IX (Destructive), killing 270 people.
    • 1992 – Riots in Los Angeles, following the acquittal of police officers charged with excessive force in the beating of Rodney King. Over the next three days 63 people are killed and hundreds of buildings are destroyed.
    • 1997 – The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 enters into force, outlawing the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons by its signatories.
    • 2011 – The Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.
    • 2013 – A powerful explosion occurs in an office building in Prague, believed to have been caused by natural gas, injures 43 people.
    • 2013 – National Airlines Flight 102, a Boeing 747-400 freighter aircraft, crashes during takeoff from Bagram Airfield in Parwan Province, Afghanistan, killing seven people.
    • 2015 – A baseball game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Chicago White Sox sets the all-time low attendance mark for Major League Baseball. Zero fans were in attendance for the game, as the stadium was officially closed to the public due to the 2015 Baltimore protests.

    Births on April 29

    • 912 – Minamoto no Mitsunaka, Japanese samurai (d. 997)
    • 1469 – William II, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1509)
    • 1587 – Sophie of Saxony, Duchess of Pomerania (d. 1635)
    • 1636 – Esaias Reusner, German lute player and composer (d. 1679)
    • 1665 – James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1745)
    • 1667 – John Arbuthnot, Scottish-English physician and polymath (d. 1735)
    • 1686 – Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English politician, Lord Great Chamberlain (d. 1742)
    • 1727 – Jean-Georges Noverre, French actor and dancer (d. 1810)
    • 1745 – Oliver Ellsworth, American lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1807)
    • 1758 – Georg Carl von Döbeln, Swedish general (d. 1820)
    • 1762 – Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, French general and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1833)
    • 1780 – Charles Nodier, French librarian and author (d. 1844)
    • 1783 – David Cox, English landscape painter (d. 1859)
    • 1784 – Samuel Turell Armstrong, American publisher and politician, 14th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1850)
    • 1810 – Thomas Adolphus Trollope, English journalist and author (d. 1892)
    • 1814 – Sadok Barącz, Galician religious leader, historian, folklorist, archivist (d. 1892)
    • 1818 – Alexander II of Russia (d. 1881)
    • 1837 – Georges Ernest Boulanger, French general and politician, French Minister of War (d. 1891)
    • 1842 – Carl Millöcker, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1899)
    • 1847 – Joachim Andersen, Danish flautist, composer, conductor, and co-founder of the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (d. 1907)
    • 1848 – Raja Ravi Varma, Indian painter and academic (d. 1906)
    • 1854 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician, physicist, and engineer (d. 1912)
    • 1858 – Georgia Hopley, American journalist, temperance advocate, and the first woman prohibition agent (d. 1944)
    • 1863 – Constantine P. Cavafy, Egyptian-Greek journalist and poet (d. 1933)
    • 1863 – William Randolph Hearst, American publisher and politician, founded the Hearst Corporation (d. 1951)
    • 1863 – Maria Teresia Ledóchowska, Austrian nun and missionary (d. 1922)
    • 1872 – Harry Payne Whitney, American businessman and lawyer (d. 1930)
    • 1872 – Forest Ray Moulton, American astronomer and academic (d. 1952)
    • 1875 – Rafael Sabatini, Italian-English novelist and short story writer (d. 1950)
    • 1878 – Friedrich Adler, Jewish-German academic, artist and designer (d.1945)
    • 1879 – Thomas Beecham, English conductor (d. 1961, March 8)
    • 1880 – Fethi Okyar, Turkish military officer, diplomat and politician (d. 1943)
    • 1882 – Auguste Herbin, French painter (d. 1960)
    • 1882 – Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman, Dutch printer, typographer, and Nazi resister (d. 1945)
    • 1891 – Bharathidasan, Indian poet and activist (d. 1964)
    • 1894 – Marietta Blau, Austrian physicist and academic (d. 1970)
    • 1885 – Egon Erwin Kisch, Czech journalist and author (d. 1948)
    • 1887 – Raymond Thorne, American swimmer (d. 1921)
    • 1893 – Harold Urey, American chemist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
    • 1895 – Vladimir Propp, Russian scholar and critic (d. 1970)
    • 1895 – Malcolm Sargent, English organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1967)
    • 1899 – Duke Ellington, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1974)
    • 1899 – Mary Petty, American illustrator (d. 1976)
    • 1900 – Concha de Albornoz, Spanish feminist and intellectual, exiled during the Spanish Civil War (d. 1972)
    • 1900 – Amelia Best, Australian politician, one of the first women elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly (d. 1979)
    • 1901 – Hirohito, Japanese emperor (d. 1989)
    • 1907 – Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-American director and producer (d. 1997)
    • 1908 – Jack Williamson, American author and academic (d. 2006)
    • 1909 – Tom Ewell, American actor (d. 1994)
    • 1912 – Richard Carlson, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1977)
    • 1915 – Henry H. Barschall, German-American physicist and academic (d. 1997)
    • 1917 – Maya Deren, Ukrainian-American director, poet, and photographer (d. 1961)
    • 1917 – Celeste Holm, American actress and singer (d. 2012)
    • 1918 – George Allen, American football player and coach (d. 1990)
    • 1919 – Gérard Oury, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1920 – Edward Blishen, English author and radio host (d. 1996)
    • 1920 – Harold Shapero, American composer (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Helmut Krackowizer, Austrian motorcycle racer and journalist (d. 2001)
    • 1922 – Toots Thielemans, Belgian guitarist and harmonica player (d. 2016)
    • 1923 – Irvin Kershner, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1924 – Al Balding, Canadian golfer (d. 2006)
    • 1924 – Zizi Jeanmaire, French ballerina and actress
    • 1925 – John Compton, Saint Lucian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (d. 2007)
    • 1925 – Iwao Takamoto, American animator, director, and producer (d. 2007)
    • 1926 – Elmer Kelton, American journalist and author (d. 2009)
    • 1927 – Dorothy Manley, English sprinter
