1775

  • August 1 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic.
    • AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt under the leadership of Gaius Julius Civilis.
    • 527 – Justinian I becomes the sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.
    • 607 – Ono no Imoko is dispatched as envoy to the Sui court in China (Traditional Japanese date: July 3, 607).
    • 902 – Taormina, the last Byzantine stronghold in Sicily, is captured by the Aghlabids army, concluding the Muslim conquest of Sicily.
    • 1203 – Isaac II Angelos, restored Eastern Roman Emperor, declares his son Alexios IV Angelos co-emperor after pressure from the forces of the Fourth Crusade.
    • 1291 – The Old Swiss Confederacy is formed with the signature of the Federal Charter.
    • 1469 – Louis XI of France founds the chivalric order called the Order of Saint Michael in Amboise.
    • 1498 – Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to visit what is now Venezuela.
    • 1571 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta.
    • 1620 – Speedwell leaves Delfshaven to bring pilgrims to America by way of England.
    • 1664 – Ottoman forces are defeated in the battle of Saint Gotthard by an Austrian army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, resulting in the Peace of Vasvár.
    • 1714 – George, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain, marking the beginning of the Georgian era of British history.
    • 1759 – Seven Years’ War: The Battle of Minden, an allied Anglo-German army victory over the French. In Britain this was one of a number of events that constituted the Annus Mirabilis of 1759 and is celebrated as Minden Day by certain British Army regiments.
    • 1774 – British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
    • 1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay): Battle begins when a British fleet engages the French Revolutionary Navy fleet in an unusual night action.
    • 1800 – The Acts of Union 1800 are passed which merge the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
    • 1801 – First Barbary War: The American schooner USS Enterprise captures the Tripolitan polacca Tripoli in a single-ship action off the coast of modern-day Libya.
    • 1834 – Slavery is abolished in the British Empire as the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force, although it remains legal in the possessions of the East India Company until the passage of the Indian Slavery Act, 1843.
    • 1842 – The Lombard Street riot erupts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
    • 1849 – Joven Daniel wrecks at the coast of Araucanía, Chile, leading to allegations that local Mapuche tribes murdered survivors and kidnapped Elisa Bravo.
    • 1855 – The first ascent of Monte Rosa, the second highest summit in the Alps.
    • 1876 – Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state.
    • 1893 – Henry Perky patents shredded wheat.
    • 1894 – The First Sino-Japanese War erupts between Japan and China over Korea.
    • 1907 – The start of the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island, the origin of the worldwide Scouting movement.
    • 1911 – Harriet Quimby takes her pilot’s test and becomes the first U.S. woman to earn an Aero Club of America aviator’s certificate.
    • 1914 – The German Empire declares war on the Russian Empire at the opening of World War I. The Swiss Army mobilizes because of World War I.
    • 1927 – The Nanchang Uprising marks the first significant battle in the Chinese Civil War between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party. This day is commemorated as the anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army.
    • 1933 – Anti-Fascist activists Bruno Tesch, Walter Möller, Karl Wolff, and August Lütgens are executed by the Nazi regime in Altona.
    • 1936 – The Olympics opened in Berlin with a ceremony presided over by Adolf Hitler.
    • 1937 – Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution “Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH” to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor.
    • 1943 – World War II: Operation Tidal Wave also known as “Black Sunday”, was a failed American attempt to destroy Romanian oil fields.
    • 1944 – World War II: The Warsaw Uprising against the Nazi German occupation breaks out in Warsaw, Poland.
    • 1946 – Leaders of the Russian Liberation Army, a force of Russian prisoners of war that collaborated with Nazi Germany, are executed in Moscow, Soviet Union for treason.
    • 1950 – Guam is organized as a United States commonwealth as President Harry S. Truman signs the Guam Organic Act.
    • 1957 – The United States and Canada form the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).
    • 1960 – Dahomey (later renamed Benin) declares independence from France.
    • 1960 – Islamabad is declared the federal capital of the Government of Pakistan.
    • 1961 – U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara orders the creation of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the nation’s first centralized military espionage organization.
    • 1964 – The former Belgian Congo is renamed the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
    • 1965 – Frank Herbert’s novel, Dune was published for the first time. It was named as the world’s best-selling science fiction novel in 2003.
    • 1966 – Charles Whitman kills 16 people at the University of Texas at Austin before being killed by the police.
    • 1966 – Purges of intellectuals and imperialists becomes official China policy at the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.
    • 1968 – The coronation is held of Hassanal Bolkiah, the 29th Sultan of Brunei.
    • 1971 – The Concert for Bangladesh, organized by former Beatle George Harrison, is held at Madison Square Garden in New York City.
    • 1974 – Cyprus dispute: The United Nations Security Council authorizes the UNFICYP to create the “Green Line”, dividing Cyprus into two zones.
    • 1980 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir is elected President of Iceland and becomes the world’s first democratically elected female head of state.
    • 1980 – A train crash kills 18 people in County Cork, Ireland.
    • 1981 – MTV begins broadcasting in the United States and airs its first video, “Video Killed the Radio Star” by The Buggles.
    • 1984 – Commercial peat-cutters discover the preserved bog body of a man, called Lindow Man, at Lindow Moss, Cheshire, England.
    • 1988 – A British soldier was killed in the Inglis Barracks bombing in London, England.
    • 1993 – The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 comes to a peak.
    • 1998 – The establishment of Muslim Medics, one of the largest student-led societies in Imperial College London that provides both academic and wellbeing support to medical students of all backgrounds.
    • 2004 – A supermarket fire kills 396 people and injures 500 others in Asunción, Paraguay.
    • 2007 – The I-35W Mississippi River bridge spanning the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, collapses during the evening rush hour, killing 13 people and injuring 145.
    • 2008 – The Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway begins operation as the fastest commuter rail system in the world.
    • 2008 – Eleven mountaineers from international expeditions died on K2, the second-highest mountain on Earth in the worst single accident in the history of K2 mountaineering.
    • 2017 – A suicide attack on a mosque in Herat, Afghanistan kills 20 people.

    Births on August 1

    • 10 BC – Claudius, Roman emperor (d. 54)
    • 126 – Pertinax, Roman emperor (d. 193)
    • 845 – Sugawara no Michizane, Japanese scholar and politician (d. 903)
    • 992 – Hyeonjong, Korean king (d. 1031)
    • 1068 – Taizu, Chinese emperor (d. 1123)
    • 1313 – Kōgon, Japanese emperor (d. 1364)
    • 1377 – Go-Komatsu, Japanese emperor (d. 1433)
    • 1385 – John FitzAlan, 13th Earl of Arundel (d. 1421)
    • 1410 – Jan IV, count of Nassau-Dillenburg (d. 1475)
    • 1492 – Wolfgang, German prince (d. 1566)
    • 1520 – Sigismund II, Polish king (d. 1572)
    • 1545 – Andrew Melville, Scottish theologian and scholar (d. 1622)
    • 1555 – Edward Kelley, English spirit medium (d. 1597)
    • 1579 – Luis Vélez de Guevara, Spanish author and playwright (d. 1644)
    • 1626 – Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi and theorist (d. 1676)
    • 1630 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1673)
    • 1659 – Sebastiano Ricci, Italian painter (d. 1734)
    • 1713 – Charles I, German duke and prince (d. 1780)
    • 1714 – Richard Wilson, Welsh painter and academic (d. 1782)
    • 1738 – Jacques François Dugommier, French general (d. 1794)
    • 1744 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French soldier, biologist, and academic (d. 1829)
    • 1770 – William Clark, American soldier, explorer, and politician, 4th Governor of Missouri Territory (d. 1838)
    • 1778 – Mary Jefferson Eppes, daughter of Thomas Jefferson who died in childbirth (d. 1804)
    • 1779 – Francis Scott Key, American lawyer, author, and poet (d. 1843)
    • 1779 – Lorenz Oken, German-Swiss botanist, biologist, and ornithologist (d. 1851)
    • 1809 – William B. Travis, American colonel and lawyer (d. 1836)
    • 1815 – Richard Henry Dana, Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1882)
    • 1818 – Maria Mitchell, American astronomer and academic (d. 1889)
    • 1819 – Herman Melville, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (d. 1891)
    • 1831 – Antonio Cotogni, Italian opera singer and educator (d. 1918)
    • 1843 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War (d. 1926)
    • 1856 – George Coulthard, Australian footballer and cricketer (d. 1883)
    • 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French lawyer and politician, 13th President of France (d. 1937)
    • 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1884)
    • 1860 – Bazil Assan, Romanian engineer and explorer (d. 1918)
    • 1861 – Sammy Jones, Australian cricketer (d. 1951)
    • 1865 – Isobel Lilian Gloag, English painter (d. 1917)
    • 1871 – John Lester, American cricketer and soccer player (d. 1969)
    • 1877 – George Hackenschmidt, Estonian-English wrestler and strongman (d. 1968)
    • 1878 – Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, Greek physician and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1961)
    • 1881 – Otto Toeplitz, German mathematician and academic (d. 1940)
    • 1885 – George de Hevesy, Hungarian-German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
    • 1889 – Walter Gerlach, German physicist and academic (d. 1979)
    • 1891 – Karl Kobelt, Swiss lawyer and politician, 52nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1968)
    • 1893 – Alexander of Greece (d. 1920)
    • 1894 – Ottavio Bottecchia, Italian cyclist (d. 1927)
    • 1898 – Morris Stoloff, American composer and musical director (d. 1980)
    • 1899 – Raymond Mays, English race car driver and businessman (d. 1980)
    • 1900 – Otto Nothling, Australian cricketer and rugby player (d. 1965)
    • 1901 – Francisco Guilledo, Filipino boxer (d. 1925)
    • 1903 – Paul Horgan, American historian, author, and academic (d. 1995)
    • 1905 – Helen Sawyer Hogg, American-Canadian astronomer and academic (d. 1993)
    • 1907 – Eric Shipton, Sri Lankan-English mountaineer and explorer (d. 1977)
    • 1910 – James Henry Govier, English painter and illustrator (d. 1974)
    • 1910 – Walter Scharf, American pianist and composer (d. 2003)
    • 1910 – Gerda Taro, German war photographer (d. 1937)
    • 1911 – Jackie Ormes, American journalist and cartoonist (d. 1985)
    • 1912 – David Brand, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1979)
    • 1912 – Gego, German-Venezuelan sculptor and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1912 – Henry Jones, American actor (d. 1999)
    • 1914 – Jack Delano, American photographer and composer (d. 1997)
    • 1914 – Alan Moore, Australian painter and educator (d. 2015)
    • 1914 – J. Lee Thompson, English-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2002)
    • 1916 – Fiorenzo Angelini, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)
    • 1916 – Anne Hébert, Canadian author and poet (d. 2000)
    • 1918 – T. J. Jemison, American minister and activist (d. 2013)
    • 1919 – Stanley Middleton, English author (d. 2009)
    • 1920 – Raul Renter, Estonian economist and chess player (d. 1992)
    • 1921 – Jack Kramer, American tennis player, sailor, and sportscaster (d. 2009)
    • 1921 – Pat McDonald, Australian actress (d. 1990)
    • 1922 – Arthur Hill, Canadian-American actor (d. 2006)
    • 1923 – Val Bettin, American actor
    • 1924 – Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (d. 2015)
    • 1924 – Frank Havens, American canoeist (d. 2018)
    • 1924 – Marcia Mae Jones, American actress and singer (d. 2007)
    • 1924 – Frank Worrell, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1967)
    • 1925 – Ernst Jandl, Austrian poet and author (d. 2000)
    • 1926 – George Hauptfuhrer, American basketball player and lawyer (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Hannah Hauxwell, English TV personality (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – María Teresa López Boegeholz, Chilean oceanographer (d. 2006)
    • 1927 – Anthony G. Bosco, American bishop (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Jack Shea, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1929 – Hafizullah Amin, Afghan educator and politician, Afghan Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1979)
    • 1929 – Ann Calvello, American roller derby racer (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – Leila Abashidze, Georgian actress (d. 2018)
    • 1930 – Lionel Bart, English composer (d. 1999)
    • 1930 – Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher (d. 2002)
    • 1930 – Julie Bovasso, American actress and writer (d. 1991)
    • 1930 – Lawrence Eagleburger, American lieutenant and politician, 62nd United States Secretary of State (d. 2011)
    • 1930 – Károly Grósz, Hungarian politician, 51st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1996)
    • 1930 – Geoffrey Holder, Trinidadian-American actor, singer, dancer, and choreographer (d. 2014)
    • 1931 – Ramblin’ Jack Elliott, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1931 – Trevor Goddard, South African cricketer (d. 2016)
    • 1932 – Meir Kahane, American-Israeli rabbi and activist, founded the Jewish Defense League (d. 1990)
    • 1932 – Meena Kumari, Indian actress (d. 1972)
    • 1933 – Dom DeLuise, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 2009)
    • 1933 – Masaichi Kaneda, Japanese baseball player and manager (d. 2019)
    • 1933 – Teri Shields, American actress, producer, and agent (d. 2012)
    • 1933 – Dušan Třeštík, Czech historian and author (d. 2007)
    • 1934 – John Beck, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2000)
    • 1934 – Derek Birdsall, English graphic designer
    • 1935 – Geoff Pullar, English cricketer (d. 2014)
    • 1936 – W. D. Hamilton, Egyptian born British biologist, psychologist, and academic (d. 2000)
    • 1936 – Yves Saint Laurent, Algerian-French fashion designer, co-founded Yves Saint Laurent (d. 2008)
    • 1936 – Laurie Taylor, English sociologist, radio host, and academic
    • 1937 – Al D’Amato, American lawyer and politician
    • 1939 – Bob Frankford, English-Canadian physician and politician (d. 2015)
    • 1939 – Terry Kiser, American actor
    • 1939 – Stephen Sykes, English bishop and theologian (d. 2014)
    • 1939 – Robert James Waller, American author and photographer (d. 2017)
    • 1940 – Mervyn Kitchen, English cricketer and umpire
    • 1940 – Henry Silverman, American businessman, founded Cendant
    • 1940 – Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, Iranian writer and actor
    • 1941 – Ron Brown, American captain and politician, 30th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1996)
    • 1941 – Étienne Roda-Gil, French songwriter and screenwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1942 – Jerry Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1995)
    • 1942 – Giancarlo Giannini, Italian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1944 – Dmitry Nikolayevich Filippov, Russian banker and politician (d. 1998)
    • 1945 – Douglas Osheroff, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1946 – Boz Burrell, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and guitarist (d. 2006)
    • 1946 – Rick Coonce, American drummer (d. 2011)
    • 1946 – Richard O. Covey, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1946 – Fiona Stanley, Australian epidemiologist and academic
    • 1947 – Lorna Goodison, Jamaican poet and author
    • 1947 – Chantal Montellier, French comics creator and artist
    • 1948 – Avi Arad, Israeli-American screenwriter and producer, founded Marvel Studios
    • 1948 – Cliff Branch, American football player
    • 1948 – David Gemmell, English journalist and author (d. 2006)
    • 1949 – Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Kyrgyzstani politician, 2nd President of Kyrgyzstan
    • 1949 – Jim Carroll, American poet, author, and musician (d. 2009)
    • 1949 – Ray Nettles, American football player (d. 2009)
    • 1950 – Roy Williams, American basketball player and coach
    • 1951 – Tim Bachman, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1951 – Tommy Bolin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976)
    • 1951 – Pete Mackanin, American baseball player, coach, and manager
    • 1952 – Zoran Đinđić, Serbian philosopher and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 2003)
    • 1953 – Robert Cray, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1953 – Howard Kurtz, American journalist and author
    • 1954 – Trevor Berbick, Jamaican-Canadian boxer (d. 2006)
    • 1954 – James Gleick, American journalist and author
    • 1954 – Benno Möhlmann, German footballer and manager
    • 1957 – Taylor Negron, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1958 – Rob Buck, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2000)
    • 1958 – Michael Penn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1958 – Kiki Vandeweghe, American basketball player and coach
    • 1959 – Joe Elliott, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1960 – Chuck D, American rapper and songwriter
    • 1960 – Suzi Gardner, American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1962 – Jacob Matlala, South African boxer (d. 2013)
    • 1963 – Demián Bichir, Mexican-American actor and producer
    • 1963 – Coolio, American rapper, producer, and actor
    • 1963 – John Carroll Lynch, American actor
    • 1963 – Koichi Wakata, Japanese astronaut and engineer
    • 1963 – Dean Wareham, New Zealand singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1964 – Adam Duritz, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1964 – Fiona Hyslop, Scottish businesswoman and politician
    • 1964 – Augusta Read Thomas, American composer, conductor and educator
    • 1965 – Brandt Jobe, American golfer
    • 1965 – Sam Mendes, English director and producer
    • 1966 – James St. James, American club promoter and author
    • 1967 – Gregg Jefferies, American baseball player and coach
    • 1967 – José Padilha, Brazilian director, producer and screenwriter
    • 1968 – Stacey Augmon, American basketball player and coach
    • 1968 – Dan Donegan, American heavy metal guitarist and songwriter
    • 1968 – Shigetoshi Hasegawa, Japanese baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1969 – Andrei Borissov, Estonian footballer and manager
    • 1969 – Kevin Jarvis, American baseball player and scout
    • 1969 – Graham Thorpe, English cricketer and journalist
    • 1970 – Quentin Coryatt, American football player
    • 1970 – David James, English footballer and manager
    • 1970 – Eugenie van Leeuwen, Dutch cricketer
    • 1972 – Nicke Andersson, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1972 – Christer Basma, Norwegian footballer and coach
    • 1972 – Todd Bouman, American football player and coach
    • 1972 – Thomas Woods, American historian, economist, and academic
    • 1973 – Gregg Berhalter, American soccer player and coach
    • 1973 – Veerle Dejaeghere, Belgian runner
    • 1973 – Edurne Pasaban, Spanish mountaineer
    • 1974 – Cher Calvin, American journalist
    • 1974 – Marek Galiński, Polish cyclist (d. 2014)
    • 1974 – Tyron Henderson, South African cricketer
    • 1974 – Dennis Lawrence, Trinidadian footballer and coach
    • 1974 – Beckie Scott, Canadian skier
    • 1975 – Vhrsti, Czech author and illustrator
    • 1976 – Don Hertzfeldt, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor
    • 1976 – Søren Jochumsen, Danish footballer
    • 1976 – Nwankwo Kanu, Nigerian footballer
    • 1976 – David Nemirovsky, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1976 – Hasan Şaş, Turkish footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Cristian Stoica, Romanian-Italian rugby player
    • 1977 – Marc Denis, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
    • 1977 – Haspop, French-Moroccan dancer, choreographer, and actor
    • 1977 – Darnerien McCants, American-Canadian football player
    • 1977 – Damien Saez, French singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1977 – Yoshi Tatsu, Japanese wrestler and boxer
    • 1978 – Andy Blignaut, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1978 – Björn Ferry, Swedish biathlete
    • 1978 – Dhani Harrison, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1978 – Chris Iwelumo, Scottish footballer
    • 1978 – Edgerrin James, American football player
    • 1979 – Junior Agogo, Ghanaian footballer
    • 1979 – Nathan Fien, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1979 – Jason Momoa, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1980 – Mancini, Brazilian footballer
    • 1980 – Romain Barras, French decathlete
    • 1980 – Esteban Paredes, Chilean footballer
    • 1981 – Dean Cox, Australian footballer
    • 1981 – Pia Haraldsen, Norwegian journalist and author
    • 1981 – Christofer Heimeroth, German footballer
    • 1981 – Stephen Hunt, Irish footballer
    • 1981 – Jamie Jones-Buchanan, English rugby player
    • 1982 – Basem Fathi, Jordanian footballer
    • 1982 – Montserrat Lombard, English actress, director, and screenwriter
    • 1983 – Bobby Carpenter, American football player
    • 1983 – Craig Clarke, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1983 – Julien Faubert, French footballer
    • 1983 – David Gervasi, Swiss decathlete
    • 1984 – Steve Feak, American game designer
    • 1984 – Francesco Gavazzi, Italian cyclist
    • 1984 – Brandon Kintzler, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Bastian Schweinsteiger, German footballer
    • 1985 – Stuart Holden, Scottish-American soccer player
    • 1985 – Adam Jones, American baseball player
    • 1985 – Cole Kimball, American baseball player
    • 1985 – Tendai Mtawarira, South African rugby player
    • 1985 – Kris Stadsgaard, Danish footballer
    • 1985 – Dušan Švento, Slovak footballer
    • 1986 – Damien Allen, English footballer
    • 1986 – Anton Strålman, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Andrew Taylor, English footballer
    • 1986 – Elena Vesnina, Russian tennis player
    • 1986 – Mike Wallace, American football player
    • 1987 – Iago Aspas, Spanish footballer
    • 1987 – Karen Carney, English women’s football winger
    • 1987 – Sébastien Pocognoli, Belgian footballer
    • 1987 – Lee Wallace, Scottish footballer
    • 1988 – Mustafa Abdellaoue, Norwegian footballer
    • 1988 – Patryk Małecki, Polish footballer
    • 1988 – Bodene Thompson, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1989 – Madison Bumgarner, American baseball player
    • 1989 – Tiffany Hwang, Korean American singer, songwriter, and actress
    • 1990 – Aledmys Díaz, Cuban baseball player
    • 1990 – Jean Hugues Gregoire, Mauritian swimmer
    • 1990 – Elton Jantjies, South African rugby player
    • 1991 – Piotr Malarczyk, Polish footballer
    • 1991 – Marco Puntoriere, Italian footballer
    • 1992 – Austin Rivers, American basketball player
    • 1992 – Mrunal Thakur, Indian actress
    • 1993 – Álex Abrines, Spanish basketball player
    • 1993 – Leon Thomas III, American actor and singer
    • 1994 – Sergeal Petersen, South African rugby player
    • 1994 – Ayaka Wada, Japanese singer
    • 1996 – Katie Boulter, English tennis player
    • 2001 – Park Si-eun, South Korean actress

    Deaths on August 1

    • 30 BC – Mark Antony, Roman general and politician (b. 83 BC)
    • 371 – Eusebius of Vercelli, Italian bishop and saint (b. 283)
    • 527 – Justin I, Byzantine emperor (b. 450)
    • 873 – Thachulf, duke of Thuringia
    • 946 – Ali ibn Isa al-Jarrah, Abbasid vizier (b. 859)
    • 946 – Lady Xu Xinyue, Chinese queen (b. 902)
    • 953 – Yingtian, Chinese Khitan empress (b. 879)
    • 984 – Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester
    • 1098 – Adhemar of Le Puy, French papal legate
    • 1137 – Louis VI, king of France (b. 1081)
    • 1146 – Vsevolod II of Kiev, Russian prince
    • 1227 – Shimazu Tadahisa, Japanese warlord (b. 1179)
    • 1252 – Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, Italian archbishop and explorer (b. 1180)
    • 1299 – Conrad de Lichtenberg, Bishop of Strasbourg (b. 1240)
    • 1402 – Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1341)
    • 1457 – Lorenzo Valla, Italian author and educator (b. 1406)
    • 1464 – Cosimo de’ Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1386)
    • 1494 – Giovanni Santi, artist and father of Raphael (b. c. 1435)
    • 1541 – Simon Grynaeus, German theologian and scholar (b. 1493)
    • 1543 – Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1488)
    • 1546 – Peter Faber, French Jesuit theologian (b. 1506)
    • 1557 – Olaus Magnus, Swedish archbishop, historian, and cartographer (b. 1490)
    • 1580 – Albrecht Giese, Polish-German politician and diplomat (b. 1524)
    • 1589 – Jacques Clément, French assassin of Henry III of France (b. 1567)
    • 1603 – Matthew Browne, English politician (b. 1563)
    • 1714 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1665)
    • 1787 – Alphonsus Maria de’ Liguori, Italian bishop and saint (b. 1696)
    • 1795 – Clas Bjerkander, Swedish meteorologist, botanist, and entomologist (b. 1735)
    • 1796 – Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet, English colonel and politician (b. 1720)
    • 1798 – François-Paul Brueys d’Aigalliers, French admiral (b. 1753)
    • 1807 – John Boorman, English cricketer (b. c. 1754)
    • 1807 – John Walker, English actor, philologist, and lexicographer (b. 1732)
    • 1808 – Lady Diana Beauclerk, English painter and illustrator (b. 1734)
    • 1812 – Yakov Kulnev, Russian general (b. 1763)
    • 1851 – William Joseph Behr, German publicist and academic (b. 1775)
    • 1863 – Jind Kaur Majarani (Regent) of the Sikh Empire (b. 1817)
    • 1866 – John Ross, American tribal chief (b. 1790)
    • 1869 – Peter Julian Eymard, French Priest and Founder Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament (b. 1811)
    • 1869 – Richard Dry, Australian politician, 7th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1815)
    • 1903 – Calamity Jane, American frontierswoman and scout (b. 1853)
    • 1911 – Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter and illustrator (b. 1852)
    • 1911 – Samuel Arza Davenport, American lawyer and politician (b. 1843)
    • 1918 – John Riley Banister, American cowboy and police officer (b. 1854)
    • 1920 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian lawyer and journalist (b. 1856)
    • 1921 – T.J. Ryan, Australian politician, 19th Premier of Queensland (b. 1876)
    • 1922 – Donát Bánki, Hungarian engineer (b. 1856)
    • 1929 – Syd Gregory, Australian cricketer (b. 1870)
    • 1938 – Edmund C. Tarbell, American painter and academic (b. 1862)
    • 1943 – Lydia Litvyak, Russian lieutenant and pilot (b. 1921)
    • 1944 – Manuel L. Quezon, Filipino soldier, lawyer, and politician, 2nd President of the Philippines (b. 1878)
    • 1959 – Jean Behra, French race car driver (b. 1921)
    • 1963 – Theodore Roethke, American poet (b. 1908)
    • 1966 – Charles Whitman, American murderer (b. 1941)
    • 1967 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian-German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1900)
    • 1970 – Frances Farmer, American actress (b. 1913)
    • 1970 – Doris Fleeson, American journalist (b. 1901)
    • 1970 – Otto Heinrich Warburg, German physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1883)
    • 1973 – Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer and educator (b. 1882)
    • 1973 – Walter Ulbricht, German soldier and politician (b. 1893)
    • 1974 – Ildebrando Antoniutti, Italian cardinal (b. 1898)
    • 1977 – Francis Gary Powers, American captain and pilot (b. 1929)
    • 1980 – Patrick Depailler, French race car driver (b. 1944)
    • 1980 – Strother Martin, American actor (b. 1919)
    • 1981 – Paddy Chayefsky, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
    • 1982 – T. Thirunavukarasu, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1933)
    • 1989 – John Ogdon, English pianist and composer (b. 1937)
    • 1990 – Norbert Elias, German-Dutch sociologist, author, and academic (b. 1897)
    • 1996 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
    • 1996 – Lucille Teasdale-Corti, Canadian physician and surgeon (b. 1929)
    • 1998 – Eva Bartok, Hungarian-British actress (b. 1927)
    • 2001 – Korey Stringer, American football player (b. 1974)
    • 2003 – Guy Thys, Belgian footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1922)
    • 2003 – Marie Trintignant, French actress and screenwriter (b. 1962)
    • 2004 – Philip Abelson, American physicist and author (b. 1913)
    • 2005 – Al Aronowitz, American journalist (b. 1928)
    • 2005 – Wim Boost, Dutch cartoonist and educator (b. 1918)
    • 2005 – Constant Nieuwenhuys, Dutch painter and sculptor (b. 1920)
    • 2005 – Fahd of Saudi Arabia (b. 1923)
    • 2006 – Bob Thaves, American illustrator (b. 1924)
    • 2006 – Iris Marion Young, American political scientist and activist (b. 1949)
    • 2007 – Tommy Makem, Irish singer-songwriter and banjo player (b. 1932)
    • 2008 – Gertan Klauber, Czech-English actor (b. 1932)
    • 2008 – Harkishan Singh Surjeet, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1916)
    • 2009 – Corazon Aquino, Filipino politician, 11th President of the Philippines (b. 1933)
    • 2010 – Lolita Lebrón, Puerto Rican-American activist (b. 1919)
    • 2010 – Eric Tindill, New Zealand rugby player and cricketer (b. 1910)
    • 2012 – Aldo Maldera, Italian footballer and agent (b. 1953)
    • 2012 – Douglas Townsend, American composer and musicologist (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Barry Trapnell, English cricketer and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – John Amis, English journalist and critic (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Gail Kobe, American actress and producer (b. 1932)
    • 2013 – Babe Martin, American baseball player (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Toby Saks, American cellist and educator (b. 1942)
    • 2013 – Wilford White, American football player (b. 1928)
    • 2014 – Valyantsin Byalkevich, Belarusian footballer and manager (b. 1973)
    • 2014 – Jan Roar Leikvoll, Norwegian author (b. 1974)
    • 2014 – Charles T. Payne, American soldier (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Mike Smith, English radio and television host (b. 1955)
    • 2015 – Stephan Beckenbauer, German footballer and manager (b. 1968)
    • 2015 – Cilla Black, English singer and actress (b. 1943)
    • 2015 – Bernard d’Espagnat, French physicist, philosopher, and author (b. 1921)
    • 2015 – Bob Frankford, English-Canadian physician and politician (b. 1939)
    • 2015 – Hong Yuanshuo, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1948)
    • 2016 – Queen Anne of Romania (b. 1923)

