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    September 29 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 61 BC – Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
    • 1011 – Danes capture Canterbury after a siege, taking Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury, as a prisoner.
    • 1227 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, is excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX for his failure to participate in the Crusades.
    • 1267 – The Treaty of Montgomery recognises Llywelyn ap Gruffudd as Prince of Wales, but only as a vassal of King Henry III.
    • 1364 – English forces defeat the French in Brittany, ending the War of the Breton Succession.
    • 1578 – Tegucigalpa, capital city of Honduras, is claimed by the Spaniards.
    • 1637 – 42-year-old Lorenzo Ruiz dies.
    • 1717 – An earthquake strikes Antigua Guatemala, destroying much of the city’s architecture.
    • 1789 – The United States Department of War first establishes a regular army with a strength of several hundred men.
    • 1789 – The 1st United States Congress adjourns.
    • 1829 – The Metropolitan Police of London, later also known as the Met, is founded.
    • 1848 – The Battle of Pákozd is a stalemate between Hungarian and Croatian forces, and is the first battle of the Hungarian Revolution.
    • 1850 – The papal bull Universalis Ecclesiae restores the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales.
    • 1855 – The Philippine port of Iloilo is opened to world trade by the Spanish administration.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chaffin’s Farm is fought.
    • 1864 – The Treaty of Lisbon defines the boundaries between Spain and Portugal and abolishes the Couto Misto microstate.
    • 1885 – The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England.
    • 1907 – The cornerstone is laid at the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (better known as Washington National Cathedral) in Washington, D.C.
    • 1911 – Italy declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1918 – World War I: Bulgaria signs the Armistice of Salonica.
    • 1918 – The Hindenburg Line is broken by an Allied attack.
    • 1918 – Germany’s Supreme Army Command tells the Kaiser and the Chancellor to open negotiations for an armistice.
    • 1923 – The British Mandate for Palestine takes effect, creating Mandatory Palestine.
    • 1923 – The French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon takes effect.
    • 1923 – The First American Track & Field championships for women are held.
    • 1932 – Chaco War: Last day of the Battle of Boquerón between Paraguay and Bolivia.
    • 1940 – Two Avro Ansons collide in mid-air over New South Wales, Australia, remain locked together, then land safely.
    • 1941 – World War II: German forces, with the aid of local Ukrainian collaborators, begin the two-day Babi Yar massacre.
    • 1949 – The Communist Party of China writes the Common Programme for the future People’s Republic of China.
    • 1954 – The convention establishing CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) is signed.
    • 1957 – The Kyshtym disaster is the third-worst nuclear accident ever recorded.
    • 1971 – Oman joins the Arab League.
    • 1972 – China–Japan relations: Japan establishes diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China.
    • 1975 – WGPR becomes the first black-owned-and-operated television station in the US.
    • 1979 – The dictator Francisco Macias of Equatorial Guinea is shot by soldiers from Western Sahara.
    • 1988 – NASA launches STS-26, the first mission since the Challenger disaster.
    • 1990 – Construction of the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul (better known as Washington National Cathedral) is completed in Washington, D.C.
    • 1990 – The YF-22, which would later become the F-22 Raptor, flies for the first time.
    • 1991 – A Haitian coup d’état occurs.
    • 1992 – Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello is impeached.
    • 2004 – The asteroid 4179 Toutatis passes within four lunar distances of Earth.
    • 2004 – Burt Rutan’s Ansari SpaceShipOne performs a successful spaceflight, the first of two required to win the Ansari X Prize.
    • 2006 – A Boeing 737 and an Embraer 600 collide in mid-air, killing 154 people and triggering a Brazilian aviation crisis.
    • 2007 – Calder Hall, the world’s first commercial nuclear power station, is demolished in a controlled explosion.
    • 2009 – The 8.1 Mw  Samoa earthquake results in a tsunami that kills 189 and injures hundreds.
    • 2011 – The special court in India convicted all 269 accused officials for atrocity on Dalits and 17 for rape in the Vachathi case.
    • 2013 – Over 42 people are killed by members of Boko Haram at the College of Agriculture in Nigeria.
    • 2016 – Eleven days after the Uri attack, the Indian Army conducts “surgical strikes” against suspected militants in Pakistani-administered Kashmir.
    • 2019 – Violence and low turnout mar the 2019 Afghan presidential election.
    • 2019 – At least 59 people are reported dead due to monsoon rains in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India. 350 people have died this year due to rain in India, Nepal, and Bangladesh.