    • 1927 – Bill Slater, English footballer (d. 2018)
    • 1928 – Carl Gardner, American singer (d. 2011)
    • 1928 – Heinz Wolff, German-English physiologist, engineer, and academic (d. 2017)
    • 1929 – Walter Kempowski, German author and academic (d. 2007)
    • 1929 – Mickey McDermott, American baseball player and coach (d. 2003)
    • 1929 – Peter Sculthorpe, Australian composer and conductor (d. 2014)
    • 1929 – Maurice Strong, Canadian businessman and diplomat (d. 2015)
    • 1929 – Jeremy Thorpe, English lawyer and politician (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Jean Rochefort, French actor and director (d. 2017)
    • 1931 – Frank Auerbach, British-German painter
    • 1931 – Lonnie Donegan, Scottish-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
    • 1931 – Chris Pearson, Canadian politician, 1st Premier of Yukon (d. 2014)
    • 1932 – Joy Clements, American soprano and actress (d. 2005)
    • 1932 – David Tindle, English painter and educator
    • 1933 – Ed Charles, American baseball player and coach (d. 2018)
    • 1933 – Mark Eyskens, Belgian economist and politician, 61st Prime Minister of Belgium
    • 1933 – Rod McKuen, American singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2015)
    • 1933 – Willie Nelson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor
    • 1934 – Luis Aparicio, Venezuelan-American baseball player
    • 1934 – Peter de la Billière, English general
    • 1934 – Erika Fisch, German sprinter and hurdler
    • 1934 – Pedro Pires, Cape Verdean politician, 3rd President of Cape Verde
    • 1935 – Otis Rush, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2018)
    • 1936 – Zubin Mehta, Indian bassist and conductor
    • 1936 – Adolfo Nicolás, Spanish priest, 13th Superior General of the Society of Jesus
    • 1936 – Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, English banker and philanthropist
    • 1936 – April Stevens, American pop singer
    • 1937 – Arvo Mets, Estonian-Russian poet and translator (d. 1997)
    • 1937 – Jill Paton Walsh, English author
    • 1938 – Bernard Madoff, American businessman, financier and convicted felon
    • 1938 – Klaus Voormann, German artist, bass player, and producer
    • 1940 – Stephanos of Tallinn, Estonian metropolitan
    • 1940 – Brian Taber, Australian cricketer
    • 1941 – Jonah Barrington, English-Irish squash player
    • 1941 – Dorothy Edgington, British philosopher
    • 1941 – Hanne Darboven, German painter (d. 2009)
    • 1942 – Lynda Chalker, Baroness Chalker of Wallasey, English politician, Minister of State for Europe
    • 1942 – Rennie Fritchie, Baroness Fritchie, English civil servant and academic
    • 1942 – Galina Kulakova, Russian skier
    • 1943 – Duane Allen, American country singer
    • 1943 – Brenda Dean, Baroness Dean of Thornton-le-Fylde, English union leader and politician (d. 2018)
    • 1943 – Ruth Deech, Baroness Deech, English lawyer and academic
    • 1944 – Francis Lee, English footballer and businessman
    • 1945 – Brian Charlesworth, English biologist, geneticist, and academic
    • 1945 – Hugh Hopper, English bass guitarist (d. 2009)
    • 1945 – Catherine Lara, French singer-songwriter and violinist
    • 1945 – Tammi Terrell, American soul singer-songwriter (d. 1970)
    • 1946 – Aleksander Wolszczan, Polish astronomer
    • 1947 – Serge Bernier, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1947 – Tommy James, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1947 – Johnny Miller, American golfer and sportscaster
    • 1947 – Jim Ryun, American runner and politician
    • 1948 – Bruce Cutler, American lawyer
    • 1950 – Paul Holmes, New Zealand journalist (d. 2013)
    • 1950 – Phillip Noyce, Australian director and producer
    • 1950 – Debbie Stabenow, American social worker and politician
    • 1951 – Rick Burleson, American baseball player
    • 1951 – Dale Earnhardt, American race car driver (d. 2001)
    • 1951 – John Holmes, English diplomat, British Ambassador to France
    • 1952 – Nora Dunn, American actress and comedian
    • 1952 – David Icke, English footballer and sportscaster
    • 1952 – Bob McClure, American baseball player and coach
    • 1952 – Rob Nicholson, Canadian lawyer and politician, 11th Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1952 – Ron Washington, American baseball player and manager
    • 1954 – Jake Burton Carpenter, American snowboarder and businessman, founded Burton Snowboards
    • 1954 – Jerry Seinfeld, American comedian, actor, and producer
    • 1955 – Don McKinnon, Australian rugby league player
    • 1955 – Kate Mulgrew, American actress
    • 1956 – Karen Barad, American physicist and philosopher
    • 1957 – Daniel Day-Lewis, British-Irish actor
    • 1957 – Mark Kendall, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1958 – Michelle Pfeiffer, American actress
    • 1958 – Eve Plumb, American actress
    • 1958 – Gary Cohen, American baseball play-by-play announcer
    • 1958 – Kevin Moore, English footballer (d. 2013)
    • 1960 – Bill Glasson, American golfer
    • 1960 – Robert J. Sawyer, Canadian author and academic
    • 1962 – Bruce Driver, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1962 – Rob Druppers, Dutch runner
    • 1962 – Stephan Burger, German Catholic archbishop
    • 1963 – Mike Babcock, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1964 – Federico Castelluccio, Italian-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1964 – Radek Jaroš, Czech mountaineer and author
    • 1965 – Michel Bussi, French geographer, author, and academic
    • 1965 – Peter Rauhofer, Austrian-American disc jockey and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1965 – Larisa Turchinskaya, Russian-Australian heptathlete and coach
    • 1965 – Brendon Tuuta, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1966 – Christian Tetzlaff, German violinist
    • 1966 – Phil Tufnell, English cricketer and radio host
    • 1967 – Marcel Albers, Dutch race car driver (d. 1992)
    • 1967 – Curtis Joseph, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1968 – Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, 4th President of Croatia
    • 1968 – Carnie Wilson, American singer-songwriter
    • 1969 – Jack Mackenroth, American swimmer, model, and fashion designer
    • 1970 – Andre Agassi, American tennis player
    • 1970 – Uma Thurman, American actress
    • 1972 – Dustin McDaniel, American lawyer and politician, 55th Arkansas Attorney General
    • 1974 – Jasper Wood, Canadian violinist and educator