    Holidays and observances on August 1

    • Armed Forces Day (Lebanon)
    • Armed Forces Day (China) or Anniversary of the Founding of the People’s Liberation Army (People’s Republic of China)
    • Azerbaijani Language and Alphabet Day (Azerbaijan)
    • Celebration of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 which ended the slavery in the British Empire, generally celebrated as a part of Carnival, as the Caribbean Carnival takes place at this time (British West Indies):
      • Earliest day on which Caribana celebration can fall, celebrated on the first Weekend of August. (Toronto)
      • Earliest day on which Emancipation Day can fall, celebrated on the first Monday of August. (Anguilla, the Bahamas, British Virgin Islands)
      • Emancipation Day (Barbados, Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Abgar V of Edessa (Syrian Church)
      • Alphonsus Maria de’ Liguori
      • Æthelwold of Winchester
      • Bernard Võ Văn Duệ (one of Vietnamese Martyrs)
      • Blessed Gerhard Hirschfelder
      • Eusebius of Vercelli
      • Exuperius of Bayeux
      • Felix of Girona
      • Peter Apostle in Chains
      • Procession of the Cross and the beginning of Dormition Fast (Eastern Orthodoxy)
      • The Holy Maccabees
      • August 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which August Bank Holiday (Ireland) can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of August.
    • Earliest day on which Civic Holiday can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of August. (Canada)
    • Earliest day on which Commerce Day, or Frídagur verslunarmanna, can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of August. (Iceland)
    • Earliest day on which Constitution Day (Cook Islands) can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of August.
    • Earliest day on which Farmers’ Day can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of August. (Zambia)
    • Earliest day on which International Beer Day can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Friday of August.
    • Earliest day on which Friendship Day can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Sunday of August. (United States)
    • Earliest day on which Kadooment Day can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of August (Barbados)
    • Earliest day on which Labor Day (Samoa) can fall, while August 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Monday of August (Samoa)
    • Minden Day (United Kingdom)
    • National Day, celebrates the independence of Benin from France in 1960.
    • National Day, commemorates Switzerland becoming a single unit in 1291.
    • Official Birthday and Coronation Day of the King of Tonga (Tonga)
    • Parents’ Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
    • Statehood Day (Colorado)
    • Swiss National Day (Switzerland)
    • The beginning of autumn observances in the Northern hemisphere and spring observances in the Southern hemisphere (Neopagan Wheel of the Year):
      • Lughnasadh in the Northern hemisphere, Imbolc in the Southern hemisphere; traditionally begins on the eve of August 1. (Gaels, Ireland, Scotland, Neopagans)
      • Lammas (England, Scotland, Neopagans)
      • Pachamama Raymi (Quechuan in Ecuador and Peru)
    • The first day of Carnaval del Pueblo (Burgess Park, London, England)
    • Victory Day (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam)
    • World Scout Scarf Day
    • Yorkshire Day (Yorkshire, England)

  • July 29 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple.
    • 238 – The Praetorian Guard storm the palace and capture Pupienus and Balbinus. They are dragged through the streets of Rome and executed. On the same day, Gordian III, age 13, is proclaimed emperor.
    • 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12.
    • 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo of Tripoli sack Thessaloniki, the Byzantine Empire’s second-largest city, after a short siege, and plunder it for a week.
    • 923 – Battle of Firenzuola: Lombard forces under King Rudolph II and Adalbert I, margrave of Ivrea, defeat the dethroned Emperor Berengar I of Italy at Firenzuola (Tuscany).
    • 1014 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat on the Bulgarian army, and his subsequent treatment of 15,000 prisoners reportedly causes Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria to die of a heart attack less than three months later, on October 6.
    • 1018 – Count Dirk III defeats an army sent by Emperor Henry II in the Battle of Vlaardingen.
    • 1030 – Ladejarl-Fairhair succession wars: Battle of Stiklestad: King Olaf II fights and dies trying to regain his Norwegian throne from the Danes.
    • 1148 – The Siege of Damascus ends in a decisive crusader defeat and leads to the disintegration of the Second Crusade.
    • 1565 – The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland.
    • 1567 – James VI is crowned King of Scotland at Stirling.
    • 1588 – Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines: English naval forces under the command of Lord Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake defeat the Spanish Armada off the coast of Gravelines, France.
    • 1693 – War of the Grand Alliance: Battle of Landen: France wins a Pyrrhic victory over Allied forces in the Netherlands.
    • 1775 – Founding of the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Corps: General George Washington appoints William Tudor as Judge Advocate of the Continental Army.
    • 1818 – French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning “Memoir on the Diffraction of Light”, precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
    • 1836 – Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France.
    • 1848 – Irish Potato Famine: Tipperary Revolt: In County Tipperary, Ireland, then in the United Kingdom, an unsuccessful nationalist revolt against British rule is put down by police.
    • 1851 – Annibale de Gasparis discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia.
    • 1858 – United States and Japan sign the Harris Treaty.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C.
    • 1871 – The Connecticut Valley Railroad opens between Old Saybrook, Connecticut and Hartford, Connecticut in the United States.
    • 1899 – The First Hague Convention is signed.
    • 1900 – In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by the anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
    • 1907 – Sir Robert Baden-Powell sets up the Brownsea Island Scout camp in Poole Harbour on the south coast of England. The camp runs from August 1 to August 9, 1907, and is regarded as the foundation of the Scouting movement.
    • 1914 – The Cape Cod Canal opened.
    • 1920 – Construction of the Link River Dam begins as part of the Klamath Reclamation Project.
    • 1921 – Adolf Hitler becomes leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.
    • 1932 – Great Depression: In Washington, D.C., troops disperse the last of the “Bonus Army” of World War I veterans.
    • 1937 – Tōngzhōu Incident: In Tōngzhōu, China, the East Hopei Army attacks Japanese troops and civilians.
    • 1945 – The BBC Light Programme radio station is launched for mainstream light entertainment and music.
    • 1948 – Olympic Games: The Games of the XIV Olympiad: After a hiatus of 12 years caused by World War II, the first Summer Olympics to be held since the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, open in London.
    • 1950 – Korean War: After four days, the No Gun Ri Massacre ends when the US Army 7th Cavalry Regiment is withdrawn.
    • 1957 – The International Atomic Energy Agency is established.
    • 1958 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs into law the National Aeronautics and Space Act, which creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
    • 1959 – First United States Congress elections in Hawaii as a state of the Union.
    • 1965 – Vietnam War: The first 4,000 101st Airborne Division paratroopers arrive in Vietnam, landing at Cam Ranh Bay.
    • 1967 – Vietnam War: Off the coast of North Vietnam the USS Forrestal catches on fire in the worst U.S. naval disaster since World War II, killing 134.
    • 1967 – During the fourth day of celebrating its 400th anniversary, the city of Caracas, Venezuela is shaken by an earthquake, leaving approximately 500 dead.
    • 1973 – Greeks vote to abolish the monarchy, beginning the first period of the Metapolitefsi.
    • 1973 – During the Dutch Grand Prix driver Roger Williamson was killed in the race, after a suspected tire failure caused the car to pitch into the barriers at high speed.
    • 1976 – In New York City, David Berkowitz (a.k.a. the “Son of Sam”) kills one person and seriously wounds another in the first of a series of attacks.
    • 1980 – Iran adopts a new “holy” flag after the Islamic Revolution.
    • 1981 – A worldwide television audience of over 700 million people watch the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer at St Paul’s Cathedral in London.
    • 1981 – After impeachment on June 21, Abolhassan Banisadr flees with Massoud Rajavi to Paris, in an Iranian Air Force Boeing 707, piloted by Colonel Behzad Moezzi, to form the National Council of Resistance of Iran.
    • 1987 – British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and President of France François Mitterrand sign the agreement to build a tunnel under the English Channel (Eurotunnel).
    • 1987 – Prime Minister of India Rajiv Gandhi and President of Sri Lanka J. R. Jayewardene sign the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord on ethnic issues.
    • 1993 – The Supreme Court of Israel acquits alleged Nazi death camp guard John Demjanjuk of all charges and he is set free.
    • 1996 – The child protection portion of the Communications Decency Act is struck down by a U.S. federal court as too broad.
    • 2005 – Astronomers announce their discovery of the dwarf planet Eris.
    • 2010 – An overloaded passenger ferry capsizes on the Kasai River in Bandundu Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, resulting in at least 80 deaths.
    • 2013 – Two passenger trains collide in the Swiss municipality of Granges-près-Marnand near Lausanne injuring 25 people.
    • 2019 – Prison riot between rival gangs broke out in Brazil, at least 57 people have been killed.

    Births on July 29 

    • 869 – Muhammad al-Mahdi, Iraqi 12th Imam (d. 941)
    • 996 – Fujiwara no Norimichi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1075)
    • 1166 – Henry II, French nobleman and king of Jerusalem (d. 1197)
    • 1356 – Martin the Elder, king of Aragon, Valencia and Majorca (d. 1410)
    • 1537 – Pedro Téllez-Girón, Spanish nobleman (d. 1590)
    • 1573 – Philip II, duke of Pomerania-Stettin (d. 1618)
    • 1580 – Francesco Mochi, Italian sculptor (d. 1654)
    • 1605 – Simon Dach, German poet and hymn-writer (d. 1659)
    • 1646 – Johann Theile, German organist and composer (d. 1724)
    • 1744 – Giulio Maria della Somaglia, Italian cardinal (d. 1830)
    • 1763 – Philip Charles Durham, Scottish admiral and politician (d. 1845)
    • 1797 – Daniel Drew, American businessman and financier (d. 1879)
    • 1801 – George Bradshaw, English cartographer and publisher (d. 1853)
    • 1805 – Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian and philosopher (d. 1859)
    • 1806 – Horace Abbott, American businessman and banker (d. 1887)
    • 1817 – Ivan Aivazovsky, Armenian-Russian painter and illustrator (d. 1900)
    • 1817 – Martin Körber, Baltic German pastor, composer, and conductor (d. 1893)
    • 1841 – Gerhard Armauer Hansen, Norwegian physician (d. 1912)
    • 1843 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist and academic (d. 1901)
    • 1846 – Sophie Menter, German pianist and composer (d. 1918)
    • 1846 – Isabel, Brazilian princess (d. 1921)
    • 1849 – Max Nordau, Hungarian physician, author, and critic, co-founded the World Zionist Organization (d. 1923)
    • 1860 – Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, English politician, 8th Governor of Queensland (d. 1940)
    • 1867 – Berthold Oppenheim, Moravian rabbi (d. 1942)
    • 1869 – Booth Tarkington, American novelist and dramatist (d. 1946)
    • 1871 – Jakob Mändmets, Estonian writer and journalist (d. 1930)
    • 1872 – Eric Alfred Knudsen, American author, lawyer, and politician (d. 1957)
    • 1874 – J. S. Woodsworth, Canadian minister and politician (d. 1942)
    • 1876 – Maria Ouspenskaya, Russian-American actress and acting teacher (d. 1949)
    • 1878 – Don Marquis, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1937)
    • 1883 – Porfirio Barba-Jacob, Colombian poet and author (d. 1942)
    • 1883 – Benito Mussolini, Italian fascist revolutionary and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1945)
    • 1884 – Ralph Austin Bard, American financier and politician, 2nd Under Secretary of the Navy (d. 1975)
    • 1885 – Theda Bara, American actress (d. 1955)
    • 1887 – Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-American pianist and composer (d. 1951)
    • 1888 – Vladimir K. Zworykin, Russian-American engineer, invented the Iconoscope (d. 1982)
    • 1891 – Bernhard Zondek, German-Israeli gynecologist and academic (d. 1966)
    • 1892 – William Powell, American actor and singer (d. 1984)
    • 1896 – Maria L. de Hernández, Mexican-American rights activist (d. 1986)
    • 1897 – Neil Ritchie, Guyanese-English general (d. 1983)
    • 1898 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1988)
    • 1899 – Walter Beall, American baseball player (d. 1959)
    • 1900 – Mary V. Austin, Australian community worker and political activist (d. 1986)
    • 1900 – Eyvind Johnson, Swedish novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1976)
    • 1900 – Teresa Noce, Italian labor leader, activist, and journalist (d. 1980)
    • 1900 – Don Redman, American composer, and bandleader (d. 1964)
    • 1904 – Mahasi Sayadaw, Burmese monk and philosopher (d. 1982)
    • 1904 – J. R. D. Tata, French-Indian pilot and businessman, founded Tata Motors and Tata Global Beverages (d. 1993)
    • 1905 – Clara Bow, American actress (d. 1965)
    • 1905 – Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish economist and diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the United Nations, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1961)
    • 1905 – Stanley Kunitz, American poet and translator (d. 2006)
    • 1906 – Thelma Todd, American actress and singer (d. 1935)
    • 1907 – Melvin Belli, American lawyer (d. 1996)
    • 1909 – Samm Sinclair Baker, American author (d. 1997)
    • 1909 – Chester Himes, American-Spanish author (d. 1984)
    • 1910 – Gale Page, American actress (d. 1983)
    • 1911 – Foster Furcolo, American lawyer and politician, 60th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1995)
    • 1911 – Archbishop Iakovos of America (d. 2005)
    • 1913 – Erich Priebke, German war criminal, leader of the 1944 Ardeatine massacre (d. 2013)
    • 1914 – Irwin Corey, American actor and activist (d. 2017)
    • 1915 – Bruce R. McConkie, American colonel and religious leader (d. 1985)
    • 1915 – Francis W. Sargent, American soldier and politician, 64th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1998)
    • 1916 – Budd Boetticher, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2001)
    • 1916 – Charlie Christian, American guitarist (d. 1942)
    • 1916 – Rupert Hamer, Australian politician, 39th Premier of Victoria (d. 2004)
    • 1917 – Rochus Misch, German SS officer (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Don Ingalls, American writer and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1918 – Edwin O’Connor, American journalist and author (d. 1968)
    • 1918 – Mary Lee Settle, American novelist, essayist, and memoirist (d. 2005)
    • 1920 – Neville Jeffress, Australian businessman (d. 2007)
    • 1921 – Richard Egan, American actor (d. 1987)
    • 1921 – Chris Marker, French photographer and journalist (d. 2012)
    • 1923 – George Burditt, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1923 – Edgar Cortright, American scientist and engineer (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – Jim Marshall, English businessman, founded Marshall Amplification (d. 2012)
    • 1923 – Gordon Mitchell, American bodybuilder and actor (d. 2003)
    • 1924 – Lloyd Bochner, Canadian-American actor (d. 2005)
    • 1924 – Robert Horton, American actor (d. 2016)
    • 1925 – Harold W. Kuhn, American mathematician and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1925 – Ted Lindsay, Canadian ice hockey player, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2019)
    • 1925 – Mikis Theodorakis, Greek composer
    • 1926 – Robert Kilpatrick, Baron Kilpatrick of Kincraig, Scottish physician, academic, and politician (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Harry Mulisch, Dutch author, poet, and playwright (d. 2010)
    • 1930 – Paul Taylor, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2018)
    • 1931 – Kjell Karlsen, Norwegian pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2020)
    • 1932 – Leslie Fielding, English diplomat
    • 1932 – Nancy Kassebaum, American businesswoman and politician
    • 1933 – Lou Albano, Italian-American wrestler, manager, and actor (d. 2009)
    • 1933 – Colin Davis, English race car driver (d. 2012)
    • 1933 – Robert Fuller, American actor and rancher
    • 1933 – Randy Sparks, American folk singer-songwriter and musician (The New Christy Minstrels)
    • 1935 – Peter Schreier, German tenor and conductor (d. 2019)
    • 1936 – Elizabeth Dole, American lawyer and politician, 20th United States Secretary of Labor
    • 1937 – Daniel McFadden, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate
    • 1938 – Peter Jennings, Canadian-American journalist and author (d. 2005)
    • 1938 – Jean Rochon, Canadian physician and politician
    • 1940 – Betty Harris, American chemist
    • 1940 – Winnie Monsod, Filipina economist and political commentator
    • 1941 – Jennifer Dunn, American engineer and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1941 – Goenawan Mohamad, Indonesian poet and playwright
    • 1941 – David Warner, English actor
    • 1942 – Doug Ashdown, Australian singer-songwriter
    • 1943 – David Taylor, English snooker player and sportscaster
    • 1944 – Jim Bridwell, American rock climber and mountaineer
    • 1945 – Sharon Creech, American author and educator
    • 1945 – Mircea Lucescu, Romanian footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1946 – Ximena Armas, Chilean painter
    • 1946 – Stig Blomqvist, Swedish race car driver
    • 1946 – Neal Doughty, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer
    • 1946 – Alessandro Gogna, Italian mountaineer and adventurer
    • 1946 – Diane Keen, English actress
    • 1946 – Aleksei Tammiste, Estonian basketball player
    • 1947 – Dick Harmon, American golfer and coach (d. 2006)
    • 1948 – John Clarke, New Zealand-Australian comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2017)
    • 1949 – Leslie Easterbrook, American actress
    • 1949 – Jamil Mahuad, Ecuadorian lawyer and politician, 51st President of Ecuador
    • 1950 – Jenny Holzer, American painter, author, and dancer
    • 1951 – Susan Blackmore, English psychologist and theorist
    • 1951 – Dan Driessen, American baseball player and coach
    • 1951 – Dean Pitchford, American actor, director, screenwriter, and composer
    • 1952 – Norman Blackwell, Baron Blackwell, English businessman and politician
    • 1952 – Joe Johnson, English snooker player and sportscaster
    • 1952 – Marie Panayotopoulos-Cassiotou, Greek politician
    • 1953 – Ken Burns, American director and producer
    • 1953 – Geddy Lee, Canadian musician
    • 1953 – Frank McGuinness, Irish poet and playwright
    • 1953 – Tim Gunn, American television host and actor
    • 1954 – Patti Scialfa, American musician
    • 1955 – Jean-Hugues Anglade, French actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1955 – Dave Stevens, American illustrator (d. 2008)
    • 1955 – Stephen Timms, English politician, Minister of State for Competitiveness
    • 1956 – Teddy Atlas, American boxer, trainer, and sportscaster
    • 1956 – Ronnie Musgrove, American lawyer and politician, 62nd Governor of Mississippi
    • 1956 – Faustino Rupérez, Spanish cyclist
    • 1957 – Liam Davison, Australian author and educator (d. 2014)
    • 1957 – Viktor Gavrikov, Lithuanian-Swiss chess player (d. 2016)
    • 1957 – Nellie Kim, Russian gymnast and coach
    • 1958 – Gail Dines, English-American author, activist, and academic
    • 1958 – Simon Nye, English screenwriter and producer
    • 1958 – Cynthia Rowley, American fashion designer
    • 1959 – Sanjay Dutt, Indian actor, singer, and producer
    • 1959 – Ruud Janssen, Dutch blogger and illustrator
    • 1959 – Dave LaPoint, American baseball player and manager
    • 1959 – John Sykes, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1960 – Didier Van Cauwelaert, French author
    • 1962 – Carl Cox, English DJ and producer
    • 1962 – Frank Neubarth, German footballer and manager
    • 1962 – Scott Steiner, American wrestler
    • 1962 – Vincent Rousseau, Belgian runner
    • 1963 – Hans-Holger Albrecht, Belgian-German businessman
    • 1963 – Jim Beglin, Irish footballer and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Julie Elliott, English politician
    • 1963 – Azeem Hafeez, Pakistani cricketer
    • 1963 – Alexandra Paul, American actress and producer
    • 1963 – Graham Poll, English footballer, referee, and journalist
    • 1964 – Jaanus Veensalu, Estonian footballer
    • 1965 – Luis Alicea, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
    • 1965 – Dean Haglund, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Adam Holloway, English captain and politician
    • 1965 – Stan Koziol, American soccer player (d. 2014)
    • 1965 – Chang-Rae Lee, South Korean-American author and academic
    • 1965 – Xavier Waterkeyn, Australian author
    • 1965 – Woody Weatherman, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1966 – Sally Gunnell, English hurdler and sportscaster
    • 1966 – Stuart Lampitt, English cricketer
    • 1966 – Martina McBride, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1968 – Gideon Henderson, English geologist and academic
    • 1968 – Paavo Lötjönen, Finnish cellist and educator
    • 1970 – Adele Griffin, American author
    • 1970 – Andi Peters, English journalist, actor, and producer
    • 1970 – John Rennie, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1971 – Andrea Philipp, German sprinter
    • 1972 – Wil Wheaton, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1973 – Stephen Dorff, American actor and producer
    • 1973 – Denis Urubko, Kazakh mountaineer
    • 1975 – Yoshihiro Akiyama, Japanese mixed martial artist
    • 1975 – Lanka de Silva, Sri Lankan cricketer
    • 1975 – Corrado Grabbi, Italian footballer
    • 1975 – Jaanus Sirel, Estonian footballer
    • 1978 – Mike Adams, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Marina Lazarovska, Macedonian tennis player
    • 1979 – Karim Essediri, Tunisian footballer
    • 1979 – Ronald Murray, American basketball player
    • 1979 – Juris Umbraško, Latvian basketball player
    • 1980 – Ryan Braun, Canadian-American baseball player
    • 1980 – Fernando González, Chilean tennis player
    • 1980 – Ben Koller, American drummer
    • 1980 – John Morris, Australian rugby league player
    • 1981 – Fernando Alonso, Spanish race car driver
    • 1981 – Andrés Madrid, Argentinian footballer
    • 1981 – Troy Perkins, American soccer player
    • 1982 – Janez Aljančič, Slovenian footballer
    • 1982 – Jônatas Domingos, Brazilian footballer
    • 1982 – Allison Mack, American actress and criminal
    • 1983 – Jason Belmonte, Australian bowler
    • 1983 – Inés Gómez Mont, Mexican journalist and actress
    • 1983 – Alexei Kaigorodov, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1983 – Jerious Norwood, American football player
    • 1983 – Elise Testone, American singer-songwriter
    • 1984 – Oh Beom-seok, South Korean footballer
    • 1984 – Chad Billingsley, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Wilson Palacios, Honduran footballer
    • 1985 – Besart Berisha, Albanian footballer
    • 1985 – Okinoumi Ayumi, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1985 – Simon Santoso, Indonesian badminton player
    • 1988 – Tarjei Bø, Norwegian biathlete
    • 1989 – Grit Šadeiko, Estonian heptathlete
    • 1991 – Dale Copley, Australian rugby league player
    • 1991 – Irakli Logua, Russian footballer
    • 1992 – Karen Torrez, Bolivian swimmer
    • 1993 – Nicole Melichar, American tennis player
    • 1994 – Liam O’Brien, Canadian ice hockey player

    Deaths on July 29

    • 238 – Balbinus, Roman emperor (b. 165)
    • 238 – Pupienus, Roman emperor (b. 178)
    • 451 – Tuoba Huang, prince of Northern Wei (b. 428)
    • 796 – Offa of Mercia (b. 730)
    • 846 – Li Shen, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
    • 1030 – Olaf II of Norway (b. 995)
    • 1095 – Ladislaus I of Hungary (b. 1040)
    • 1099 – Pope Urban II (b. 1042)
    • 1108 – Philip I of France (b. 1052)
    • 1236 – Ingeborg of Denmark, Queen of France (b. 1175)
    • 1326 – Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (b. 1259)
    • 1504 – Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby (b. 1435)
    • 1507 – Martin Behaim, German-Bohemian geographer and astronomer (b. 1459)
    • 1573 – John Caius, English physician and academic (b. 1510)
    • 1612 – Jacques Bongars, French scholar and diplomat (b. 1554)
    • 1644 – Pope Urban VIII (b. 1568)
    • 1752 – Peter Warren, Irish admiral and politician (b. 1703)
    • 1781 – Johann Kies, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1713)
    • 1792 – René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, French lawyer and politician, Chancellor of France (b. 1714)
    • 1813 – Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (b. 1771)
    • 1833 – William Wilberforce, English philanthropist and politician (b. 1759)
    • 1839 – Gaspard de Prony, French mathematician and engineer (b. 1755)
    • 1844 – Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1791)
    • 1856 – Robert Schumann, German composer and critic (b. 1810)
    • 1857 – Thomas Dick, Scottish minister, astronomer, and author (b. 1774)
    • 1887 – Agostino Depretis, Italian politician, 9th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1813)
    • 1890 – Vincent van Gogh, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1853)
    • 1895 – Floriano Peixoto, Brazilian general and politician, 2nd President of Brazil (b. 1839)
    • 1900 – Umberto I of Italy (b. 1844)
    • 1908 – Marie Adam-Doerrer (b. 1838)
    • 1913 – Tobias Asser, Dutch lawyer and jurist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1838)
    • 1918 – Ernest William Christmas, Australian-American painter (b. 1863)
    • 1924 – Sotirios Krokidas, Greek educator and politician, 110th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1852)
    • 1934 – Didier Pitre, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1883)
    • 1938 – Nikolai Krylenko, Russian lawyer, jurist, and politician, Prosecutor General of the Russian SFSR (b. 1885)
    • 1950 – Joe Fry, English race car driver (b. 1915)
    • 1951 – Ali Sami Yen, Turkish footballer and manager, founded Galatasaray S.K. (b. 1886)
    • 1954 – Coen de Koning, Dutch speed skater (b. 1879)
    • 1960 – Hasan Saka, Turkish politician, 7th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1885)
    • 1962 – Ronald Fisher, English biologist and statistician (b. 1890)
    • 1962 – Leonardo De Lorenzo, Italian-American flute player and educator (b. 1875)
    • 1964 – Vean Gregg, American baseball player (b. 1885)
    • 1966 – Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, Nigerian general and politician, 2nd Head of State of Nigeria (b. 1924)
    • 1966 – Adekunle Fajuyi, Nigerian colonel (b. 1926)
    • 1970 – John Barbirolli, English cellist and conductor (b. 1899)
    • 1973 – Norm Smith, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1915)
    • 1973 – Roger Williamson, English race car driver (b. 1948)
    • 1974 – Cass Elliot, American singer (b. 1941)
    • 1974 – Erich Kästner, German author and poet (b. 1899)
    • 1976 – Mickey Cohen, American gangster (b. 1913)
    • 1978 – Andrzej Bogucki, Polish actor, operetta singer, and songwriter (b. 1904)
    • 1979 – Herbert Marcuse, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1898)
    • 1979 – Bill Todman, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1916)
    • 1981 – Robert Moses, American urban planner, designed the Northern State Parkway and Southern State Parkway (b. 1888)
    • 1982 – Harold Sakata, American wrestler and actor (b. 1920)
    • 1982 – Vladimir K. Zworykin, Russian-American engineer, invented the Iconoscope (b. 1889)
    • 1983 – Luis Buñuel, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1900)
    • 1983 – Raymond Massey, Canadian-American actor and screenwriter (b. 1896)
    • 1983 – David Niven, English military officer and actor (b. 1910)
    • 1984 – Fred Waring, American television host and bandleader (b. 1900)
    • 1987 – Bibhutibhushan Mukhopadhyay, Indian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1894)
    • 1990 – Bruno Kreisky, Austrian academic and politician, 22nd Chancellor of Austria (b. 1911)
    • 1992 – Michel Larocque, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (b. 1952)
    • 1994 – John Britton, American physician (b. 1925)
    • 1994 – Dorothy Hodgkin, Egyptian-English biochemist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
    • 1995 – Les Elgart, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1917)
    • 1996 – Ric Nordman, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1919)
    • 1996 – Marcel-Paul Schützenberger, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1920)
    • 1996 – Jason Thirsk, American singer and bass player (b. 1967)
    • 1998 – Jerome Robbins, American director, producer, and choreographer (b. 1918)
    • 2001 – Edward Gierek, Polish soldier and politician (b. 1913)
    • 2001 – Wau Holland, German computer scientist, co-founded Chaos Computer Club (b. 1951)
    • 2003 – Foday Sankoh, Sierra Leonean soldier, founded the Revolutionary United Front (b. 1937)
    • 2004 – Rena Vlahopoulou, Greek actress and singer (b. 1923)
    • 2007 – Mike Reid, English comedian, actor, and author (b. 1940)
    • 2007 – Michel Serrault, French actor (b. 1928)
    • 2007 – Tom Snyder, American journalist and talk show host (b. 1936)
    • 2007 – Marvin Zindler, American journalist (b. 1921)
    • 2008 – Bruce Edward Ivins, American scientist and bio-defense researcher (b. 1946)
    • 2010 – Charles E. Wicks, American chemist and academic (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Tatiana Egorova, Russian footballer and manager (b. 1970)
    • 2012 – August Kowalczyk, Polish actor and director (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Chris Marker, French photographer and journalist (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – James Mellaart, English archaeologist and author (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – John Stampe, Danish footballer and coach (b. 1957)
    • 2013 – Christian Benítez, Ecuadorian footballer (b. 1986)
    • 2013 – Peter Flanigan, American banker and civil servant (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – Tony Gaze, Australian soldier, pilot, and race car driver (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Munir Hussain, Indian cricketer and sportscaster (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – M. Caldwell Butler, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Jon R. Cavaiani, English-American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1943)
    • 2014 – Giorgio Gaslini, Italian pianist and composer (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – María Antonia Iglesias, Spanish journalist and author (b. 1945)
    • 2014 – Péter Kiss, Hungarian engineer and politician (b. 1959)
    • 2014 – Idris Muhammad, American drummer and composer (b. 1939)
    • 2014 – Thomas R. St. George, American soldier and author (b. 1919)
    • 2015 – Antony Holland, English-Canadian actor, director, and playwright (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Peter O’Sullevan, Anglo-Irish sportscaster (b. 1918)
    • 2015 – Mike Pyle, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1939)
    • 2015 – Franklin H. Westervelt, American computer scientist, engineer, and academic (b. 1930)
    • 2018 – Oliver Dragojević, a Croatian recording artist (b. 1947)
    • 2018 – Josip Peruzovic, Yugoslav-born American professional wrestler (b. 1947)

    Holidays and observances on July 29

    • Christian feast day:
      • Lupus of Troyes
      • Martha of Bethany (Catholic, Anglican, and Lutheran Church)
      • Mary of Bethany
      • Olaf II of Norway
      • Simplicius, Faustinus and Beatrix
      • July 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which Somer’s Day can fall, while August 4 is the latest; celebrated on Friday before the first Monday in August. (Bermuda)
    • International Tiger Day
    • Mohun Bagan Day (India)
    • National Anthem Day (Romania)
    • National Thai Language Day (Thailand)
    • Ólavsøka or Olsok, opening of the Løgting session. (Faroe Islands and the Nordic countries)