    Births on September 29

    • 106 BC – Pompey, Roman general and politician (d. 48 BC)
    • 929 – Qian Chu, Chinese king (Ten Kingdoms) (d. 988)
    • 1240 – Margaret of England, Queen consort of Scots (d. 1275)
    • 1276 – Christopher II of Denmark (d. 1332)
    • 1373 – Margaret of Bohemia, Burgravine of Nuremberg (d. 1410)
    • 1402 – Fernando, the Saint Prince, of Portugal (d. 1443)
    • 1403 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brzeg-Legnica and Cieszyn, German princess (d. 1449)
    • 1460 – Louis II de la Trémoille, French military leader (d. 1525)
    • 1463 – Louis I, Count of Löwenstein, founder of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim (d. 1523)
    • 1511 – Michael Servetus, Spanish physician, cartographer, and theologian (d. 1553)
    • 1527 – John Lesley, Scottish bishop (d. 1596)
    • 1538 – Joan Terès i Borrull, Spanish archbishop and academic (d. 1603)
    • 1547 – Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright (d. 1616)
    • 1548 – William V, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1626)
    • 1561 – Adriaan van Roomen, Flemish priest and mathematician (d. 1615)
    • 1574 – Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox, Scottish nobleman and politician (d. 1624)
    • 1602 – Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, English military leader (d. 1668)
    • 1636 – Thomas Tenison, English archbishop (d. 1715)
    • 1639 – William Russell, Lord Russell, English politician (d. 1683)
    • 1640 – Antoine Coysevox, French sculptor and educator (d. 1720)
    • 1674 – Jacques-Martin Hotteterre, French flute player and composer (d. 1763)
    • 1678 – Adrien Maurice de Noailles, French soldier and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1766)
    • 1691 – Richard Challoner, English bishop (d. 1781)
    • 1703 – François Boucher, French painter and set designer (d. 1770)
    • 1718 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Russian soldier and politician, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1783)
    • 1725 – Robert Clive, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire (d. 1774)
    • 1758 – Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, English admiral (d. 1805)
    • 1766 – Charlotte, Princess Royal of England (d. 1828)
    • 1786 – Guadalupe Victoria, Mexican general, lawyer, and politician, 1st President of Mexico (d. 1843)
    • 1803 – Mercator Cooper, American captain and explorer (d. 1872)
    • 1803 – Jacques Charles François Sturm, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1850)
    • 1808 – Henry Bennett, American lawyer and politician (d. 1868)
    • 1810 – Elizabeth Gaskell, English author (d. 1865)
    • 1816 – Paul Féval, père, French author and playwright (d. 1887)
    • 1832 – Joachim Oppenheim, rabbi and author (d. 1891)
    • 1832 – Miguel Miramón, Unconstitutional president of Mexico, 1859-1860 (d. 1867)
    • 1843 – Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (d. 1882)
    • 1844 – Miguel Ángel Juárez Celman, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 10th President of Argentina (d. 1909)
    • 1853 – Luther D. Bradley, American cartoonist (d. 1917)
    • 1863 – Hugo Haase, German lawyer, jurist, and politician (d. 1919)
    • 1864 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish philosopher and author (d. 1936)
    • 1866 – Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, Ukrainian historian, academic, and politician (d. 1934)
    • 1876 – Charlie Llewellyn, South African cricketer (d. 1964)
    • 1880 – Liberato Pinto, Portuguese colonel and politician, 79th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1949)
    • 1881 – Ludwig von Mises, Austrian-American economist, sociologist, and philosopher (d. 1973)
    • 1882 – Lilias Armstrong, English phonetician (d. 1937)
    • 1885 – George Scott, English footballer (d. 1916)
    • 1891 – Ian Fairweather, Scottish-Australian painter (d. 1974)
    • 1895 – Clarence Ashley, American singer, guitarist, and banjo player (d. 1967)
    • 1895 – Joseph Banks Rhine, American botanist and parapsychologist (d. 1980)
    • 1895 – Roscoe Turner, American pilot (d. 1970)
    • 1897 – Herbert Agar, American journalist and historian (d. 1980)
    • 1898 – Trofim Lysenko, Ukrainian-Russian biologist and agronomist (d. 1976)
    • 1899 – László Bíró, Hungarian-Argentinian journalist and inventor, invented the ballpoint pen (d. 1985)
    • 1899 – Billy Butlin, South African-English businessman, founded Butlins (d. 1980)
    • 1901 – Lanza del Vasto, Italian poet, philosopher, and activist (d. 1981)
    • 1901 – Enrico Fermi, Italian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
    • 1903 – Miguel Alemán Valdés, Mexican lawyer and civilian politician, 46th President of Mexico (1946-1952) (d. 1983)
    • 1903 – Diana Vreeland, American journalist (d. 1989)
    • 1904 – Greer Garson, English-American actress (d. 1996)
    • 1907 – Gene Autry, American singer, actor, and businessman (d. 1998)
    • 1907 – George W. Jenkins, American businessman, founded Publix (d. 1996)
    • 1908 – Eddie Tolan, American sprinter and educator (d. 1967)
    • 1910 – Bill Boyd, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
    • 1910 – Virginia Bruce, American actress (d. 1982)
    • 1911 – Charles Court, English-Australian politician, 21st Premier of Western Australia (d. 2007)
    • 1912 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2007)
    • 1913 – Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
    • 1913 – Stanley Kramer, American director and producer (d. 2001)
    • 1915 – Vincent DeDomenico, American businessman, founded the Napa Valley Wine Train (d. 2007)
    • 1915 – Oscar Handlin, American historian and academic (d. 2011)
    • 1915 – Brenda Marshall, American actress (d. 1992)
    • 1916 – Carl Giles, English cartoonist (d. 1995)
    • 1919 – Kira Zvorykina, Belarusian chess player (d. 2014)
    • 1920 – Peter D. Mitchell, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
    • 1920 – Václav Neumann, Czech violinist and conductor (d. 1995)
    • 1921 – John Ritchie, New Zealand composer and educator (d. 2014)
    • 1921 – Albie Roles, English footballer and manager (d. 2012)
    • 1922 – Lizabeth Scott, American actress (d. 2015)
    • 1923 – Stan Berenstain, American author and illustrator (d. 2005)
    • 1923 – Bum Phillips, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Steve Forrest, American actor (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Paul MacCready, American engineer, founded AeroVironment (d. 2007)
    • 1926 – Chuck Cooper, American basketball player (d. 1984)
    • 1926 – Pete Elliott, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1927 – Adhemar da Silva, Brazilian triple jumper and actor (d. 2001)
    • 1927 – Sherwood Johnston, American race car driver (d. 2000)
    • 1927 – Pete McCloskey, American colonel and politician
    • 1927 – Barbara Mertz, American historian and author (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Eric Lubbock, 4th Baron Avebury, English lieutenant, engineer, and politician (d. 2016)
    • 1928 – Brajesh Mishra, Indian politician and diplomat, 1st Indian National Security Advisor (d. 2012)
    • 1928 – Nathan Shamuyarira, Zimbabwean journalist and politician, Zimbabwean Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Richard Bonynge, Australian pianist and conductor
    • 1930 – Colin Dexter, English author and educator (d. 2017)
    • 1931 – James Cronin, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2016)
    • 1931 – Anita Ekberg, Swedish-Italian model and actress (d. 2015)
    • 1931 – Paul Oestreicher, German-English priest and theologian
    • 1932 – Robert Benton, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1932 – Paul Giel, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2002)
    • 1933 – Samora Machel, Mozambican commander and politician, 1st President of Mozambique (d. 1986)
    • 1934 – Skandor Akbar, American wrestler and manager (d. 2010)
    • 1934 – Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Hungarian-American psychologist and academic
    • 1934 – Lance Gibbs, Guyanese cricketer and manager
    • 1934 – Stuart M. Kaminsky, American author and screenwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1934 – Lindsay Kline, Australian cricketer (d. 2015)
    • 1935 – Jerry Lee Lewis, American singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1936 – Silvio Berlusconi, Italian businessman and politician, 50th Prime Minister of Italy
    • 1936 – James Fogle, American author (d. 2012)
    • 1936 – Hal Trosky, Jr., American baseball player (d. 2012)
    • 1938 – Dave Harper, English footballer (d. 2013)
    • 1938 – Wim Kok, Dutch union leader and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2018)
    • 1939 – Fikret Abdić, Bosnian economist and politician
    • 1939 – Jim Baxter, Scottish footballer (d. 2001)
    • 1939 – Larry Linville, American actor (d. 2000)
    • 1939 – Rhodri Morgan, Welsh politician, 2nd First Minister of Wales (d. 2017)
    • 1940 – Brute Force, American singer-songwriter
    • 1940 – Carlos Morales Troncoso, Dominican politician, 34th Vice President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2014)
    • 1941 – David Steele, English cricketer
    • 1942 – Felice Gimondi, Italian cyclist
    • 1942 – Madeline Kahn, American actress and singer (d. 1999)
    • 1942 – Ian McShane, English actor
    • 1942 – Bill Nelson, American captain and politician
    • 1942 – Jean-Luc Ponty, French violinist and composer
    • 1942 – Janet Powell, Australian educator and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1942 – Steve Tesich, Serbian-American screenwriter and playwright (d. 1996)
    • 1943 – Wolfgang Overath, German footballer
    • 1943 – Lech Wałęsa, Polish electrician and politician, 2nd President of Poland, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1944 – Mike Post, American composer and producer
    • 1945 – Kyriakos Sfetsas, Greek composer and poet
    • 1945 – Nadezhda Chizhova, Russian shot putter
    • 1946 – Patricia Hodge, English actress
    • 1947 – Ülo Kaevats, Estonian philosopher, academic, and politician (d. 2015)
    • 1947 – S. H. Kapadia, Indian lawyer, judge, and politician, 38th Chief Justice of India (d. 2016)
    • 1947 – Gary Wetzel, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient
    • 1948 – Mark Farner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1948 – Bryant Gumbel, American journalist and sportscaster
    • 1948 – Theo Jörgensmann, German clarinet player and composer
    • 1948 – Mike Pinera, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1949 – George Dalaras, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1950 – Ken Macha, American baseball player and manager
    • 1951 – Michelle Bachelet, Chilean physician and politician, 34th President of Chile
    • 1951 – Pier Luigi Bersani, Italian educator and politician, 6th President of Emilia-Romagna
    • 1951 – Andrés Caicedo, Colombian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1977)
    • 1951 – Maureen Caird, Australian-New Zealand hurdler
    • 1951 – Mike Enriquez, Filipino journalist and radio commentator
    • 1952 – Roy Campbell, Jr., American trumpet player (d. 2014)
    • 1952 – Gábor Csupó, Hungarian-American animator, director, and producer, co-founded Klasky Csupo
    • 1952 – Richard Hodges, English archaeologist and academic
    • 1952 – Max Sandlin, American lawyer, judge, and politician
    • 1952 – Takanosato Toshihide, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 59th Yokozuna (d. 2011)
    • 1953 – Warren Cromartie, American baseball player, coach, and radio host
    • 1953 – Jean-Claude Lauzon, Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 1997)
    • 1953 – Lawrence Reed, American economist and author
    • 1954 – Uwe Jahn, German footballer and manager
    • 1954 – Mark Mitchell, Australian actor
    • 1955 – Ann Bancroft, American explorer and author
    • 1955 – Gareth Davies, Welsh rugby player and academic
    • 1955 – Joe Donnelly, American politician and lawyer
    • 1955 – Benoît Ferreux, French actor and director
    • 1955 – Gwen Ifill, American journalist (d. 2016)
    • 1956 – Sebastian Coe, English sprinter and politician
    • 1956 – Jenny Morris, New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1956 – Suzzy Roche, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1957 – Chris Broad, English cricketer and referee
    • 1957 – Sokratis Malamas, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1957 – Mark Nicholas, English cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1960 – Julian Armour, American-Canadian cellist and educator
    • 1960 – Kenneth Hansen, Swedish race car driver
    • 1960 – Alan McGee, Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1960 – Hubert Neuper, Austrian ski jumper
    • 1960 – John Paxson, American basketball player and coach
    • 1960 – David Sammartino, American wrestler and trainer
    • 1960 – Andy Slaughter, English politician
    • 1960 – Carol Welsman, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1961 – Julia Gillard, Welsh-Australian lawyer and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Australia
    • 1961 – Stephanie Miller, American comedian and radio host
    • 1962 – Roger Bart, American actor
    • 1963 – Dave Andreychuk, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1963 – Les Claypool, American bass player, singer, songwriter, and producer
    • 1964 – Brad Lohaus, American basketball player
    • 1966 – Hersey Hawkins, American basketball player and coach
    • 1966 – Ben Miles, English actor
    • 1967 – Brett Anderson, English singer-songwriter
    • 1967 – Sara Sankey, English badminton player
    • 1968 – Patrick Burns, American paranormal investigator
    • 1968 – Luke Goss, English actor
    • 1968 – Matt Goss, English singer-songwriter
    • 1969 – Erika Eleniak, American model and actress
    • 1969 – DeVante Swing, American singer-songwriter, and producer
    • 1969 – Aleks Syntek, Mexican singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1970 – Russell Peters, Canadian comedian, actor, and producer
    • 1970 – Yoshihiro Tajiri, Japanese wrestler and trainer
    • 1970 – Natasha Gregson Wagner, American actress
    • 1970 – Kushboo, South Indian actress and producer
    • 1971 – Yitzhak Yedid, Israeli-Australian composer & pianist
    • 1971 – Tanoka Beard, American basketball player
    • 1971 – Mackenzie Crook, English actor and screenwriter
    • 1971 – Theodore Shapiro, American composer
    • 1972 – Oliver Gavin, English race car driver
    • 1973 – Foivos Delivorias, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1973 – Shannon Larratt, Canadian publisher, founded BMEzine (d. 2013)
    • 1973 – Scout Niblett, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1974 – Brian Ash, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1974 – Matt Hullum, American actor, director, and producer, co-founded Rooster Teeth
    • 1974 – James Lance, British actor
    • 1975 – Albert Celades, Spanish footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Darren Byfield, English-Jamaican footballer
    • 1976 – Kelvin Davis, English footballer
    • 1976 – Óscar Sevilla, Spanish cyclist
    • 1976 – Andriy Shevchenko, Ukrainian footballer and politician
    • 1977 – Eric Barton, American football player
    • 1977 – Wade Brookbank, Canadian ice hockey player and scout
    • 1977 – Debelah Morgan, American singer-songwriter
    • 1977 – Jake Westbrook, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Mohini Bhardwaj, American gymnast and coach
    • 1978 – Gunner McGrath, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1978 – Karen Putzer, Italian skier
    • 1978 – Kurt Nilsen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1979 – Orhan Ak, Turkish footballer
    • 1979 – Takumi Beppu, Japanese cyclist and manager
    • 1979 – Artika Sari Devi, Indonesian model and actress
    • 1979 – Shelley Duncan, American baseball player and manager
    • 1979 – Jaime Lozano, Mexican footballer
    • 1980 – Patrick Agyemang, English footballer
    • 1980 – Dallas Green, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1980 – Zachary Levi, American actor and singer
    • 1981 – Aris Galanopoulos, Greek footballer
    • 1981 – Shane Smeltz, German-New Zealand footballer
    • 1982 – Matt Giteau, Australian rugby player
    • 1982 – Amy Williams, English skeleton racer
    • 1983 – Lisette Oropesa, American soprano and actress
    • 1984 – Per Mertesacker, German footballer
    • 1985 – Calvin Johnson, American football player
    • 1985 – Niklas Moisander, Finnish footballer
    • 1985 – Dani Pedrosa, Spanish motorcycle racer
    • 1985 – Magnus Gangstad Jørgensen, Norwegian music producer
    • 1986 – Lisa Foiles, American actress and journalist
    • 1986 – Mark Fraser, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Matt Lashoff, American ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Isaac Makwala, Botswanan sprinter
    • 1986 – Benoît Pouliot, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1987 – David Del Rio, American actor and director
    • 1988 – Kevin Durant, American basketball player
    • 1988 – Justin Nozuka, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1989 – Theo Adams, English photographer and director
    • 1989 – Adore Delano, American drag queen and singer
    • 1989 – Yevhen Konoplyanka, Ukrainian footballer
    • 1989 – Aaron Martin, English footballer
    • 1989 – Andrea Poli, Italian footballer
    • 1989 – Fatima Lodhi, Pakistani social activist
    • 1990 – Doug Brochu, American voice actor
    • 1990 – Gerphil Flores, Filipina classical crossover singer and Asia’s Got Talent finalist
    • 1990 – Lena Wermelt, German footballer
    • 1991 – Adem Ljajić, Serbian footballer
    • 1991 – Martin Jensen, Danish musician
    • 1993 – Lee Hong-bin, South Korean singer
    • 1993 – Viktor Romanenkov, Estonian figure skater
    • 1993 – Oleg Vernyayev, Ukrainian artistic gymnast
    • 1998 – Vera Lapko, Belarusian tennis player
    • 1999 – Choi Ye-na, South Korean singer and dancer