    • 1974 – Anggun, Diva Indonesia
    • 1975 – Rafael Betancourt, Venezuelan baseball player
    • 1975 – Artem Yashkin, Ukrainian footballer
    • 1976 – Fabio Liverani, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Chiyotaikai Ryūji, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1977 – Zuzana Hejdová, Czech tennis player
    • 1977 – Claus Jensen, Danish international footballer and manager
    • 1977 – Titus O’Neil, American football player and wrestler
    • 1977 – Attila Zsivoczky, Hungarian decathlete and high jumper
    • 1978 – Tony Armas, Jr., Venezuelan baseball player
    • 1978 – Bob Bryan, American tennis player
    • 1978 – Mike Bryan, American tennis player
    • 1978 – Javier Colon, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1978 – Craig Gower, Australian rugby player
    • 1978 – Tyler Labine, Canadian actor and comedian
    • 1979 – Lee Dong-gook, South Korean footballer
    • 1979 – Ryan Sharp, Scottish race car driver and manager
    • 1980 – Mathieu Biron, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1980 – Kelly Shoppach, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Lisa Allen, English chef
    • 1981 – George McCartney, Northern Irish footballer
    • 1981 – Émilie Mondor, Canadian runner (d. 2006)
    • 1983 – Jay Cutler, American football player
    • 1983 – Tommie Harris, American football player
    • 1983 – David Lee, American basketball player
    • 1984 – Kirby Cote, Canadian swimmer
    • 1984 – Paulius Jankūnas, Lithuanian basketball player
    • 1984 – Lina Krasnoroutskaya, Russian tennis player
    • 1984 – Vassilis Xanthopoulos, Greek basketball player
    • 1985 – Jean-François Jacques, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Byun Yo-han, South Korean actor
    • 1986 – Lee Chae-young, South Korean actress
    • 1986 – Viljar Veski, Estonian basketball player
    • 1986 – Sisa Waqa, Fijian rugby league player
    • 1986 – Monique Alfradique, Brazilian actress
    • 1987 – Knut Børsheim, Norwegian golfer
    • 1987 – Sara Errani, Italian tennis player
    • 1988 – Elías Hernández, Mexican footballer
    • 1988 – Alfred Hui, Hong Kong singer
    • 1988 – Jovan Leacock, American football player
    • 1988 – Taoufik Makhloufi, Algerian athlete
    • 1988 – Jonathan Toews, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1988 – Younha, South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer
    • 1991 – Adam Smith, English footballer
    • 1991 – Jung Hye-sung, South Korean actress
    • 1992 – Emilio Orozco, American soccer player
    • 1992 – Alina Rosenberg, German Paralympic equestrian
    • 1994 – Christina Shakovets, German tennis player
    • 1995 – Victoria Sinitsina, Russian ice dancer
    • 1996 – Katherine Langford, Australian actress
    • 1998 – Kimberly Birrell, Australian tennis player
    • 2007 – Infanta Sofía of Spain, Spanish princess

    Deaths on April 29

    • 643 – Hou Junji, Chinese general and politician, Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
    • 926 – Burchard II, Duke of Swabia (b. 883)
    • 1380 – Catherine of Siena, Italian mystic, philosopher, and saint (b. 1347)
    • 1417 – Louis II of Anjou (b. 1377)
    • 1594 – Thomas Cooper, English bishop, lexicographer, and theologian (b. 1517)
    • 1630 – Agrippa d’Aubigné, French soldier and poet (b. 1552)
    • 1658 – John Cleveland, English poet and author (b. 1613)
    • 1676 – Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (b. 1607)
    • 1688 – Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1620)
    • 1698 – Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk (b. 1655)
    • 1707 – George Farquhar, Irish-English actor and playwright (b. 1678)
    • 1743 – Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre, French theorist and author (b. 1658)
    • 1768 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (b. 1694)
    • 1771 – Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli, French-Italian architect, designed Winter Palace and Catherine Palace (b. 1700)
    • 1776 – Edward Wortley Montagu, English explorer and author (b. 1713)
    • 1793 – John Michell, English geologist and astronomer (b. 1724)
    • 1798 – Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus, Austrian entomologist and author (b. 1723)
    • 1833 – William Babington, Anglo-Irish physician and mineralogist (b. 1756)
    • 1854 – Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1768)
    • 1903 – Paul Du Chaillu, French-American anthropologist and zoologist (b. 1835)
    • 1905 – Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban pianist and composer (b. 1847)
    • 1916 – Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician and academic (b. 1850)
    • 1920 – William H. Seward Jr., American general and banker (b. 1839)
    • 1921 – Arthur Mold, English cricketer (b. 1863)
    • 1933 – Constantine P. Cavafy, Greek poet and journalist (b. 1863)
    • 1937 – William Gillette, American actor and playwright (b. 1853)
    • 1944 – Bernardino Machado, Portuguese academic and politician, 3rd President of Portugal (b. 1851)
    • 1945 – Matthias Kleinheisterkamp, German SS officer (b. 1893)
    • 1947 – Irving Fisher, American economist and statistician (b. 1867)
    • 1951 – Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (b. 1889)
    • 1954 – Kathleen Clarice Groom, Australian-English author and screenwriter (b. 1872)
    • 1956 – Harold Bride, English soldier and operator (b. 1890)
    • 1956 – Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal (b. 1876)
    • 1959 – Kenneth Arthur Noel Anderson, India-born English soldier and Governor of Gibraltar (b. 1891)
    • 1964 – Rae Johnstone, Australian jockey (b. 1905)
    • 1966 – William Eccles, English physicist and engineer (b. 1875)
    • 1966 – Paula Strasberg, American actress, acting coach, and member of the Communist Party (b. 1909)
    • 1967 – J. B. Lenoir, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1929)
    • 1968 – Lin Zhao, Chinese dissident and Christian executed during the Cultural Revolution (b. 1932)
    • 1976 – Edvard Drabløs, Norwegian actor and director (b. 1883)
    • 1978 – Theo Helfrich, German race car driver (b. 1913)
    • 1979 – Muhsin Ertuğrul, Turkish actor and director (b. 1892)
    • 1979 – Hardie Gramatky, American author and illustrator (b. 1907)
    • 1980 – Alfred Hitchcock, English-American director and producer (b. 1899)
    • 1982 – Raymond Bussières, French actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1907)