  • July 27 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria, invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.
    • 1189 – Friedrich Barbarossa arrives at Niš, the capital of Serbian King Stefan Nemanja, during the Third Crusade.
    • 1202 – Georgian–Seljuk wars: At the Battle of Basian the Kingdom of Georgia defeats the Sultanate of Rum.
    • 1214 – Battle of Bouvines: Philip II of France decisively defeats Imperial, English and Flemish armies, effectively ending John of England’s Angevin Empire.
    • 1299 – According to Edward Gibbon, Osman I invades the territory of Nicomedia for the first time, usually considered to be the founding day of the Ottoman state.
    • 1302 – Battle of Bapheus: Decisive Ottoman victory over the Byzantines opening up Bithynia for Turkish conquest.
    • 1549 – The Jesuit priest Francis Xavier’s ship reaches Japan.
    • 1663 – The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports. After the Acts of Union 1707, Scotland would be included in the Act.
    • 1689 – Glorious Revolution: The Battle of Killiecrankie is a victory for the Jacobites.
    • 1694 – A Royal charter is granted to the Bank of England.
    • 1775 – Founding of the U.S. Army Medical Department: The Second Continental Congress passes legislation establishing “an hospital for an army consisting of 20,000 men.”
    • 1778 – American Revolution: First Battle of Ushant: British and French fleets fight to a standoff.
    • 1789 – The first U.S. federal government agency, the Department of Foreign Affairs, is established (it will be later renamed Department of State).
    • 1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre is arrested after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 “enemies of the Revolution”.
    • 1816 – Battle of Negro Fort: The battle ends when a hot shot cannonball fired by US Navy Gunboat No. 154 explodes the Fort’s Powder Magazine, killing approximately 275. It is considered the deadliest single cannon shot in US history.
    • 1857 – Siege of Arrah begins: Sixty-eight men hold out for eight days against a force of 2,500 to 3,000 mutinying sepoys and 8,000 irregular forces.
    • 1865 – Welsh settlers arrive at Chubut in Argentina.
    • 1866 – The first permanent transatlantic telegraph cable is successfully completed, stretching from Valentia Island, Ireland, to Heart’s Content, Newfoundland.
    • 1880 – Second Anglo-Afghan War: Battle of Maiwand: Afghan forces led by Mohammad Ayub Khan defeat the British Army in battle near Maiwand, Afghanistan.
    • 1890 – Vincent van Gogh shoots himself and dies two days later.
    • 1900 – Kaiser Wilhelm II makes a speech comparing Germans to Huns; for years afterwards, “Hun” would be a disparaging name for Germans.
    • 1917 – World War I: The Allies reach the Yser Canal at the Battle of Passchendaele.
    • 1919 – The Chicago Race Riot erupts after a racial incident occurred on a South Side beach, leading to 38 fatalities and 537 injuries over a five-day period.
    • 1921 – Researchers at the University of Toronto, led by biochemist Frederick Banting, prove that the hormone insulin regulates blood sugar.
    • 1929 – The Geneva Convention of 1929, dealing with treatment of prisoners-of-war, is signed by 53 nations.
    • 1940 – The animated short A Wild Hare is released, introducing the character of Bugs Bunny.
    • 1942 – World War II: Allied forces successfully halt the final Axis advance into Egypt.
    • 1949 – Initial flight of the de Havilland Comet, the first jet-powered airliner.
    • 1953 – Cessation of hostilities is achieved in the Korean War when the United States, China, and North Korea sign an armistice agreement. Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea, refuses to sign but pledges to observe the armistice.
    • 1955 – The Austrian State Treaty restores Austrian sovereignty.
    • 1955 – El Al Flight 402 is shot down by two fighter jets after straying into Bulgarian air space. All 58 people onboard are killed.
    • 1959 – The Continental League is announced as baseball’s “3rd major league” in the United States.
    • 1964 – Vietnam War: Five thousand more American military advisers are sent to South Vietnam bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.
    • 1974 – Watergate scandal: The House of Representatives Judiciary Committee votes 27 to 11 to recommend the first article of impeachment (for obstruction of justice) against President Richard Nixon.
    • 1975 – Mayor of Jaffna and former MP Alfred Duraiappah is shot dead.
    • 1976 – Former Japanese prime minister Kakuei Tanaka is arrested on suspicion of violating foreign exchange and foreign trade laws in connection with the Lockheed bribery scandals.
    • 1981 – While landing at Chihuahua International Airport, Aeromexico Flight 230 overshoots the runway. Thirty-two of the 66 passengers and crew on board the DC-9 are killed.[2]
    • 1983 – Black July: Eighteen Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by Sinhalese prisoners, the second such massacre in two days.
    • 1987 – RMS Titanic Inc. begins the first expedited salvage of wreckage of the RMS Titanic.
    • 1989 – While attempting to land at Tripoli International Airport in Libya, Korean Air Flight 803 crashes just short of the runway. Seventy-five of the 199 passengers and crew and four people on the ground are killed, in the second accident involving a DC-10 in less than two weeks, the first being United Airlines Flight 232.
    • 1990 – The Supreme Soviet of the Belarusian Soviet Republic declares independence of Belarus from the Soviet Union. Until 1996 the day is celebrated as the Independence Day of Belarus; after a referendum held that year the celebration of independence is moved to June 3.
    • 1990 – The Jamaat al Muslimeen attempt a coup d’état in Trinidad and Tobago.
    • 1995 – The Korean War Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C..
    • 1996 – In Atlanta, United States, a pipe bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park during the 1996 Summer Olympics.
    • 1997 – About 50 people are killed in the Si Zerrouk massacre in Algeria.
    • 2002 – Ukraine airshow disaster: A Sukhoi Su-27 fighter crashes during an air show at Lviv, Ukraine killing 77 and injuring more than 500 others, making it the deadliest air show disaster in history.
    • 2005 – After an incident during STS-114, NASA grounds the Space Shuttle, pending an investigation of the continuing problem with the shedding of foam insulation from the external fuel tank.
    • 2015 – At least seven people are killed and many injured after gunmen attack an Indian police station in Punjab.
    • 2016 – At a news conference in Florida, U.S. Presidential Candidate Donald Trump publicly appealed to Russia to find and release private emails from Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton; a Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019) later alleged that Russian operatives began hacking into servers at the Democratic National Committee on that same day, leading to the July 13, 2018 indictment of 12 Russian intelligence officers.[3]

    Births on July 27

    • 1452 – Ludovico Sforza, Italian son of Francesco I Sforza (d. 1508)
    • 1452 – Lucrezia Crivelli, mistress of Ludovico Sforza (d. 1508)
    • 1502 – Francesco Corteccia, Italian composer (d. 1571)
    • 1578 – Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond (d. 1639)
    • 1612 – Murad IV, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1640)
    • 1625 – Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (d. 1672)
    • 1667 – Johann Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and academic (d. 1748)
    • 1733 – Jeremiah Dixon, English surveyor and astronomer (d. 1779)
    • 1740 – Jeanne Baré, French explorer (d. 1803)
    • 1741 – François-Hippolyte Barthélémon, French-English violinist and composer (d. 1808)
    • 1752 – Samuel Smith, American general and politician (d. 1839)
    • 1768 – Charlotte Corday, French assassin of Jean-Paul Marat (d. 1793)
    • 1768 – Joseph Anton Koch, Austrian painter (d. 1839)
    • 1773 – Jacob Aall, Norwegian economist and politician (d. 1844)
    • 1777 – Thomas Campbell, Scottish-French poet and academic (d. 1844)
    • 1777 – Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, English general (d. 1853)
    • 1781 – Mauro Giuliani, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1828)
    • 1784 – Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (d. 1839)
    • 1812 – Thomas Lanier Clingman, American general and politician (d. 1897)
    • 1818 – Agostino Roscelli, Italian priest and saint (d. 1902)
    • 1824 – Alexandre Dumas, fils, French novelist and playwright (d. 1895)
    • 1833 – Thomas George Bonney, English geologist, mountaineer, and academic (d. 1923)
    • 1834 – Miguel Grau Seminario, Peruvian admiral (d. 1879)
    • 1835 – Giosuè Carducci, Italian poet and educator, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)
    • 1848 – Loránd Eötvös, Hungarian physicist and politician, Minister of Education of Hungary (d. 1919)
    • 1848 – Friedrich Ernst Dorn, German physicist (d.1916)
    • 1853 – Vladimir Korolenko, Ukrainian journalist, author, and activist (d. 1921)
    • 1853 – Elizabeth Plankinton, American philanthropist (d. 1923)
    • 1854 – Takahashi Korekiyo, Japanese accountant and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1936)
    • 1857 – José Celso Barbosa, Puerto Rican physician, sociologist, and politician (d. 1921)
    • 1857 – Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge, English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist (d.1934)
    • 1858 – George Lyon, Canadian golfer and cricketer (d. 1938)
    • 1866 – António José de Almeida, Portuguese physician and politician, 6th President of Portugal (d. 1929)
    • 1867 – Enrique Granados, Spanish pianist and composer (d. 1916)
    • 1870 – Hilaire Belloc, French-born British writer and historian (d. 1953)
    • 1872 – Stanislav Binički, Serbian composer, conductor, and pedagogue. (d. 1942)
    • 1879 – Francesco Gaeta, Italian poet (d. 1927)
    • 1877 – Ernő Dohnányi, Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1960)
    • 1881 – Hans Fischer, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945)
    • 1882 – Geoffrey de Havilland, English pilot and engineer, founded the de Havilland Aircraft Company (d. 1965)
    • 1886 – Ernst May, German architect and urban planner (d. 1970)
    • 1889 – Vera Karalli, Russian ballerina, choreographer, and actress (d. 1972)
    • 1890 – Benjamin Miessner, American radio engineer and inventor (d. 1976)
    • 1890 – Armas Taipale, Finnish discus thrower and shot putter (d. 1976)
    • 1891 – Jacob van der Hoeden, Dutch-Israeli veterinarian and academic (d. 1968)
    • 1893 – Ugo Agostoni, Italian cyclist (d. 1941)
    • 1894 – Mientje Kling, Dutch actress (d. 1966)
    • 1896 – Robert George, Scottish air marshal and politician, 24th Governor of South Australia (d. 1967)
    • 1896 – Henri Longchambon, French lawyer and politician (d. 1969)
    • 1899 – Percy Hornibrook, Australian cricketer (d. 1976)
    • 1902 – Yaroslav Halan, Ukrainian playwright and publicist (d. 1949)
    • 1903 – Nikolay Cherkasov, Russian actor (d. 1966)
    • 1903 – Michail Stasinopoulos, Greek jurist and politician, President of Greece (d. 2002)
    • 1903 – Mārtiņš Zīverts, Latvian playwright (d. 1990)
    • 1904 – Lyudmila Rudenko, Soviet chess player (d. 1986)
    • 1905 – Leo Durocher, American baseball player and manager (d. 1991)
    • 1906 – Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish author and activist (d. 2000)
    • 1906 – Herbert Jasper, Canadian psychologist and neurologist (d. 1999)
    • 1907 – Ross Alexander, American stage and film actor (d. 1937)
    • 1907 – Carl McClellan Hill, African American educator and academic administrator (d. 1995)
    • 1907 – Irene Fischer, Austrian-American geodesist and mathematician (d. 2009)
    • 1908 – Joseph Mitchell, American journalist and author (d. 1996)
    • 1910 – Julien Gracq, French author and critic (d. 2007)
    • 1910 – Lupita Tovar, Mexican-American actress (d. 2016)
    • 1911 – Rayner Heppenstall, English author and poet (d. 1981)
    • 1912 – Vernon Elliott, English bassoon player, composer, and conductor (d. 1996)
    • 1913 – George L. Street III, American captain, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2000)
    • 1914 – August Sang, Estonian poet and translator (d. 1969)
    • 1915 – Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (d. 1982)
    • 1915 – Josef Priller, German colonel and pilot (d. 1961)
    • 1916 – Elizabeth Hardwick, American literary critic, novelist, and short story writer (d. 2007)
    • 1916 – Skippy Williams, American saxophonist and arranger (d. 1994)
    • 1916 – Keenan Wynn, American actor (d. 1986)
    • 1918 – Leonard Rose, American cellist and educator (d. 1984)
    • 1920 – Henry D. “Homer” Haynes, American comedian and musician (Homer and Jethro) (d. 1971)
    • 1921 – Garry Davis, American pilot and activist, created the World Passport (d. 2013)
    • 1921 – Émile Genest, Canadian-American actor (d. 2003)
    • 1922 – Adolfo Celi, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1986)
    • 1922 – Norman Lear, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1923 – Mas Oyama, South Korean-Japanese martial artist (d. 1994)
    • 1924 – Vincent Canby, American historian and critic (d. 2000)
    • 1924 – Otar Taktakishvili, Georgian composer and conductor (d. 1989)
    • 1927 – Guy Carawan, American singer and musicologist (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Pierre Granier-Deferre, French director and screenwriter (d. 2007)
    • 1927 – Will Jordan, American comedian and actor (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – C. Rajadurai, Sri Lankan journalist and politician, 1st Mayor of Batticaloa
    • 1927 – John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1928 – Joseph Kittinger, American colonel and pilot
    • 1929 – Jean Baudrillard, French sociologist and philosopher (d. 2007)
    • 1929 – Harvey Fuqua, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1929 – Jack Higgins, English author and academic
    • 1929 – Marc Wilkinson, French-Australian composer and conductor
    • 1930 – Joy Whitby, English director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1930 – Shirley Williams, English academic and politician, Secretary of State for Education
    • 1931 – Khieu Samphan, Cambodian academic and politician, 28th Prime Minister of Cambodia
    • 1931 – Jerry Van Dyke, American actor (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Forest Able, American basketball player
    • 1932 – Diane Webber, American model, dancer and actress
    • 1933 – Nick Reynolds, American singer and bongo player (d. 2008)
    • 1933 – Ted Whitten, Australian footballer and journalist (d. 1995)
    • 1935 – Hillar Kärner, Estonian chess player
    • 1935 – Billy McCullough, Northern Irish footballer
    • 1936 – J. Robert Hooper, American businessman and politician (d. 2008)
    • 1937 – Anna Dawson, English actress and singer
    • 1937 – Don Galloway, American actor (d. 2009)
    • 1937 – Robert Holmes à Court, South African-Australian businessman and lawyer (d. 1990)
    • 1938 – Gary Gygax, American game designer, co-created Dungeons & Dragons (d. 2008)
    • 1939 – William Eggleston, American photographer and academic
    • 1939 – Michael Longley, Northern Irish poet and academic
    • 1939 – Paulo Silvino, Brazilian comedian, composer and actor (d. 2017)
    • 1940 – Pina Bausch, German dancer and choreographer (d. 2009)
    • 1941 – Christian Boesch, Austrian opera singer
    • 1941 – Johannes Fritsch, German viola player and composer (d. 2010)
    • 1942 – Édith Butler, Canadian singer-songwriter
    • 1942 – John Pleshette, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1942 – Dennis Ralston, American tennis player
    • 1943 – Jeremy Greenstock, English diplomat, British Ambassador to the United Nations
    • 1944 – Bobbie Gentry, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1944 – Jean-Marie Leblanc, French cyclist and journalist
    • 1944 – Barbara Thomson, English saxophonist and composer
    • 1945 – Edmund M. Clarke, American computer scientist
    • 1946 – Peter Reading, English poet and author (d. 2011)
    • 1947 – Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese businessman (d. 2008)
    • 1947 – Betty Thomas, American actress, director, and producer
    • 1948 – Peggy Fleming, American figure skater and sportscaster
    • 1948 – James Munby, English lawyer and judge
    • 1948 – Henny Vrienten, Dutch singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1949 – Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (d. 2010)
    • 1949 – André Dupont, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1949 – Rory MacDonald, Scottish singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1949 – Maureen McGovern, American singer and actress
    • 1949 – Robert Rankin, English author and illustrator
    • 1950 – Simon Jones, English actor
    • 1951 – Roseanna Cunningham, Scottish lawyer and politician, Minister for Community Safety and Legal Affairs
    • 1951 – Bob Diamond, American-English banker and businessman
    • 1951 – Rolf Thung, Dutch tennis player
    • 1952 – Marvin Barnes, American basketball player (d. 2014)
    • 1952 – Roxanne Hart, American actress
    • 1953 – Chung Dong-young, South Korean journalist and politician, 31st South Korean Minister of Unification
    • 1953 – Yahoo Serious, Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1954 – Philippe Alliot, French race car driver and sportscaster
    • 1954 – G. S. Bali, Indian lawyer and politician
    • 1954 – Ricardo Uceda, Peruvian journalist and author
    • 1954 – Mark Stanway, English keyboard player Magnum
    • 1955 – Cat Bauer, American journalist, author, and playwright
    • 1955 – Allan Border, Australian cricketer and coach
    • 1955 – John Howell, English journalist and politician
    • 1955 – Bobby Rondinelli, American drummer
    • 1956 – Carol Leifer, American actress, comedian, screenwriter, and producer
    • 1957 – Bill Engvall, American comedian, actor, and producer
    • 1958 – Christopher Dean, English figure skater and choreographer
    • 1958 – Kimmo Hakola, Finnish composer
    • 1959 – Joe DeSa, American baseball player (d. 1986)
    • 1959 – Hugh Green, American football player
    • 1959 – Yiannos Papantoniou, French-Greek economist and politician, Greek Minister of National Defence
    • 1960 – Jo Durie, English tennis player and sportscaster
    • 1960 – Conway Savage, Australian singer-songwriter and keyboard player (d. 2018)
    • 1960 – Emily Thornberry, English lawyer and politician
    • 1961 – Ed Orgeron, American football coach[4]
    • 1962 – Neil Brooks, Australian swimmer
    • 1962 – Karl Mueller, American bass player (d. 2005)
    • 1963 – Donnie Yen, Chinese-Hong Kong actor, director, producer, and martial artist
    • 1964 – Rex Brown, American bass player and songwriter
    • 1965 – José Luis Chilavert, Paraguayan footballer
    • 1966 – Steve Tilson, English footballer and manager
    • 1967 – Rahul Bose, Indian journalist, actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1967 – Juliana Hatfield, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1967 – Hans Mathisen, Norwegian guitarist and composer
    • 1967 – Neil Smith, English cricketer
    • 1967 – Craig Wolanin, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1968 – Maria Grazia Cucinotta, Italian actress and producer
    • 1968 – Tom Goodwin, American baseball player and coach
    • 1968 – Sabina Jeschke, Swedish-German engineer and academic
    • 1968 – Julian McMahon, Australian actor and producer
    • 1968 – Ricardo Rosset, Brazilian race car driver
    • 1969 – Triple H, American wrestler and actor
    • 1969 – Jonty Rhodes, South African cricketer and coach
    • 1970 – Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, Danish actor and producer
    • 1970 – David Davies, English-Welsh politician
    • 1971 – Matthew Johns, Australian rugby league player, sportscaster and television host
    • 1972 – Clint Robinson, Australian kayaker[5]
    • 1972 – Maya Rudolph, American actress
    • 1972 – Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Malaysian surgeon and astronaut
    • 1973 – Cassandra Clare, American journalist and author
    • 1973 – Erik Nys, Belgian long jumper
    • 1973 – Gorden Tallis, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1974 – Eason Chan, Hong Kong singer, actor, and producer
    • 1974 – Pete Yorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1975 – Serkan Çeliköz, Turkish keyboard player and songwriter
    • 1975 – Shea Hillenbrand, American baseball player
    • 1975 – Fred Mascherino, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1975 – Alessandro Pistone, Italian footballer
    • 1975 – Alex Rodriguez, American baseball player
    • 1976 – Demis Hassabis, English computer scientist and academic
    • 1976 – Scott Mason, Australian cricketer (d. 2005)
    • 1977 – Foo Swee Chin, Singaporean illustrator
    • 1977 – Björn Dreyer, German footballer
    • 1977 – Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Irish actor
    • 1978 – Diarmuid O’Sullivan, Irish hurler and manager
    • 1979 – Marielle Franco, Brazilian politician, feminist, and human rights activist (d. 2018)
    • 1979 – Jorge Arce, Mexican boxer
    • 1979 – Sidney Govou, French footballer
    • 1979 – Shannon Moore, American wrestler and singer
    • 1980 – Allan Davis, Australian cyclist
    • 1980 – Wesley Gonzales, Filipino basketball player
    • 1981 – Susan King Borchardt, American basketball player
    • 1981 – Collins Obuya, Kenyan cricketer
    • 1981 – Dash Snow, American painter and photographer (d. 2009)
    • 1981 – Christopher Weselek, German rugby player
    • 1982 – Neil Harbisson, English-Catalan painter, composer, and activist
    • 1983 – Lorik Cana, Albanian footballer
    • 1983 – Martijn Maaskant, Dutch cyclist
    • 1983 – Goran Pandev, Macedonian footballer
    • 1983 – Soccor Velho, Indian footballer (d. 2013)
    • 1984 – Antoine Bethea, American football player
    • 1984 – Tsuyoshi Nishioka, Japanese baseball player
    • 1984 – Max Scherzer, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Taylor Schilling, American actress
    • 1984 – Kenny Wormald, American actor, dancer, and choreographer
    • 1985 – Husain Abdullah, American football player
    • 1985 – Matteo Pratichetti, Italian rugby player
    • 1985 – Ajmal Shahzad, English cricketer
    • 1986 – DeMarre Carroll, American basketball player
    • 1986 – Ryan Flaherty, American baseball player
    • 1986 – Ryan Griffen, Australian footballer
    • 1987 – Jacoby Ford, American football player
    • 1987 – Marek Hamšík, Slovak footballer
    • 1987 – Jordan Hill, American basketball player
    • 1987 – Sarah Parsons, American ice hockey player
    • 1988 – Adam Biddle, Australian footballer
    • 1988 – Yoervis Medina, Venezuelan baseball player
    • 1988 – Ryan Tannehill, American football player
    • 1989 – Maya Ali, Pakistani actress
    • 1990 – Nick Hogan, American race car driver and actor
    • 1990 – Paolo Hurtado, Peruvian footballer
    • 1990 – Cheyenne Kimball, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1990 – Stephen Li-Chung Kuo, Taiwanese-American figure skater
    • 1990 – Kriti Sanon, Indian actress
    • 1991 – Rena Matsui, Japanese actress and singer
    • 1993 – Reagan Campbell-Gillard, Australian rugby league player
    • 1993 – Max Power, English footballer
    • 1993 – Jordan Spieth, American golfer
    • 2001 – Shin Ki-joon, South Korean actor

    Deaths on July 27

    • 903 – Abdallah II of Ifriqiya, Aghlabid emir
    • 959 – Chai Rong, emperor of Later Zhou
    • 1144 – Salomea of Berg, High Duchess consort of Poland[6]
    • 1061 – Nicholas II, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 1101 – Conrad II, king of Italy (b. 1074)
    • 1101 – Hugh d’Avranches, Earl of Chester (b. c. 1047)
    • 1158 – Geoffrey VI, Count of Anjou (b. 1134)
    • 1276 – James I of Aragon (b. 1208)
    • 1365 – Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (b. 1339)
    • 1382 – Joanna I of Naples (b. 1326)
    • 1510 – Giovanni Sforza, Italian condottiere (b. 1466)
    • 1469 – William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (b. 1423)
    • 1656 – Salomo Glassius, German theologian and critic (b. 1593)
    • 1675 – Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (b. 1611)
    • 1689 – John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (b. c. 1648)[7]
    • 1759 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician and philosopher (b. 1698)
    • 1770 – Robert Dinwiddie, Scottish merchant and politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1693)
    • 1841 – Mikhail Lermontov, Russian poet and painter (b. 1814)
    • 1844 – John Dalton, English physicist, meteorologist, and chemist (b. 1776)
    • 1863 – William Lowndes Yancey, American journalist and politician (b. 1813)
    • 1865 – Jean-Joseph Dassy, French painter and lithographer (b. 1791)
    • 1875 – Aleksander Kunileid, Estonian composer and educator (b. 1845)
    • 1876 – Albertus van Raalte, Dutch-born American minister and author (b. 1811)
    • 1883 – Montgomery Blair, American lieutenant and politician, 20th United States Postmaster General (b. 1813)
    • 1916 – Charles Fryatt, English captain (b. 1872)
    • 1916 – William Jonas, English footballer (d. 1890)
    • 1917 – Emil Theodor Kocher, Swiss physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1841)
    • 1921 – Myrddin Fardd, Welsh writer and antiquarian scholar (b. 1836)
    • 1924 – Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1866)
    • 1931 – Auguste Forel, Swiss neuroanatomist and psychiatrist (b. 1848)
    • 1938 – Tom Crean, Irish seaman and explorer (b. 1877)
    • 1941 – Alfred Henry O’Keeffe, New Zealand painter and educator (b. 1858)
    • 1942 – Karl Pärsimägi, Estonian painter (b. 1902)
    • 1946 – Gertrude Stein, American novelist, poet, and playwright (b. 1874)
    • 1948 – Woolf Barnato, English race car driver and businessman (b. 1898)
    • 1948 – Joe Tinker, American baseball player and manager (b. 1880)
    • 1948 – Dorothea Bleek, South African anthropologist and philologist (b. 1873)
    • 1951 – Paul Kogerman, Estonian chemist and politician, 22nd Estonian Minister of Education (b. 1891)
    • 1958 – Claire Lee Chennault, American general and pilot (b. 1893)
    • 1960 – Julie Vinter Hansen, Danish-Swiss astronomer and academic (b. 1890)
    • 1962 – Richard Aldington, English poet and author (b. 1892)
    • 1962 – James H. Kindelberger, American pilot and businessman (b. 1895)
    • 1963 – Hooks Dauss, American baseball player (b. 1889)
    • 1963 – Garrett Morgan, African-American inventor (b. 1877)
    • 1964 – Winifred Lenihan, American actress, writer, and director (b. 1898)
    • 1965 – Daniel-Rops, French historian and author (b. 1901)
    • 1968 – Babe Adams, American baseball player and manager (b. 1882)
    • 1970 – António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese economist and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1889)
    • 1971 – Charlie Tully, Irish footballer and manager (b. 1924)
    • 1975 – Alfred Duraiappah, Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer and politician (d. 1926)
    • 1978 – Bob Heffron, New Zealand-Australian miner and politician, 30th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1890)
    • 1978 – Willem van Otterloo, Dutch cellist, composer, and conductor (b. 1907)
    • 1980 – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iranian king (b. 1919)
    • 1981 – William Wyler, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1902)
    • 1984 – James Mason, English actor (b. 1909)
    • 1985 – Smoky Joe Wood, American baseball player and coach (b. 1889)
    • 1987 – Travis Jackson, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1903)
    • 1988 – Frank Zamboni, American inventor and businessman, founded the Zamboni Company (b. 1901)
    • 1990 – Bobby Day, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1928)
    • 1990 – René Toribio, Guadeloupean politician (b. 1912)
    • 1991 – John Friedrich, German-Australian engineer and conman (b. 1950)
    • 1992 – Max Dupain, Australian photographer and educator (b. 1911)
    • 1992 – Tzeni Karezi, Greek actress and screenwriter
    • 1993 – Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (b. 1965)
    • 1994 – Kevin Carter, South African photographer and journalist (b. 1960)
    • 1995 – Melih Esenbel, Turkish politician and diplomat, 20th Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1915)
    • 1995 – Rick Ferrell, American baseball player and coach (b. 1905)
    • 1995 – Miklós Rózsa, Hungarian-American composer and conductor (b. 1907)
    • 1998 – Binnie Barnes, English-American actress (b. 1903)
    • 1999 – Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, Russian mathematician, physicist, and mountaineer (b. 1912)
    • 1999 – Harry Edison, American trumpet player (b. 1915)
    • 2000 – Gordon Solie, American sportscaster (b. 1929)
    • 2001 – Rhonda Sing, Canadian wrestler (b. 1961)
    • 2001 – Leon Wilkeson, American bass player and songwriter (b. 1952)
    • 2003 – Vance Hartke, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (b. 1919)
    • 2003 – Bob Hope, English-American actor, comedian, television personality, and businessman (b. 1903)
    • 2005 – Al Held, American painter and academic (b. 1928)
    • 2005 – Marten Toonder, Dutch author and illustrator (b. 1912)
    • 2006 – Maryann Mahaffey, American academic and politician (b. 1925)
    • 2007 – James Oyebola, Nigerian-English boxer (b. 1961)
    • 2008 – Youssef Chahine, Egyptian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
    • 2008 – Horst Stein, German-born Swiss conductor (b. 1928)
    • 2008 – Isaac Saba Raffoul, Mexican businessman (b. 1923)
    • 2010 – Maury Chaykin, American-Canadian actor (b. 1949)
    • 2010 – Jack Tatum, American football player (b. 1948)
    • 2012 – Norman Alden, American actor (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – R. G. Armstrong, American actor and playwright (b. 1917)
    • 2012 – Darryl Cotton, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1949)
    • 2012 – Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (b. 1944)
    • 2012 – Tony Martin, American actor and singer (b. 1913)
    • 2012 – Jack Taylor, English footballer and referee (b. 1930)
    • 2013 – Fernando Alonso, Cuban dancer, co-founded the Cuban National Ballet (b. 1914)
    • 2013 – Lindy Boggs, American politician and diplomat, 5th United States Ambassador to the Holy See (b. 1916)
    • 2013 – Bud Day, American colonel and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Kidd Kraddick, American radio host (b. 1959)
    • 2013 – Ilya Segalovich, Russian businessman, co-founded Yandex (b. 1964)
    • 2014 – Richard Bolt, New Zealand air marshal and pilot (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – George Freese, American baseball player and coach (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – Wallace Jones, American basketball player and coach (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Paul Schell, American lawyer and politician, 50th Mayor of Seattle (b. 1937)
    • 2015 – Rickey Grundy, American singer-songwriter (b. 1959)
    • 2015 – A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Indian engineer, academic, and politician, 11th President of India (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – Samuel Pisar, Polish-born American lawyer and author (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Anthony Shaw, English general (b. 1930)
    • 2016 – Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer (b.1928)[8]
    • 2016 – James Alan McPherson, American short story writer and essayist (b. 1943)[9]
    • 2016 – Jerry Doyle, American actor and talk show host (b. 1956)[10]
    • 2016 – Piet de Jong, Dutch politician and naval officer, Minister of Defence (1963–67), Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1967–71) (b. 1915)[11]
    • 2017 – Sam Shepard, American playwright, actor, author, screenwriter, and director (b.1943)[12]
    • 2018 – Marco Aurelio Denegri, Peruvian literature critic, television host and sexologist[13]
    • 2018 – Rahim Uddin Bharosha, Bangladeshi politician (b. 1934)