    Deaths on September 29

    • 722 – Leudwinus, Frankish archbishop and saint (b. 660)
    • 855 – Lothair I, Roman emperor (b. 795)
    • 1186 – William of Tyre, Archbishop of Tyre (b. c. 1130)
    • 1225 – Arnaud Amalric, Papal legate who allegedly promoted mass murder
    • 1298 – Guido I da Montefeltro, Italian military strategist (b. 1223)
    • 1304 – John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey, English general (b. 1231)
    • 1360 – Joanna I of Auvergne, queen consort of France (b. 1326)
    • 1364 – Charles I, Duke of Brittany (b. 1319)
    • 1382 – ‘Izz al-Din ibn Rukn al-Din Mahmud, malik of Sistan
    • 1501 – Andrew Stewart, Scottish bishop (b. 1442)
    • 1560 – Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1496)
    • 1622 – Conrad Vorstius, German-Dutch Remonstrant theologian (b. 1569)
    • 1634 – Henry Hyde, English politician and lawyer (b.c. 1563)
    • 1637 – Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino martyr and saint (b. 1600)
    • 1642 – René Goupil, French missionary and saint (b. 1608)
    • 1642 – William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire (b. 1561)
    • 1703 – Charles de Saint-Évremond, French-English soldier, author, and critic (b. 1610)
    • 1800 – Michael Denis, Austrian poet and author (b. 1729)
    • 1804 – Michael Hillegas, American politician, 1st Treasurer of the United States (b. 1728)
    • 1833 – Ferdinand VII of Spain (b. 1784)
    • 1862 – William “Bull” Nelson, American general (b. 1824)
    • 1887 – Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon and academic (b. 1810)
    • 1889 – Louis Faidherbe, French general and politician (b. 1818)
    • 1900 – Samuel Fenton Cary, American lawyer and politician (b. 1814)
    • 1902 – William McGonagall, Scottish poet and actor (b. 1825)
    • 1902 – Émile Zola, French journalist, author, and playwright (b. 1840)
    • 1908 – Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1839)
    • 1910 – Winslow Homer, American painter, illustrator, and engraver (b. 1836)
    • 1913 – Rudolf Diesel, German engineer, invented the diesel engine (b. 1858)
    • 1918 – Lawrence Weathers, decorated WWI Australian soldier (b. 1890).
    • 1925 – Léon Bourgeois, French police officer and politician, 64th Prime Minister of France, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1851)
    • 1927 – Arthur Achleitner, German journalist and author (b. 1858)
    • 1927 – Willem Einthoven, Indonesian-Dutch physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860)
    • 1928 – John Devoy, Irish-American Fenian rebel leader (b. 1842)
    • 1930 – Ilya Repin, Ukrainian-Russian painter and illustrator (b. 1844)
    • 1937 – Marie Zdeňka Baborová-Čiháková, Czech botanist and zoologist (b. 1877)
    • 1937 – Ray Ewry, American triple jumper (b. 1873)
    • 1937 – Ernst Hoppenberg, German swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878)
    • 1951 – Thomas Cahill, American soccer player and coach (b. 1864)
    • 1952 – John Cobb, English race car driver and pilot (b. 1899)
    • 1967 – Carson McCullers, American novelist, playwright, essayist, and poet (b. 1917)
    • 1970 – Edward Everett Horton, American actor (b. 1886)
    • 1973 – W. H. Auden, English-American poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1907)
    • 1975 – Casey Stengel, American baseball player and manager (b. 1890)
    • 1981 – Bill Shankly, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1913)
    • 1982 – Monty Stratton, American baseball player and coach (b. 1912)
    • 1986 – Prince George Valdemar of Denmark (b. 1920)
    • 1987 – Henry Ford II, American businessman (b. 1917)
    • 1988 – Charles Addams, American cartoonist (b. 1912)
    • 1989 – Gussie Busch, American businessman (b. 1899)
    • 1989 – Georges Ulmer, Danish-French singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1919)
    • 1993 – Gordon Douglas, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1907)
    • 1997 – Roy Lichtenstein, American painter and sculptor (b. 1923)
    • 1998 – Tom Bradley, American lieutenant and politician, 38th Mayor of Los Angeles (b. 1917)
    • 1999 – Jean-Louis Millette, Canadian actor (b. 1935)
    • 2000 – John Grant, English journalist and politician (b. 1932)
    • 2001 – Mabel Fairbanks, American figure skater and coach (b. 1915)
    • 2001 – Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, Vietnamese general and politician, 5th President of South Vietnam (b. 1923)
    • 2004 – Richard Sainct, French motorcycle racer (b. 1970)
    • 2004 – Patrick Wormald, English historian (b. 1947)
    • 2005 – Patrick Caulfield, English painter and academic (b. 1936)
    • 2005 – Austin Leslie, American chef and author (b. 1934)
    • 2006 – Walter Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer and manager (b. 1915)
    • 2006 – Michael A. Monsoor, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1981)
    • 2006 – Louis-Albert Vachon, Canadian cardinal (b. 1912)
    • 2007 – Lois Maxwell, Canadian actress (b. 1927)
    • 2007 – Yıldırım Aktuna, Turkish psychiatrist and politician, Turkish Minister of Health (b. 1930)
    • 2008 – Hayden Carruth, American poet and critic (b. 1921)
    • 2009 – Pavel Popovich, Ukrainian general, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1930)
    • 2010 – Tony Curtis, American actor (b. 1925)
    • 2010 – Greg Giraldo, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1965)
    • 2011 – Sylvia Robinson, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Hathloul bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian prince (b. 1942)
    • 2012 – Neil Smith, Scottish geographer and academic (b. 1954)
    • 2012 – Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, American publisher (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – Malcolm Wicks, English academic and politician (b. 1947)
    • 2013 – Harold Agnew, American physicist and engineer (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Anton Benning, German lieutenant (b. 1918)
    • 2013 – Pete T. Cenarrusa, American soldier, pilot, and politician, Secretary of State of Idaho (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Carl Joachim Classen, German scholar and academic (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – L. C. Greenwood, American football player (b. 1946)
    • 2013 – Bob Kurland, American basketball player and politician (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Miguel Boyer, Spanish economist and politician (b. 1939)
    • 2014 – Andreas Fransson, Swedish skier (b. 1983)
    • 2014 – Stan Monteith, American surgeon and author (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Luis Nishizawa, Mexican painter and educator (b. 1918)
    • 2014 – John Ritchie, New Zealand composer and educator (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – George Shuba, American baseball player (b. 1924)
    • 2015 – Nawwaf bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian prince (b. 1932)
    • 2015 – Hellmuth Karasek, Czech-German journalist, author, and critic (b. 1934)
    • 2015 – William Kerslake, American wrestler and engineer (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Jean Ter-Merguerian, French-Armenian violinist (b. 1935)
    • 2015 – Phil Woods, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1931)
    • 2016 – Miriam Defensor Santiago, Filipina politician (b. 1945)
    • 2017 – Tom Alter, Indian actor (b. 1950)
    • 2018 – Otis Rush, American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1934)

    Holidays and observances on September 29

    • Christian feast day:
      • Rhipsime
      • September 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
      • the Archangels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael. One of the four quarter days in the Irish calendar. (England and Ireland). Called Michaelmas in some western liturgical traditions
    • Day of Machine-Building Industry Workers (Russia)
    • Inventors’ Day (Argentina)
    • Victory of Boquerón Day (Paraguay)
    • World Heart Day

  • July 24 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
    • 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
    • 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle: King Edward I of England takes the stronghold using the War Wolf.
    • 1411 – Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place.
    • 1412 – Behnam Hadloyo becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin.
    • 1487 – Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands, strike against a ban on foreign beer.
    • 1534 – French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France.
    • 1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI.
    • 1701 – Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founds the trading post at Fort Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit.
    • 1783 – The Kingdom of Georgia and the Russian Empire sign the Treaty of Georgievsk.
    • 1814 – War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward the Niagara River to halt Jacob Brown’s American invaders.
    • 1823 – Afro-Chileans are emancipated.
    • 1823 – In Maracaibo, Venezuela, the naval Battle of Lake Maracaibo takes place, where Admiral José Prudencio Padilla defeats the Spanish Navy, thus culminating the independence for the Gran Colombia.
    • 1847 – After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
    • 1847 – Richard March Hoe, American inventor, patented the rotary-type printing press.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown: Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep them out of the Shenandoah Valley.
    • 1866 – Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
    • 1901 – O. Henry is released from prison in Columbus, Ohio, after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
    • 1910 – The Ottoman Empire captures the city of Shkodër, putting down the Albanian Revolt of 1910.
    • 1911 – Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu, “the Lost City of the Incas”.
    • 1915 – The passenger ship SS Eastland capsizes while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. A total of 844 passengers and crew are killed in the largest loss of life disaster from a single shipwreck on the Great Lakes.
    • 1922 – The draft of the British Mandate of Palestine was formally confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations; it came into effect on 26 September 1923.
    • 1923 – The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.
    • 1924 – Themistoklis Sofoulis becomes Prime Minister of Greece.
    • 1927 – The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
    • 1929 – The Kellogg–Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it is first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928, by most leading world powers).
    • 1935 – The Dust Bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109 °F (43 °C) in Chicago and 104 °F (40 °C) in Milwaukee.
    • 1937 – Alabama drops rape charges against the “Scottsboro Boys”.
    • 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, and American planes bomb the city by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
    • 1950 – Cape Canaveral Air Force Station begins operations with the launch of a Bumper rocket.
    • 1959 – At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev have a “Kitchen Debate”.
    • 1963 – The ship Bluenose II was launched in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. The schooner is a major Canadian symbol.
    • 1966 – Michael Pelkey makes the first BASE jump from El Capitan along with Brian Schubert. Both came out with broken bones. BASE jumping has now been banned from El Cap.
    • 1967 – During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! (“Long live free Quebec!”); the statement angered the Canadian government and many Anglophone Canadians.
    • 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
    • 1974 – Watergate scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
    • 1977 – End of a four-day-long Libyan–Egyptian War.
    • 1980 – The Quietly Confident Quartet of Australia wins the men’s 4 x 100 metre medley relay at the Moscow Olympics, the only time the United States has not won the event at Olympic level.
    • 1982 – Heavy rain causes a mudslide that destroys a bridge at Nagasaki, Japan, killing 299.
    • 1983 – The Black July anti-Tamil riots begin in Sri Lanka, killing between 400 and 3,000. Black July is generally regarded as the beginning of the Sri Lankan Civil War.
    • 1983 – George Brett batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the “Pine Tar Incident”.
    • 1987 – US supertanker SS Bridgeton collides with mines laid by IRGC causing a 43-square-meter dent in the body of the oil tanker.
    • 1987 – Hulda Crooks, at 91 years of age, climbed Mt. Fuji. Crooks became the oldest person to climb Japan’s highest peak.
    • 1998 – Russell Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
    • 2001 – Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, becoming the first monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
    • 2001 – The Bandaranaike Airport attack is carried out by 14 Tamil Tiger commandos. Eleven civilian and military aircraft are destroyed and 15 are damaged. All 14 commandos are shot dead, while seven soldiers from the Sri Lanka Air Force are killed. In addition, three civilians and an engineer die. This incident slowed the Sri Lankan economy.
    • 2013 – A high-speed train derails in Spain rounding a curve with an 80 km/h (50 mph) speed limit at 190 km/h (120 mph), killing 78 passengers.
    • 2014 – Air Algérie Flight 5017 loses contact with air traffic controllers 50 minutes after takeoff. It was travelling between Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and Algiers. The wreckage is later found in Mali. All 116 people onboard are killed.