    • 1992 – Mae Clarke, American actress (b. 1910)
    • 1993 – Michael Gordon, American actor and director (b. 1909)
    • 1993 – Mick Ronson, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1946)
    • 1997 – Mike Royko, American journalist and author (b. 1932)
    • 1998 – Hal Laycoe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1922)
    • 2000 – Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1906)
    • 2001 – Arthur B. C. Walker, Jr., American physicist and academic (b. 1936)
    • 2002 – Bob Akin, American race car driver and journalist (b. 1936)
    • 2003 – Janko Bobetko, Croatian Army general and Chief of the General Staff (b. 1919)
    • 2004 – Sid Smith, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1925)
    • 2005 – William J. Bell, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1927)
    • 2005 – Louis Leithold, American mathematician and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2006 – John Kenneth Galbraith, Canadian-American economist and diplomat, United States Ambassador to India (b. 1908)
    • 2007 – Milt Bocek, American baseball player and soldier (b. 1912)
    • 2007 – Josh Hancock, American baseball player (b. 1978)
    • 2007 – Dick Motz, New Zealand cricketer and rugby player (b. 1940)
    • 2007 – Ivica Račan, Croatian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Croatia (b. 1944)
    • 2008 – Chuck Daigh, American race car driver (b. 1923)
    • 2008 – Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist and academic (b. 1906)
    • 2010 – Sandy Douglas, English computer scientist and academic, designed OXO (b. 1921)
    • 2011 – Siamak Pourzand, Iranian journalist and critic (b. 1931)
    • 2011 – Joanna Russ, American writer, academic and radical feminist (b. 1937)
    • 2012 – Shukri Ghanem, Libyan politician, Prime Minister of Libya (b. 1942)
    • 2012 – Joel Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (b. 1957)
    • 2012 – Roland Moreno. French engineer, invented the smart card (b. 1945)
    • 2012 – Kenny Roberts, American singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
    • 2013 – Alex Elisala, New Zealand-Australian rugby player (b. 1992)
    • 2013 – Pesah Grupper, Israeli politician, 13th Israel Minister of Agriculture (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Parekura Horomia, New Zealand politician, 40th Minister of Māori Affairs (b. 1950)
    • 2013 – John La Montaine, American pianist and composer (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Ernest Michael, American mathematician and scholar (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Kevin Moore, English footballer (b. 1958)
    • 2013 – Marianna Zachariadi, Greek pole vaulter (b. 1990)
    • 2014 – Iveta Bartošová, Czech singer and actress (b. 1966)
    • 2014 – Al Feldstein, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Bob Hoskins, English actor (b. 1942)
    • 2014 – Michael Kadosh, Israeli footballer and manager (b. 1940)
    • 2015 – François Michelin, French businessman (b. 1926)
    • 2015 – Jean Nidetch, American businesswoman, co-founded Weight Watchers (b. 1923)
    • 2015 – Calvin Peete, American golfer (b. 1943)
    • 2015 – Dan Walker, American lawyer and politician, 36th Governor of Illinois (b. 1922)
    • 2016 – Renato Corona, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (b. 1948)
    • 2019 – Josef Šural, Czech footballer (b. 1990)
    • 2020 – Irrfan Khan, Indian film actor (b. 1967)

    Holidays and observances on April 29

    • Christian feast day:
      • Catherine of Siena (Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican Church)
      • Endelienta
      • Hugh of Cluny
      • Robert of Molesme
      • Torpes of Pisa
      • April 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare (United Nations)
    • International Dance Day (UNESCO)
    • Shōwa Day, traditionally the start of the Golden Week holiday period, which is April 29 and May 3–5. (Japan)
  • |

    April 27 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 33 BC – Lucius Marcius Philippus, step-brother to the future emperor Augustus, celebrates a triumph for his victories while serving as governor in one of the provinces of Hispania.
    • 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of the more powerful Roman empresses of Late Antiquity.
    • 629 – Shahrbaraz is crowned as king of the Sasanian Empire.
    • 711 – Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus).
    • 1296 – First War of Scottish Independence: John Balliol’s Scottish army is defeated by an English army commanded by John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey at the Battle of Dunbar.
    • 1509 – Pope Julius II places the Italian state of Venice under interdict.
    • 1521 – Battle of Mactan: Explorer Ferdinand Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines led by chief Lapu-Lapu.
    • 1522 – Combined forces of Spain and the Papal States defeat a French and Venetian army at the Battle of Bicocca.
    • 1539 – Re-founding of the city of Bogotá, New Granada (now Colombia), by Nikolaus Federmann and Sebastián de Belalcázar.
    • 1565 – Cebu is established becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
    • 1578 – Duel of the Mignons claims the lives of two favourites of Henry III of France and two favorites of Henry I, Duke of Guise.
    • 1595 – The relics of Saint Sava are incinerated in Belgrade on the Vračar plateau by Ottoman Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha; the site of the incineration is now the location of the Church of Saint Sava, one of the largest Orthodox churches in the world.
    • 1650 – The Battle of Carbisdale: A Royalist army from Orkney invades mainland Scotland but is defeated by a Covenanter army.
    • 1667 – Blind and impoverished, John Milton sells Paradise Lost to a printer for £10, so that it could be entered into the Stationers’ Register.
    • 1777 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Ridgefield: A British invasion force engages and defeats Continental Army regulars and militia irregulars at Ridgefield, Connecticut.
    • 1805 – First Barbary War: United States Marines and Berbers attack the Tripolitan city of Derna (The “shores of Tripoli” part of the Marines’ Hymn).
    • 1813 – War of 1812: American troops capture York, the capital of Upper Canada, in the Battle of York.
    • 1861 – American President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus.
    • 1865 – The New York State Senate creates Cornell University as the state’s land grant institution.