    Holidays and observances on July 27

    • Christian feast day:
      • Arethas (Western Christianity)
      • Aurelius and Natalia and companions of the Martyrs of Córdoba.
      • Maurus, Pantalemon, and Sergius
      • Pantaleon
      • Seven Sleepers of Ephesus (Roman Martyrology)
        • National Sleepy Head Day (Finland)
      • Theobald of Marly
      • Blessed Titus Brandsma, O.Carm.
      • July 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of Victory in the Great Fatherland Liberation War (North Korea)
    • Iglesia ni Cristo Day (the Philippines)
    • José Celso Barbosa Day (Puerto Rico)
    • Martyrs and Wounded Soldiers Day (Vietnam)
    • National Korean War Veterans Armistice Day (United States)

  • July 26 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    “Mordad 5th”—day 129th in the Iranian official calendar (236 days – 237 days in leap years – till the end of the year)

    July 26 in History

    • 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
    • 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seriously wounded.
    • 920 – Rout of an alliance of Christian troops from Navarre and Léon against the Muslims at the Battle of Valdejunquera.
    • 1309 – Henry VII is recognized King of the Romans by Pope Clement V.
    • 1469 – Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Edgecote Moor, pitting the forces of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick against those of Edward IV of England, takes place.
    • 1509 – The Emperor Krishnadevaraya ascends to the throne, marking the beginning of the regeneration of the Vijayanagara Empire.
    • 1529 – Francisco Pizarro González, Spanish conquistador, is appointed governor of Peru.
    • 1581 – Plakkaat van Verlatinghe (Act of Abjuration): The northern Low Countries declare their independence from the Spanish king, Philip II.
    • 1703 – During the Bavarian Rummel the rural population of Tyrol drove the Bavarian Prince-Elector Maximilian II Emanuel out of North Tyrol with a victory at the Pontlatzer Bridge and thus prevented the Bavarian Army, which was allied with France, from marching as planned on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession.
    • 1745 – The first recorded women’s cricket match takes place near Guildford, England.
    • 1758 – French and Indian War: The Siege of Louisbourg ends with British forces defeating the French and taking control of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence.
    • 1775 – The office that would later become the United States Post Office Department is established by the Second Continental Congress. Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania takes office as Postmaster General.
    • 1788 – New York ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the 11th state of the United States.
    • 1803 – The Surrey Iron Railway, arguably the world’s first public railway, opens in south London, United Kingdom.
    • 1814 – The Swedish–Norwegian War begins.
    • 1822 – José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet with Simón Bolívar.
    • 1822 – First day of the three-day Battle of Dervenakia, between the Ottoman Empire force led by Mahmud Dramali Pasha and the Greek Revolutionary force led by Theodoros Kolokotronis.
    • 1847 – Liberia declares its independence.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: Morgan’s Raid ends; At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 360 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
    • 1882 – Premiere of Richard Wagner’s opera Parsifal at Bayreuth.
    • 1882 – The Republic of Stellaland is founded in Southern Africa.
    • 1887 – Publication of the Unua Libro, founding the Esperanto movement.
    • 1890 – In Buenos Aires, Argentina the Revolución del Parque takes place, forcing President Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman’s resignation.
    • 1891 – France annexes Tahiti.
    • 1892 – Dadabhai Naoroji is elected as the first Indian Member of Parliament in Britain.
    • 1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Pashtun fakir Saidullah leads an army of more than 10,000 to begin a siege of the British garrison in the Malakand Agency of the North West Frontier Province of India.
    • 1899 – Ulises Heureaux, the 27th President of the Dominican Republic, is assassinated.
    • 1908 – United States Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte issues an order to immediately staff the Office of the Chief Examiner (later renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation).
    • 1918 – Emmy Noether’s paper, which became known as Noether’s theorem was presented at Göttingen, Germany, from which conservation laws are deduced for symmetries of angular momentum, linear momentum, and energy.
    • 1936 – Spanish Civil War: Germany and Italy decide to intervene in the war in support for Francisco Franco and the Nationalist faction.
    • 1936 – King Edward VIII, in one of his few official duties before he abdicates the throne, officially unveils the Canadian National Vimy Memorial.
    • 1937 – Spanish Civil War: End of the Battle of Brunete with the Nationalist victory.
    • 1941 – World War II: In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indochina, the United States, Britain and the Netherlands freeze all Japanese assets and cut off oil shipments.
    • 1944 – World War II: The Red Army enters Lviv, a major city in western Ukraine, capturing it from the Nazis. Only 300 Jews survive out of 160,000 living in Lviv prior to occupation.
    • 1945 – The Labour Party wins the United Kingdom general election of July 5 by a landslide, removing Winston Churchill from power.
    • 1945 – World War II: The Potsdam Declaration is signed in Potsdam, Germany.
    • 1945 – World War II: HMS Vestal is the last British Royal Navy ship to be sunk in the war.
    • 1945 – World War II: The USS Indianapolis arrives at Tinian with components and enriched uranium for the Little Boy nuclear bomb.
    • 1946 – Aloha Airlines begins service from Honolulu International Airport.
    • 1947 – Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act of 1947 into United States law creating the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Department of Defense, United States Air Force, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the United States National Security Council.
    • 1948 – U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs Executive Order 9981, desegregating the military of the United States.
    • 1951 – Walt Disney’s 13th animated film, Alice in Wonderland, premieres in London, England, United Kingdom.
    • 1952 – King Farouk of Egypt abdicates in favor of his son Fuad.
    • 1953 – Cold War: Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks, thus beginning the Cuban Revolution. The movement took the name of the date: 26th of July Movement
    • 1953 – Arizona Governor John Howard Pyle orders an anti-polygamy law enforcement crackdown on residents of Short Creek, Arizona, which becomes known as the Short Creek raid.
    • 1953 – Soldiers from the 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment repel a number of Chinese assaults against a key position known as The Hook during the Battle of the Samichon River, just hours before the Armistice Agreement is signed, ending the Korean War.
    • 1956 – Following the World Bank’s refusal to fund building the Aswan Dam, Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, sparking international condemnation.
    • 1957 – Carlos Castillo Armas, dictator of Guatemala, is assassinated.
    • 1958 – Explorer program: Explorer 4 is launched.
    • 1963 – Syncom 2, the world’s first geosynchronous satellite, is launched from Cape Canaveral on a Delta B booster.
    • 1963 – An earthquake in Skopje, Yugoslavia (present-day North Macedonia) leaves 1,100 dead.
    • 1963 – The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development votes to admit Japan.
    • 1968 – Vietnam War: South Vietnamese opposition leader Trương Đình Dzu is sentenced to five years hard labor for advocating the formation of a coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the war.
    • 1971 – Apollo program: Launch of Apollo 15 on the first Apollo “J-Mission”, and first use of a Lunar Roving Vehicle.
    • 1974 – Greek Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis forms the country’s first civil government after seven years of military rule.
    • 1977 – The National Assembly of Quebec imposes the use of French as the official language of the provincial government.
    • 1979 (1358 SH) – Holding the first Friday Prayer in Iran led by Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleghani
    • 1986 (1365 SH) – Aerial bombardment of citizens of Arak by Ba’athist Iraq regime at 9:13 a.m. (local time):
    • 1988 (1367 SH) – Mersad Operation part of Iran-Iraq war
    • 1989 – A federal grand jury indicts Cornell University student Robert T. Morris, Jr. for releasing the Morris worm, thus becoming the first person to be prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.
    • 1990 – The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is signed into law by President George H.W. Bush.
    • 1993 – Asiana Airlines Flight 733 crashes into a ridge on Mt. Ungeo on its third attempt to land at Mokpo Airport, South Korea. Sixty-eight of the 116 people onboard are killed.
    • 1999 – Celebrated as Kargil Vijay Diwas. Kargil conflict officially comes to an end. The Indian Army announces the complete eviction of Pakistani intruders.
    • 2005 – Space Shuttle program: STS-114 Mission: Launch of Discovery, NASA’s first scheduled flight mission after the Columbia Disaster in 2003.
    • 2005 – Mumbai, India receives 99.5cm of rain (39.17 inches) within 24 hours, resulting in floods killing over 5,000 people.
    • 2008 – Fifty-six people are killed and over 200 people are injured, in the Ahmedabad bombings in India.
    • 2009 – The militant Nigerian Islamist group Boko Haram attacks a police station in Bauchi, leading to reprisals by the Nigeria Police Force and four days of violence across multiple cities.
    • 2016 – The Sagamihara stabbings occur in Kanagawa Prefecture in Japan. Nineteen people are killed.
    • 2016 – Hillary Clinton becomes the first female nominee for President of the United States by a major political party at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia.
    • 2016 – Solar Impulse 2 becomes the first solar-powered aircraft to circumnavigate the Earth.

    Births on July 26

    • 1030 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Polish bishop and saint (d. 1079)
    • 1400 – Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester, English noble (d. 1439)
    • 1502 – Christian Egenolff, German printer (d. 1555)
    • 1612 – Murad IV, Ottoman sultan (d. 1640)
    • 1678 – Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1711)
    • 1711 – Lorenz Christoph Mizler, German physician, mathematician, and historian (d. 1778)
    • 1739 – George Clinton, American general and politician, 4th Vice President of the United States (d. 1812)
    • 1782 – John Field, Irish pianist and composer (d. 1837)
    • 1791 – Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1844)
    • 1796 – George Catlin, American painter, author, and traveler (d. 1872)
    • 1802 – Mariano Arista, Mexican general and politician, 42nd President of Mexico (d. 1855)
    • 1819 – Justin Holland, American guitarist and educator (d. 1887)
    • 1829 – Auguste Beernaert, Belgian politician, 14th Prime Minister of Belgium, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1912)
    • 1841 – Carl Robert Jakobson, Estonian journalist and politician (d. 1882)
    • 1842 – Alfred Marshall, English economist and academic (d. 1924)
    • 1844 – Stefan Drzewiecki, Ukrainian-Polish engineer and journalist (d. 1938)
    • 1854 – Philippe Gaucher, French dermatologist and academic (d. 1918)
    • 1855 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1936)
    • 1856 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish playwright and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
    • 1858 – Tom Garrett, Australian cricketer and lawyer (d. 1943)
    • 1863 – Jāzeps Vītols, Latvian composer (d. 1948)
    • 1865 – Philipp Scheidemann, German journalist and politician, 10th Chancellor of Germany (d. 1939)
    • 1865 – Rajanikanta Sen, Indian poet and composer (d. 1910)
    • 1874 – Serge Koussevitzky, Russian-American bassist, composer, and conductor (d. 1951)
    • 1875 – Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (d. 1961)
    • 1875 – Antonio Machado, Spanish poet and academic (d. 1939)
    • 1877 – Jesse Lauriston Livermore, American investor and security analyst, “Great Bear of Wall Street” (d. 1940)
    • 1878 – Ernst Hoppenberg, German swimmer and water polo player (d. 1937)
    • 1879 – Shunroku Hata, Japanese field marshal and politician, 48th Japanese Minister of War (d. 1962)
    • 1880 – Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Ukrainian playwright and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Ukrainian People’s Republic (d. 1951)
    • 1882 – Albert Dunstan, Australian politician, 33rd Premier of Victoria (d. 1950)
    • 1885 – Roy Castleton, Major League Baseball player (d.1967)
    • 1885 – André Maurois, French soldier and author (d. 1967)
    • 1886 – Lars Hanson, Swedish actor (d. 1965)
    • 1888 – Reginald Hands, South African cricketer and rugby player (d. 1918)
    • 1890 – Daniel J. Callaghan, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1942)
    • 1892 – Sad Sam Jones, American baseball player and manager (d. 1966)
    • 1893 – George Grosz, German painter and illustrator (d. 1959)
    • 1894 – Aldous Huxley, English novelist and philosopher (d. 1963)
    • 1895 – Gracie Allen, American actress and comedian (d. 1964)
    • 1896 – Tim Birkin, English soldier and race car driver (d. 1933)
    • 1897 – Harold D. Cooley, American lawyer and politician (d. 1974)
    • 1897 – Paul Gallico, American journalist and author (d. 1976)
    • 1900 – Sarah Kafrit, Israeli politician and teacher (d. 1983)
    • 1903 – Estes Kefauver, American lawyer and politician (d. 1963)
    • 1904 – Edwin Albert Link, American industrialist and entrepreneur, invented the flight simulator (d. 1981)
    • 1906 – Irena Iłłakowicz, German-Polish lieutenant (d. 1943)
    • 1908 – Lucien Wercollier, Luxembourger sculptor (d. 2002)
    • 1909 – Peter Thorneycroft, Baron Thorneycroft, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1994)
    • 1909 – Vivian Vance, American actress and singer (d. 1979)
    • 1913 – Kan Yuet-keung, Hong Kong banker, lawyer, and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1914 – C. Farris Bryant, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 34th Governor of Florida (d. 2002)
    • 1914 – Erskine Hawkins, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 1993)
    • 1914 – Ellis Kinder, American baseball player (d. 1968)
    • 1916 – Dean Brooks, American physician and actor (d. 2013)
    • 1916 – Jaime Luiz Coelho, Brazilian archbishop (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Marjorie Lord, American actress (d. 2015)
    • 1919 – Virginia Gilmore, American actress (d. 1986)
    • 1919 – James Lovelock, English biologist and chemist
    • 1920 – Bob Waterfield, American football player and coach (d. 1983)
    • 1921 – Tom Saffell, American baseball player and manager (d. 2012)
    • 1921 – Jean Shepherd, American radio host, actor, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
    • 1922 – Blake Edwards, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1922 – Jim Foglesong, American record producer (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Jason Robards, American actor (d. 2000)
    • 1923 – Jan Berenstain, American author and illustrator (d. 2012)
    • 1923 – Hoyt Wilhelm, American baseball player and coach (d. 2002)
    • 1925 – Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-Swedish physician and politician (d. 2000)
    • 1925 – Joseph Engelberger, American physicist and engineer (d. 2015)
    • 1925 – Gene Gutowski, Polish-American producer (d. 2016)
    • 1925 – Ana María Matute, Spanish author and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1926 – James Best, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1926 (1305 SH) – Sadeq Khalkhali, Shia cleric and a religious ruler in the Islamic Republic of Iran (d. 2003)
    • 1926 – Dorothy E. Smith, Canadian sociologist
    • 1927 – Gulabrai Ramchand, Indian cricketer (d. 2003)
    • 1928 – Don Beauman, English race car driver (d. 1955)
    • 1928 – Francesco Cossiga, Italian academic and politician, 8th President of Italy (d. 2010)
    • 1928 – Elliott Erwitt, French-American photographer and director
    • 1928 – Ibn-e-Safi, Indian-Pakistani author and poet (d. 1980)
    • 1928 – Joe Jackson, American talent manager, father of Michael Jackson (d. 2018)
    • 1928 – Stanley Kubrick, American director, producer, screenwriter, and cinematographer (d. 1999)
    • 1928 – Peter Lougheed, Canadian lawyer and politician, 10th Premier of Alberta (d. 2012)
    • 1928 – Sally Oppenheim-Barnes, Baroness Oppenheim-Barnes, Irish-born English politician
    • 1928 – Bernice Rubens, Welsh author (d. 2004)
    • 1929 – Marc Lalonde, Canadian lawyer and politician, 34th Canadian Minister of Justice
    • 1929 – Alexis Weissenberg, Bulgarian-French pianist and educator (d. 2012)
    • 1930 – Plínio de Arruda Sampaio, Brazilian lawyer and politician (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Barbara Jefford, English actress
    • 1931 – Telê Santana, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2006)
    • 1934 – Tommy McDonald, American football player (d. 2018)
    • 1936 – Tsutomu Koyama, Japanese volleyball player and coach (d. 2012)
    • 1936 – Lawrie McMenemy, English footballer and manager
    • 1938 – Bobby Hebb, American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1938 – Keith Peters, Welsh physician and academic
    • 1939 – Jun Henmi, Japanese author and poet (d. 2011)
    • 1939 – John Howard, Australian lawyer and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Australia
    • 1939 – Bob Lilly, American football player and photographer
    • 1939 – Richard Marlow, English organist and conductor (d. 2013)
    • 1940 – Dobie Gray, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1940 – Brian Mawhinney, Baron Mawhinney, Northern Irish-British academic and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
    • 1940 – Bobby Rousseau, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1941 – Jean Baubérot, French historian and sociologist
    • 1941 – Darlene Love, American singer and actress
    • 1941 – Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1942 – Vladimír Mečiar, Slovak politician, 1st Prime Minister of Slovakia
    • 1942 (1321 SH) – Bahman Mofid, Iranian actor
    • 1942 – Teddy Pilette, Belgian race car driver
    • 1943 – Peter Hyams, American director, screenwriter, and cinematographer
    • 1943 – Mick Jagger, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actor
    • 1944 (1323 SH) – Dariush Arjmand, Iranian actor
    • 1945 – Betty Davis, American singer-songwriter
    • 1945 – Helen Mirren, English actress
    • 1946 – Emilio de Villota, Spanish race car driver
    • 1948 – Luboš Andršt, Czech guitarist and songwriter
    • 1948 – Herbert Wiesinger, German figure skater
    • 1949 – Thaksin Shinawatra, Thai businessman and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Thailand
    • 1949 – Roger Taylor, English singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer
    • 1950 – Nelinho, Brazilian footballer and manager
    • 1950 – Nicholas Evans, English journalist, screenwriter, and producer
    • 1950 – Susan George, English actress and producer
    • 1950 – Anne Rafferty, English lawyer and judge
    • 1950 – Rich Vogler, American race car driver (d. 1990)
    • 1951 – Rick Martin, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2011)
    • 1952 – Glynis Breakwell, English psychologist and academic
    • 1953 – Felix Magath, German footballer and manager
    • 1953 – Robert Phillips, American guitarist
    • 1953 – Henk Bleker, Dutch politician
    • 1953 – Earl Tatum, American professional basketball player
    • 1954 – Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player and coach (d. 1994)
    • 1955 – Aleksandrs Starkovs, Latvian footballer and coach
    • 1955 – Asif Ali Zardari, Pakistani businessman and politician, 11th President of Pakistan
    • 1956 – Peter Fincham, English screenwriter and producer
    • 1956 – Dorothy Hamill, American figure skater
    • 1956 – Tommy Rich, American wrestler
    • 1956 – Tim Tremlett, English cricketer and coach
    • 1957 – Norman Baker, Scottish politician
    • 1957 – Nana Visitor, American actress
    • 1958 – Monti Davis, American basketball player (d. 2013)
    • 1958 – Angela Hewitt, Canadian-English pianist
    • 1959 – Rick Bragg, American author and journalist
    • 1959 – Kevin Spacey, American actor and director
    • 1960 (1339 SH) – Mohsen Vezvaei, Iranian commander killed in Iran-Iraq war
    • 1961 – Gary Cherone, American singer-songwriter
    • 1961 – Andy Connell, English keyboard player and songwriter
    • 1961 – Felix Dexter, Caribbean-English comedian and actor (d. 2013)
    • 1963 – Jeff Stoughton, Canadian curler
    • 1964 – Sandra Bullock, American actress and producer
    • 1964 – Ralf Metzenmacher, German painter and designer
    • 1964 – Anne Provoost, Belgian author
    • 1965 – Jeremy Piven, American actor and producer
    • 1965 – Jim Lindberg, American singer and guitarist
    • 1966 – Angelo di Livio, Italian footballer
    • 1967 – Martin Baker, English organist and conductor
    • 1967 – Tim Schafer, American video game designer, founded Double Fine Productions
    • 1967 – Jason Statham, English actor
    • 1968 – Frédéric Diefenthal, French actor and director
    • 1968 – Jim Naismith, Scottish biologist and academic
    • 1968 – Olivia Williams, English actress
    • 1969 – Greg Colbrunn, American baseball player and coach
    • 1969 – Tanni Grey-Thompson, Welsh baroness and wheelchair racer
    • 1971 – Khaled Mahmud, Bangladeshi cricketer and coach
    • 1971 – Chris Harrison, America television personality
    • 1972 – Nathan Buckley, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1973 – Kate Beckinsale, English actress
    • 1973 – Mariano Raffo, Argentinian director and producer
    • 1974 – Iron & Wine, American singer-songwriter
    • 1974 – Kees Meeuws, New Zealand rugby player and coach
    • 1974 – Dean Sturridge, English footballer and sportscaster
    • 1975 – Ingo Schultz, German sprinter
    • 1975 – Joe Smith, American basketball player
    • 1975 – Elizabeth Truss, English accountant and politician, Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
    • 1976 – Elena Kustarova, Russian ice dancer and coach
    • 1976 – Darius Labanauskas, Lithuanian darts player
    • 1977 – Joaquín Benoit, Dominican baseball player
    • 1977 – Martin Laursen, Danish footballer and manager
    • 1977 – Tanja Szewczenko, German figure skater
    • 1979 – Friedrich Michau, German rugby player
    • 1979 – Derek Paravicini, English pianist
    • 1979 – Peter Sarno, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1979 – Erik Westrum, American ice hockey player
    • 1979 – Juliet Rylance, English actress
    • 1980 – Jacinda Ardern, 40th Prime Minister of New Zealand
    • 1980 – Dave Baksh, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1980 – Robert Gallery, American football player
    • 1981 – Abe Forsythe, Australian actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1981 (1360 SH) Mehdi Seyed-Salehi, Iranian soccer player
    • 1981 – Maicon Sisenando, Brazilian footballer
    • 1982 – Gilad Hochman, Israeli composer
    • 1982 – Christopher Kane, Scottish fashion designer
    • 1983 – Kelly Clark, American snowboarder
    • 1983 – Stephen Makinwa, Nigerian footballer
    • 1983 – Roderick Strong, American wrestler
    • 1983 – Naomi van As, Dutch field hockey player
    • 1983 – Ken Wallace, Australian kayaker
    • 1983 – Delonte West, American basketball player
    • 1984 – Kyriakos Ioannou, Cypriot high jumper
    • 1984 – Benjamin Kayser, French rugby player
    • 1984 – Sabri Sarıoğlu, Turkish footballer
    • 1985 – Marcus Benard, American football player
    • 1985 – Gaël Clichy, French footballer
    • 1985 – Audrey De Montigny, Canadian singer-songwriter
    • 1985 – Mat Gamel, American baseball player
    • 1986 – Leonardo Ulloa, Argentinian footballer
    • 1986 – John White, English footballer
    • 1987 – Panagiotis Kone, Greek footballer
    • 1987 – Jordie Benn, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Fredy Montero, Colombian footballer
    • 1988 – Yurie Omi, Japanese female announcer
    • 1988 – Sayaka Akimoto, Filipino–Japanese actress and singer
    • 1991 – Tyson Barrie, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1992 – Marika Koroibete, Fijian rugby player
    • 1993 – Raymond Faitala-Mariner, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1994 – Ella Leivo, Finnish tennis player
    • 1996 – Olivia Breen, British sprinter

    Deaths on July 26

    • 342 – Cheng of Jin, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 321)
    • 432 – Celestine I, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 811 – Nikephoros I, Byzantine emperor
    • 899 – Li Hanzhi, Chinese warlord (b. 842)
    • 943 – Motoyoshi, Japanese nobleman and poet (b. 890)
    • 990 – Fujiwara no Kaneie, Japanese statesman (b. 929)
    • 1380 – Kōmyō, emperor of Japan (b. 1322)
    • 1450 – Cecily Neville, duchess of Warwick (b. 1424)
    • 1471 – Paul II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1417)
    • 1533 – Atahualpa, Inca emperor abducted and murdered by Francisco Pizarro (b. ca. 1500)
    • 1592 – Armand de Gontant, French marshal (b. 1524)
    • 1605 – Miguel de Benavides, Spanish archbishop and sinologist (b. 1552)
    • 1611 – Horio Yoshiharu, Japanese daimyō (b. 1542)
    • 1630 – Charles Emmanual I, duke of Savoy (b. 1562)
    • 1659 – Mary Frith, English female criminal (b. 1584)
    • 1680 – John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet and courtier (b. 1647)
    • 1684 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Italian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1646)
    • 1693 – Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, queen of Sweden (b. 1656)
    • 1712 – Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (b. 1631)
    • 1723 – Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1660)
    • 1801 – Maximilian Francis, archduke of Austria (b. 1756)
    • 1863 – Sam Houston, American general and politician, 7th Governor of Texas (b. 1793)
    • 1867 – Otto, king of Greece (b. 1815)
    • 1899 – Ulises Heureaux, 22nd, 26th, and 27th President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1845)
    • 1915 – James Murray, Scottish lexicographer and philologist (b. 1837)
    • 1919 – Edward Poynter, English painter and illustrator (b. 1836)
    • 1921 – Howard Vernon, Australian actor (b. 1848)
    • 1925 – Antonio Ascari, Italian race car driver (b. 1888)
    • 1925 – Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and philosopher (b. 1848)
    • 1925 – William Jennings Bryan, American lawyer and politician, 41st United States Secretary of State (b. 1860)
    • 1926 – Robert Todd Lincoln, American lawyer and politician, 35th United States Secretary of War, son of Abraham Lincoln (b. 1843)
    • 1930 – Pavlos Karolidis, Greek historian and academic (b. 1849)
    • 1932 – Fred Duesenberg, German-American businessman, co-founded the Duesenberg Company (b. 1876)
    • 1934 – Winsor McCay, American cartoonist, animator, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1871)
    • 1941 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician and academic (b. 1875)
    • 1942 – Roberto Arlt, Argentinian author and playwright (b. 1900)
    • 1951 – James Mitchell, Australian politician, 13th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1866)
    • 1952 – Eva Perón, Argentinian politician, 25th First Lady of Argentina (b. 1919)
    • 1953 – Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician, 135th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1883)
    • 1957 – Carlos Castillo Armas, Authoritarian ruler of Guatemala (1954-1957)
    • 1960 – Cedric Gibbons, British art director and production designer (b. 1893)
    • 1964 – Francis Curzon, 5th Earl Howe, English race car driver and politician (b. 1884)
    • 1968 – Cemal Tollu, Turkish lieutenant and painter (b. 1899)
    • 1970 – Robert Taschereau, Canadian lawyer and jurist, 11th Chief Justice of Canada (b. 1896)
    • 1971 – Diane Arbus, American photographer and academic (b. 1923)
    • 1980 (1359 SH) – Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the second shah (king) of Pahlavi dynasty
    • 1984 – George Gallup, American mathematician and statistician, founded the Gallup Company (b. 1901)
    • 1984 – Ed Gein, American serial killer (b. 1906)
    • 1986 – W. Averell Harriman, American politician and diplomat, 11th United States Secretary of Commerce (b. 1891)
    • 1988 – Fazlur Rahman Malik, Pakistani philosopher, scholar, and academic (b. 1919)
    • 1992 – Mary Wells, American singer-songwriter (b. 1943)
    • 1993 – Matthew Ridgway, American general (b. 1895)
    • 1994 – James Luther Adams, American theologian and academic (b. 1901)
    • 1995 – Laurindo Almeida, Brazilian-American guitarist and composer (b. 1917)
    • 1995 – Raymond Mailloux, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1918)
    • 1995 – George W. Romney, American businessman and politician, 43rd Governor of Michigan (b. 1907)
    • 1996 – Max Winter, American businessman and sports executive (b. 1903)
    • 1999 – Walter Jackson Bate, American author and critic (b. 1918)
    • 1999 – Phaedon Gizikis, Greek general and politician, President of Greece (b. 1917)
    • 2000 – John Tukey, American mathematician and academic (b. 1915)
    • 2001 – Rex T. Barber, American colonel and pilot (b. 1917)
    • 2001 – Peter von Zahn, German journalist and author (b. 1913)
    • 2004 – William A. Mitchell, American chemist, created Pop Rocks and Cool Whip (b. 1911)
    • 2005 – Alexander Golitzen, Russian-born American production designer and art director (b. 1908)
    • 2005 – Jack Hirshleifer, American economist and academic (b. 1925)
    • 2005 – Gilles Marotte, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1945)
    • 2007 – Lars Forssell, Swedish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1928)
    • 2007 – Skip Prosser, American basketball player and coach (b. 1950)
    • 2009 – Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1919)
    • 2010 – Sivakant Tiwari, Indian-Singaporean politician (b. 1945)
    • 2011 – Joe Arroyo, Colombian singer-songwriter and composer (b. 1955)
    • 2011 – Richard Harris, American-Canadian football player and coach (b. 1948)
    • 2011 – Sakyo Komatsu, Japanese author and screenwriter (b. 1931)
    • 2011 – Margaret Olley, Australian painter and philanthropist (b. 1923)
    • 2012 – Don Bagley, American bassist and composer (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Karl Benjamin, American painter and educator (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Miriam Ben-Porat, Russian-Israeli lawyer and jurist (b. 1918)
    • 2012 – Lupe Ontiveros, American actress (b. 1942)
    • 2012 – James D. Watkins, American admiral and politician, 6th United States Secretary of Energy (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Luther F. Cole, American lawyer and politician (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Harley Flanders, American mathematician and academic (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Sung Jae-gi, South Korean philosopher and activist (b. 1967)
    • 2013 – George P. Mitchell, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1919)
    • 2014 – Oleh Babayev, Ukrainian businessman and politician (b. 1965)
    • 2014 – Charles R. Larson, American admiral (b. 1936)
    • 2014 – Richard MacCormac, English architect, founded MJP Architects (b. 1938)
    • 2014 – Sergei O. Prokofieff, Russian anthropologist and author (b. 1954)
    • 2014 – Roland Verhavert, Belgian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1927)
    • 2015 – Bijoy Krishna Handique, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of Mines (b. 1934)
    • 2015 – Flora MacDonald, Canadian banker and politician, 10th Canadian Minister of Communications (b. 1926)
    • 2015 – Leo Reise, Jr., Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1922)
    • 2015 – Ann Rule, American police officer and author (b. 1931)
    • 2017 – June Foray, American voice actress (b. 1917)
    • 2017 – Patti Deutsch, American voice artist and comedic actress (b. 1943)
    • 2017 – Ronald Phillips, American criminal (b. 1973)
    • 2018 – Adem Demaci, Kosovo Albanian politician and writer (b. 1936)
    • 2018 – John Kline, American basketball player (b. 1931)