    Births on July 24

    • 1242 – Christina von Stommeln, German Roman Catholic mystic, ecstatic, and stigmatic (d. 1312)
    • 1468 – Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria (d. 1524)
    • 1529 – Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (d. 1577)
    • 1561 – Maria of the Palatinate-Simmern (d. 1589)
    • 1574 – Thomas Platter the Younger, Swiss physician and author (d. 1628)
    • 1660 – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, English politician, Lord High Treasurer (d. 1718)
    • 1689 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, son of Queen Anne of Great Britain and Prince George of Denmark (d. 1700)
    • 1725 – John Newton, English sailor and priest (d. 1807)
    • 1757 – Vladimir Borovikovsky, Ukrainian-Russian painter (d. 1825)
    • 1783 – Simón Bolívar, Venezuelan commander and politician, 2nd President of Venezuela (d. 1830)
    • 1786 – Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (d. 1843)
    • 1794 – Johan Georg Forchhammer, Danish mineralogist and geologist (d. 1865)
    • 1802 – Alexandre Dumas, French novelist and playwright (d. 1870)
    • 1803 – Adolphe Adam, French composer and critic (d. 1856)
    • 1803 – Alexander J. Davis, American architect (d. 1892)
    • 1821 – William Poole, American boxer and gangster (d. 1855)
    • 1826 – Jan Gotlib Bloch, Polish theorist and activist (d. 1902)
    • 1851 – Friedrich Schottky, Polish-German mathematician and theorist (d. 1935)
    • 1856 – Émile Picard, French mathematician and academic (d. 1941)
    • 1857 – Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1943)
    • 1857 – Juan Vicente Gómez, Venezuelan general and politician, 27th President of Venezuela (d. 1935)
    • 1860 – Princess Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1919)
    • 1860 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter and illustrator (d. 1939)
    • 1864 – Frank Wedekind, German actor and playwright (d. 1918)
    • 1867 – Vicente Acosta, Salvadoran journalist and poet (d. 1908)
    • 1867 – E. F. Benson, English archaeologist and author (d. 1940)
    • 1867 – Fred Tate, English cricketer and coach (d. 1943)
    • 1874 – Oswald Chambers, Scottish minister and author (d. 1917)
    • 1877 – Calogero Vizzini, Italian mob boss (d. 1954)
    • 1878 – Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, Irish author, poet, and playwright (d. 1957)
    • 1880 – Ernest Bloch, Swiss-American composer and educator (d. 1959)
    • 1884 – Maria Caserini, Italian actress (d. 1969)
    • 1886 – Jun’ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese author (d. 1965)
    • 1888 – Arthur Richardson, Australian cricketer and coach (d. 1973)
    • 1889 – Agnes Meyer Driscoll, American cryptanalyst (d. 1971)
    • 1895 – Robert Graves, English poet, novelist, critic (d. 1985)
    • 1897 – Amelia Earhart, American pilot and author (d. 1937)
    • 1899 – Chief Dan George, Canadian actor (d. 1981)
    • 1900 – Zelda Fitzgerald, American author and poet (d. 1948)
    • 1904 – Leo Arnaud, French-American trombonist, composer, and conductor (d. 1991)
    • 1904 – Richard B. Morris, American historian and academic (d. 1989)
    • 1904 – Delmer Daves, American screenwriter, director and producer (d. 1977)
    • 1909 – John William Finn, American lieutenant, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2010)
    • 1910 – Harry Horner, American director and production designer (d. 1994)
    • 1912 – Essie Summers, New Zealand author (d. 1998)
    • 1913 – Britton Chance, American biologist and sailor (d. 2010)
    • 1914 – Frances Oldham Kelsey, Canadian pharmacologist and physician (d. 2015)
    • 1914 – Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2007)
    • 1914 – Alan Waddell, Australian walker (d. 2008)
    • 1915 – Enrique Fernando, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (d. 2004)
    • 1916 – John D. MacDonald, American colonel and author (d. 1986)
    • 1917 – Robert Farnon, Canadian trumpet player, composer, and conductor (d. 2005)
    • 1917 – Jack Moroney, Australian cricketer (d. 1999)
    • 1918 – Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist and educator (d. 2012)
    • 1919 – Robert Marsden Hope, Australian lawyer and judge (d. 1999)
    • 1919 – Kenneth S. Kleinknecht, NASA manager (d. 2007)
    • 1919 – John Winkin, American baseball player, coach, and journalist (d. 2014)
    • 1920 – Bella Abzug, American lawyer and politician (d. 1998)
    • 1920 – Constance Dowling, American model and actress (d. 1969)
    • 1921 – Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian tenor and actor (d. 2008)
    • 1921 – Billy Taylor, American pianist and composer (d. 2010)
    • 1922 – Madeleine Ferron, Canadian radio host and author (d. 2010)
    • 1924 – Wilfred Josephs, English composer (d. 1997)
    • 1924 – Aris Poulianos, Greek anthropologist and archaeologist
    • 1927 – Alex Katz, American painter and sculptor
    • 1927 – Zara Mints, Russian-Estonian philologist and academic (d. 1990)
    • 1930 – Alfred Balk, American journalist and author (d. 2010)
    • 1930 – Keshubhai Patel, Indian politician, 10th Chief Minister of Gujarat
    • 1931 – Ermanno Olmi, Italian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer (d. 2018)
    • 1931 – Éric Tabarly, French commander (d. 1998)
    • 1932 – Gustav Andreas Tammann, German astronomer and academic (d. 2019)
    • 1933 – Doug Sanders, American golfer (d. 2020)
    • 1934 – P. S. Soosaithasan, Sri Lankan accountant and politician (d. 2017)
    • 1935 – Aaron Elkins, American author and academic
    • 1935 – Pat Oliphant, Australian cartoonist
    • 1935 – Mel Ramos, American painter, illustrator, and academic (d. 2018)
    • 1935 – Les Reed, English pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2019)
    • 1935 – Derek Varnals, South African cricketer
    • 1936 – Ruth Buzzi, American actress and comedian
    • 1936 – Mark Goddard, American actor
    • 1937 – Manoj Kumar, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1937 – Quinlan Terry, English architect, designed the Brentwood Cathedral
    • 1938 – Alexis Jacquemin, Belgian economist and academic (d. 2004)
    • 1938 – Eugene J. Martin, American painter (d. 2005)
    • 1938 – John Sparling, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1939 – Walt Bellamy, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1939 – David Simon, Baron Simon of Highbury, English businessman and politician
    • 1940 – Dan Hedaya, American actor
    • 1941 – John Bond, English banker and businessman
    • 1942 – Heinz, German-English singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2000)
    • 1942 – David Miner, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1942 – Chris Sarandon, American actor
    • 1944 – Jim Armstrong, Northern Irish guitarist
    • 1945 – Frank Close, English physicist and academic
    • 1945 – Azim Premji, Indian businessman and philanthropist
    • 1945 – Hugh Ross, Canadian-American astrophysicist and astronomer
    • 1945 – Anthony Watts, English geologist, geophysicist, and academic
    • 1946 – Gallagher, American comedian and actor
    • 1946 – Friedhelm Haebermann, German footballer and manager
    • 1946 – Hervé Vilard, French singer-songwriter
    • 1947 – Zaheer Abbas, Pakistani cricketer and manager
    • 1947 – Geoff McQueen, English screenwriter and producer (d. 1994)
    • 1947 – Peter Serkin, American pianist and educator
    • 1949 – Michael Richards, American actor and comedian
    • 1950 – Jadranka Stojaković, Yugoslav singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
    • 1951 – Lynda Carter, American actress
    • 1951 – Chris Smith, Baron Smith of Finsbury, English politician, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
    • 1952 – Ian Cairns, Australian surfer
    • 1952 – Gus Van Sant, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1953 – Julian Brazier, English captain and politician
    • 1953 – Jon Faddis, American trumpet player, composer, and conductor
    • 1953 – Tadashi Kawamata, Japanese contemporary artist
    • 1953 – Claire McCaskill, American lawyer and politician
    • 1953 – James Newcome, English bishop
    • 1954 – Erdoğan Arıca, Turkish footballer and manager (d. 2012)
    • 1954 – Jorge Jesus, Portuguese footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Brad Watson, American author and academic
    • 1956 – Charlie Crist, American lawyer and politician, 44th Governor of Florida
    • 1957 – Pam Tillis, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
    • 1958 – Jim Leighton, Scottish footballer and coach
    • 1960 – Catherine Destivelle, French rock climber and mountaineer
    • 1961 – Kerry Dixon, English footballer and manager
    • 1962 – Johnny O’Connell, American race car driver and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Louis Armary, French rugby player
    • 1963 – Karl Malone, American basketball player and coach
    • 1964 – Barry Bonds, American baseball player
    • 1964 – Pedro Passos Coelho, Portuguese economist and politician, 118th Prime Minister of Portugal
    • 1964 – Urmas Kaljend, Estonian footballer
    • 1964 – John Rosengren, American journalist and author
    • 1965 – Andrew Gaze, Australian basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Kadeem Hardison, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Doug Liman, American director and producer
    • 1966 – Mo-Do, Italian singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1966 – Aminatou Haidar, Sahrawi human rights activist
    • 1966 – Martin Keown, English footballer and coach
    • 1968 – Kristin Chenoweth, American actress and singer
    • 1968 – Colleen Doran, American author and illustrator
    • 1968 – Malcolm Ingram, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1968 – Laura Leighton, American actress
    • 1969 – Rick Fox, Bahamian basketball player
    • 1969 – Jennifer Lopez, American actress, singer, and dancer
    • 1971 – Dino Baggio, Italian footballer
    • 1971 – Patty Jenkins, American film director and screenwriter
    • 1972 – Kaiō Hiroyuki, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1973 – Russell Bawden, Australian rugby league player
    • 1973 – Ana Cristina Oliveira, Portuguese model and actress
    • 1973 – Amanda Stretton, English race car driver and journalist
    • 1974 – Andy Gomarsall, English rugby player
    • 1975 – Tracey Crouch, English politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics
    • 1975 – Jamie Langenbrunner, American ice hockey player
    • 1975 – Torrie Wilson, American model, fitness competitor, actress and professional wrestler
    • 1975 – Eric Szmanda, American actor
    • 1976 – Rafer Alston, American basketball player
    • 1976 – Tiago Monteiro, Portuguese race car driver and manager
    • 1978 – Andy Irons, American surfer (d. 2010)
    • 1979 – Rose Byrne, Australian actress
    • 1979 – Jerrod Niemann, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1979 – Valerio Scassellati, Italian race car driver
    • 1979 – Anne-Gaëlle Sidot, French tennis player
    • 1979 – Mark Andrew Smith, American author
    • 1979 – Ryan Speier, American baseball player
    • 1980 – Joel Stroetzel, American guitarist
    • 1981 – Doug Bollinger, Australian cricketer
    • 1981 – Summer Glau, American actress
    • 1981 – Mark Robinson, English footballer
    • 1982 – Trevor Matthews, Canadian actor and producer, founded Brookstreet Pictures
    • 1982 – Thiago Medeiros, Brazilian race car driver
    • 1982 – Mewelde Moore, American football player
    • 1982 – Elisabeth Moss, American actress
    • 1982 – Anna Paquin, Canadian-New Zealand actress
    • 1982 – Michael Poppmeier, South African-German rugby player
    • 1983 – Daniele De Rossi, Italian footballer
    • 1983 – Asami Mizukawa, Japanese actress
    • 1984 – Patrick Harvey, Australian actor
    • 1984 – Tyler Kyte, Canadian singer and drummer
    • 1985 – Patrice Bergeron, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Aries Merritt, American hurdler
    • 1985 – Lukáš Rosol, Czech tennis player
    • 1985 – Eric Wright, American football player
    • 1986 – Natalie Tran, Australian actress, online producer
    • 1987 – Filipe Francisco dos Santos, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Nathan Gerbe, American ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Zack Sabre Jr., English wrestler
    • 1988 – Han Seung-yeon, South Korean singer and dancer
    • 1988 – Nichkhun, Thai-American singer-songwriter and actor
    • 1988 – Ricky Petterd, Australian footballer
    • 1989 – Maurkice Pouncey, American football player
    • 1989 – Kim Tae-hwan, South Korean footballer
    • 1990 – Daveigh Chase, American actress
    • 1990 – Travis Mahoney, Australian swimmer
    • 1991 – Manuel Fischnaller, Italian footballer
    • 1991 – Emily Bett Rickards, Canadian actress
    • 1992 – Mikaël Kingsbury, Canadian skier
    • 1992 – Mitch Grassi, American singer and songwriter
    • 1994 – Alejandra Álvarez, Ecuadorian tennis player
    • 1994 – Phillip Lindsay, American football player
    • 1995 – Valentine Holmes, Australian rugby league player
    • 1995 – Kyle Kuzma, American basketball player
    • 1995 – Meisei Chikara, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1997 – Emre Mor, Turkish football player
    • 2002 – Nicole Pircio, Brazilian rhythmic gymnast