    • 1906 – The State Duma of the Russian Empire meets for the first time.
    • 1909 – Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.
    • 1911 – Following the resignation and death of William P. Frye, a compromise is reached to rotate the office of President pro tempore of the United States Senate.
    • 1927 – Carabineros de Chile (Chilean national police force and gendarmerie) are created.
    • 1936 – The United Auto Workers (UAW) gains autonomy from the American Federation of Labor.
    • 1941 – World War II: German troops enter Athens.
    • 1941 – World War II: The Communist Party of Slovenia, the Slovene Christian Socialists, the left-wing Slovene Sokols (also known as “National Democrats”) and a group of progressive intellectuals establish the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation.
    • 1945 – World War II: The last German formations withdraw from Finland to Norway. The Lapland War and thus, World War II in Finland, comes to an end and the Raising the Flag on the Three-Country Cairn photograph is taken.
    • 1945 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is arrested by Italian partisans in Dongo, while attempting escape disguised as a German soldier.
    • 1953 – Operation Moolah offers $50,000 to any pilot who defected with a fully mission-capable Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 to South Korea. The first pilot was to receive $100,000.
    • 1960 – Togo gains independence from French-administered UN trusteeship.
    • 1961 – Sierra Leone is granted its independence from the United Kingdom, with Milton Margai as the first Prime Minister.
    • 1967 – Expo 67 officially opens in Montreal, Quebec, Canada with a large opening ceremony broadcast around the world. It opens to the public the next day.
    • 1974 – Ten thousand march in Washington, D.C., calling for the impeachment of U.S. President Richard Nixon.
    • 1978 – Former United States President Nixon aide John D. Ehrlichman is released from an Arizona prison after serving 18 months for Watergate-related crimes.
    • 1978 – The Saur Revolution begins in Afghanistan, ending the following morning with the murder of Afghan President Mohammed Daoud Khan and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
    • 1981 – Xerox PARC introduces the computer mouse.
    • 1986 – The city of Pripyat and surrounding areas are evacuated due to Chernobyl disaster.
    • 1987 – The U.S. Department of Justice bars Austrian President Kurt Waldheim (and his wife, Elisabeth, who had also been a Nazi) from entering the US, charging that he had aided in the deportations and executions of thousands of Jews and others as a German Army officer during World War II.
    • 1989 – The April 27 demonstrations, student-led protests responding to the April 26 Editorial, during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
    • 1992 – The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, comprising Serbia and Montenegro, is proclaimed.
    • 1992 – Betty Boothroyd becomes the first woman to be elected Speaker of the British House of Commons in its 700-year history.
    • 1992 – The Russian Federation and 12 other former Soviet republics become members of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
    • 1993 – Most of the Zambia national football team lose their lives in a plane crash off Libreville, Gabon en route to Dakar, Senegal to play a 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifying match against Senegal.
    • 1994 – South African general election: The first democratic general election in South Africa, in which black citizens could vote. The Interim Constitution comes into force.
    • 2005 – Airbus A380 aircraft had its maiden test flight.
    • 2006 – Construction begins on the Freedom Tower (later renamed One World Trade Center) in New York City.
    • 2007 – Estonian authorities remove the Bronze Soldier, a Soviet Red Army war memorial in Tallinn, amid political controversy with Russia.
    • 2007 – Israeli archaeologists discover the tomb of Herod the Great south of Jerusalem.
    • 2011 – The 2011 Super Outbreak devastates parts of the Southeastern United States, especially the states of Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia, and Tennessee. 205 tornadoes touched down on April 27 alone, killing more than 300 and injuring hundreds more.
    • 2012 – At least four explosions hit the Ukrainian city of Dnipropetrovsk with at least 27 people injured.
    • 2018 – The Panmunjom Declaration is signed between North and South Korea, officially declaring their intentions to end the Korean conflict.

    Births on April 27

    • 85 BC – Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, Roman politician and general (d. 43 BC)
    • 1468 – Frederick Jagiellon, Primate of Poland (d. 1503)
    • 1564 – Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (d. 1632)
    • 1556 – François Béroalde de Verville, French writer (d. 1626)
    • 1593 – Mumtaz Mahal, Mughal empress buried at the Taj Mahal (d. 1631)
    • 1650 – Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen Consort of Denmark (1670-1699) (d. 1714)
    • 1654 – Charles Blount, English deist and philosopher (d. 1693)
    • 1701 – Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (d. 1773)
    • 1718 – Thomas Lewis, Irish-born American surveyor and lawyer (d. 1790)
    • 1748 – Adamantios Korais, Greek-French philosopher and scholar (d. 1833)
    • 1755 – Marc-Antoine Parseval, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1836)
    • 1759 – Mary Wollstonecraft, English philosopher, historian, and novelist (d. 1797)
    • 1788 – Charles Robert Cockerell, English architect, archaeologist, and writer (d. 1863)
    • 1791 – Samuel Morse, American painter and inventor, co-invented the Morse code (d. 1872)
    • 1812 – William W. Snow, American lawyer and politician (d. 1886)
    • 1812 – Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (d. 1883)
    • 1820 – Herbert Spencer, English biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and philosopher (d. 1903)
    • 1822 – Ulysses S. Grant, American general and politician, 18th President of the United States (d. 1885)
    • 1840 – Edward Whymper, English-French mountaineer, explorer, author, and illustrator (d. 1911)
    • 1848 – Otto of Bavaria (d. 1916)
    • 1850 – Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German general and politician (d. 1921)
    • 1853 – Jules Lemaître, French playwright and critic (d. 1914)