    Holidays and observances on July 26

    • Christian feast day:
      • Andrew of Phú Yên
      • Anne (Western Christianity)
      • Bartolomea Capitanio
      • Blessed Maria Pierina
      • Joachim (Western Christianity)
      • Paraskevi of Rome (Eastern Orthodox Church)
      • Venera
      • July 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of National Significance (Barbados)
    • Day of the National Rebellion (Cuba)
    • Esperanto Day
    • Independence Day (Liberia), celebrates the independence of Liberia from the American Colonization Society in 1847.
    • Independence Day (Maldives), celebrates the independence of Maldives from the United Kingdom in 1965.
    • Kargil Victory Day or Kargil Vijay Diwas (India)

  • July 23 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum’s treasury.
    • 1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios.
    • 1632 – Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.
    • 1677 – Scanian War: Denmark–Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.
    • 1793 – Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
    • 1813 – Sir Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a British protectorate to a de facto colony.
    • 1821 – While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Asia Minor’s coasts.
    • 1829 – In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
    • 1840 – The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
    • 1862 – American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
    • 1874 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.
    • 1881 – The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
    • 1885 – President Ulysses S. Grant dies of throat cancer.
    • 1903 – The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
    • 1908 – The Second Constitution accepted by the Ottomans.
    • 1914 – Austria-Hungary issues a series of demands in an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia accepts all but one of those demands and Austria declares war on July 28.
    • 1919 – Prince Regent Aleksander Karađorđević signs the decree establishing the University of Ljubljana
    • 1921 – The Communist Party of China (CPC) is established at the founding National Congress.
    • 1926 – Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
    • 1927 – The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay.
    • 1936 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
    • 1940 – The United States’ Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
    • 1942 – World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.
    • 1942 – Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.
    • 1943 – The Rayleigh bath chair murder occurred in Rayleigh, Essex, England.
    • 1943 – World War II: The British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.
    • 1945 – The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain begin.
    • 1952 – General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.
    • 1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.
    • 1962 – Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
    • 1962 – The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.
    • 1962 – Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
    • 1967 – Detroit Riots: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It ultimately kills 43 people, injures 342 and burns about 1,400 buildings.
    • 1968 – Glenville shootout: In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.
    • 1968 – The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, to Lod, Israel.
    • 1970 – Qaboos bin Said al Said becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur initiating massive reforms, modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.
    • 1972 – The United States launches Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite.
    • 1974 – The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece’s metapolitefsi era.
    • 1980 – Phạm Tuân becomes the first Vietnamese citizen and the first Asian in space when he flies aboard the Soyuz 37 mission as an Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut.
    • 1982 – Outside Santa Clarita, California, actor Vic Morrow and two children are killed when a helicopter crashes onto them while shooting a scene from Twilight Zone: The Movie.
    • 1983 – Thirteen Sri Lanka Army soldiers are killed after a deadly ambush by the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
    • 1983 – Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.
    • 1988 – General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.
    • 1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that limiting certain rights of homosexual people and non-married couples is not equivalent to discrimination on grounds of race or gender.
    • 1992 – Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
    • 1995 – Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later.
    • 1997 – Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
    • 1999 – ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
    • 1999 – Space Shuttle Columbia launches on STS-93, with Eileen Collins becoming the first female space shuttle commander. The shuttle also carried and deployed the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
    • 2005 – Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.
    • 2014 – TransAsia Airways Flight 222 crashes in Xixi village near Huxi, Penghu, during approach to Phengu Airport. 48 of the 58 people on board are killed and five more people on the ground are injured.
    • 2015 – NASA announces discovery of Kepler-452b by Kepler.
    • 2016 – Kabul twin bombing occurred in the vicinity of Deh Mazang when protesters, mostly from the Shiite Hazara minority, were marching against route changing of the TUTAP power project. At least 80 people were killed and 260 were injured.
    • 2018 – A wildfire in East Attica, Greece caused the death of 102 people. It was the deadliest wildfire in history of Greece and the second-deadliest in the world, in the 21st century, after the 2009 bushfires in Australia that killed 180.

    Births on July 23

    • 1301 – Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339)
    • 1339 – Louis I, Duke of Anjou (d. 1384)
    • 1370 – Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder, humanist (d. 1444 or 1445)
    • 1401 – Francesco I Sforza, Italian husband of Bianca Maria Visconti (d. 1466)
    • 1441 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1457)
    • 1503 – Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1547)
    • 1614 – Bonaventura Peeters the Elder, Flemish painter (d. 1652)
    • 1635 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, New France garrison commander (d. 1660)
    • 1649 – Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)
    • 1705 – Francis Blomefield, English historian and author (d. 1752)
    • 1713 – Luís António Verney, Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue (d. 1792)
    • 1773 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish general and politician, 6th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860)
    • 1775 – Étienne-Louis Malus, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1812)
    • 1777 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter and illustrator (d. 1810)
    • 1796 – Franz Berwald, Swedish surgeon and composer (d. 1868)
    • 1802 – Manuel María Lombardini, Mexican general and president (1853) (d. 1853)
    • 1823 – Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Canadian archbishop and missionary (d. 1894)
    • 1838 – Édouard Colonne, French violinist and conductor (d. 1910)
    • 1851 – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (d. 1909)
    • 1856 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian lawyer and journalist (d. 1920)
    • 1864 – Apolinario Mabini, Filipino lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Philippines (d. 1903)
    • 1865 – Henry Norris, English businessman and politician (d. 1934)
    • 1866 – Francesco Cilea, Italian composer and academic (d. 1950)
    • 1878 – James Thomas Milton Anderson, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Saskatchewan (d. 1946)
    • 1882 – Kâzım Karabekir, Turkish general and politician, 5th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (b. 1948)
    • 1883 – Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, French-English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of the County of London (d. 1963)
    • 1884 – Emil Jannings, Swiss-German actor (d. 1950)
    • 1885 – Izaak Killam, Canadian financier and philanthropist (d. 1955)
    • 1885 – Georges V. Matchabelli, Georgian-American businessman, created Prince Matchabelli perfume (d. 1935)
    • 1886 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish historian and diplomat (d. 1978)
    • 1886 – Walter H. Schottky, Swiss-German physicist and engineer (d. 1976)
    • 1888 – Raymond Chandler, American crime novelist and screenwriter (d. 1959)
    • 1891 – Louis T. Wright, American surgeon and civil rights activist (d. 1952)
    • 1892 – Haile Selassie, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1975)
    • 1894 – Arthur Treacher, English-American actor and television personality (d. 1975)
    • 1895 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989)
    • 1898 – Daniel Cosío Villegas, Mexican historian, economist (d. 1976)
    • 1898 – Bengt Djurberg, Swedish actor and singer (d. 1941)
    • 1898 – Red Dutton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1987)
    • 1898 – Herman Kruusenberg, Estonian wrestler (d. 1970)
    • 1898 – Jacob Marschak, Ukrainian-American economist, journalist, and author (d. 1977)
    • 1899 – Gustav Heinemann, German lawyer and politician, 3rd President of West Germany (d. 1976)
    • 1900 – Julia Davis Adams, American author and journalist (d. 1993)
    • 1900 – John Babcock, Canadian-American sergeant (d. 2010)
    • 1900 – Inger Margrethe Boberg, Danish folklore researcher and writer (d. 1957)
    • 1901 – Hank Worden, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
    • 1901 – Isabel Luberza Oppenheimer, Puerto Rican brothel owner and madam in barrio Maragüez, Ponce, Puerto Rico (d. 1974)
    • 1905 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian author and educator (d. 2013)
    • 1906 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
    • 1906 – Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian activist (d. 1931)
    • 1912 – M. H. Abrams, American author, critic, and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1912 – Michael Wilding, English actor (d. 1979)
    • 1913 – Michael Foot, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Employment (d. 2010)
    • 1914 – Nassos Daphnis, Greek-American painter (d.2010)
    • 1914 – Virgil Finlay, American illustrator (d. 1971)
    • 1914 – Elly Annie Schneider, German-American actress (d. 2004)
    • 1916 – Laurel Martyn, Australian ballerina and choreographer (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Abraham Bueno de Mesquita, Dutch comedian and actor (d. 2005)
    • 1918 – Ruth Duccini, American actress (d. 2014)
    • 1918 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – Calvert DeForest, American actor (d. 2007)
    • 1922 – Damiano Damiani, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Jenny Pike, Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer (d. 2004)
    • 1923 – Luis Aloma, Cuban-American baseball player (d. 1997)
    • 1923 – Morris Halle, Latvian-American linguist and academic (d. 2018)
    • 1923 – Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer and actress (d. 2001)
    • 1924 – Gavin Lambert, English-American screenwriter and author (d. 2005)
    • 1924 – Gazanfer Bilge, Turkish wrestler (d. 2008)
    • 1925 – Tajuddin Ahmad, Bangladeshi politician, 1st Prime Minister of Bangladesh (d. 1975)
    • 1925 – Quett Masire, Botswana politician, the former Vice-President of Botswana (d. 2017)
    • 1925 – Alain Decaux, French historian and author (d. 2016)
    • 1925 – Gloria DeHaven, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
    • 1926 – Ludvík Vaculík, Czech journalist and author (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Gérard Brach, French director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1928 – Leon Fleisher, American pianist and conductor
    • 1928 – Vera Rubin, American astronomer and academic (d. 2016)
    • 1928 – Hubert Selby, Jr., American author and screenwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1929 – Danny Barcelona, American drummer (d. 2007)
    • 1929 – Lateef Jakande, Nigerian journalist and politician, 5th Governor of Lagos State
    • 1931 – Te Atairangikaahu, Māori queen (d. 2006)
    • 1931 – Claude Fournier, Canadian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer
    • 1931 – Guy Fournier, Canadian author and screenwriter
    • 1933 – Raimund Abraham, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Cultural Forum (d. 2010)
    • 1933 – Bert Convy, American actor, singer, and game show host (d. 1991)
    • 1933 – Benedict Groeschel, American priest, psychologist, and talk show host (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Richard Rogers, Italian-English architect, designed the Millennium Dome and Lloyd’s building
    • 1935 – Jim Hall, American race car driver
    • 1936 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1993)
    • 1936 – Anthony Kennedy, American lawyer and jurist
    • 1937 – Dave Webster, American football player and engineer
    • 1938 – Juliet Anderson, American porn actress and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1938 – Ronny Cox, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1938 – Charles Harrelson, American murderer (d. 2007)
    • 1938 – Bert Newton, Australian actor and television host
    • 1940 – Danielle Collobert, French author, poet, and journalist (d. 1978)
    • 1940 – Don Imus, American radio host (d. 2019)
    • 1940 – Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Finance (d. 2010)
    • 1941 – Christopher Andrew, English historian and academic
    • 1941 – Richie Evans, American race car driver (d. 1985)
    • 1941 – Sergio Mattarella, Italian lawyer, judge, and politician, 12th President of Italy
    • 1942 – Sallyanne Atkinson, Australian journalist and politician, Lord Mayor of Brisbane
    • 1942 – Madeline Bell, American singer-songwriter
    • 1942 – Richard E. Dauch, American businessman, co-founded American Axle (d. 2013)
    • 1942 – Dimitris Liantinis, Greek philosopher and author (d. 1998)
    • 1943 – Randall Forsberg, American scientist (d. 2007)
    • 1943 – Tony Joe White, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2018)
    • 1944 – Dino Danelli, American drummer
    • 1944 – Maria João Pires, Portuguese pianist
    • 1945 – Edward Gregson, English composer and educator
    • 1945 – Jon Sammels, English footballer
    • 1946 – Andy Mackay, English oboe player and composer
    • 1946 – René Ricard, American poet, painter, and critic (d. 2014)
    • 1947 – Gardner Dozois, American journalist and author (d. 2018)
    • 1947 – David Essex, English singer-songwriter, and actor
    • 1947 – Torsten Palm, Swedish race car driver
    • 1947 – Robin Simon, English historian, critic, and academic
    • 1948 – Ross Cranston, Australian-English lawyer, judge, and politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales
    • 1948 – John Cushnahan, Northern Irish educator and politician
    • 1948 – John Hall, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and politician
    • 1948 – Stanisław Targosz, Polish general (d. 2013)
    • 1949 – Clive Rice, South African cricketer and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1950 – Alex Kozinski, Romanian-born American lawyer and judge
    • 1950 – Ian Thomas, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1950 – Blair Thornton, Canadian guitarist and songwriter
    • 1950 – Alan Turner, Australian cricketer
    • 1952 – Paul Hibbert, Australian cricketer and coach (d. 2008)
    • 1952 – Bill Nyrop, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1995)
    • 1952 – John Rutsey, Canadian drummer (d. 2008)
    • 1952 – Janis Siegel, American jazz singer (The Manhattan Transfer)
    • 1953 – Graham Gooch, English cricketer and coach
    • 1953 – Najib Razak, Malaysian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia
    • 1957 – Jo Brand, English comedian, actress, and screenwriter
    • 1957 – Nikos Galis, American basketball player
    • 1957 – Theo van Gogh, Dutch actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1957 – Quentin Willson, English TV presenter, Top Gear.
    • 1958 – Ken Green, American golfer
    • 1958 – Tomy Winata, Indonesian businessman and philanthropist, founded the Artha Graha Peduli Foundation
    • 1959 – Nancy Savoca, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Gary Ella, Australian rugby player
    • 1960 – Susan Graham, American soprano and educator
    • 1960 – Al Perez, American wrestler
    • 1961 – André Ducharme, Canadian comedian and author
    • 1961 – Michael Durant, American pilot and author
    • 1961 – Martin Gore, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1961 – Woody Harrelson, American actor and activist
    • 1961 – Milind Gunaji, Indian actor, model, television show host, and author
    • 1962 – Eriq La Salle, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1962 – Mark Laurie, Australian rugby league player
    • 1962 – Alain Lefèvre, Canadian pianist and composer
    • 1963 – Slobodan Zivojinovic, Serbian tennis player
    • 1964 – Uwe Barth, German politician
    • 1964 – Nick Menza, German drummer and songwriter (d. 2016)
    • 1965 – Rob Dickinson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Slash, English-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1967 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1968 – Elden Campbell, American basketball player
    • 1968 – Gary Payton, American basketball player and actor
    • 1968 – Stephanie Seymour, American model and actress
    • 1969 – Andrew Cassels, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1970 – Charisma Carpenter, American actress
    • 1970 – Thea Dorn, German author and playwright
    • 1970 – Sam Watters, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1971 – Dalvin DeGrate, American rapper and producer
    • 1971 – Alison Krauss, American singer-songwriter and fiddler
    • 1971 – Joel Stein, American journalist
    • 1972 – Suat Kılıç, Turkish journalist, lawyer, and politician, Turkish Minister of Youth and Sports
    • 1972 – Floyd Reifer, Barbadian cricketer and coach
    • 1972 – Marlon Wayans, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1973 – Nomar Garciaparra, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1973 – Fran Healy, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1973 – Himesh Reshammiya, Indian singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and director
    • 1973 – Andrea Scanavacca, Italian rugby player and manager
    • 1974 – Terry Glenn, American football player and coach (d. 2017)
    • 1974 – Maurice Greene, American sprinter
    • 1974 – Rik Verbrugghe, Belgian cyclist
    • 1975 – Dan Rogerson, English politician
    • 1976 – Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess player
    • 1977 – Scott Clemmensen, American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1977 – Gail Emms, English badminton player
    • 1977 – Néicer Reasco, Ecuadorian footballer
    • 1977 – Shawn Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1978 – Stuart Elliott, Northern Irish footballer
    • 1978 – Stefanie Sun, Singaporean singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1978 – Lauren Groff, American novelist and short story writer
    • 1979 – Perro Aguayo Jr., Mexican wrestler and promoter (d. 2015)
    • 1979 – Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Greek footballer
    • 1979 – Richard Sims, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1979 – Ricardo Sperafico, Brazilian race car driver
    • 1979 – Cathleen Tschirch, German sprinter
    • 1980 – Sandeep Parikh, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1980 – Michelle Williams, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
    • 1981 – Steve Jocz, Canadian singer-songwriter, drummer, and director
    • 1981 – Dmitriy Karpov, Kazakhstani decathlete
    • 1981 – Aleksandr Kulik, Estonian footballer
    • 1981 – Jarkko Nieminen, Finnish tennis player
    • 1982 – Ömer Aysan Barış, Turkish footballer
    • 1982 – Joe Mather, American baseball player
    • 1982 – Gökhan Ünal, Turkish footballer
    • 1982 – Gerald Wallace, American basketball player
    • 1982 – Paul Wesley, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1983 – Bec Hewitt, Australian actress
    • 1983 – Aaron Peirsol, American swimmer
    • 1983 – David Strettle, English rugby player
    • 1984 – Walter Gargano, Uruguayan footballer
    • 1984 – Matthew Murphy, English singer and guitarist
    • 1984 – Brandon Roy, American basketball player
    • 1984 – Celeste Thorson, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1985 – Luis Ángel Landín, Mexican footballer
    • 1986 – Aya Uchida, Japanese voice actress and singer
    • 1986 – Nelson Philippe, French race car driver
    • 1986 – Yelena Sokolova, Russian long jumper
    • 1987 – Alessio Cerci, Italian footballer
    • 1987 – Felipe Dylon, Brazilian singer
    • 1987 – Serdar Kurtuluş, Turkish footballer
    • 1989 – Daniel Radcliffe, English actor
    • 1989 – Donald Young, American tennis player
    • 1990 – Kevin Reynolds, Canadian figure skater
    • 1991 – Lauren Mitchell, Australian gymnast
    • 1991 – Jarrod Wallace, Australian rugby league footballer
    • 1992 – Danny Ings, English footballer
    • 1996 – Alexandra Andresen, Norwegian heiress and equestrian

    Deaths on July 23

    • 955 – He Ning, Chinese chancellor (b. 898)
    • 997 – Nuh II, Samanid emir (b. 963)
    • 1100 – Warner of Grez, French nobleman, relative of Godfrey of Bouillon
    • 1227 – Qiu Chuji, Chinese religious leader, founded the Dragon Gate Taoism (b. 1148)
    • 1298 – Thoros III, Armenian king (b. c. 1271)
    • 1373 – Bridget of Sweden, Swedish mystic and saint, founded the Bridgettine Order (b. 1303)
    • 1403 – Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (b. 1343)
    • 1531 – Louis de Brézé, French husband of Diane de Poitiers
    • 1536 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1519)
    • 1562 – Götz von Berlichingen, German knight and poet (b. 1480)
    • 1584 – John Day, English printer (b. 1522)
    • 1596 – Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (b. 1526)
    • 1645 – Michael I, Russian tsar (b. 1596)
    • 1692 – Gilles Ménage, French lawyer, philologist, and scholar (b. 1613)
    • 1727 – Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, English politician, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1661)
    • 1757 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian harpsichord player and composer (b. 1685)
    • 1773 – George Edwards, English biologist and ornithologist (b. 1693)
    • 1781 – John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-American pastor and politician (b. 1724)
    • 1793 – Roger Sherman, American lawyer and politician (b. 1721)
    • 1833 – Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean politician, Chilean Minister of Finance (b. 1777)
    • 1853 – Andries Pretorius, South African general (b. 1798)
    • 1875 – Isaac Singer, American businessman, founded the Singer Corporation (b. 1811)
    • 1878 – Carl von Rokitansky, Bohemian physician, pathologist, and politician (b. 1804)
    • 1885 – Ulysses S. Grant, American general and politician, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)
    • 1904 – John Douglas, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of Queensland (b. 1828)
    • 1909 – Frederick Holder, Australian politician, 19th Premier of South Australia (b. 1850)
    • 1916 – William Ramsay, Scottish-English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
    • 1919 – Spyridon Lambros, Greek historian and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1851)
    • 1920 – Conrad Kohrs, German-American rancher and politician (b. 1835)
    • 1924 – Frank Frost Abbott, American author and scholar (b. 1850)
    • 1926 – Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (b. 1848)
    • 1927 – Reginald Dyer, British brigadier general (b. 1864)
    • 1930 – Glenn Curtiss, American pilot and engineer (b. 1878)
    • 1932 – Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (b. 1884)
    • 1936 – Anna Abrikosova, Russian linguist (b. 1882)
    • 1941 – George Lyman Kittredge, American scholar and educator (b. 1860)
    • 1941 – José Quiñones Gonzales, Peruvian soldier and pilot (b. 1914)
    • 1942 – Adam Czerniaków, Polish engineer and politician (b. 1880)
    • 1942 – Andy Ducat, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1886)
    • 1948 – D. W. Griffith, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1875)
    • 1950 – Shigenori Tōgō, Japanese politician and diplomat, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1882)
    • 1951 – Robert J. Flaherty, American director and producer (b. 1884)
    • 1951 – Philippe Pétain, French general and politician, 119th Prime Minister of France (b. 1856)
    • 1954 – Herman Groman, American runner (b. 1882)
    • 1955 – Cordell Hull, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 47th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)
    • 1957 – Bob Shiring, American football player and coach (b. 1870)
    • 1966 – Montgomery Clift, American actor (b. 1920)
    • 1968 – Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875)
    • 1971 – Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1910)
    • 1972 – Esther Applin, American geologist and paleontologist (b. 1895)
    • 1973 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American pilot and race car driver, founded Rickenbacker Motors (b. 1890)
    • 1979 – Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author (b. 1898)
    • 1980 – Sarto Fournier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 38th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1908)
    • 1980 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboard player and songwriter (b. 1948)
    • 1980 – Mollie Steimer, Russian activist (b. 1897)
    • 1982 – Vic Morrow, American actor (b. 1929)
    • 1983 – Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899)
    • 1985 – Johnny Wardle, English cricketer and manager (b. 1923)
    • 1989 – Donald Barthelme, American short story writer and novelist (b. 1931)
    • 1990 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese engineer (b. 1899)
    • 1996 – Jean Muir, American actress (b. 1911)
    • 1997 – Chūhei Nambu, Japanese jumper and journalist (b. 1904)
    • 1999 – Hassan II of Morocco (b. 1929)
    • 2001 – Eudora Welty, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1909)
    • 2002 – Leo McKern, Australian-English actor (b. 1920)
    • 2002 – William Luther Pierce, American activist and author (b. 1933)
    • 2002 – Chaim Potok, American novelist and rabbi (b. 1929)
    • 2002 – Clark Gesner, American author and composer (b. 1938)
    • 2003 – James E. Davis, American police officer and politician (b. 1962)
    • 2004 – Mehmood Ali, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1932)
    • 2004 – Carlos Paredes, Portuguese guitarist and composer (b. 1925)
    • 2004 – Piero Piccioni, Italian pianist, conductor, and composer (b. 1921)
    • 2005 – Ted Greene, American guitarist and journalist (b. 1946)
    • 2006 – Jean-Paul Desbiens, Canadian journalist and academic (b. 1927)
    • 2007 – Ron Miller, American songwriter and producer (b. 1933)
    • 2007 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, Afghan king (b. 1914)
    • 2008 – Kurt Furgler, Swiss lawyer and politician, 70th President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1924)
    • 2009 – E. Lynn Harris, American author and screenwriter (b. 1955)
    • 2010 – Daniel Schorr, American journalist and author (b. 1916)
    • 2011 – Amy Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (b. 1983)
    • 2012 – Margaret Mahy, New Zealand author (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Sally Ride, American physicist and astronaut (b. 1951)
    • 2012 – Lakshmi Sahgal, Indian soldier and politician (b. 1914)
    • 2012 – Esther Tusquets, Spanish publisher and author (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – José Luis Uribarri, Spanish television host and director (b. 1936)
    • 2013 – Dominguinhos, Brazilian singer-songwriter and accordion player (b. 1941)
    • 2013 – Pauline Clarke, English author (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Arthur J. Collingsworth, American diplomat (b. 1944)
    • 2013 – Emile Griffith, American boxer and trainer (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Kim Jong-hak, South Korean director and producer (b. 1951)
    • 2013 – Djalma Santos, Brazilian footballer (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Dora Bryan, English actress and restaurateur (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Norman Leyden, American composer and conductor (b. 1917)
    • 2014 – Ariano Suassuna, Brazilian author and playwright (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Jordan Tabor, English footballer (b. 1990)
    • 2015 – Shigeko Kubota, Japanese-American sculptor and director (b. 1937)
    • 2015 – Don Oberdorfer, American journalist, author, and academic (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – William Wakefield Baum, American cardinal (b. 1926)
    • 2017 – John Kundla, American basketball coach (b. 1916)

    Holidays and observances on July 23

    • Birthday of Haile Selassie (Rastafari)
    • Children’s Day (Indonesia)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Bridget of Sweden
      • Heiromartyr Phocas (Eastern Orthodox)
      • John Cassian (Western Christianity)
      • Liborius of Le Mans
      • Margarita María
      • Mercè Prat i Prat
      • Rasyphus and Ravennus
      • July 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • National Remembrance Day (Papua New Guinea)
    • Renaissance Day (Oman)
    • Revolution Day (Egypt)

  • July 18- History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
    • 387 BC– Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.
    • 362 – Roman–Persian Wars: Emperor Julian arrives at Antioch with a Roman expeditionary force (60,000 men) and stays there for nine months to launch a campaign against the Persian Empire.
    • 452 – Sack of Aquileia: After an earlier defeat on the Catalaunian Plains, Attila lays siege to the metropolis of Aquileia and eventually destroys it.
    • 645 – Chinese forces under general Li Shiji besiege the strategic fortress city of Anshi (Liaoning) during the Goguryeo–Tang War.
    • 1195 – Battle of Alarcos: Almohad forces defeat the Castilian army of Alfonso VIII and force its retreat to Toledo.
    • 1290 – King Edward I of England issues the Edict of Expulsion, banishing all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from England; this was Tisha B’Av on the Hebrew calendar, a day that commemorates many Jewish calamities.
    • 1334 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundation stone for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral, designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone.
    • 1389 – France and England agree to the Truce of Leulinghem, inaugurating a 13-year peace, the longest period of sustained peace during the Hundred Years’ War.
    • 1391 – Tokhtamysh–Timur war: Battle of the Kondurcha River: Timur defeats Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde in present-day southeast Russia.
    • 1507 – In Brussels, Prince Charles I, is crowned Duke of Burgundy and Count of Flanders, a year after inheriting the title.
    • 1555 – The College of Arms is reincorporated by Royal charter signed by Queen Mary I of England and King Philip II of Spain.
    • 1806 – A gunpowder magazine explosion in Birgu, Malta, kills around 200 people.
    • 1812 – The Treaties of Orebro end both the Anglo-Russian and Anglo-Swedish Wars.
    • 1841 – Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil.
    • 1857 – Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall’s war against the French.
    • 1862 – First ascent of Dent Blanche, one of the highest summits in the Alps.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: Second Battle of Fort Wagner: One of the first formal African American military units, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, supported by several white regiments, attempts an unsuccessful assault on Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
    • 1870 – The First Vatican Council decrees the dogma of papal infallibility.
    • 1872 – The Ballot Act 1872 in the United Kingdom introduced the requirement that parliamentary and local government elections be held by secret ballot.
    • 1914 – The U.S. Congress forms the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, giving official status to aircraft within the U.S. Army for the first time.
    • 1925 – Adolf Hitler publishes Mein Kampf.
    • 1936 – On the Spanish mainland, a faction of the army supported by fascists, rises up against the Second Spanish Republic in a coup d’etat starting the 3-year-long Civil War, resulting in the longest dictatorship in modern European history.
    • 1942 – World War II: During the Beisfjord massacre in Norway, 15 Norwegian paramilitary guards help members of the SS to kill 288 political prisoners from Yugoslavia.
    • 1942 – The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me 262 using its jet engines for the first time.
    • 1944 – World War II: Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan because of numerous setbacks in the war effort.
    • 1966 – Human spaceflight: Gemini 10 is launched from Cape Kennedy on a 70-hour mission that includes docking with an orbiting Agena target vehicle.
    • 1966 – A racially charged incident in a bar sparks the six-day Hough riots in Cleveland, Ohio; 1,700 Ohio National Guard troops intervene to restore order.
    • 1968 – Intel is founded in Mountain View, California.
    • 1976 – Nadia Comăneci becomes the first person in Olympic Games history to score a perfect 10 in gymnastics at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
    • 1982 – Two hundred sixty-eight Guatemalan campesinos (“peasants” or “country people”) are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre.
    • 1984 – McDonald’s massacre in San Ysidro, California: In a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty opens fire, killing 21 people and injuring 19 others before being shot dead by police.
    • 1992 – A picture of Les Horribles Cernettes was taken, which became the first ever photo posted to the World Wide Web.
    • 1994 – The bombing of the Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina (Argentine Jewish Community Center) in Buenos Aires kills 85 people (mostly Jewish) and injures 300.
    • 1994 – Rwandan genocide: The Rwandan Patriotic Front takes control of Gisenyi and north western Rwanda, forcing the interim government into Zaire and ending the genocide.
    • 1995 – On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufrière Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital, forcing most of the population to flee.
    • 1996 – Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River, beginning one of Quebec’s costliest natural disasters ever.
    • 1996 – Battle of Mullaitivu: The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam capture the Sri Lanka Army’s base, killing over 1200 soldiers.
    • 2012 – At least seven people are killed and 32 others are injured after a bomb explodes on an Israeli tour bus at Burgas Airport, Bulgaria.
    • 2013 – The Government of Detroit, with up to $20 billion in debt, files for the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history.
    • 2019 – A man sets fire to an anime studio in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan, killing at 35 people and injuring dozens of others.