    Deaths on July 24

    • 759 – Oswulf, king of Northumbria
    • 811 – Gao Ying, Chinese politician (b. 740)
    • 946 – Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid, Egyptian ruler (b. 882)
    • 1115 – Matilda of Tuscany (b. 1046)
    • 1129 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (b. 1053)
    • 1198 – Berthold of Hanover, Bishop of Livonia
    • 1345 – Jacob van Artevelde, Flemish statesman (b. 1290)
    • 1568 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias (b. 1545)
    • 1594 – John Boste, English martyr and saint (b. 1544)
    • 1601 – Joris Hoefnagel, Flemish painter (b. 1542)
    • 1612 – John Salusbury, Welsh politician and poet (b. 1567)
    • 1739 – Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer and educator (b. 1686)
    • 1768 – Nathaniel Lardner, English theologian and author (b. 1684)
    • 1862 – Martin Van Buren, American lawyer and politician, 8th President of the United States (b. 1782)
    • 1891 – Hermann Raster, German-American journalist and politician (b. 1827)
    • 1908 – Vicente Acosta, Salvadoran journalist and poet (b. 1867)
    • 1910 – Arkhip Kuindzhi, Ukrainian-Russian painter (b. 1841)
    • 1927 – Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Japanese author (b. 1892)
    • 1957 – Sacha Guitry, French actor and director (b. 1885)
    • 1962 – Wilfrid Noyce, English mountaineer and author (b. 1917)
    • 1965 – Constance Bennett, American actress and producer (b. 1904)
    • 1966 – Tony Lema, American golfer (b. 1934)
    • 1969 – Witold Gombrowicz, Polish author and playwright (b. 1904)
    • 1970 – Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman, philanthropist, and civil servant (b. 1897)
    • 1974 – James Chadwick, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
    • 1980 – Peter Sellers, English actor and comedian (b. 1925)
    • 1985 – Ezechiele Ramin, Italian missionary and martyr (b. 1953)
    • 1986 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, German-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
    • 1986 – Qudrat Ullah Shahab, Pakistani civil servant and author (b. 1917)
    • 1991 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
    • 1992 – Arletty, French actress and singer (b. 1898)
    • 1992 – Sam Berger, Canadian lawyer and businessman (b. 1900)
    • 1994 – Helen Cordero, Cochiti Pueblo (Native American) Pueblo potter (b. 1915)
    • 1995 – George Rodger, English photographer and journalist (b. 1908)
    • 1996 – Alphonso Theodore Roberts, Vincentian cricketer and activist (b. 1937)
    • 1997 – William J. Brennan Jr., American colonel and jurist (b. 1906)
    • 1997 – Saw Maung, Burmese general and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Burma (b. 1928)
    • 2000 – Ahmad Shamloo, Iranian poet and journalist (b. 1925)
    • 2001 – Georges Dor, Canadian author, playwright, and composer (b. 1931)
    • 2005 – Richard Doll, English physiologist and epidemiologist (b. 1912)
    • 2007 – Albert Ellis, American psychologist and author (b. 1913)
    • 2007 – Nicola Zaccaria, Greek opera singer (b. 1923)
    • 2008 – Norman Dello Joio, American pianist and composer (b. 1913)
    • 2011 – Frank Dietrich, German politician (b. 1966)
    • 2011 – Dan Peek, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1950)
    • 2011 – Harald Johnsen, Norwegian bassist and composer (b. 1970)
    • 2011 – David Servan-Schreiber, French physician, neuroscientist, and author (b. 1961)
    • 2011 – Skip Thomas, American football player (b. 1950)
    • 2012 – Chad Everett, American actor and director (b. 1937)
    • 2012 – Sherman Hemsley, American actor and singer (b. 1938)
    • 2012 – Larry Hoppen, American singer and guitarist (b. 1951)
    • 2012 – Robert Ledley, American physiologist and physicist, invented the CT scanner (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – Themo Lobos, Chilean author and illustrator (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – John Atta Mills, Ghanaian lawyer and politician, a President of Ghana (b. 1944)
    • 2012 – Gregorio Peces-Barba, Spanish jurist and politician (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Garry Davis, American pilot and activist, created the World Passport (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Fred Dretske, American philosopher and academic (b. 1932)
    • 2013 – Virginia E. Johnson, American psychologist and sexologist (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Pius Langa, South African lawyer and jurist, 19th Chief Justice of South Africa (b. 1939)
    • 2014 – Ik-Hwan Bae, Korean-American violinist and educator (b. 1956)
    • 2014 – Dale Schlueter, American basketball player (b. 1945)
    • 2014 – Hans-Hermann Sprado, German journalist and author (b. 1956)
    • 2015 – Peg Lynch, American actress and screenwriter (b. 1916)
    • 2015 – Ingrid Sischy, South African-American journalist and critic (b. 1952)
    • 2016 – Marni Nixon, American actress and singer (b. 1930)
    • 2017 – Harshida Raval, Indian Gujarati playback singer

    Holidays and observances on July 24

    • Carnival of Awussu (Tunisia)
    • Children’s Day (Vanuatu)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Charbel (Maronite Church/Catholic Church)
      • Christina the Astonishing
      • Christina of Bolsena
      • Declán of Ardmore
      • John Boste
      • Kinga (or Cunegunda) of Poland
      • Martyrs of Daimiel
      • Menefrida of Cornwall
      • Sigolena of Albi
      • July 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Pioneer Day (Utah)
    • Police Day (Poland)
    • Simón Bolívar Day (Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia, and Bolivia)
      • Navy Day (Venezuela)

  • July 13 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 587 BC – Babylon’s siege of Jerusalem ends following the destruction of Solomon’s Temple.
    • 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
    • 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
    • 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    • 1558 – Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
    • 1573 – Eighty Years’ War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
    • 1643 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
    • 1787 – The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
    • 1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
    • 1794 – The Battle of Trippstadt is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
    • 1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
    • 1830 – The General Assembly’s Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
    • 1831 – Regulamentul Organic, a quasi-constitutional organic law is adopted in Wallachia, one of the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of Romania.
    • 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
    • 1863 – New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
    • 1878 – Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
    • 1941 – World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak).
    • 1956 – The Dartmouth workshop is the first conference on artificial intelligence.
    • 1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
    • 1973 – Watergate scandal: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of a secret Oval Office taping system to investigators for the Senate Watergate Committee.
    • 1977 – Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ogaden War.
    • 1977 – New York City: Amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
    • 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Moscow and Sydney.
    • 1985 – Vice President George H. W. Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
    • 2003 – French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Íngrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
    • 2008 – Battle of Wanat begins when Taliban and al-Qaeda guerrillas attack US Army and Afghan National Army troops in Afghanistan. The U.S. deaths were, at that time, the most in a single battle since the beginning of operations in 2001.
    • 2011 – Mumbai is rocked by three bomb blasts during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.
    • 2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1999 is adopted, which admits South Sudan to member status of the United Nations.
    • 2013 – Typhoon Soulik kills at least nine people and affects more than 160 million in East China and Taiwan.
    • 2016 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron resigns, and is succeeded by Theresa May.