    • 1857 – Theodor Kittelsen, Norwegian painter and illustrator (d. 1914)
    • 1861 – William Arms Fisher, American composer and music historian (d. 1948)
    • 1866 – Maurice Raoul-Duval, French polo player (d. 1916)
    • 1875 – Frederick Fane, Irish-born, English cricketer (d. 1960)
    • 1880 – Mihkel Lüdig, Estonian organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1958)
    • 1882 – Jessie Redmon Fauset, American author and poet (d. 1961)
    • 1887 – Warren Wood, American golfer (d. 1926)
    • 1888 – Florence La Badie, Canadian actress (d. 1917)
    • 1891 – Sergei Prokofiev, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1953)
    • 1893 – Draža Mihailović, Serbian general (d. 1946)
    • 1893 – Allen Sothoron, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1939)
    • 1894 – George Petty, American painter and illustrator (d. 1975)
    • 1894 – Nicolas Slonimsky, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1995)
    • 1896 – Rogers Hornsby, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1963)
    • 1896 – William Hudson, New Zealand-Australian engineer (d. 1978)
    • 1896 – Wallace Carothers, American chemist and inventor of nylon (d. 1937)
    • 1898 – Ludwig Bemelmans, Italian-American author and illustrator (d. 1962)
    • 1899 – Walter Lantz, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and actor (d. 1994)
    • 1900 – August Koern, Estonian politician and diplomat, Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs in exile (d. 1989)
    • 1902 – Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté, Malian educator and activist (d. 1942)
    • 1904 – Cecil Day-Lewis, Anglo-Irish poet and author (d. 1972)
    • 1904 – Nikos Zachariadis, Greek politician (d. 1973)
    • 1905 – John Kuck, American javelin thrower and shot putter (d. 1986)
    • 1906 – Yiorgos Theotokas, Greek author and playwright (d. 1966)
    • 1910 – Chiang Ching-kuo, Chinese politician, 3rd President of the Republic of China (d. 1988)
    • 1911 – Bruno Beger, German anthropologist and ethnologist (d. 2009)
    • 1911 – Chris Berger, Dutch sprinter and footballer (d. 1965)
    • 1912 – Jacques de Bourbon-Busset, French author and politician (d. 2001)
    • 1912 – Zohra Sehgal, Indian actress, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014)
    • 1913 – Philip Abelson, American physicist and author (d. 2004)
    • 1913 – Irving Adler, American mathematician, author, and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1913 – Luz Long, German long jumper and soldier (d. 1943)
    • 1916 – Robert Hugh McWilliams, Jr., American sergeant, lawyer, and judge (d. 2013)
    • 1916 – Enos Slaughter, American baseball player and manager (d. 2002)
    • 1917 – Roman Matsov, Estonian violinist, pianist, and conductor (d. 2001)
    • 1918 – Sten Rudholm, Swedish lawyer and jurist (d. 2008)
    • 1920 – Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (d. 1956)
    • 1920 – Mark Krasnosel’skii, Ukrainian mathematician and academic (d. 1997)
    • 1920 – James Robert Mann, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (d. 2010)
    • 1920 – Edwin Morgan, Scottish poet and translator (d. 2010)
    • 1921 – Robert Dhéry, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1922 – Jack Klugman, American actor (d. 2012)
    • 1922 – Sheila Scott, English nurse and pilot (d. 1988)
    • 1923 – Betty Mae Tiger Jumper, Seminole chief (d. 2011)
    • 1924 – Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Derek Chinnery, English broadcaster (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Tim LaHaye, American minister, activist, and author (d. 2016)
    • 1926 – Basil A. Paterson, American lawyer and politician, 59th Secretary of State of New York (d. 2014)
    • 1926 – Alan Reynolds, English painter and educator (d. 2014)
    • 1927 – Coretta Scott King, African-American activist and author (d. 2006)
    • 1927 – Joe Moakley, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (d. 2001)
    • 1929 – Nina Ponomaryova, Russian discus thrower and coach (d. 2016)
    • 1931 – Igor Oistrakh, Ukrainian violinist and educator
    • 1932 – Anouk Aimée, French actress
    • 1932 – Pik Botha, South African lawyer, politician, and diplomat, 8th South African Ambassador to the United States (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Casey Kasem, American disc jockey, music historian, radio celebrity, and voice actor; co-created American Top 40 (d. 2014)
    • 1932 – Chuck Knox, American football coach (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Derek Minter, English motorcycle racer (d. 2015)
    • 1932 – Gian-Carlo Rota, Italian-American mathematician and philosopher (d. 1999)
    • 1933 – Peter Imbert, Baron Imbert, English police officer and politician, Lord Lieutenant for Greater London (d. 2017)
    • 1935 – Theodoros Angelopoulos, Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
    • 1935 – Ron Morris, American pole vaulter and coach
    • 1936 – Geoffrey Shovelton, English singer and illustrator (d. 2016)
    • 1937 – Sandy Dennis, American actress (d. 1992)
    • 1937 – Robin Eames, Irish Anglican archbishop
    • 1937 – Richard Perham, English biologist and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Earl Anthony, American bowler and sportscaster (d. 2001)
    • 1938 – Alain Caron, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1986)
    • 1939 – Judy Carne, English actress and comedian (d. 2015)
    • 1939 – Stanisław Dziwisz, Polish cardinal
    • 1941 – Fethullah Gülen, Turkish preacher and theologian
    • 1941 – Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti, Indian archaeologist
    • 1941 – Lee Roy Jordan, American football player
    • 1942 – Ruth Glick, American author
    • 1942 – Jim Keltner, American drummer
    • 1943 – Helmut Marko, Austrian race car driver and manager
    • 1944 – Michael Fish, English meteorologist and journalist
    • 1944 – Cuba Gooding Sr., American singer (d. 2017)
    • 1944 – Herb Pedersen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1945 – Martin Chivers, English footballer and manager
    • 1945 – Jack Deverell, English general
    • 1945 – Helen Hodgman, Scottish-Australian author
    • 1945 – Terry Willesee, Australian journalist and television host
    • 1945 – August Wilson, American author and playwright (d. 2005)
    • 1946 – Franz Roth, German footballer
    • 1947 – G. K. Butterfield, African-American soldier, lawyer, and politician
    • 1947 – Nick Greiner, Hungarian-Australian politician, 37th Premier of New South Wales