    Births on July 18

    • 1013 – Hermann of Reichenau, German composer, mathematician, and astronomer (b. 1013)
    • 1501 – Isabella of Austria, queen of Denmark (d. 1526)
    • 1504 – Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss pastor and reformer (d. 1575)
    • 1534 – Zacharius Ursinus, German theologian (d. 1583)
    • 1552 – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
    • 1634 – Johannes Camphuys, Dutch politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)
    • 1659 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
    • 1670 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (d. 1747)
    • 1702 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (d. 1735)
    • 1718 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian poet, playwright, and critic (d. 1808)
    • 1720 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist and ecologist (d. 1793)
    • 1724 – Maria Antonia of Bavaria, Electress of Saxony (d. 1780)
    • 1750 – Frederick Adolf, duke of Östergötland (d. 1803)
    • 1796 – Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher and academic (d. 1879)
    • 1811 – William Makepeace Thackeray, English author and poet (d. 1863)
    • 1818 – Louis Gerhard De Geer, Swedish lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1896)
    • 1821 – Pauline Viardot, French soprano and composer (d. 1910)
    • 1837 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian priest and activist (d. 1873)
    • 1843 – Virgil Earp, American marshal (d. 1905)
    • 1845 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (d. 1875)
    • 1848 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer and physician (d. 1915)
    • 1853 – Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
    • 1861 – Kadambini Ganguly, Indian physician, one of the first Indian women to obtain a degree (d. 1923)
    • 1864 – Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1937)
    • 1867 – Margaret Brown, American philanthropist and activist (d. 1932)
    • 1871 – Giacomo Balla, Italian painter (d.1958)
    • 1871 – Sada Yacco, Japanese actress and dancer (d. 1946)
    • 1881 – Larry McLean, Canadian-American baseball player (d. 1921)
    • 1884 – Alberto di Jorio, Italian cardinal (d. 1979)
    • 1886 – Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr., American general (d. 1945)
    • 1887 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian military officer and politician, Minister President of Norway (d. 1945)
    • 1889 – Kōichi Kido, Japanese politician, 13th Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan (d. 1977)
    • 1890 – Frank Forde, Australian educator and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983)
    • 1892 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (d. 1969)
    • 1893 – David Ogilvy, 12th Earl of Airlie, Scottish peer, soldier and courtier (d. 1968)
    • 1895 – Olga Spessivtseva, Russian-American ballerina (d. 1991)
    • 1895 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (d. 1954)
    • 1897 – Ernest Eldridge, English race car driver and engineer (d. 1935)
    • 1898 – John Stuart, Scottish-English actor (d. 1979)
    • 1899 – Ernst Scheller, German soldier and politician, 8th Mayor of Marburg (d. 1942)
    • 1900 – Nathalie Sarraute, French lawyer and author (d. 1999)
    • 1902 – Jessamyn West, American author (d. 1984)
    • 1902 – Chill Wills, American actor (d. 1978)
    • 1905 – Robert Elton Brooker, American business executive (d. 2000)
    • 1906 – S. I. Hayakawa, Canadian-American academic and politician (d. 1992)
    • 1906 – Clifford Odets, American director, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1963)
    • 1908 – Peace Pilgrim, American mystic and activist (d. 1981)
    • 1908 – Lupe Vélez, Mexican-American actress and dancer (d. 1944)
    • 1908 – Beatrice Aitchison, American mathematician, statistician, and transportation economist (d. 1997)
    • 1909 – Bishnu Dey, Indian poet, critic, and academic (d. 1982)
    • 1909 – Andrei Gromyko, Belarusian-Russian economist and politician, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1989)
    • 1909 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, Afghan commander and politician, 1st President of Afghanistan (d. 1978)
    • 1909 – Harriet Nelson, American singer and actress (d. 1994)
    • 1910 – Diptendu Pramanick, Indian businessman (d. 1989)
    • 1910 – Mamadou Dia, Senegalese politician; 1st Prime Minister of Senegal (d. 2009)
    • 1911 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian-American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
    • 1913 – Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (d. 1997)
    • 1914 – Gino Bartali, Italian cyclist (d. 2000)
    • 1914 – Oscar Heisserer, French footballer (d. 2004)
    • 1915 – Carequinha, Brazilian clown and actor (d. 2006)
    • 1915 – Roxana Cannon Arsht, American judge (d. 2003)
    • 1915 – Louis Le Bailly, British Royal Navy officer (d. 2010)
    • 1916 – Charles Kittel, American physicist (d. 2019)
    • 1917 – Henri Salvador, French singer and guitarist (d. 2008)
    • 1917 – Paul Streeten, Austrian-born British economics professor (d. 2019)
    • 1918 – Nelson Mandela, South African lawyer and politician, 1st President of South Africa, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
    • 1919 – Lilia Dale, Italian actress
    • 1920 – Eric Brandon, English race car driver and businessman (d. 1982)
    • 1921 – Peter Austin, English brewer, founded Ringwood Brewery (d. 2014)
    • 1921 – Aaron T. Beck, American psychiatrist and academic
    • 1921 – John Glenn, American colonel, astronaut, and politician (d. 2016)
    • 1921 – Richard Leacock, English-French director and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1921 – Heinz Bennent, German actor (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Thomas Kuhn, American physicist, historian, and philosopher (d. 1996)
    • 1923 – Jerome H. Lemelson, American engineer and businessman (d. 1997)
    • 1923 – Michael Medwin, English actor (d. 2020)
    • 1924 – Inge Sørensen, Danish swimmer (d. 2011)
    • 1924 – Tullio Altamura, Italian actor
    • 1925 – Shirley Strickland, Australian runner and hurdler (d. 2004)
    • 1925 – Friedrich Zimmermann, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of the Interior (d. 2012)
    • 1925 – Raymond Jones, Australian Modernist architect
    • 1925 – Windy McCall, American baseball relief pitcher (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Margaret Laurence, Canadian author and academic (d. 1987)
    • 1926 – Nita Bieber, American actress (d. 2019)
    • 1926 – Bernard Pons, French politician and medical doctor
    • 1926 – Maunu Kurkvaara, Finnish film director and screenwriter
    • 1927 – Mehdi Hassan, Pakistani ghazal singer and playback singer (d. 2012)
    • 1927 – Kurt Masur, German conductor and educator (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Antonio García-Trevijano, Spanish republican, political activist, and author (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – Keith MacDonald, Canadian politician
    • 1927 – Anthony Mirra, American gangster, member of the Bonanno Crime Family (d. 1982)
    • 1928 – Andrea Gallo, Italian priest and author (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Baddiewinkle, American internet personality
    • 1929 – Dick Button, American figure skater and actor
    • 1929 – Screamin’ Jay Hawkins, American R&B singer-songwriter, musician, and actor (d. 2000)
    • 1932 – Robert Ellis Miller, American director and screenwriter (d. 2017)
    • 1933 – Jean Yanne, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
    • 1933 – Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet and playwright (d. 2017)
    • 1934 – Edward Bond, English director, playwright, and screenwriter
    • 1934 – Darlene Conley, American actress (d. 2007)
    • 1935 – Tenley Albright, American figure skater and physician
    • 1935 – Jayendra Saraswathi, Indian guru, 69th Shankaracharya
    • 1937 – Roald Hoffmann, Polish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1937 – Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2005)
    • 1938 – John Connelly, English footballer (d. 2012)
    • 1938 – Ian Stewart, Scottish keyboard player and manager (d. 1985)
    • 1938 – Paul Verhoeven, Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1939 – Brian Auger, English rock and jazz keyboard player
    • 1939 – Dion DiMucci, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1939 – Jerry Moore, American football player and coach
    • 1940 – James Brolin, American actor
    • 1940 – Joe Torre, American baseball player and manager
    • 1941 – Frank Farian, German songwriter and producer
    • 1941 – Lonnie Mack, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
    • 1941 – Martha Reeves, American singer and politician
    • 1942 – Giacinto Facchetti, Italian footballer (d. 2006)
    • 1942 – Adolf Ogi, Swiss politician, 84th President of the Swiss Confederation
    • 1943 – Joseph J. Ellis, American historian and author
    • 1944 – David Hemery, English hurdler and author
    • 1945 – Pat Doherty, Irish Republican politician
    • 1946 – Kalpana Mohan, Indian actress
    • 1946 – John Naughton, Scottish-Irish journalist, author, and academic
    • 1947 – Steve Forbes, American publisher and politician
    • 1948 – Carlos Colón Sr., Puerto Rican-American wrestler and promoter
    • 1948 – Jeanne Córdova, American journalist and activist (d. 2016)
    • 1948 – Graham Spanier, 16th President of Pennsylvania State University
    • 1948 – Hartmut Michel, German biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1949 – Dennis Lillee, Australian cricketer and coach
    • 1950 – Richard Branson, English businessman, founded Virgin Group
    • 1950 – Jack Dongarra, American computer scientist and academic
    • 1950 – Kostas Eleftherakis, Greek footballer
    • 1950 – Glenn Hughes, American disco singer (Village People) and actor (d. 2001)
    • 1950 – Jack Layton, Canadian political scientist, academic, and politician (d. 2011)
    • 1950 – Mark Udall, American educator and politician
    • 1951 – Elio Di Rupo, Belgian chemist, academic, and politician, 68th Prime Minister of Belgium
    • 1951 – Margo Martindale, American actress
    • 1954 – Ricky Skaggs, American singer-songwriter, mandolin player, and producer
    • 1955 – Bernd Fasching, Austrian painter and sculptor
    • 1957 – Nick Faldo, English golfer and sportscaster
    • 1957 – Keith Levene, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1960 – Simon Heffer, English journalist and author
    • 1961 – Elizabeth McGovern, American actress
    • 1961 – Alan Pardew, English footballer and manager
    • 1961 – Pasi Rautiainen, Finnish footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1962 – Shaun Micallef, Australian comedian, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1963 – Marc Girardelli, Austrian-Luxembourgian skier
    • 1963 – Martín Torrijos, Panamanian economist and politician, 35th President of Panama
    • 1964 – Wendy Williams, American talk show host
    • 1965 – Vesselina Kasarova, Bulgarian soprano
    • 1966 – Dan O’Brien, American decathlete and coach
    • 1967 – Vin Diesel, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter1968 – Grant Bowler, New Zealand-Australian actor
    • 1968 – Scott Gourley, Australian rugby player
    • 1969 – Elizabeth Gilbert, American author
    • 1969 – The Great Sasuke, Japanese wrestler and politician
    • 1971 – Penny Hardaway, American basketball player and coach
    • 1971 – Sukhwinder Singh, Indian singer-songwriter and actor
    • 1974 – Alan Morrison, British poet
    • 1975 – Torii Hunter, American baseball player
    • 1975 – Daron Malakian, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1975 – M.I.A., English rapper and producer5
    • 1976 – Elsa Pataky, Spanish actress
    • 1976 – Go Soo-hee, South Korean actress
    • 1977 – Alexander Morozevich, Russian chess player and author
    • 1978 – Adabel Guerrero, Argentinian actress, singer, and dancer
    • 1978 – Shane Horgan, Irish rugby player and sportscaster
    • 1978 – Crystal Mangum, American murderer responsible for making false rape allegations in the Duke lacrosse case
    • 1978 – Joo Sang-wook, South Korean actor
    • 1978 – Ben Sheets, American baseball player and coach
    • 1978 – Mélissa Theuriau, French journalist
    • 1979 – Deion Branch, American football player
    • 1979 – Joey Mercury, American wrestler and producer
    • 1980 – Kristen Bell, American actress
    • 1981 – Dennis Seidenberg, German ice hockey player
    • 1982 – Ryan Cabrera, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1982 – Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress, singer, and film producer
    • 1982 – Carlo Costly, Honduran footballer
    • 1983 – Carlos Diogo, Uruguayan footballer
    • 1983 – Aaron Gillespie, American singer-songwriter and drummer
    • 1983 – Mikk Pahapill, Estonian decathlete
    • 1983 – Jan Schlaudraff, German footballer
    • 1985 – Chace Crawford, American actor
    • 1985 – Panagiotis Lagos, Greek footballer
    • 1985 – James Norton, English actor
    • 1986 – Natalia Mikhailova, Russian ice dancer
    • 1987 – Tontowi Ahmad, Indonesian badminton player
    • 1988 – Änis Ben-Hatira, German-Tunisian footballer
    • 1988 – César Villaluz, Mexican footballer
    • 1989 – Jamie Benn, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1989 – Sebastian Mielitz, German footballer
    • 1989 – Yohan Mollo, French footballer
    • 1993 – Lee Tae-min, South Korean singer and actor
    • 1993 – Michael Lichaa, Australian rugby league player
    • 1994 – Nilo Soares, East Timorese footballer
    • 1997 – Noah Lyles, American sprinter
    • 2001 – Agustina Roth, Argentine BMX rider

    Deaths on July 18

    • 707 – Emperor Monmu of Japan (b. 683)
    • 715 – Muhammad bin Qasim, Umayyad general (b. 695)
    • 912 – Zhu Wen, Chinese emperor (b. 852)
    • 924 – Abu’l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Furat, Abbasid vizier (b. 855)
    • 928 – Stephen II, patriarch of Constantinople
    • 984 – Dietrich I, bishop of Metz
    • 1100 – Godfrey of Bouillon, Frankish knight (b. 1016)
    • 1185 – Stefan, first Archbishop of Uppsala (b. before 1143)
    • 1194 – Guy of Lusignan, king consort of Jerusalem (b. c. 1150)
    • 1232 – John de Braose, Marcher Lord of Bramber and Gower
    • 1270 – Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury
    • 1300 – Gerard Segarelli, Italian religious leader, founded the Apostolic Brethren (b. 1240)
    • 1450 – Francis I, Duke of Brittany (b. 1414)
    • 1488 – Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)
    • 1566 – Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish bishop and historian (b. 1484)
    • 1591 – Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)
    • 1608 – Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1546)
    • 1610 – Caravaggio, Italian painter (b. 1571)
    • 1639 – Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)
    • 1650 – Robert Levinz, English Royalist, hanged in London by Parliamentary forces as a spy (b. 1615)
    • 1695 – Johannes Camphuys, Dutch politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
    • 1698 – Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian and author (b. 1633)
    • 1721 – Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (b. 1684)
    • 1730 – François de Neufville, duc de Villeroy, French general (b. 1644)
    • 1756 – Pieter Langendijk, Dutch poet and playwright (b. 1683)
    • 1792 – John Paul Jones, Scottish-American admiral and diplomat (b. 1747)
    • 1817 – Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)
    • 1837 – Vincenzo Borg, Maltese merchant and rebel leader (b. 1777)
    • 1863 – Robert Gould Shaw, American colonel (b. 1837)
    • 1872 – Benito Juárez, Mexican lawyer and politician, 26th President of Mexico (b. 1806)
    • 1884 – Ferdinand von Hochstetter, Austrian geologist and academic (b. 1829)
    • 1887 – Dorothea Dix, American social reformer and activist (b. 1802)
    • 1890 – Lydia Becker, English journalist, author, and activist, co-founded the Women’s Suffrage Journal (b. 1827)
    • 1892 – Thomas Cook, English travel agent, founded the Thomas Cook Group (b. 1808)
    • 1899 – Horatio Alger, American novelist and journalist (b. 1832)
    • 1916 – Benjamin C. Truman, American journalist and author (b. 1835)
    • 1925 – Louis-Nazaire Bégin, Canadian cardinal (b. 1840)
    • 1932 – Jean Jules Jusserand, French author and diplomat, French Ambassador to the United States (b. 1855)
    • 1937 – Julian Bell, English poet and academic (b. 1908)
    • 1938 – Marie of Romania (b. 1875)
    • 1944 – Thomas Sturge Moore, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1870)
    • 1947 – Evald Tipner, Estonian footballer and ice hockey player (b. 1906)
    • 1948 – Herman Gummerus, Finnish historian, academic, and politician (b. 1877)
    • 1949 – Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer and educator (b. 1870)
    • 1949 – Francisco Javier Arana, Guatemalan Army colonel and briefly Guatemalan head of state (b.1905)
    • 1950 – Carl Clinton Van Doren, American critic and biographer (b. 1885)
    • 1952 – Paul Saintenoy, Belgian architect and historian (b. 1862)
    • 1954 – Machine Gun Kelly, American gangster (b. 1895)
    • 1966 – Bobby Fuller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
    • 1968 – Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
    • 1969 – Mary Jo Kopechne, American educator and secretary (b. 1940)
    • 1973 – Jack Hawkins, English actor (b. 1910)
    • 1975 – Vaughn Bodē, American illustrator (b. 1941)
    • 1981 – Sonja Branting-Westerståhl, Swedish lawyer (b. 1890)
    • 1982 – Roman Jakobson, Russian–American linguist and theorist (b. 1896)
    • 1984 – Lally Bowers, English actress (b. 1914)
    • 1984 – Grigori Kromanov, Estonian director and screenwriter (b. 1926)
    • 1987 – Gilberto Freyre, Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian, writer, painter, journalist and congressman (b. 1907)
    • 1988 – Nico, German singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and actress (b. 1938)
    • 1988 – Joly Braga Santos, Portuguese composer and conductor (b. 1924)
    • 1989 – Donnie Moore, American baseball player (b. 1954)
    • 1989 – Rebecca Schaeffer, American model and actress (b.1967)
    • 1990 – Karl Menninger, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1896)
    • 1990 – Yun Posun, South Korean politician, 2nd President of South Korea (b. 1897)
    • 2001 – Mimi Fariña, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1945)
    • 2002 – Metin Toker, Turkish journalist and author (b. 1924)
    • 2004 – André Castelot, Belgian-French historian and author (b. 1911)
    • 2004 – Émile Peynaud, French wine maker (b. 1912)
    • 2005 – Amy Gillett, Australian cyclist and rower (b. 1976)
    • 2005 – William Westmoreland, American general (b. 1914)
    • 2006 – Henry Hewes, American theater writer (b. 1917)
    • 2007 – Jerry Hadley, American tenor (b. 1952)
    • 2007 – Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese politician (b. 1908)
    • 2009 – Henry Allingham, English soldier (b. 1896)
    • 2009 – Jill Balcon, English actress (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Yosef Shalom Eliashiv, Lithuanian-Israeli rabbi and author (b. 1910)
    • 2012 – Jean François-Poncet, French politician and diplomat, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Dawoud Rajiha, Syrian general and politician, Syrian Minister of Defense (b. 1947)
    • 2012 – Assef Shawkat, Syrian general and politician (b. 1950)
    • 2012 – Hasan Turkmani, Syrian general and politician, Syrian Minister of Defense (b. 1935)
    • 2012 – Rajesh Khanna, Indian actor (b. 1942)
    • 2013 – Vaali, Indian poet, songwriter, and actor (b. 1931)
    • 2013 – Olivier Ameisen, French-American cardiologist and academic (b. 1953)
    • 2014 – Andreas Biermann, German footballer (b. 1980)
    • 2014 – João Ubaldo Ribeiro, Brazilian journalist, author, and academic (b. 1941)
    • 2014 – Dietmar Schönherr, Austrian-Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
    • 2015 – Alex Rocco, American actor (b. 1936)
    • 2018 – Jonathan Gold, American food critic (b. 1960)
    • 2018 – Adrian Cronauer, American Radio personality (b. 1938)

    Holidays and observances on July 18

    • Christian feast day:
      • Arnulf of Metz
      • Bartolomé de las Casas (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • Bruno of Segni
      • Camillus de Lellis (optional memorial, United States only)
      • Eadburh (or Edburga) of Bicester
      • Elizabeth Ferard (Church of England)
      • Frederick of Utrecht
      • Goneri of Brittany
      • Gundenis
      • Marina of Aguas Santas
      • Maternus of Milan
      • Minnborinus of Cologne
      • Pambo
      • Philastrius (or Filaster)
      • Symphorosa
      • Teneu (or Theneva)
      • Theodosia of Constantinople
      • July 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Constitution Day (Uruguay)
    • Nelson Mandela International Day

  • July 14 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    July 14 in History

    • 756 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Xuanzong flees the capital Chang’an as An Lushan’s forces advance toward the city.
    • 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
    • 1420 – Battle of Vítkov Hill, decisive victory of Czech Hussite forces commanded by Jan Žižka against Crusade army led by Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor.
    • 1769 – An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá leaves its base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).
    • 1771 – Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.
    • 1789 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille.
    • 1789 – Alexander Mackenzie finally completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean. Later named after him, the Mackenzie is the second-longest river system in North America.
    • 1790 – French Revolution: Citizens of Paris celebrate the unity of the French people and the national reconciliation in the Fête de la Fédération.
    • 1791 – The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.
    • 1798 – The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
    • 1853 – Opening of the first major US world’s fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.
    • 1865 – The first ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
    • 1874 – The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago’s city council.
    • 1877 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began in Martinsburg, West Virginia when wages of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers were cut for the third time in a year. The strike was ended on Sept 4 by local and state militias and federal troops.
    • 1881 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
    • 1900 – Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.
    • 1902 – The Campanile in St Mark’s Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.
    • 1911 – Harry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright brothers, lands his airplane at the South Lawn of the White House. He is later awarded a Gold medal from U.S. President William Howard Taft for this feat.
    • 1915 – World War I: The McMahon–Hussein Correspondence between Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca and the British official Henry McMahon concerning the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire begins.
    • 1916 – World War I: Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme, which was to last until 3 September 1916.
    • 1928 – New Vietnam Revolutionary Party is founded in Huế, providing some of the communist party’s most important leaders in its early years.
    • 1933 – Gleichschaltung: In Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.
    • 1933 – The Nazi eugenics begins with the proclamation of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring that calls for the compulsory sterilization of any citizen who suffers from alleged genetic disorders.
    • 1938 – Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91-hour airplane flight around the world.
    • 1940 – People’s Seimas held parliamentary elections, and the Union of Labor Lithuania (ULL) won, paving the way for Lithuania to become Lithuanian SSR; Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, consolidating into the Soviet Union on July 21, 1940.
    • 1943 – In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.
    • 1948 – Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded near the Italian Parliament.
    • 1950 – Korean War: North Korean troops initiate the Battle of Taejon.
    • 1957 – Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world.
    • 1958 – Iraqi Revolution: In Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abd al-Karim Qasim, who becomes the nation’s new leader.
    • 1960 – Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild.
    • 1965 – The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.
    • 1969 – Football War: After Honduras loses a soccer match against El Salvador, riots break out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers.
    • 1969 – The Federal Reserve Banks begins removing large denominations of United States currency from circulation.
    • 1976 – Capital punishment is abolished in Canada.
    • 1992 – 386BSD is released by Lynne Jolitz and William Jolitz beginning the Open Source operating system revolution. Linus Torvalds releases his Linux soon afterwards.
    • 2002 – French President Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed during Bastille Day celebrations.
    • 2003 – Hurricane Claudette gathers strength over the Gulf of Mexico and heads for the Texas coast, killing two people.
    • 2013 – The dedication of statue of Rachel Carson, a sculpture named for the environmentalist, in Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
    • 2015 – NASA’s New Horizons probe performs the first flyby of Pluto, and thus completes the initial survey of the Solar System.
    • 2016 – A terrorist vehicular attack in Nice, France kills 86 civilians and injures over 400 others.