    Births on July 13

    • 100 BC – Julius Caesar, Roman general and statesman (d. 44 BC)
    • 1426 – Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (d. 1492)
    • 1478 – Giulio d’Este, illegitimate son of Italian noble (d. 1561)
    • 1470 – Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de’ Medici, Catholic cardinal (d. 1528)
    • 1527 – John Dee, English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (d. 1609)
    • 1579 – Arthur Dee, English physician and chemist (d. 1651)
    • 1590 – Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
    • 1606 – Roland Fréart de Chambray (d. 1676)
    • 1607 – Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English painter and illustrator (d. 1677)
    • 1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
    • 1745 – Robert Calder, Scottish-English admiral (d. 1818)
    • 1756 – Thomas Rowlandson, English artist and caricaturist (d. 1827)
    • 1760 – István Pauli, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1829)
    • 1770 – Alexander Balashov, Russian general and politician, Russian Minister of Police (d. 1837)
    • 1793 – John Clare, English poet and author (d. 1864)
    • 1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American general and first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 1877)
    • 1831 – Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (d. 1889)
    • 1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (d. 1918)
    • 1858 – Stewart Culin, American ethnographer and author (d. 1929)
    • 1859 – Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, English economist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1947)
    • 1863 – Margaret Murray, British archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist (d. 1963)
    • 1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel and businessman (d. 1912)
    • 1877 – Robert Henry Mathews, Australian linguist and missionary (d. 1970)
    • 1884 – Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler and coach (d. 1951)
    • 1889 – Emma Asson, Estonian educator and politician (d. 1965)
    • 1889 – Stan Coveleski, American baseball player (d. 1984)
    • 1892 – Léo-Pol Morin, Canadian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1941)
    • 1892 – Jonni Myyrä, Finnish-American discus and javelin thrower (d. 1955)
    • 1894 – Isaac Babel, Russian short story writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1940)
    • 1895 – Sidney Blackmer, American actor (d. 1973)
    • 1896 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter and educator (d. 1992)
    • 1898 – Julius Schreck, German commander (d. 1936)
    • 1898 – Ivan Triesault, Estonian-born American actor (d. 1980)
    • 1900 – George Lewis, American clarinet player and songwriter (d. 1969)
    • 1901 – Eric Portman, English actor (d. 1969)
    • 1903 – Kenneth Clark, English historian and author (d. 1983)
    • 1905 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (d. 1990)
    • 1905 – Eugenio Pagnini, Italian modern pentathlete (d. 1993)
    • 1905 – Magda Foy, American child actress (d. 2000)
    • 1907 – George Weller, American author, playwright, and journalist (d. 2002)
    • 1908 – Dorothy Round, English tennis player (d. 1982)
    • 1908 – Tim Spencer, American country & western singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1974)
    • 1910 – Lien Gisolf, Dutch high jumper (d. 1993)
    • 1910 – Loren Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2008)
    • 1911 – Bob Steele (broadcaster), American radio personality (d. 2002)
    • 1913 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and television personality (d. 1982)
    • 1913 – Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish businessman (d. 2012)
    • 1913 – Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (d. 2008)
    • 1915 – Kaoru Ishikawa, Japanese author and educator (d. 1989)
    • 1918 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
    • 1918 – Ronald Bladen, American painter and sculptor (d. 1988)
    • 1918 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator (d. 2015)
    • 1919 – Hau Pei-tsun, 13th Premier of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
    • 1919 – William F. Quinn, American lawyer (d. 2006)
    • 1921 – Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer and conductor (d. 1999)
    • 1922 – Leslie Brooks, American actress (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Anker Jørgensen, Danish trade union leader and politician, 16th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2016)
    • 1922 – Helmy Afify Abd El-Bar, Egyptian military commander (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
    • 1923 – Ashley Bryan, American children’s book author and illustrator
    • 1924 – Johnny Gilbert, American game show host and announcer
    • 1925 – Suzanne Zimmerman, American competition swimmer and Olympic medalist
    • 1925 – Huang Zongying, Chinese actress and writer
    • 1926 – Robert H. Justman, American director, producer, and production manager (d. 2008)
    • 1926 – T. Loren Christianson, American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1926 – Thomas Clark, American politician (d. 2020)
    • 1927 – Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician, President of the European Parliament (d. 2017)
    • 1927 – Ian Reed, Australian discus thrower
    • 1928 – Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
    • 1928 – Sven Davidson, Swedish-American tennis player (d. 2008)
    • 1928 – Al Rex, American musician (d. 2020)
    • 1929 – Sofia Muratova, Russian gymnast (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – Svein Ellingsen, Norwegian visual artist and hymnist (d. 2020)
    • 1930 – Sam Greenlee, American author and poet (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1931 – Frank Ramsey, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Hubert Reeves, Canadian-French astrophysicist and author
    • 1933 – David Storey, English author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2017)
    • 1933 – Piero Manzoni, Italian artist (d. 1963)
    • 1934 – Peter Gzowski, Canadian journalist and academic (d. 2002)
    • 1934 – Gordon Lee, English footballer and manager
    • 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian engineer and astronaut
    • 1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician, 9th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – Earl Lovelace, Trinidadian journalist, author, and playwright
    • 1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
    • 1936 – Albert Ayler, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1970)
    • 1937 – Ghillean Prance, English botanist and ecologist
    • 1939 – Lambert Jackson Woodburne, South African admiral (d. 2013)
    • 1940 – Tom Lichtenberg, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1940 – Paul Prudhomme, American chef and author (d. 2015)
    • 1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor, director, and producer
    • 1941 – Grahame Corling, Australian cricketer
    • 1941 – Robert Forster, American actor and producer (d. 2019)
    • 1941 – Ehud Manor, Israeli songwriter and translator (d. 2005)
    • 1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor, director, and producer
    • 1942 – Harrison Ford, American actor and producer
    • 1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Chris Serle, English journalist and actor
    • 1944 – Eric Freeman, Australian cricketer
    • 1944 – Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (d. 1991)
    • 1944 – Erno Rubik, Hungarian game designer, architect, and educator, invented the Rubik’s Cube
    • 1945 – Ashley Mallett, Australian cricketer and author
    • 1946 – Bob Kauffman, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
    • 1948 – Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
    • 1949 – Bryan Murray, Irish actor
    • 1950 – George Nelson, American astronomer and astronaut
    • 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, Hong Kong-Taiwanese commander and politician, 12th President of the Republic of China
    • 1950 – Jurelang Zedkaia, Marshallese politician, 5th President of the Marshall Islands (d. 2015)
    • 1951 – Rob Bishop, American educator and politician
    • 1951 – Didi Conn, American actress and singer
    • 1953 – David Thompson, American basketball player
    • 1954 – Ray Bright, Australian cricketer
    • 1954 – Louise Mandrell, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1956 – Mark Mendoza, American bass player and songwriter
    • 1956 – Michael Spinks, American boxer
    • 1957 – Thierry Boutsen, Belgian race car driver and businessman
    • 1957 – Cameron Crowe, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1959 – Richard Leman, English field hockey player
    • 1959 – Fuziah Salleh, Malaysian politician
    • 1960 – Robert Abraham, American football player
    • 1960 – Ian Hislop, Welsh-English journalist and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Curtis Rouse, American football player (d. 2013)
    • 1961 – Tahira Asif, Pakistani politician (d. 2014)
    • 1961 – Anders Jarryd, Swedish tennis player
    • 1961 – Khalid Mahmood, Pakistani-English engineer and politician
    • 1961 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1961 – Tim Watson, Australian footballer, coach, and journalist
    • 1962 – Tom Kenny, American voice actor and screenwriter
    • 1962 – Rhonda Vincent, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player
    • 1963 – Neal Foulds, English snooker player and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Kenny Johnson, American actor, producer, and model
    • 1964 – Charlie Hides, American drag queen and comedian
    • 1964 – Paul Thorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Eileen Ivers, American fiddler
    • 1965 – Colin van der Voort, Australian rugby league player
    • 1966 – Gerald Levert, American R&B singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2006)
    • 1966 – Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan-English conductor and educator
    • 1967 – Richard Marles, Australian lawyer and politician, 50th Australian Minister for Trade and Investment
    • 1967 – Mark McGowan, Australian politician, 30th Premier of Western Australia
    • 1969 – Brad Godden, Australian rugby league player
    • 1969 – Ken Jeong, American actor, comedian, and physician
    • 1969 – Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan political scientist and politician
    • 1970 – Andrei Tivontchik, German pole vaulter and trainer
    • 1971 – Mark Neeld, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1972 – Sean Waltman, American professional wrestler
    • 1974 – Deborah Cox, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
    • 1975 – Diego Spotorno, Ecuadorian actor
    • 1975 – Mariada Pieridi, Cypriot singer-songwriter
    • 1976 – Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Chris Horn, American football player
    • 1978 – Ryan Ludwick, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Prodromos Nikolaidis, Greek basketball player
    • 1979 – Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
    • 1979 – Daniel Díaz, Argentinian footballer
    • 1979 – Libuše Průšová, Czech tennis player
    • 1979 – Lucinda Ruh, Swiss figure skater and coach
    • 1981 – Ágnes Kovács, Hungarian swimmer
    • 1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian cyclist
    • 1982 – Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
    • 1982 – Simon Clist, English footballer
    • 1982 – Dominic Isaacs, South African footballer
    • 1982 – Nick Kenny, Australian rugby league player
    • 1982 – Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
    • 1983 – Kristof Beyens, Belgian sprinter
    • 1983 – Marco Pomante, Italian footballer
    • 1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdler
    • 1984 – Ida Maria, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1985 – Trell Kimmons, American sprinter
    • 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
    • 1985 – Charlotte Dujardin, English equestrian
    • 1988 – Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes, Brazilian-Italian footballer
    • 1988 – Colton Haynes, American actor, model and singer
    • 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor and model
    • 1988 – Raúl Spank, German high jumper
    • 1988 – Tulisa, English singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1989 – Leon Bridges, American soul singer, songwriter and record producer
    • 1989 – Charis Giannopoulos, Greek basketball player
    • 1990 – Kieran Foran, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentinian footballer
    • 1992 – Elise Matthysen, Belgian swimmer
    • 1993 – Daniel Bentley, English footballer
    • 1995 – Cody Bellinger, American baseball player
    • 1995 – Dante Exum, Australian basketball player
    • 2002 – Deborah Medrado, Brazilian rhythmic gymnast
    • 2003 – Wyatt Oleff, American child actor
    • 2005 – Kyle Harrison Breitkopf, Canadian child actor