    • 1947 – Pete Ham, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
    • 1947 – Keith Magnuson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2003)
    • 1947 – Ann Peebles, American soul singer-songwriter
    • 1948 – Frank Abagnale Jr., American security consultant and criminal
    • 1948 – Josef Hickersberger, Austrian footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1948 – Kate Pierson, American singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1949 – Grant Chapman, Australian businessman and politician
    • 1950 – Jaime Fresnedi, Filipino politician
    • 1950 – Paul Lockyer, Australian journalist (d. 2011)
    • 1951 – Ace Frehley, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1952 – Larry Elder, American lawyer and talk show host
    • 1952 – George Gervin, American basketball player
    • 1952 – Ari Vatanen, Finnish race car driver and politician
    • 1953 – Arielle Dombasle, French-American actress and model
    • 1954 – Frank Bainimarama, Fijian commander and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Fiji
    • 1954 – Herman Edwards, American football player, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1954 – Mark Holden, Australian singer, actor, and lawyer
    • 1955 – Gudrun Berend, German hurdler (d. 2011)
    • 1955 – Eric Schmidt, American engineer and businessman
    • 1956 – Bryan Harvey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
    • 1956 – Jeff Probyn, English rugby player, coach, and manager
    • 1957 – Willie Upshaw, American baseball player and manager
    • 1959 – Sheena Easton, Scottish-American singer-songwriter, actress, and producer
    • 1959 – Marco Pirroni, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1960 – Mike Krushelnyski, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1961 – Andrew Schlafly, American lawyer and activist, founded Conservapedia
    • 1962 – Ángel Comizzo, Argentinian footballer and manager
    • 1962 – Seppo Räty, Finnish javelin thrower and coach
    • 1962 – Im Sang-soo, South Korean director and screenwriter
    • 1962 – Andrew Selous, English soldier and politician
    • 1963 – Russell T Davies, Welsh screenwriter and producer
    • 1965 – Anna Chancellor, English actress
    • 1966 – Peter McIntyre, Australian cricketer
    • 1966 – Yoshihiro Togashi, Japanese illustrator
    • 1967 – Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands
    • 1967 – Tommy Smith, Scottish saxophonist, composer, and educator
    • 1967 – Erik Thomson, Scottish-New Zealand actor
    • 1967 – Jason Whitlock, American football player and journalist
    • 1968 – Dana Milbank, American journalist and author
    • 1969 – Cory Booker, African-American lawyer and politician
    • 1969 – Darcey Bussell, English ballerina
    • 1971 – Olari Elts, Estonian conductor
    • 1972 – Nigel Barker, English photographer and author
    • 1972 – Almedin Civa, Bosnian footballer and coach
    • 1973 – Duško Adamović, Serbian footballer
    • 1973 – Sharlee D’Angelo, Swedish bass player and songwriter
    • 1973 – Sébastien Lareau, Canadian tennis player
    • 1974 – Frank Catalanotto, American baseball player
    • 1974 – Richard Johnson, Australian footballer
    • 1975 – Rabih Abdullah, American football player
    • 1975 – Chris Carpenter, American baseball player and manager
    • 1975 – Pedro Feliz, Dominican baseball player
    • 1975 – Kazuyoshi Funaki, Japanese ski jumper
    • 1976 – Isobel Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter and cellist
    • 1976 – Sally Hawkins, English actress
    • 1976 – Walter Pandiani, Uruguayan footballer
    • 1976 – Faisal Saif, Indian director, screenwriter, and critic
    • 1979 – Will Boyd, American bass player
    • 1979 – Natasha Chokljat, Australian netball player
    • 1979 – Vladimir Kozlov, Ukrainian wrestler
    • 1980 – Sybille Bammer, Austrian tennis player
    • 1980 – Talitha Cummins, Australian journalist
    • 1980 – Christian Lara, Ecuadorian footballer
    • 1981 – Joey Gathright, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Patrik Gerrbrand, Swedish footballer
    • 1982 – François Parisien, Canadian cyclist
    • 1982 – Alexander Widiker, German rugby player
    • 1983 – Ari Graynor, American actress and producer
    • 1983 – Martin Viiask, Estonian basketball player
    • 1984 – Pierre-Marc Bouchard, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Daniel Holdsworth, Australian rugby league player
    • 1984 – Patrick Stump, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1985 – José António de Miranda da Silva Júnior, Brazilian footballer
    • 1985 – Meselech Melkamu, Ethiopian runner
    • 1986 – Jenna Coleman, English actress
    • 1986 – Hayley Mulheron, Scottish netball player
    • 1986 – Dinara Safina, Russian tennis player
    • 1987 – Taylor Chorney, American ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Elliott Shriane, Australian speed skater
    • 1987 – William Moseley, English actor
    • 1987 – Wang Feifei, Chinese singer and actress
    • 1988 – Joeri Dequevy, Belgian footballer
    • 1988 – Kris Thackray, English footballer
    • 1988 – Semyon Varlamov, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1988 – Lizzo, American singer and rapper
    • 1989 – Lars Bender, German footballer
    • 1989 – Sven Bender, German footballer
    • 1989 – Tim Glasby, Australian rugby league player
    • 1989 – Dmytro Kozban, Ukrainian footballer
    • 1990 – Trude Raad, Norwegian deaf track and field athlete
    • 1991 – Isaac Cuenca, Spanish footballer
    • 1991 – Eric Fukusaki, Peruvian singer
    • 1991 – Lara Gut, Swiss skier
    • 1992 – Keenan Allen, American football player
    • 1994 – Corey Seager, American baseball player
    • 1995 – Nick Kyrgios, Australian tennis player
    • 1997 – Josh Onomah, English footballer

    Deaths on April 27

    • 630 – Ardashir III of Persia (b. 621)
    • 1160 – Rudolf I, Count of Bregenz (b. 1081)
    • 1272 – Zita, Italian saint (b. 1212)
    • 1321 – Nicolò Albertini, Italian cardinal statesman (b. c. 1250)
    • 1353 – Simeon of Moscow, Grand Prince of Moscow and Vladimir
    • 1403 – Maria of Bosnia, Countess of Helfenstein (b. 1335)
    • 1404 – Philip II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1342)
    • 1463 – Isidore of Kiev (b. 1385)
    • 1521 – Ferdinand Magellan, Portuguese sailor and explorer (b. 1480)
    • 1599 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese general (b. 1538)
    • 1605 – Pope Leo XI (b. 1535)