    Births on July 14

    • 926 – Murakami, emperor of Japan (d. 967)
    • 1410 – Arnold, Duke of Guelders, (d. 1473)
    • 1448 – Philip, Elector Palatine (d. 1508)
    • 1454 – Poliziano, Italian poet and scholar (d. 1494)
    • 1515 – Philip I, Duke of Pomerania (d. 1560)
    • 1602 – Cardinal Mazarin, Italian-French cardinal and politician, 2nd Chief Minister of the French Monarch (d. 1661)
    • 1608 – George Goring, Lord Goring, English general (d. 1657)
    • 1610 – Ferdinando II de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
    • 1634 – Pasquier Quesnel, French priest and theologian (d. 1719)
    • 1671 – Jacques d’Allonville, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1732)
    • 1675 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French general (d. 1747)
    • 1676 – Caspar Abel, German historian, poet, and theologian (d. 1763)
    • 1696 – William Oldys, English historian and author (d. 17610
    • 1721 – John Douglas, Scottish bishop and scholar (d. 1807)
    • 1743 – Gavrila Derzhavin, Russian poet and politician (d. 1816)
    • 1755 – Michel de Beaupuy, French general (d. 1796)
    • 1785 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American journalist, playwright, and diplomat (d. 1851)
    • 1795 – Eleanor Anne Porden, British Romantic poet; wife of the explorer, John Franklin (d. 1825)
    • 1801 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist and anatomist (d. 1858)
    • 1816 – Arthur de Gobineau, French author and diplomat (d. 1882)
    • 1829 – Edward Benson, English archbishop (d. 1896)
    • 1859 – Willy Hess, German violinist and educator (d. 1928)
    • 1861 – Kate M. Gordon, American activist (d. 1931)
    • 1862 – Florence Bascom, American geologist and educator (d. 1945)
    • 1862 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and illustrator (d. 1918)
    • 1863 – Arthur Coningham, Australian cricketer (d. 1939)
    • 1865 – Arthur Capper, American journalist and politician, 20th Governor of Kansas (d. 1951)
    • 1866 – Juliette Wytsman, Belgian painter (d. 1925)
    • 1868 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist and spy (d. 1926)
    • 1872 – Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939)
    • 1874 – Abbas II of Egypt (d. 1944)
    • 1874 – Crawford Vaughan, Australian politician, 27th Premier of South Australia (d. 1947)
    • 1878 – Donald Meek, Scottish actor (d. 1946)
    • 1885 – Sisavang Vong, Laotian king (d. 1959)
    • 1888 – Scipio Slataper, Italian author and critic (d. 1915)
    • 1889 – Marco de Gastyne, French painter and illustrator (d. 1982)
    • 1889 – Ante Pavelić, Croatian fascist dictator during World War II (d. 1959)
    • 1893 – Clarence J. Brown, American publisher and politician, 36th Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (d. 1965)
    • 1893 – Garimella Satyanarayana, Indian poet and author (d. 1952)
    • 1894 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, director, and producer (d. 1979)
    • 1896 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish soldier and anarchist (d. 1936)
    • 1898 – Happy Chandler, American lawyer and politician, 49th Governor of Kentucky, second Commissioner of Baseball (d. 1991)
    • 1901 – Gerald Finzi, English composer and academic (d. 1956)
    • 1901 – George Tobias, American actor (d. 1980)
    • 1903 – Irving Stone, American author and educator (d. 1989)
    • 1906 – Tom Carvel, Greek-American businessman, founded Carvel (d. 1990)
    • 1906 – William H. Tunner, American general (d. 1983)
    • 1907 – Chico Landi, Brazilian race car driver (d. 1989)
    • 1910 – William Hanna, American animator, director, producer, and actor, co-founded Hanna-Barbera (d. 2001)
    • 1911 – Pavel Prudnikau, Belarusian poet and author (d. 2000)
    • 1912 – Woody Guthrie, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1967)
    • 1912 – Buddy Moreno, American musician (d. 2015)
    • 1913 – Gerald Ford, American commander, lawyer, and politician, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
    • 1914 – Fred Fox, French musician (d. 2019)
    • 1918 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
    • 1918 – Arthur Laurents, American director, screenwriter, and playwright (d. 20110
    • 1918 – Jay Wright Forrester, American computer engineer and systems scientist (d. 2016)
    • 1920 – Shankarrao Chavan, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of Finance (d. 2004)
    • 1920 – Marijohn Wilkin, American country and gospel songwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1921 – Sixto Durán Ballén, American-Ecuadorian architect and politician, 48th President of Ecuador (d. 2016)
    • 1921 – Leon Garfield, English author (d. 1996)
    • 1921 – Armand Gaudreault, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
    • 1921 – Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
    • 1922 – Robin Olds, American general and pilot (d. 2007)
    • 1922 – Elfriede Rinkel, German SS officer (d. 2018)
    • 1922 – Käbi Laretei, Estonian-Swedish concert pianist (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – René Favaloro, Argentine surgeon and cardiologist (d. 2000)
    • 1923 – Dale Robertson, American actor (d. 2013)
    • 1923 – Robert Zildjian, American businessman, founded Sabian (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Warren Giese, American football player, coach, and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Bruce L. Douglas, American politician
    • 1926 – Wallace Jones, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1926 – Harry Dean Stanton, American actor, musician, and singer (d. 2017)
    • 1926 – Himayat Ali Shair, Urdu poet (d. 2019)
    • 1927 – John Chancellor, American journalist (d. 1996)
    • 1927 – Mike Esposito, American author and illustrator (d. 2010)
    • 1928 – Nancy Olson, American actress
    • 1928 – William Rees-Mogg, English journalist and public servant (d. 2012)
    • 1930 – Polly Bergen, American actress and singer (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Benoît Sinzogan, Beninese military officer and politician
    • 1931 – Jacqueline de Ribes, French fashion designer and philanthropist
    • 1931 – E. V. Thompson, English police officer and author (d. 2012)
    • 1932 – Rosey Grier, American football player and actor
    • 1932 – Del Reeves, American country singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
    • 1933 – Robert Bourassa, Canadian lawyer and politician, 22nd Premier of Quebec (d. 1996)
    • 1933 – Dumaagiin Sodnom, Mongolian politician; 13th Prime Minister of Mongolia
    • 1933 – Franz, Duke of Bavaria, head of the House of Wittelsbach
    • 1936 – Robert F. Overmyer, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1996)
    • 1937 – Yoshirō Mori, Japanese journalist and politician, 55th Prime Minister of Japan
    • 1938 – Jerry Rubin, American activist, author, and businessman (d. 1994)
    • 1938 – Tommy Vig, Hungarian vibraphone player, drummer, and composer
    • 1939 – Karel Gott, Czech singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2019)
    • 1939 – George Edgar Slusser, American scholar and author (d. 2014)
    • 1940 – Susan Howatch, English author and academic
    • 1941 – Maulana Karenga, American philosopher, author, and activist, created Kwanzaa
    • 1941 – Andreas Khol, German-Austrian lawyer and politician
    • 1942 – Javier Solana, Spanish physicist and politician, Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1945 – Jim Gordon, American drummer and songwriter
    • 1946 – Sue Lawley, English journalist
    • 1946 – John Wood, Australian actor and screenwriter
    • 1947 – John Blackman, Australian radio and television presenter
    • 1947 – Claudia J. Kennedy, American general
    • 1947 – Salih Neftçi, Turkish economist and author (d. 2009)
    • 1947 – Navin Ramgoolam, Mauritius physician and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Mauritius
    • 1948 – Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king
    • 1948 – Tom Latham, American politician
    • 1948 – Earl Williams, American baseball player (d. 2013)
    • 1949 – Tommy Mottola, American businessman and music publisher
    • 1950 – Bruce Oldfield, English fashion designer
    • 1952 – Bob Casale, American guitarist, keyboard player, and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1952 – Franklin Graham, American evangelist and missionary
    • 1952 – George Lewis, American musician and composer
    • 1952 – Joel Silver, American actor and producer, co-founded Dark Castle Entertainment
    • 1953 – Martha Coakley, American lawyer and politician, 58th Attorney General of Massachusetts
    • 1955 – L. Brent Bozell III, American journalist and activist, founded the Media Research Center
    • 1958 – Mircea Geoană, Romanian politician and diplomat, 97th Romanian Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1959 – Aubrey McClendon, American businessman (d. 2016)
    • 1960 – Anna Bligh, Australian politician, 37th Premier of Queensland
    • 1960 – Kyle Gass, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actor
    • 1960 – Angélique Kidjo, Beninese singer-songwriter, activist, and actor
    • 1960 – Jane Lynch, American actress and game show host
    • 1960 – Mike McPhee, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1961 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor
    • 1962 – Vanessa Lawrence, English geographer and civil servant
    • 1963 – Jacques Lacombe, Canadian organist and conductor
    • 1964 – Brett Ogle, Australian golfer
    • 1964 – Igor Shpilband, Russian-American ice dancer and coach
    • 1965 – Urmas Kruuse, Estonian lawyer and politician, 41st Mayor of Tartu
    • 1965 – Collins Nweke, Belgian politician of Nigerian origin, 1st foreign born person elected to political office in West Flanders
    • 1966 – Matthew Fox, American actor
    • 1966 – Matt Hume, American mixed martial artist and trainer
    • 1966 – Brian Selznick, American author and illustrator
    • 1967 – Marios Constantinou, Cypriot footballer and manager
    • 1967 – Jeff Jarrett, American wrestler and promoter, co-founder of Impact Wrestling
    • 1967 – Patrick J. Kennedy, American politician
    • 1967 – Hashan Tillakaratne, Sri Lankan cricketer
    • 1967 – Robin Ventura, American baseball player and manager
    • 1968 – Michael Palmer, Singaporean lawyer and politician, 8th Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore
    • 1969 – José Hernández, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
    • 1969 – Sven Sester, Estonian politician
    • 1970 – Jacob Young, Norwegian guitarist
    • 1971 – Howard Webb, English footballer and referee
    • 1973 – Tani Fuga, Samoan rugby player
    • 1973 – Paul Methric, American rapper and producer
    • 1974 – Erick Dampier, American basketball player
    • 1974 – David Mitchell, British comedian
    • 1975 – Derlei, Brazilian footballer
    • 1975 – Tim Hudson, American baseball player
    • 1975 – Jamey Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1977 – Gordon Cree, Scottish singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1977 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
    • 1978 – Mattias Ekström, Swedish race car driver
    • 1979 – Bernie Castro, Dominican baseball player
    • 1979 – Axel Teichmann, German skier
    • 1980 – George Smith, Australian rugby player
    • 1981 – Matti Hautamäki, Finnish ski jumper
    • 1981 – Robbie Maddison, Australian motorcycle racer
    • 1982 – Dmitry Chaplin, Russian-American dancer and choreographer
    • 1982 – Achille Coser, Italian footballer
    • 1983 – Igor Andreev, Russian tennis player
    • 1983 – Thomas Howard, American football player (d. 2013)
    • 1983 – Tito Muñoz, American conductor and academic
    • 1984 – Renaldo Balkman, American basketball player
    • 1984 – Erica Blasberg, American golfer (d. 2010)
    • 1984 – Lenka Dlhopolcová, Slovak tennis player
    • 1984 – Mounir El Hamdaoui, Moroccan footballer
    • 1984 – Samir Handanović, Slovenian footballer
    • 1984 – Nilmar, Brazilian footballer
    • 1985 – Billy Celeski, Australian footballer
    • 1985 – Darrelle Revis, American football player
    • 1985 – Chris Wright, English cricketer
    • 1986 – Alexander Gerndt, Swedish footballer
    • 1986 – Nikolay Kulemin, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Dan Smith, English singer-songwriter
    • 1987 – Aqeel Ahmed, English director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1987 – Margus Hunt, Estonian-American football player, discus thrower, and shot putter
    • 1987 – Adam Johnson, English footballer
    • 1987 – Dan Reynolds, American singer-songwriter
    • 1987 – Sean Smith, American football player
    • 1987 – Ryan Sweeting, Bahamian-American tennis player
    • 1988 – Conor McGregor, Irish mixed martial artist
    • 1988 – Jérémy Stravius, French swimmer
    • 1988 – James Vaughan, English footballer
    • 1989 – Sakari Mattila, Finnish footballer
    • 1989 – Rolando McClain, American football player
    • 1989 – Cyril Rioli, Australian rules footballer
    • 1991 – Shabazz Napier, American basketball player
    • 1993 – Sayaka Yamamoto, Japanese singer
    • 1995 – Megan Cunningham, Scottish footballer
    • 1995 – Serge Gnabry, German footballer
    • 1995 – Kim Hyo-joo, South Korean golfer
    • 1995 – Federico Mattiello, Italian footballer
    • 1997 – Cengiz Ünder, Turkish footballer

    Deaths on July 14

    • 664 – Eorcenberht, king of Kent
    • 809 – Ōtomo no Otomaro, Japanese general and Shōgun (b. 731)
    • 850 – Wei Fu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
    • 937 – Arnulf I, duke of Bavaria
    • 1223 – Philip II, king of France (b. 1165)
    • 1242 – Hōjō Yasutoki, regent of Japan (b. 1183)
    • 1262 – Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (b. 1222)
    • 1486 – Margaret of Denmark, daughter of Christian I of Denmark (b. 1456)
    • 1526 – John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, English peer, landowner, and Lord Great Chamberlain of England (b. 1499)
    • 1575 – Richard Taverner, English translator (b. 1505)
    • 1614 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian priest and saint (b. 1550)
    • 1723 – Claude Fleury, French historian and author (b. 1640)
    • 1742 – Richard Bentley, English scholar and theologian (b. 1662)
    • 1766 – František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (b. 1674)
    • 1774 – James O’Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, Irish field marshal (b. 1682)
    • 1780 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher and academic (b. 1713)
    • 1789 – Jacques de Flesselles, French politician (b. 1721)
    • 1789 – Bernard-René de Launay, French politician (b. 1740)
    • 1790 – Ernst Gideon von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
    • 1809 – Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Greek monk and saint (b. 1749)
    • 1816 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan general (b. 1750)
    • 1817 – Germaine de Staël, French philosopher and author (b. 1766)
    • 1827 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist and engineer, reviver of a wave theory of light, inventor of catadioptric lighthouse lens (b. 1788)
    • 1834 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, French-American diplomat (b. 1763)
    • 1850 – August Neander, German historian and theologian (b. 1789)
    • 1856 – Edward Vernon Utterson, English lawyer and historian (b. 1775)
    • 1876 – John Buckley, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1813)
    • 1881 – Billy the Kid, American criminal (b. 1859)
    • 1904 – Paul Kruger, South African politician, 5th President of the South African Republic (b. 1824)
    • 1907 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist and academic (b. 1838)
    • 1910 – Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1818)
    • 1917 – Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887)
    • 1918 – Quentin Roosevelt, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897)
    • 1936 – Dhan Gopal Mukerji, Indian-American author and scholar (b. 1890)
    • 1937 – Julius Meier, American businessman and politician, 20th Governor of Oregon (b. 1874)
    • 1939 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter and illustrator (b. 1860)
    • 1954 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish author and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
    • 1965 – Adlai Stevenson II, American soldier and politician, 5th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1900)
    • 1966 – Julie Manet, French painter and art collector (b. 1878)
    • 1967 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian author and poet (b. 1880)
    • 1968 – Konstantin Paustovsky, Russian author and poet (b. 1892)
    • 1970 – Preston Foster, American actor (b. 1900)
    • 1973 – Ali Kılıç, Turkish captain and politician (b. 1890)
    • 1974 – Carl Andrew Spaatz, American general (b. 1891)
    • 1975 – Madan Mohan, Iraqi-Indian composer and conductor (b. 1924)
    • 1979 – Walter Keppel, 9th Earl of Albemarle, English nobleman and soldier (b. 1882)
    • 1984 – Ernest Tidyman, American author and screenwriter (b. 1928)
    • 1986 – Raymond Loewy, French-American industrial designer (b. 1893)
    • 1989 – Frank Bell, English linguist and academic (b. 1916)
    • 1991 – Constance Stokes, Australian painter (b. 1906)
    • 1993 – Léo Ferré, Monacan singer-songwriter, pianist, and poet (b. 1916)
    • 1994 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
    • 1996 – Jeff Krosnoff, American race car driver (b. 1964)
    • 1998 – Richard McDonald, American businessman, co-founded McDonald’s (b. 1909)
    • 2000 – Pepo, Chilean cartoonist (b. 1911)
    • 2000 – William Roscoe Estep, American historian and academic (b. 1920)
    • 2000 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (b. 1944)
    • 2001 – Guy de Lussigny, French painter (b. 1929)
    • 2002 – Joaquín Balaguer, Dominican lawyer and politician, 41st President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
    • 2002 – Fritz Glatz, Austrian race car driver (b. 1943)
    • 2003 – François-Albert Angers, Canadian economist and academic (b. 1909)
    • 2005 – Joe Harnell, American pianist and composer (b. 1924)
    • 2005 – Cicely Saunders, English hospice founder (b. 1918)
    • 2007 – John Ferguson Sr., Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (b. 1938)
    • 2012 – John Arbuthnott, 16th Viscount of Arbuthnott, Scottish businessman and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Kincardineshire (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Don Brinkley, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Frank R. Burns, American football player and coach (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – King Hill, American football player (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Sixten Jernberg, Swedish skier (b. 1929)
    • 2012 – Roy Shaw, English businessman and boxer (b. 1936)
    • 2013 – Herbert M. Allison, American lieutenant and businessman (b. 1943)
    • 2013 – Matt Batts, American baseball player and coach (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Dennis Burkley, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1945)
    • 2013 – Bill Warner, American motorcycle racer (b. 1969)
    • 2013 – Vladimir Mikhailovich Zakharov, Russian dancer and choreographer (b. 1946)
    • 2014 – Alice Coachman, American high jumper (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Vange Leonel, Brazilian singer-songwriter and activist (b. 1963)
    • 2014 – John Victor Parker, American soldier, lawyer, and judge (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Willer Bordon, Italian businessman, academic, and politician, Italian Minister of the Environment (b. 1949)
    • 2015 – Wolf Gremm, German director and producer (b. 1942)
    • 2015 – Masao Horiba, Japanese businessman, founded Horiba (b. 1924)
    • 2016 – Helena Benitez, Filipino politician, educator and environmentalist (b. 1914)
    • 2017 – Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian mathematician (b. 1977)

    Holidays and observances on July 14

    • Christian feast day:
      • Boniface of Savoy
      • Camillus de Lellis (Roman Catholic Church, except in the United States)
      • Deusdedit of Canterbury
      • Francis Solanus
      • Gaspar de Bono
      • Idus of Leinster
      • Kateri Tekakwitha (United States)
      • Samson Occom (Episcopal Church (United States))
      • John Keble (Church of England)
      • Libert of Saint-Trond
      • Ulrich of Zell
      • July 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Bastille Day (France and French dependencies)
    • Birthday of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, an official flag day. (Sweden)
    • Republic Day (Iraq)
    • Hondurans’ Day (Honduras)
    • Black Country Day, (United Kingdom)

  • July 11 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    July 11 in History

    • 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter’s Basilica and put to death.
    • 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius).
    • 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
    • 1174 – Baldwin IV, 13, becomes King of Jerusalem, with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor.
    • 1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch): A coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France’s royal army.
    • 1346 – Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, is elected King of the Romans.
    • 1405 – Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.
    • 1476 – Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.
    • 1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
    • 1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
    • 1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.
    • 1789 – Jacques Necker is dismissed as France’s Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.
    • 1796 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
    • 1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
    • 1801 – French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
    • 1804 – A duel occurs in which the Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr mortally wounds former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
    • 1833 – Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
    • 1848 – Waterloo railway station in London opens.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C.
    • 1882 – The British Mediterranean Fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War.
    • 1889 – Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
    • 1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kōkichi Mikimoto.
    • 1893 – A revolution led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.
    • 1895 – Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière demonstrate movie film technology to scientists.
    • 1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
    • 1899 – Fiat founded by Giovanni Agnelli in Turin, Italy.
    • 1906 – Murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in the United States, inspiration for Theodore Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.
    • 1914 – Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major League Baseball.
    • 1914 – USS Nevada (BB-36) is launched.
    • 1919 – The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.
    • 1920 – In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany.
    • 1921 – A truce in the Irish War of Independence comes into effect.
    • 1921 – The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People’s Republic.
    • 1921 – Former president of the United States William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person ever to hold both offices.
    • 1922 – The Hollywood Bowl opens.
    • 1924 – Eric Liddell won the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on the Sunday.
    • 1934 – Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft, about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport without assisted take-off.
    • 1936 – The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
    • 1940 – World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of the French State.
    • 1941 – The Northern Rhodesian Labour Party holds its first congress in Nkana.
    • 1943 – Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Volhynia) peak.
    • 1943 – World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily: German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.
    • 1947 – The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.
    • 1950 – Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
    • 1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismai’li worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.
    • 1960 – France legislates for the independence of Dahomey (later Benin), Upper Volta (later Burkina) and Niger.
    • 1960 – Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
    • 1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published, in the United States.
    • 1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
    • 1962 – Project Apollo: At a press conference, NASA announces lunar orbit rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.
    • 1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.
    • 1972 – The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.
    • 1973 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris, France on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking in airplane lavatories.
    • 1977 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
    • 1978 – Los Alfaques disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain killing 216 tourists.
    • 1979 – America’s first space station, Skylab, is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.
    • 1983 – A TAME airline Boeing 737-200 crashes near Cuenca, Ecuador, killing all 119 passengers and crew on board.
    • 1990 – Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec, Canada begins.
    • 1991 – Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 crashes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing all 261 passengers and crew on board.
    • 1995 – Yugoslav Wars: Srebrenica massacre begins; lasts until 22 July.
    • 2006 – Mumbai train bombings: Two hundred nine people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai, India.
    • 2010 – The Islamist militia group Al-Shabaab carried out multiple suicide bombings in Kampala, Uganda, killing 74 people and injuring 85 others.
    • 2011 – Ninety-eight containers of explosives self-detonate killing 13 people in Zygi, Cyprus.

    Births on July 11

    • 154 – Bardaisan, Syrian astrologer, scholar, and philosopher (d. 222)
    • 1274 – Robert the Bruce, Scottish king (d. 1329)
    • 1406 – William, Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg (d. 1482)
    • 1459 – Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German nobleman (d. 1527)
    • 1558 – Robert Greene, English author and playwright (d. 1592)
    • 1561 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish cleric and poet (d. 1627)
    • 1603 – Kenelm Digby, English astrologer, courtier, and diplomat (d. 1665)
    • 1628 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese daimyō (d. 1701)
    • 1653 – Sarah Good, American woman accused of witchcraft (d. 1692)
    • 1657 – Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713)
    • 1662 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1726)
    • 1709 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)
    • 1723 – Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and author (d. 1799)
    • 1751 – Caroline Matilda, British princess, queen consort of Denmark (d. 1775)
    • 1754 – Thomas Bowdler, English physician and philanthropist (d. 1825)
    • 1760 – Peggy Shippen, American wife of Benedict Arnold and American Revolutionary War spy (d. 1804)
    • 1767 – John Quincy Adams, American lawyer and politician, 6th President of the United States (d. 1848)
    • 1826 – Alexander Afanasyev, Russian ethnographer and author (d. 1871)
    • 1832 – Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek lawyer and politician, 55th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1896)
    • 1834 – James Abbott McNeill Whistler, American-English painter and illustrator (d. 1903)
    • 1836 – Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (d. 1896)
    • 1846 – Léon Bloy, French author and poet (d. 1917)
    • 1849 – N. E. Brown, English plant taxonomist and authority on succulents (d. 1934)
    • 1850 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary (d. 1938)
    • 1866 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1953)
    • 1875 – H. M. Brock, British painter and illustrator (d. 1960)
    • 1880 – Friedrich Lahrs, German architect and academic (d. 1964)
    • 1881 – Isabel Martin Lewis, American astronomer and author (d. 1966)
    • 1882 – James Larkin White, American miner, explorer, and park ranger (d. 1946)
    • 1886 – Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter and illustrator (d. 1939)
    • 1888 – Carl Schmitt, German philosopher and jurist (d. 1985)
    • 1892 – Thomas Mitchell, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1962)
    • 1894 – Erna Mohr, German zoologist (d. 1968)
    • 1895 – Dorothy Wilde, English author and poet (d. 1941)
    • 1897 – Bull Connor, American police officer (d. 1973)
    • 1899 – Wilfrid Israel, German businessman and philanthropist (d. 1943)
    • 1899 – E. B. White, American essayist and journalist (d. 1985)
    • 1901 – Gwendolyn Lizarraga, Belizean businesswoman, activist, and politician (d. 1975)
    • 1903 – Rudolf Abel, English-Russian colonel (d. 1971)
    • 1903 – Sidney Franklin, American bullfighter (d. 1976)
    • 1904 – Niño Ricardo, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1972)
    • 1905 – Betty Allan, Australian statistician and biometrician (d. 1952)
    • 1906 – Harry von Zell, American actor and announcer (d. 1981)
    • 1906 – Herbert Wehner, German politician, Minister of Intra-German Relations (d. 1990)
    • 1909 – Irene Hervey, American actress (d. 1998)
    • 1909 – Jacques Clemens, Dutch catholic priest (d. 2018)
    • 1910 – Sally Blane, American actress (d. 1997)
    • 1911 – Erna Flegel, German Third Reich nurse (d. 2006)
    • 1912 – Sergiu Celibidache, Romanian conductor and composer (d. 1996)
    • 1912 – Peta Taylor, English cricketer (d. 1989)
    • 1912 – William F. Walsh, American captain and politician, 48th Mayor of Syracuse (d. 2011)
    • 1913 – Paul Gibb, English cricketer (d. 1977)
    • 1913 – Cordwainer Smith, American sinologist, author, and academic (d. 1966)
    • 1916 – Mortimer Caplin, American tax attorney, educator, and IRS Commissioner (d. 2019)
    • 1916 – Hans Maier, Dutch water polo player (d. 2018)
    • 1916 – Alexander Prokhorov, Australian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
    • 1916 – Reg Varney, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2008)
    • 1916 – Gough Whitlam, Australian lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014)
    • 1918 – Venetia Burney, English educator, who named Pluto (d. 2009)
    • 1920 – Yul Brynner, Russian actor and dancer (d. 1985)
    • 1920 – Zecharia Sitchin, Russian-American author (d. 2010)
    • 1922 – Gene Evans, American actor (d. 1998)
    • 1922 – Fritz Riess, German-Swiss racing driver (d. 1991)
    • 1923 – Richard Pipes, Polish-American historian and academic (d. 2018)
    • 1923 – Tun Tun, Indian actress and comedian (d. 2003)
    • 1924 – César Lattes, Brazilian physicist and academic (d. 2005)
    • 1924 – Brett Somers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2007)
    • 1924 – Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. 1971)
    • 1924 – Oscar Wyatt, American businessman
    • 1925 – Charles Chaynes, French composer (d. 2016)
    • 1925 – Nicolai Gedda, Swedish operatic tenor (d. 2017)
    • 1925 – Peter Kyros, American lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1925 – Sid Smith, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2004)
    • 1926 – Frederick Buechner, American minister, theologian, and author
    • 1927 – Theodore Maiman, American-Canadian physicist and engineer (d. 2007)
    • 1927 – Chris Leonard, English footballer
    • 1928 – Greville Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone, Welsh-English lawyer and politician (d. 2015)
    • 1928 – Bobo Olson, American boxer (d. 2002)
    • 1928 – Andrea Veneracion, Filipina choirmaster (d. 2014)
    • 1929 – Danny Flores, American singer-songwriter and saxophonist (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – David Kelly, Irish actor (d. 2012)
    • 1930 – Jack Alabaster, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1930 – Harold Bloom, American literary critic (d. 2019)
    • 1930 – Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Dick Gray, American baseball player (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Thurston Harris, American doo-wop singer (d. 1990)
    • 1931 – Tab Hunter, American actor and singer (d. 2018)
    • 1931 – Tullio Regge, Italian physicist and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1932 – Alex Hassilev, French-born American folk singer and musician
    • 1932 – Jean-Guy Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1933 – Jim Carlen, American football player and coach (d. 2012)
    • 1933 – Frank Kelso, American admiral and politician, United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 2013)
    • 1934 – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer, founded the Armani Company
    • 1935 – Frederick Hemke, American saxophonist and educator
    • 1935 – Oliver Napier, Northern Irish lawyer and politician (d. 2011)
    • 1937 – Pai Hsien-yung, Chinese-Taiwanese author
    • 1941 – Bill Boggs, American journalist and producer
    • 1941 – Henry Lowther, English trumpet player
    • 1943 – Richard Carleton, Australian journalist (d. 2006)
    • 1943 – Howard Gardner, American psychologist and academic
    • 1943 – Tom Holland, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1943 – Peter Jensen, Australian metropolitan
    • 1943 – Robert Malval, Haitian businessman and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Haiti
    • 1943 – Rolf Stommelen, German racing driver (d. 1983)
    • 1944 – Lou Hudson, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1944 – Michael Levy, Baron Levy, English philanthropist
    • 1944 – Patricia Polacco, American author and illustrator
    • 1946 – Martin Wong, American painter (d. 1999)
    • 1947 – Jeff Hanna, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer
    • 1947 – Norman Lebrecht, English author and critic
    • 1947 – Bo Lundgren, Swedish politician
    • 1950 – Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani physicist and academic
    • 1950 – J. R. Morgan, Welsh author and academic
    • 1950 – Bonnie Pointer, American singer (d. 2020)
    • 1951 – Ed Ott, American baseball player and coach
    • 1952 – Bill Barber, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1952 – Stephen Lang, American actor and playwright
    • 1953 – Piyasvasti Amranand, Thai businessman and politician, Thai Minister of Energy
    • 1953 – Angélica Aragón, Mexican film, television, and stage actress and singer
    • 1953 – Peter Brown, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1953 – Suresh Prabhu, Indian accountant and politician, Indian Minister of Railways
    • 1953 – Patricia Reyes Spíndola, Mexican actress, director, and producer
    • 1953 – Leon Spinks, American boxer
    • 1953 – Mindy Sterling, American actress
    • 1953 – Ivan Toms, South African physician and activist (d. 2008)
    • 1953 – Bramwell Tovey, English-Canadian conductor and composer
    • 1953 – Paul Weiland, English director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1954 – Julia King, English engineer and academic
    • 1955 – Balaji Sadasivan, Singaporean neurosurgeon and politician, Singaporean Minister of Health (d. 2010)
    • 1956 – Amitav Ghosh, Indian-American author and academic
    • 1956 – Robin Renucci, French actor and director
    • 1956 – Sela Ward, American actress
    • 1957 – Johann Lamont, Scottish educator and politician
    • 1957 – Peter Murphy, English singer-songwriter
    • 1957 – Michael Rose, Jamaican singer-songwriter
    • 1958 – Mark Lester, English actor
    • 1958 – Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1959 – Richie Sambora, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1959 – Suzanne Vega, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1960 – David Baerwald, American singer-songwriter, composer, and musician
    • 1960 – Caroline Quentin, English actress
    • 1961 – Antony Jenkins, English banker and businessman
    • 1962 – Gaétan Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
    • 1962 – Pauline McLynn, Irish actress and author
    • 1962 – Fumiya Fujii, Japanese music artist
    • 1963 – Al MacInnis, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1963 – Dean Richards, English rugby player and coach
    • 1963 – Lisa Rinna, American actress and talk show host
    • 1965 – Tony Cottee, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Ernesto Hoost, Dutch kick-boxer and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Scott Shriner, American singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1966 – Nadeem Aslam, Pakistani-English author
    • 1966 – Kentaro Miura, Japanese author and illustrator
    • 1966 – Rod Strickland, American basketball player and coach
    • 1966 – Ricky Warwick, Northern Irish musician
    • 1967 – Andy Ashby, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Jhumpa Lahiri, Indian American novelist and short story writer
    • 1968 – Michael Geist, Canadian journalist and academic
    • 1968 – Daniel MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
    • 1968 – Esera Tuaolo, American football player
    • 1969 – Ned Boulting, British sports journalist and television presenter
    • 1970 – Justin Chambers, American actor
    • 1970 – Sajjad Karim, English lawyer and politician
    • 1970 – Eric Owens, American opera singer
    • 1971 – Leisha Hailey, Japanese-American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1972 – Cormac Battle, English-Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1973 – Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek runner
    • 1974 – Alanas Chošnau, Lithuanian singer-songwriter
    • 1974 – Hermann Hreiðarsson, Icelandic footballer and manager
    • 1974 – André Ooijer, Dutch footballer and coach
    • 1975 – Willie Anderson, American football player
    • 1975 – Rubén Baraja, Spanish footballer and manager
    • 1975 – Lil’ Kim, American rapper and producer
    • 1976 – Eduardo Nájera, Mexican-American basketball player and coach
    • 1977 – Brandon Short, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1978 – Kathleen Edwards, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1978 – Massimiliano Rosolino, Italian swimmer
    • 1979 – Raio Piiroja, Estonian footballer
    • 1980 – Tyson Kidd, Canadian wrestler
    • 1980 – Kevin Powers, American soldier and author
    • 1981 – Andre Johnson, American football player
    • 1982 – Chris Cooley, American football player
    • 1983 – Engin Baytar, German-Turkish footballer
    • 1983 – Peter Cincotti, American singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1983 – Marie Serneholt, Swedish singer and dancer
    • 1984 – Yorman Bazardo, Venezuelan baseball player
    • 1984 – Tanith Belbin, Canadian-American ice dancer
    • 1984 – Jacoby Jones, American football player
    • 1984 – Joe Pavelski, American ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Morné Steyn, South African rugby player
    • 1985 – Robert Adamson, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1985 – Orestis Karnezis, Greek footballer
    • 1986 – Raúl García, Spanish footballer
    • 1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French footballer
    • 1986 – Ryan Jarvis, English footballer
    • 1987 – Shigeaki Kato, Japanese singer
    • 1988 – Étienne Capoue, French footballer
    • 1988 – Natalie La Rose, Dutch singer, songwriter and dancer
    • 1989 – Tobias Sana, Swedish footballer
    • 1989 – Travis Waddell, Australian rugby league player
    • 1990 – Mona Barthel, German tennis player
    • 1990 – Connor Paolo, American actor
    • 1990 – Adam Jezierski, Polish-Spanish actor and singer
    • 1990 – Patrick Peterson, American football player
    • 1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player
    • 1993 – Rebecca Bross, American gymnast
    • 1993 – Heini Salonen, Finnish tennis player
    • 1994 – Bartłomiej Kalinkowski, Polish footballer
    • 1994 – Anthony Milford, Australian rugby league player
    • 1994 – Nina Nesbitt, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1994 – Lucas Ocampos, Argentinian footballer
    • 1995 – Joey Bosa, American football player
    • 1995 – Tyler Medeiros, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1996 – Alessia Cara, Canadian singer-songwriter