    Deaths on July 13

    • 574 – John III, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 716 – Rui Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 662)
    • 815 – Wu Yuanheng, Chinese poet and politician (b. 758)
    • 884 – Huang Chao, Chinese rebel leader (b. 835)
    • 939 – Leo VII, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 982 – Gunther, margrave of Merseburg
    • 982 – Henry I, bishop of Augsburg
    • 982 – Pandulf II, Lombard prince
    • 982 – Landulf IV, Lombard prince
    • 982 – Abu’l-Qasim, Kalbid emir of Sicily
    • 1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
    • 1105 – Rashi, French rabbi and commentator (b. 1040)
    • 1205 – Hubert Walter, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of The United Kingdom (b. 1160)
    • 1357 – Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian academic and jurist (b. 1313)
    • 1380 – Bertrand du Guesclin, French nobleman and knight (b. 1320)
    • 1399 – Peter Parler, German architect, designed St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge (b. 1330)
    • 1399 – Jadwiga, queen of Poland (b. 1399)
    • 1402 – Jianwen, Chinese emperor (b. 1377)
    • 1491 – Afonso, Portuguese prince (b. 1475)
    • 1551 – John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
    • 1617 – Adam Wenceslaus, duke of Cieszyn (b. 1574)
    • 1621 – Albert VII, archduke of Austria (b. 1559)
    • 1626 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1563)
    • 1628 – Robert Shirley, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1581)
    • 1629 – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
    • 1683 – Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1631)
    • 1755 – Edward Braddock, Scottish general (b. 1695)
    • 1762 – James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (b. 1693)
    • 1789 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist and academic (b. 1715)
    • 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French physician and theorist (b. 1743)
    • 1807 – Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian cardinal (b. 1725)
    • 1881 – John C. Pemberton, American general (b. 1814)
    • 1889 – Robert Hamerling, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1830)
    • 1890 – John C. Frémont, American general and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (b. 1813)
    • 1890 – Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (b. 1819)
    • 1893 – Young Man Afraid of His Horses, American tribal chief (b. 1836)
    • 1896 – August Kekulé, German chemist and academic (b. 1829)
    • 1907 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter and jurist (b. 1866)
    • 1911 – Allan McLean, Scottish-Australian politician, 19th Premier of Victoria (b. 1840)
    • 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
    • 1922 – Martin Dies, Sr., American journalist and politician (b. 1870)
    • 1927 – Mimar Kemaleddin Bey, Turkish architect and academic, designed the Tayyare Apartments (b. 1870)
    • 1934 – Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and academic (b. 1849)
    • 1936 – Kojo Tovalou Houénou, Beninese lawyer and politician (b. 1887)
    • 1941 – Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (b. 1913)
    • 1945 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1879)
    • 1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (b. 1864)
    • 1949 – Walt Kuhn, American painter and academic (b. 1877)
    • 1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-American composer and painter (b. 1874)
    • 1954 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter and educator (b. 1907)
    • 1960 – Joy Davidman, American-English poet and author (b. 1915)
    • 1965 – Photis Kontoglou, Greek painter and illustrator (b. 1895)
    • 1967 – Tom Simpson, English cyclist (b. 1937)
    • 1970 – Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (b. 1896)
    • 1970 – Sheng Shicai, Chinese warlord (b. 1895)
    • 1973 – Willy Fritsch, German actor and screenwriter (b. 1901)
    • 1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
    • 1976 – Frederick Hawksworth, English engineer (b. 1884)
    • 1976 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (b. 1915)
    • 1979 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
    • 1980 – Seretse Khama, Botswana lawyer and politician, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
    • 1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian engineer and author (b. 1909)
    • 1993 – Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
    • 1995 – Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (b. 1920)
    • 1996 – Pandro S. Berman, American director, producer, and production manager (b. 1905)
    • 1997 – Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
    • 1999 – Konstantinos Kollias, Greek general and politician, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1901)
    • 2000 – Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (b. 1914)
    • 2003 – Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1907)
    • 2005 – Robert E. Ogren, American zoologist (b. 1922)
    • 2006 – Red Buttons, American actor (b. 1919)
    • 2007 – Michael Reardon, American mountaineer (b. 1965)
    • 2008 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
    • 2010 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Allan Jeans, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Warren Jabali, American basketball player (b. 1946)
    • 2012 – Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (b. 1940)
    • 2012 – Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (b. 1934)
    • 2013 – Leonard Garment, American lawyer and public servant, 14th White House Counsel (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Henri Julien, French race car driver (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and singer (b. 1982)
    • 2013 – Ottavio Quattrocchi, Italian businessman (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Marc Simont, French-American author and illustrator (b. 1915)
    • 2014 – Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Alfred de Grazia, American political scientist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
    • 2014 – Nadine Gordimer, South African novelist, short story writer, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Jeff Leiding, American football player (b. 1961)
    • 2014 – Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1930)
    • 2015 – Philipp Mißfelder, German historian and politician (b. 1979)
    • 2015 – Martin Litchfield West, English scholar, author, and academic (b. 1927)
    • 2017 – Liu Xiaobo, Chinese literary critic, human rights activist (b. 1955)

    Holidays and observances on July 13

    • Christian feast day:
      • Abd-al-Masih
      • Abel of Tacla Haimonot (Coptic Church)
      • Clelia Barbieri
      • Conrad Weiser (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • Eugenius of Carthage
      • Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
      • Mildrith of Thanet
      • Rosa Mystica
      • Silas (Catholic Church)
      • Teresa of the Andes
      • July 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Feast of Kalimát, first day of the seventh month of the Bahá’í calendar. (Bahá’í Faith)
    • Statehood Day (Montenegro)
    • The last day of Naadam (Mongolia)
    • Kashmir Martyrs’ Day (Pakistan)

  • July 11 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    July 11 in History

    • 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter’s Basilica and put to death.
    • 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius).
    • 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
    • 1174 – Baldwin IV, 13, becomes King of Jerusalem, with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor.
    • 1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch): A coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France’s royal army.
    • 1346 – Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, is elected King of the Romans.
    • 1405 – Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.
    • 1476 – Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.
    • 1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
    • 1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
    • 1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.
    • 1789 – Jacques Necker is dismissed as France’s Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.
    • 1796 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
    • 1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
    • 1801 – French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
    • 1804 – A duel occurs in which the Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr mortally wounds former Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
    • 1833 – Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
    • 1848 – Waterloo railway station in London opens.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C.
    • 1882 – The British Mediterranean Fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War.
    • 1889 – Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
    • 1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kōkichi Mikimoto.
    • 1893 – A revolution led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.
    • 1895 – Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière demonstrate movie film technology to scientists.
    • 1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
    • 1899 – Fiat founded by Giovanni Agnelli in Turin, Italy.
    • 1906 – Murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in the United States, inspiration for Theodore Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.
    • 1914 – Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major League Baseball.
    • 1914 – USS Nevada (BB-36) is launched.
    • 1919 – The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.
    • 1920 – In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany.
    • 1921 – A truce in the Irish War of Independence comes into effect.
    • 1921 – The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People’s Republic.
    • 1921 – Former president of the United States William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person ever to hold both offices.
    • 1922 – The Hollywood Bowl opens.
    • 1924 – Eric Liddell won the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on the Sunday.
    • 1934 – Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft, about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport without assisted take-off.
    • 1936 – The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
    • 1940 – World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Chief of the French State.
    • 1941 – The Northern Rhodesian Labour Party holds its first congress in Nkana.
    • 1943 – Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Volhynia) peak.
    • 1943 – World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily: German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.
    • 1947 – The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.
    • 1950 – Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
    • 1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismai’li worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.
    • 1960 – France legislates for the independence of Dahomey (later Benin), Upper Volta (later Burkina) and Niger.
    • 1960 – Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
    • 1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published, in the United States.
    • 1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
    • 1962 – Project Apollo: At a press conference, NASA announces lunar orbit rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.
    • 1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.
    • 1972 – The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.
    • 1973 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris, France on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking in airplane lavatories.
    • 1977 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
    • 1978 – Los Alfaques disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain killing 216 tourists.
    • 1979 – America’s first space station, Skylab, is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere over the Indian Ocean.
    • 1983 – A TAME airline Boeing 737-200 crashes near Cuenca, Ecuador, killing all 119 passengers and crew on board.
    • 1990 – Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec, Canada begins.
    • 1991 – Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 crashes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing all 261 passengers and crew on board.
    • 1995 – Yugoslav Wars: Srebrenica massacre begins; lasts until 22 July.
    • 2006 – Mumbai train bombings: Two hundred nine people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai, India.
    • 2010 – The Islamist militia group Al-Shabaab carried out multiple suicide bombings in Kampala, Uganda, killing 74 people and injuring 85 others.
    • 2011 – Ninety-eight containers of explosives self-detonate killing 13 people in Zygi, Cyprus.