    • 1607 – Edward Cromwell, 3rd Baron Cromwell, Governor of Lecale (b. 1560)
    • 1613 – Robert Abercromby, Scottish priest and missionary (b. 1532)
    • 1656 – Jan van Goyen, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1596)
    • 1694 – John George IV, Elector of Saxony (b. 1668)
    • 1695 – John Trenchard, English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1640)
    • 1702 – Jean Bart, French admiral (b. 1651)
    • 1782 – William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot, English politician, Lord Steward of the Household (b. 1710)
    • 1813 – Zebulon Pike, American general and explorer (b. 1779)
    • 1873 – William Macready, English actor and manager (b. 1793)
    • 1882 – Ralph Waldo Emerson, American poet and philosopher (b. 1803)
    • 1893 – John Ballance, Irish-born New Zealand journalist and politician, 14th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1839)
    • 1896 – Henry Parkes, English-Australian businessman and politician, 7th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1815)
    • 1915 – John Labatt, Canadian businessman (b. 1838)
    • 1915 – Alexander Scriabin, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1872)
    • 1932 – Hart Crane, American poet (b. 1899)
    • 1936 – Karl Pearson, English mathematician and academic (b. 1857)
    • 1937 – Antonio Gramsci, Italian sociologist, linguist, and politician (b. 1891)
    • 1938 – Edmund Husserl, Czech mathematician and philosopher (b. 1859)
    • 1952 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician and statistician (b. 1865)
    • 1961 – Roy Del Ruth, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1893)
    • 1962 – A. K. Fazlul Huq, Bangladeshi-Pakistani lawyer and politician, Pakistani Minister of the Interior (b. 1873)
    • 1965 – Edward R. Murrow, American journalist (b. 1908)
    • 1967 – William Douglas Cook, New Zealand farmer, founded the Eastwoodhill Arboretum (b. 1884)
    • 1969 – René Barrientos, Bolivian soldier, pilot, and politician, 55th President of Bolivia (b. 1919)
    • 1970 – Arthur Shields, Irish rebel and actor (b. 1896)
    • 1972 – Kwame Nkrumah, Ghanaian politician, 1st President of Ghana (b. 1909)
    • 1973 – Carlos Menditeguy, Argentinian race car driver and polo player (b. 1914)
    • 1977 – Stanley Adams, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1915)
    • 1988 – Fred Bear, American hunter and author (b. 1902)
    • 1989 – Konosuke Matsushita, Japanese businessman, founded Panasonic (b. 1894)
    • 1992 – Olivier Messiaen, French organist and composer (b. 1908)
    • 1992 – Gerard K. O’Neill, American physicist and astronomer (b. 1927)
    • 1995 – Katherine DeMille, Canadian-American actress (b. 1911)
    • 1995 – Willem Frederik Hermans, Dutch author, poet, and playwright (b. 1921)
    • 1996 – William Colby, American diplomat, 10th Director of Central Intelligence (b. 1920)
    • 1996 – Gilles Grangier, French director and screenwriter (b. 1911)
    • 1998 – John Bassett, Canadian journalist and politician (b. 1915)
    • 1998 – Carlos Castaneda, Peruvian-American anthropologist and author (b. 1925)
    • 1998 – Anne Desclos, French journalist and author (b. 1907)
    • 1998 – Browning Ross, American runner and soldier (b. 1924)
    • 1999 – Al Hirt, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1922)
    • 1999 – Dale C. Thomson, Canadian historian, author, and academic (b. 1923)
    • 1999 – Cyril Washbrook, English cricketer (b. 1914)
    • 2002 – George Alec Effinger, American author (b. 1947)
    • 2002 – Ruth Handler, American inventor and businesswoman, created the Barbie doll (b. 1916)
    • 2005 – Red Horner, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1909)
    • 2006 – Julia Thorne, American author (b. 1944)
    • 2007 – Mstislav Rostropovich, Russian cellist and conductor (b. 1927)
    • 2009 – Frankie Manning, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1914)
    • 2009 – Woo Seung-yeon, South Korean model and actress (b. 1983)
    • 2009 – Feroz Khan (actor), Indian Actor, Film Director & Producer (b. 1939)
    • 2011 – Marian Mercer, American actress and singer (b. 1935)
    • 2012 – Daniel E. Boatwright, American soldier and politician (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Bill Skowron, American baseball player (b. 1930)
    • 2013 – Aída Bortnik, Argentinian screenwriter (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Lorraine Copeland, Scottish archaeologist (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Antonio Díaz Jurado, Spanish footballer (b. 1969)
    • 2013 – Jérôme Louis Heldring, Dutch journalist and author (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Aloysius Jin Luxian, Chinese bishop (b. 1916)
    • 2013 – Mutula Kilonzo, Kenyan lawyer and politician, Kenyan Minister of Justice (b. 1948)
    • 2014 – Yigal Arnon, Israeli lawyer (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Vujadin Boškov, Serbian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Daniel Colchico, American football player and coach (b. 1935)
    • 2014 – Harry Firth, Australian race car driver and manager (b. 1918)
    • 2015 – Gene Fullmer, American boxer (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – Verne Gagne, American football player, wrestler, and trainer (b. 1926)
    • 2015 – Alexander Rich, American biologist, biophysicist, and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2017 – Vinod Khanna, Indian actor, producer and politician (b. 1946)
    • 2017 – Sadanoyama Shinmatsu, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1938)

    Holidays and observances on April 27

    • Christian feast days:
      • Anthimus of Nicomedia
      • Assicus
      • Floribert of Liège
      • John of Constantinople
      • Liberalis of Treviso
      • Pollio
      • Rafael Arnáiz Barón
      • Virgin of Montserrat
      • Zita
      • April 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of Russian Parliamentarism (Russia)
    • Day of the Uprising Against the Occupying Forces (Slovenia)
    • Flag Day (Moldova)
    • Freedom Day (South Africa)
      • UnFreedom Day (South Africa, unofficial)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Sierra Leone from United Kingdom in 1961.
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Togo from France in 1960.
    • King’s Day (Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten) (celebrated on April 26 if April 27 falls on a Sunday)
    • National Veterans’ Day (Finla