    Deaths on July 11

    • 472 – Anthemius, Roman emperor (b. 420)
    • 937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy (b. 880)
    • 969 – Olga of Kiev (b. 890)
    • 1174 – Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
    • 1183 – Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117)
    • 1302 – Robert II, Count of Artois (b. 1250)
    • 1302 – Pierre Flotte, French politician and lawyer
    • 1344 – Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg (b. c. 1286)
    • 1362 – Anna von Schweidnitz, empress of Charles IV (b. 1339)
    • 1382 – Nicole Oresme, French philosopher (b. 1325)
    • 1451 – Barbara of Cilli, Slovenian noblewoman
    • 1484 – Mino da Fiesole, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1429)
    • 1535 – Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
    • 1581 – Peder Skram, Danish admiral and politician (b. 1503)
    • 1593 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (b. 1527)
    • 1599 – Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese daimyō (b.1539)
    • 1688 – Narai, Thai king (b. 1629)
    • 1774 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-English general (b. 1715)
    • 1775 – Simon Boerum, American farmer and politician (b. 1724)
    • 1797 – Ienăchiță Văcărescu, Romanian historian and philologist (b. 1740)
    • 1806 – James Smith, Irish-American lawyer and politician (b. 1719)
    • 1825 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American soldier and politician (b. 1744)
    • 1844 – Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian philosopher and poet (b. 1800)
    • 1897 – Patrick Jennings, Irish-Australian politician, 11th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1831)
    • 1905 – Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian jurist and scholar (b. 1849)
    • 1908 – Friedrich Traun, German sprinter and tennis player (b. 1876)
    • 1909 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
    • 1929 – Billy Mosforth, English footballer and engraver (b. 1857)
    • 1937 – George Gershwin, American pianist, songwriter, and composer (b. 1898)
    • 1959 – Charlie Parker, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (b. 1882)
    • 1966 – Delmore Schwartz, American poet and short story writer (b. 1913)
    • 1967 – Guy Favreau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 28th Canadian Minister of Justice (b. 1917)
    • 1971 – John W. Campbell, American journalist and author (b. 1910)
    • 1971 – Pedro Rodríguez, Mexican racing driver (b. 1940)
    • 1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
    • 1976 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet and educator (b. 1895)
    • 1979 – Claude Wagner, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1925)
    • 1983 – Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian author (b. 1915)
    • 1987 – Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (b. 1963)
    • 1987 – Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman, American rabbi and scholar (b. 1901)
    • 1989 – Laurence Olivier, English actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
    • 1991 – Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer and coach (b. 1953)
    • 1994 – Gary Kildall, American computer scientist, founded Digital Research (b. 1942)
    • 1998 – Panagiotis Kondylis, Greek philosopher and author (b. 1943)
    • 1999 – Helen Forrest, American singer (b. 1917)
    • 1999 – Jan Sloot, Dutch computer scientist and electronics technician (b. 1945)
    • 2000 – Pedro Mir, Dominican lawyer, author, and poet (b. 1913)
    • 2000 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (b. 1921)
    • 2001 – Herman Brood, Dutch musician and painter (b. 1946)
    • 2003 – Zahra Kazemi, Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer (b. 1948)
    • 2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, American financier and philanthropist (b. 1910)
    • 2004 – Renée Saint-Cyr, French actress and producer (b. 1904)
    • 2005 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress and dancer (b. 1911)
    • 2005 – Jesús Iglesias, Argentinian racing driver (b. 1922)
    • 2005 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (b. 1913)
    • 2006 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (b. 1915)
    • 2006 – Bronwyn Oliver, Australian sculptor (b. 1959)
    • 2006 – John Spencer, English snooker player and sportscaster (b. 1935)
    • 2007 – Glenda Adams, Australian author and academic (b. 1939)
    • 2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, American beautification activist; 43rd First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
    • 2007 – Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913)
    • 2007 – Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded Honest Ed’s (b. 1914)
    • 2008 – Michael E. DeBakey, American surgeon and educator (b. 1908)
    • 2009 – Reg Fleming, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1936)
    • 2009 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
    • 2009 – Ji Xianlin, Chinese linguist and paleographer (b. 1911)
    • 2010 – Walter Hawkins, American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and pastor (b. 1949)
    • 2011 – Rob Grill, American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1943)
    • 2012 – Art Ceccarelli, American baseball player and coach (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Marion Cunningham, American author (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – Richard Scudder, American journalist and publisher, co-founded MediaNews Group (b. 1913)
    • 2012 – Donald J. Sobol, American soldier and author (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Marvin Traub, American businessman and author (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Emik Avakian, Iranian-American inventor (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic (b. 1936)
    • 2013 – Eugene P. Wilkinson, American admiral (b. 1918)
    • 2014 – Charlie Haden, American bassist and composer (b. 1937)
    • 2014 – Carin Mannheimer, Swedish author and screenwriter (b. 1934)
    • 2014 – Bill McGill, American basketball player (b. 1939)
    • 2014 – Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-American drummer and producer (b. 1949)
    • 2014 – John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Randall Stout, American architect, designed the Taubman Museum of Art (b. 1958)
    • 2015 – Giacomo Biffi, Italian cardinal (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – James U. Cross, American general (b. 1925)
    • 2015 – Satoru Iwata, Japanese game programmer and businessman (b. 1959)
    • 2015 – Lawrence K. Karlton, American lawyer and judge (b. 1935)
    • 2015 – André Leysen, Belgian businessman (b. 1927)

    Holidays and observances on July 11

    • Christian Feast Day:
      • Benedict of Nursia
      • Olga of Kiev
      • Pope Pius I
      • July 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • China National Maritime Day (China)
    • Day of the Bandoneón (Argentina)
    • Day of the Flemish Community (Flemish Community of Belgium)
    • Eleventh Night (Northern Ireland)
    • Free Slurpee Day (Participating stores of the 7-Eleven chain in North America)
    • National Day of Remembrance of Victims of Genocide by Ukrainian Nationalists on Citizens of the Second Republic of Poland (Poland)
    • Gospel Day (Kiribati)
    • Imamat Day (Isma’ilism)
    • National Day of Commemoration, held on the nearest Sunday to this date (Ireland)
    • The first day of Naadam (July 11–15) (Mongolia)
    • World Population Day (International)

  • July 9- History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 491 – Odoacer makes a night assault with his Heruli guardsmen, engaging Theoderic the Great in Ad Pinetam. Both sides suffer heavy losses, but in the end Theodoric forces Odoacer back into Ravenna.
    • 551 – A major earthquake strikes Beirut, triggering a devastating tsunami that affected the coastal towns of Byzantine Phoenicia, causing thousands of deaths.
    • 660 – Korean forces under general Kim Yu-sin of Silla defeat the army of Baekje in the Battle of Hwangsanbeol.
    • 869 – The 8.4–9.0 Mw  Sanriku earthquake strikes the area around Sendai in northern Honshu, Japan. Inundation from the tsunami extended several kilometers inland.
    • 969 – The Fatimid general Jawhar leads the Friday prayer in Fustat in the name of Caliph al-Mu’izz li-Din Allah, thereby symbolically completing the Fatimid conquest of Egypt.
    • 1357 – Emperor Charles IV assists in laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague.
    • 1386 – The Old Swiss Confederacy makes great strides in establishing control over its territory by soundly defeating the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Sempach.
    • 1401 – Timur attacks the Jalairid Sultanate and destroys Baghdad.
    • 1540 – King Henry VIII of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.
    • 1572 – Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum.
    • 1609 – Bohemia is granted freedom of religion through the Letter of Majesty by the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II.
    • 1701 – A Bourbon force under Nicolas Catinat withdraws from a smaller Habsburg force under Prince Eugene of Savoy in the Battle of Carpi.
    • 1745 – French victory in the Battle of Melle allows them to capture Ghent in the days after.
    • 1755 – The Braddock Expedition is soundly defeated by a smaller French and Native American force in its attempt to capture Fort Duquesne in what is now downtown Pittsburgh.
    • 1762 – Catherine the Great becomes Empress of Russia following the coup against her husband, Peter III.
    • 1776 – George Washington orders the Declaration of Independence to be read out to members of the Continental Army in Manhattan, while thousands of British troops on Staten Island prepare for the Battle of Long Island.
    • 1789 – In Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution.
    • 1790 – The Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian Baltic fleet.
    • 1793 – The Act Against Slavery in Upper Canada bans the importation of slaves and will free those who are born into slavery after the passage of the Act at 25 years of age.
    • 1807 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed by Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of Russia.
    • 1810 – Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire.
    • 1811 – Explorer David Thompson posts a sign near what is now Sacajawea State Park in Washington state, claiming the Columbia District for the United Kingdom.
    • 1815 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord becomes the first Prime Minister of France.
    • 1816 – Argentina declares independence from Spain.
    • 1821 – Four hundred and seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence.
    • 1850 – U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies after eating raw fruit and iced milk; he is succeeded in office by Vice President Millard Fillmore.
    • 1850 – Persian prophet Báb is executed in Tabriz, Persia.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson ends, giving the Union complete control of the Mississippi River.
    • 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
    • 1875 – The Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule begins, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans.
    • 1877 – The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins.
    • 1893 – Daniel Hale Williams, American heart surgeon, performs the first successful open-heart surgery in United States without anesthesia.
    • 1896 – William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech advocating bimetallism at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
    • 1900 – The Federation of Australia is given royal assent.
    • 1900 – The Governor of Shanxi province in North China orders the execution of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children.
    • 1918 – In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express, killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
    • 1922 – Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking the world swimming record and the ‘minute barrier’.
    • 1932 – The state of São Paulo revolts against the Brazilian Federal Government, starting the Constitutionalist Revolution.
    • 1937 – The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed by the 1937 Fox vault fire.
    • 1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Sicily soon causes the downfall of Mussolini and forces Hitler to break off the Battle of Kursk.
    • 1944 – World War II: American forces take Saipan, bringing the Japanese archipelago within range of B-29 raids, and causing the downfall of the Tojo government.
    • 1944 – World War II: Continuation War: Finland wins the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in northern Europe. The Red Army withdraws its troops from Ihantala and digs into a defensive position, thus ending the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive.
    • 1955 – The Russell–Einstein Manifesto calls for a reduction of the risk of nuclear warfare.
    • 1956 – The 7.7 Mw  Amorgos earthquake shakes the Cyclades island group in the Aegean Sea with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The shaking and the destructive tsunami that followed left fifty-three people dead. A damaging M7.2 aftershock occurred minutes after the mainshock.
    • 1958 – A 7.8 Mw  strike-slip earthquake in Alaska causes a landslide that produces a megatsunami. The runup from the waves reached 525 m (1,722 ft) on the rim of Lituya Bay; five people were killed.
    • 1962 – Starfish Prime tests the effects of a nuclear test at orbital altitudes.
    • 1979 – A car bomb destroys a Renault motor car owned by “Nazi hunters” Serge and Beate Klarsfeld outside their home in France in an unsuccessful assassination attempt.
    • 1982 – Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana, killing all 145 people on board and eight others on the ground.
    • 1986 – The New Zealand Parliament passes the Homosexual Law Reform Act legalising homosexuality in New Zealand.
    • 1993 – The Parliament of Canada passes the Nunavut Act leading to the 1999 creation of Nunavut, dividing the Northwest Territories into arctic (Inuit) and sub-arctic (Dene) lands based on a plebiscite.
    • 1995 – The Navaly church bombing is carried out by the Sri Lanka Air Force killing 125 Tamil civilian refugees.
    • 1999 – Days of student protests begin after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory at the University of Tehran.
    • 2002 – The African Union is established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, replacing the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). The organization’s first chairman is Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa.
    • 2006 – One hundred and twenty-five people are killed when S7 Airlines Flight 778, an Airbus A310 passenger jet, veers off the runway while landing in wet conditions at Irkutsk Airport in Siberia.
    • 2011 – South Sudan gains independence and secedes from Sudan.

    Births on July 9

    • 1249 – Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)
    • 1455 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (d. 1517)
    • 1511 – Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1571)
    • 1526 – Elizabeth of Austria, Polish noble (d. 1545)
    • 1577 – Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English-American soldier and politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1618)
    • 1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1637)
    • 1654 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (d. 1732)
    • 1686 – Philip Livingston, American merchant and politician (d. 1749)
    • 1689 – Alexis Piron, French epigrammatist and playwright (d. 1773)
    • 1721 – Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet and author (d. 1781)
    • 1753 – William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, English admiral and politician, 34th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1825)
    • 1764 – Ann Ward, English author and poet (d. 1823)
    • 1775 – Matthew Lewis, English author and playwright (d. 1818)
    • 1800 – Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German physician, pathologist, and anatomist (d. 1885)
    • 1808 – Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and colonel (d. 1887)
    • 1819 – Elias Howe, American inventor, invented the sewing machine (d. 1867)
    • 1825 – A. C. Gibbs, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of Oregon (d. 1886)
    • 1828 – Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian cardinal (d. 1913)
    • 1834 – Jan Neruda, Czech journalist and poet (d. 1891)
    • 1836 – Camille of Renesse-Breidbach (d. 1904)
    • 1848 – Robert I, Duke of Parma (d. 1907)
    • 1853 – William Turner Dannat, American painter (d. 1929)
    • 1856 – John Verran, English-Australian politician, 26th Premier of South Australia (d. 1932)
    • 1858 – Franz Boas, German-American anthropologist and linguist (d. 1942)
    • 1867 – Georges Lecomte, French author and playwright (d. 1958)
    • 1879 – Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician and parasitologist (d. 1934)
    • 1879 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1936)
    • 1887 – James Ormsbee Chapin, American-Canadian painter and illustrator (d. 1975)
    • 1887 – Saturnino Herrán, Mexican painter (d. 1918)
    • 1887 – Samuel Eliot Morison, American admiral and historian (d. 1976)
    • 1889 – Léo Dandurand, American-Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and referee (d. 1964)
    • 1893 – George Geary, English cricketer and coach (d. 1981)
    • 1901 – Barbara Cartland, prolific English author (d. 2000)
    • 1902 – Peter Acland, English soldier (d. 1993)
    • 1905 – Clarence Campbell, Canadian ice hockey player and referee (d. 1984)
    • 1907 – Eddie Dean, American singer-songwriter (d. 1999)
    • 1908 – Allamah Rasheed Turabi, Pakistani philosopher and scholar (d. 1973)
    • 1908 – Minor White, American photographer, critic, and educator (d. 1976)
    • 1909 – Basil Wolverton, American author and illustrator (d. 1978)
    • 1910 – Govan Mbeki, South African anti-apartheid and ANC leader and activist (d. 2001)
    • 1911 – Mervyn Peake, English author and illustrator (d. 1968)
    • 1911 – John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist and author (d. 2008)
    • 1914 – Willi Stoph, German engineer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of East Germany (d. 1999)
    • 1914 – Mac Wilson, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017)
    • 1915 – David Diamond, American composer and educator (d. 2005)
    • 1915 – Lee Embree, American sergeant and photographer (d. 2008)
    • 1916 – Dean Goffin, New Zealand composer (d. 1984)
    • 1916 – Edward Heath, English colonel and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
    • 1917 – Krystyna Dańko, Polish orphan, survivor of Holocaust (d. 2019)
    • 1918 – Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn, Dutch mathematician and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1918 – Jarl Wahlström, Finnish 12th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – David C. Jones, American general (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Angelines Fernández, Spanish-Mexican actress (d. 1994)
    • 1922 – Jim Pollard, American basketball player and coach (d. 1993)
    • 1924 – Pierre Cochereau, French organist and composer (d. 1984)
    • 1925 – Guru Dutt, Indian actor, director, and producer (d. 1964)
    • 1925 – Charles E. Wicks, American engineer, author, and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1925 – Ronald I. Spiers, American ambassador
    • 1926 – Murphy Anderson, American illustrator (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Ben Roy Mottelson, American-Danish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1926 – Pedro Dellacha, Argentine football defender and coach (d. 2010)
    • 1926 – Mathilde Krim, Italian-American medical researcher and health educator (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – Ed Ames, American singer and actor
    • 1927 – Red Kelly, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and politician (d. 2019)
    • 1928 – Federico Bahamontes, Spanish cyclist
    • 1928 – Vince Edwards, American actor, singer, and director (d. 1996)
    • 1929 – Lee Hazlewood, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2007)
    • 1929 – Jesse McReynolds, American singer and mandolin player
    • 1929 – Chi Haotian, Chinese general
    • 1929 – Hassan II of Morocco (d. 1999)
    • 1930 – K. Balachander, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Buddy Bregman, American composer and conductor (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Janice Lourie, American computer scientist and graphic artist
    • 1930 – Elsa Lystad, Norwegian actress
    • 1930 – Roy McLean, South African cricketer and rugby player (d. 2007)
    • 1931 – Haynes Johnson, American journalist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Sylvia Bacon, American judge
    • 1932 – Donald Rumsfeld, American captain and politician, 13th United States Secretary of Defense
    • 1932 – Amitzur Shapira, Israeli sprinter and long jumper (d. 1972)
    • 1933 – Oliver Sacks, English-American neurologist, author, and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1934 – Michael Graves, American architect, designed the Portland Building and the Humana Building (d. 2015)
    • 1935 – Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician, Dutch Minister of Finance (d. 2005)
    • 1935 – Mercedes Sosa, Argentinian singer and activist (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – Michael Williams, English actor (d. 2001)
    • 1936 – June Jordan, American poet and educator (d. 2002)
    • 1936 – David Zinman, American violinist and conductor
    • 1937 – David Hockney, English painter and photographer
    • 1938 – Brian Dennehy, American actor (d. 2020)
    • 1938 – Sanjeev Kumar, Indian film actor (d. 1985)
    • 1940 – David B. Frohnmayer, American lawyer and politician, 12th Oregon Attorney General (d. 2015)
    • 1940 – Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, American psychoanalyst and theorist (d. 2010)
    • 1941 – Mac MacLeod, English musician
    • 1942 – David Chidgey, Baron Chidgey, English engineer and politician
    • 1942 – Richard Roundtree, American actor
    • 1943 – John Casper, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1944 – Judith M. Brown, Indian-English historian and academic
    • 1944 – John Cunniff, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2002)
    • 1945 – Dean Koontz, American author and screenwriter
    • 1945 – Root Boy Slim, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1993)
    • 1946 – Bon Scott, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (d. 1980)
    • 1947 – Haruomi Hosono, Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
    • 1947 – Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (d. 2008)
    • 1947 – O. J. Simpson, American football player and actor
    • 1947 – Patrick Wormald, English historian (d. 2004)
    • 1948 – Hassan Wirajuda, Indonesian lawyer and politician, 15th Indonesian Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1949 – Raoul Cédras, Haitian military officer and politician
    • 1950 – Amal ibn Idris al-Alami, Moroccan physician and neurosurgeon
    • 1950 – Adriano Panatta, Italian tennis player and sailor
    • 1950 – Viktor Yanukovych, Ukrainian engineer and politician, 4th President of Ukraine
    • 1951 – Chris Cooper, American actor
    • 1951 – Māris Gailis, Latvian politician, businessman, and former Prime Minister of Latvia
    • 1952 – John Tesh, American pianist, composer, and radio and television host
    • 1953 – Margie Gillis, Canadian dancer and choreographer
    • 1953 – Thomas Ligotti, American author
    • 1954 – Théophile Abega, Cameroonian footballer and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1954 – Kevin O’Leary, Canadian journalist and businessman
    • 1955 – Steve Coppell, English footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Lindsey Graham, American colonel, lawyer, and politician
    • 1955 – Jimmy Smits, American actor and producer
    • 1955 – Willie Wilson, American baseball player and manager
    • 1956 – Tom Hanks, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1956 – Michael Lederer, American author, poet, and playwright
    • 1957 – Marc Almond, English singer-songwriter
    • 1957 – Tim Kring, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1957 – Kelly McGillis, American actress
    • 1957 – Paul Merton, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
    • 1958 – Abdul Latiff Ahmad, Malaysian politician
    • 1958 – Jacob Joseph, Malaysian football coach
    • 1959 – Jim Kerr, Scottish singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1959 – Kevin Nash, American wrestler
    • 1959 – Clive Stafford Smith, English lawyer and author
    • 1960 – Yūko Asano, Japanese actress and singer
    • 1960 – Wally Fullerton Smith, Australian rugby league player
    • 1960 – Eduardo Montes-Bradley, Argentinian journalist, photographer, and author
    • 1963 – Klaus Theiss, German footballer
    • 1964 – Courtney Love, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
    • 1964 – Gianluca Vialli, Italian footballer and coach
    • 1965 – Frank Bello, American bass player
    • 1965 – Thomas Jahn, German director and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Jason Rhoades, American sculptor (d. 2006)
    • 1966 – Pamela Adlon, American actress and voice artist
    • 1966 – Zheng Cao, Chinese-American soprano and actress (d. 2013)
    • 1966 – Gary Glasberg, American television writer and producer (d. 2016)
    • 1966 – Marco Pennette, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1967 – Gunnar Axén, Swedish politician
    • 1967 – Yordan Letchkov, Bulgarian footballer
    • 1967 – Mark Stoops, American football player and coach
    • 1968 – Paolo Di Canio, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1968 – Lars Gyllenhaal, Swedish historian and author
    • 1969 – Nicklas Barker, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1969 – Jason Kearton, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1970 – Trent Green, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1970 – Masami Tsuda, Japanese author and illustrator
    • 1971 – Marc Andreessen, American software developer, co-founded Netscape
    • 1972 – Ara Babajian, American drummer and songwriter
    • 1973 – Kelly Holcomb, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1974 – Siân Berry, English environmentalist and politician
    • 1974 – Ian Bradshaw, Barbadian cricketer
    • 1974 – Gary Kelly, Irish footballer
    • 1974 – Nikola Šarčević, Swedish singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1975 – Shelton Benjamin, American wrestler
    • 1975 – Isaac Brock, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1975 – Robert Koenig, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1975 – Craig Quinnell, Welsh rugby player
    • 1975 – Jack White, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1976 – Thomas Cichon, Polish-German footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Fred Savage, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1976 – Radike Samo, Fijian-Australian rugby player
    • 1978 – Kara Goucher, American runner
    • 1978 – Nuno Santos, Portuguese footballer
    • 1979 – Gary Chaw, Malaysian Chinese singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Lee Chun-soo, South Korean footballer
    • 1981 – Junauda Petrus, American author and performance artist
    • 1982 – Alecko Eskandarian, American soccer player and manager
    • 1982 – Sakon Yamamoto, Japanese race car driver
    • 1984 – Chris Campoli, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Gianni Fabiano, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Jacob Hoggard, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1984 – Ave Pajo, Estonian footballer
    • 1984 – Piia Suomalainen, Finnish tennis player
    • 1984 – LA Tenorio, Filipino basketball player
    • 1985 – Paweł Korzeniowski, Polish swimmer
    • 1985 – Ashley Young, English footballer
    • 1986 – Sébastien Bassong, Cameroonian footballer
    • 1986 – Simon Dumont, American skier
    • 1986 – Kiely Williams, American singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1987 – Gert Jõeäär, Estonian cyclist
    • 1987 – Rebecca Sugar, American animator, composer, and screenwriter
    • 1988 – Raul Rusescu, Romanian footballer
    • 1990 – Earl Bamber, New Zealand race car driver
    • 1990 – Fábio, Brazilian footballer
    • 1990 – Rafael, Brazilian footballer
    • 1991 – Mitchel Musso, American actor and singer
    • 1993 – Mitch Larkin, Australian swimmer
    • 1993 – DeAndre Yedlin, American footballer
    • 1999 – Claire Corlett, American voice actress

    Deaths on July 9

    • 230 – Empress Dowager Bian, Cao Cao’s wife (b. 159)
    • 518 – Anastasius I Dicorus, Byzantine emperor (b. 430)
    • 715 – Naga, Japanese prince
    • 880 – Ariwara no Narihira, Japanese poet (b. 825)
    • 981 – Ramiro Garcés, king of Viguera
    • 1169 – Guido of Ravenna, Italian cartographer, entomologist and historian
    • 1228 – Stephen Langton, English cardinal and theologian (b. 1150)
    • 1270 – Stephen Báncsa, Hungarian cardinal (b. c. 1205)
    • 1386 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (b. 1351)
    • 1441 – Jan van Eyck, Dutch painter
    • 1546 – Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, Scottish statesman (b. c. 1493)
    • 1553 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b. 1521)
    • 1654 – Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (b. 1633)
    • 1706 – Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville, Canadian captain and explorer (b. 1661)
    • 1737 – Gian Gastone de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
    • 1742 – John Oldmixon, English historian, poet, and playwright (b. 1673)
    • 1746 – Philip V of Spain (b. 1683)
    • 1747 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (b. 1670)
    • 1766 – Jonathan Mayhew, American minister (b. 1720)
    • 1795 – Henry Seymour Conway, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1721)
    • 1797 – Edmund Burke, Irish-English philosopher, academic, and politician (b. 1729)
    • 1828 – Cathinka Buchwieser, German operatic singer and actress (b. 1789)
    • 1850 – Báb, Persian religious leader, founded Bábism (b. 1819)
    • 1850 – Zachary Taylor, American general and politician, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
    • 1852 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan, American lawyer and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1794)
    • 1856 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist and academic (b. 1776)
    • 1856 – James Strang, American religious leader and politician (b. 1813)
    • 1880 – Paul Broca, French physician and anatomist (b. 1824)
    • 1882 – Ignacio Carrera Pinto, Chilean captain (b. 1848)
    • 1903 – Alphonse François Renard, Belgian geologist and photographer (b. 1842)
    • 1927 – John Drew, Jr., American actor (b. 1853)
    • 1932 – King Camp Gillette, American businessman, founded the Gillette Company (b. 1855)
    • 1937 – Oliver Law, American commander (b. 1899)
    • 1938 – Benjamin N. Cardozo, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1870)
    • 1947 – Lucjan Żeligowski, Polish-Lithuanian general and politician (b. 1865)
    • 1949 – Fritz Hart, English-Australian composer and conductor (b. 1874)
    • 1951 – Harry Heilmann, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1894)
    • 1955 – Don Beauman, English race car driver (b. 1928)
    • 1955 – Adolfo de la Huerta, Mexican politician and provisional president, 1920 (b. 1881)
    • 1959 – Ferenc Talányi, Slovene journalist and painter (b. 1883)
    • 1962 – Georges Bataille, French philosopher, novelist, and poet (b. 1897)
    • 1961 – Whittaker Chambers, American spy and witness in Hiss case(b. 1901)
    • 1967 – Eugen Fischer, German physician and academic (b. 1874)
    • 1967 – Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani dentist and politician (b. 1893)
    • 1970 – Sigrid Holmquist, Swedish actress (b. 1899)
    • 1971 – Karl Ast, Estonian author and politician (b. 1886)
    • 1972 – Robert Weede, American opera singer (b. 1903)
    • 1974 – Earl Warren, American jurist and politician, 14th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1891)
    • 1977 – Alice Paul, American activist (b. 1885)
    • 1979 – Cornelia Otis Skinner, American actress and author (b. 1899)
    • 1980 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet, playwright, and composer (b. 1913)
    • 1984 – Edna Ernestine Kramer, American mathematician (b. 1902)
    • 1985 – Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1896)
    • 1985 – Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish-American activist, founded Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
    • 1986 – Patriarch Nicholas VI of Alexandria (b. 1915)
    • 1992 – Kelvin Coe, Australian ballet dancer (b. 1946)
    • 1992 – Eric Sevareid, American journalist (b. 1912)
    • 1993 – Metin Altıok, Turkish poet and educator (b. 1940)
    • 1994 – Bill Mosienko, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)
    • 1996 – Melvin Belli, American lawyer (b. 1907)
    • 1999 – Robert de Cotret, Canadian politician, 56th Secretary of State for Canada (b. 1944)
    • 2000 – Doug Fisher, English actor (b. 1941)
    • 2002 – Mayo Kaan, American bodybuilder (b. 1914)
    • 2002 – Rod Steiger, American actor (b. 1925)
    • 2004 – Paul Klebnikov, American journalist and historian (b. 1963)
    • 2004 – Isabel Sanford, American actress (b. 1917)
    • 2005 – Chuck Cadman, Canadian engineer and politician (b. 1948)
    • 2005 – Yevgeny Grishin, Russian speed skater (b. 1931)
    • 2005 – Alex Shibicky, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1914)
    • 2006 – Milan Williams, American keyboard player and producer (b. 1948)
    • 2007 – Charles Lane, American actor (b. 1905)
    • 2008 – Séamus Brennan, Irish accountant and politician, Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport (b. 1948)
    • 2010 – Jessica Anderson, Australian author and playwright (b. 1916)
    • 2011 – Don Ackerman, American basketball player (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Facundo Cabral, Argentinian singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
    • 2012 – Shin Jae-chul, South Korean-American martial artist (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Chick King, American baseball player (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Terepai Maoate, Cook Islander physician and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1934)
    • 2012 – Eugênio Sales, Brazilian cardinal (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Markus Büchel, Liechtensteiner politician, 9th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (b. 1959)
    • 2013 – Andrew Nori, Solomon lawyer and politician (b. 1952)
    • 2013 – Kiril of Varna, Bulgarian metropolitan (b. 1954)
    • 2013 – Barbara Robinson, American author and poet (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Toshi Seeger, American activist, co-founded the Clearwater Festival (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – Lorenzo Álvarez Florentín, Paraguayan violinist and composer (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – David Azrieli, Polish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – Eileen Ford, American businesswoman, co-founded Ford Models (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – John Spinks, English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1953)
    • 2015 – Christian Audigier, French fashion designer (b. 1958)
    • 2015 – Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1940)
    • 2019 – William E. Dannemeyer, American politician (b. 1929)
    • 2019 – Ross Perot, American businessman and politician (b. 1930)
    • 2019 – Fernando de la Rúa, 43rd President of Argentina (b. 1937)
    • 2019 – Rip Torn, American actor (b. 1931)
    • 2019 – Freddie Jones, English actor (b. 1927)

    Holidays and observances on July 9

    • Arbor Day (Cambodia)
    • Christian Feast Day:
      • Agilulfus of Cologne
      • Amandina of Schakkebroek (one of Martyrs of Southern Hunan)
      • Blessed Marija Petković
      • Everilda
      • Gregorio Grassi (one of Martyrs of Shanxi)
      • Martyr Saints of China
      • Martyrs of Gorkum
      • Our Lady of Itatí
      • Our Lady of Peace, Octave of the Visitation
      • Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá
      • Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus
      • Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican commemoration)
      • Veronica Giuliani
      • July 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Constitution Day (Australia)
    • Constitution Day (Palau)
    • Constitutionalist Revolution Day (São Paulo)
    • Day of the Employees of the Diplomatic Service (Azerbaijan)
    • Earliest day on which Martyrdom of the Báb can fall, while July 10 is the latest; observed on the 17th of Raḥmat (Bahá’í Faith)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the declaration of independence of the United Provinces of South America by the Congress of Tucumán in 1816. (Argentina)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of South Sudan from Sudan in 2011.
    • Nunavut Day (Nunavut)