    Births on July 11

    • 154 – Bardaisan, Syrian astrologer, scholar, and philosopher (d. 222)
    • 1274 – Robert the Bruce, Scottish king (d. 1329)
    • 1406 – William, Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg (d. 1482)
    • 1459 – Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German nobleman (d. 1527)
    • 1558 – Robert Greene, English author and playwright (d. 1592)
    • 1561 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish cleric and poet (d. 1627)
    • 1603 – Kenelm Digby, English astrologer, courtier, and diplomat (d. 1665)
    • 1628 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese daimyō (d. 1701)
    • 1653 – Sarah Good, American woman accused of witchcraft (d. 1692)
    • 1657 – Frederick I of Prussia (d. 1713)
    • 1662 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (d. 1726)
    • 1709 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)
    • 1723 – Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and author (d. 1799)
    • 1751 – Caroline Matilda, British princess, queen consort of Denmark (d. 1775)
    • 1754 – Thomas Bowdler, English physician and philanthropist (d. 1825)
    • 1760 – Peggy Shippen, American wife of Benedict Arnold and American Revolutionary War spy (d. 1804)
    • 1767 – John Quincy Adams, American lawyer and politician, 6th President of the United States (d. 1848)
    • 1826 – Alexander Afanasyev, Russian ethnographer and author (d. 1871)
    • 1832 – Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek lawyer and politician, 55th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1896)
    • 1834 – James Abbott McNeill Whistler, American-English painter and illustrator (d. 1903)
    • 1836 – Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (d. 1896)
    • 1846 – Léon Bloy, French author and poet (d. 1917)
    • 1849 – N. E. Brown, English plant taxonomist and authority on succulents (d. 1934)
    • 1850 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary (d. 1938)
    • 1866 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (d. 1953)
    • 1875 – H. M. Brock, British painter and illustrator (d. 1960)
    • 1880 – Friedrich Lahrs, German architect and academic (d. 1964)
    • 1881 – Isabel Martin Lewis, American astronomer and author (d. 1966)
    • 1882 – James Larkin White, American miner, explorer, and park ranger (d. 1946)
    • 1886 – Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter and illustrator (d. 1939)
    • 1888 – Carl Schmitt, German philosopher and jurist (d. 1985)
    • 1892 – Thomas Mitchell, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1962)
    • 1894 – Erna Mohr, German zoologist (d. 1968)
    • 1895 – Dorothy Wilde, English author and poet (d. 1941)
    • 1897 – Bull Connor, American police officer (d. 1973)
    • 1899 – Wilfrid Israel, German businessman and philanthropist (d. 1943)
    • 1899 – E. B. White, American essayist and journalist (d. 1985)
    • 1901 – Gwendolyn Lizarraga, Belizean businesswoman, activist, and politician (d. 1975)
    • 1903 – Rudolf Abel, English-Russian colonel (d. 1971)
    • 1903 – Sidney Franklin, American bullfighter (d. 1976)
    • 1904 – Niño Ricardo, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1972)
    • 1905 – Betty Allan, Australian statistician and biometrician (d. 1952)
    • 1906 – Harry von Zell, American actor and announcer (d. 1981)
    • 1906 – Herbert Wehner, German politician, Minister of Intra-German Relations (d. 1990)
    • 1909 – Irene Hervey, American actress (d. 1998)
    • 1909 – Jacques Clemens, Dutch catholic priest (d. 2018)
    • 1910 – Sally Blane, American actress (d. 1997)
    • 1911 – Erna Flegel, German Third Reich nurse (d. 2006)
    • 1912 – Sergiu Celibidache, Romanian conductor and composer (d. 1996)
    • 1912 – Peta Taylor, English cricketer (d. 1989)
    • 1912 – William F. Walsh, American captain and politician, 48th Mayor of Syracuse (d. 2011)
    • 1913 – Paul Gibb, English cricketer (d. 1977)
    • 1913 – Cordwainer Smith, American sinologist, author, and academic (d. 1966)
    • 1916 – Mortimer Caplin, American tax attorney, educator, and IRS Commissioner (d. 2019)
    • 1916 – Hans Maier, Dutch water polo player (d. 2018)
    • 1916 – Alexander Prokhorov, Australian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
    • 1916 – Reg Varney, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2008)
    • 1916 – Gough Whitlam, Australian lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2014)
    • 1918 – Venetia Burney, English educator, who named Pluto (d. 2009)
    • 1920 – Yul Brynner, Russian actor and dancer (d. 1985)
    • 1920 – Zecharia Sitchin, Russian-American author (d. 2010)
    • 1922 – Gene Evans, American actor (d. 1998)
    • 1922 – Fritz Riess, German-Swiss racing driver (d. 1991)
    • 1923 – Richard Pipes, Polish-American historian and academic (d. 2018)
    • 1923 – Tun Tun, Indian actress and comedian (d. 2003)
    • 1924 – César Lattes, Brazilian physicist and academic (d. 2005)
    • 1924 – Brett Somers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2007)
    • 1924 – Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer and manager (d. 1971)
    • 1924 – Oscar Wyatt, American businessman
    • 1925 – Charles Chaynes, French composer (d. 2016)
    • 1925 – Nicolai Gedda, Swedish operatic tenor (d. 2017)
    • 1925 – Peter Kyros, American lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1925 – Sid Smith, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2004)
    • 1926 – Frederick Buechner, American minister, theologian, and author
    • 1927 – Theodore Maiman, American-Canadian physicist and engineer (d. 2007)
    • 1927 – Chris Leonard, English footballer
    • 1928 – Greville Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone, Welsh-English lawyer and politician (d. 2015)
    • 1928 – Bobo Olson, American boxer (d. 2002)
    • 1928 – Andrea Veneracion, Filipina choirmaster (d. 2014)
    • 1929 – Danny Flores, American singer-songwriter and saxophonist (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – David Kelly, Irish actor (d. 2012)
    • 1930 – Jack Alabaster, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1930 – Harold Bloom, American literary critic (d. 2019)
    • 1930 – Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Dick Gray, American baseball player (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Thurston Harris, American doo-wop singer (d. 1990)
    • 1931 – Tab Hunter, American actor and singer (d. 2018)
    • 1931 – Tullio Regge, Italian physicist and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1932 – Alex Hassilev, French-born American folk singer and musician
    • 1932 – Jean-Guy Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1933 – Jim Carlen, American football player and coach (d. 2012)
    • 1933 – Frank Kelso, American admiral and politician, United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 2013)
    • 1934 – Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer, founded the Armani Company
    • 1935 – Frederick Hemke, American saxophonist and educator
    • 1935 – Oliver Napier, Northern Irish lawyer and politician (d. 2011)
    • 1937 – Pai Hsien-yung, Chinese-Taiwanese author
    • 1941 – Bill Boggs, American journalist and producer
    • 1941 – Henry Lowther, English trumpet player
    • 1943 – Richard Carleton, Australian journalist (d. 2006)
    • 1943 – Howard Gardner, American psychologist and academic
    • 1943 – Tom Holland, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1943 – Peter Jensen, Australian metropolitan
    • 1943 – Robert Malval, Haitian businessman and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Haiti
    • 1943 – Rolf Stommelen, German racing driver (d. 1983)
    • 1944 – Lou Hudson, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1944 – Michael Levy, Baron Levy, English philanthropist
    • 1944 – Patricia Polacco, American author and illustrator
    • 1946 – Martin Wong, American painter (d. 1999)
    • 1947 – Jeff Hanna, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer
    • 1947 – Norman Lebrecht, English author and critic
    • 1947 – Bo Lundgren, Swedish politician
    • 1950 – Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani physicist and academic
    • 1950 – J. R. Morgan, Welsh author and academic
    • 1950 – Bonnie Pointer, American singer (d. 2020)
    • 1951 – Ed Ott, American baseball player and coach
    • 1952 – Bill Barber, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1952 – Stephen Lang, American actor and playwright
    • 1953 – Piyasvasti Amranand, Thai businessman and politician, Thai Minister of Energy
    • 1953 – Angélica Aragón, Mexican film, television, and stage actress and singer
    • 1953 – Peter Brown, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1953 – Suresh Prabhu, Indian accountant and politician, Indian Minister of Railways
    • 1953 – Patricia Reyes Spíndola, Mexican actress, director, and producer
    • 1953 – Leon Spinks, American boxer
    • 1953 – Mindy Sterling, American actress
    • 1953 – Ivan Toms, South African physician and activist (d. 2008)
    • 1953 – Bramwell Tovey, English-Canadian conductor and composer
    • 1953 – Paul Weiland, English director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1954 – Julia King, English engineer and academic
    • 1955 – Balaji Sadasivan, Singaporean neurosurgeon and politician, Singaporean Minister of Health (d. 2010)
    • 1956 – Amitav Ghosh, Indian-American author and academic
    • 1956 – Robin Renucci, French actor and director
    • 1956 – Sela Ward, American actress
    • 1957 – Johann Lamont, Scottish educator and politician
    • 1957 – Peter Murphy, English singer-songwriter
    • 1957 – Michael Rose, Jamaican singer-songwriter
    • 1958 – Mark Lester, English actor
    • 1958 – Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1959 – Richie Sambora, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1959 – Suzanne Vega, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1960 – David Baerwald, American singer-songwriter, composer, and musician
    • 1960 – Caroline Quentin, English actress
    • 1961 – Antony Jenkins, English banker and businessman
    • 1962 – Gaétan Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007)
    • 1962 – Pauline McLynn, Irish actress and author
    • 1962 – Fumiya Fujii, Japanese music artist
    • 1963 – Al MacInnis, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1963 – Dean Richards, English rugby player and coach
    • 1963 – Lisa Rinna, American actress and talk show host
    • 1965 – Tony Cottee, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Ernesto Hoost, Dutch kick-boxer and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Scott Shriner, American singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1966 – Nadeem Aslam, Pakistani-English author
    • 1966 – Kentaro Miura, Japanese author and illustrator
    • 1966 – Rod Strickland, American basketball player and coach
    • 1966 – Ricky Warwick, Northern Irish musician
    • 1967 – Andy Ashby, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Jhumpa Lahiri, Indian American novelist and short story writer
    • 1968 – Michael Geist, Canadian journalist and academic
    • 1968 – Daniel MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
    • 1968 – Esera Tuaolo, American football player
    • 1969 – Ned Boulting, British sports journalist and television presenter
    • 1970 – Justin Chambers, American actor
    • 1970 – Sajjad Karim, English lawyer and politician
    • 1970 – Eric Owens, American opera singer
    • 1971 – Leisha Hailey, Japanese-American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1972 – Cormac Battle, English-Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1973 – Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek runner
    • 1974 – Alanas Chošnau, Lithuanian singer-songwriter
    • 1974 – Hermann Hreiðarsson, Icelandic footballer and manager
    • 1974 – André Ooijer, Dutch footballer and coach
    • 1975 – Willie Anderson, American football player
    • 1975 – Rubén Baraja, Spanish footballer and manager
    • 1975 – Lil’ Kim, American rapper and producer
    • 1976 – Eduardo Nájera, Mexican-American basketball player and coach
    • 1977 – Brandon Short, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1978 – Kathleen Edwards, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1978 – Massimiliano Rosolino, Italian swimmer
    • 1979 – Raio Piiroja, Estonian footballer
    • 1980 – Tyson Kidd, Canadian wrestler
    • 1980 – Kevin Powers, American soldier and author
    • 1981 – Andre Johnson, American football player
    • 1982 – Chris Cooley, American football player
    • 1983 – Engin Baytar, German-Turkish footballer
    • 1983 – Peter Cincotti, American singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1983 – Marie Serneholt, Swedish singer and dancer
    • 1984 – Yorman Bazardo, Venezuelan baseball player
    • 1984 – Tanith Belbin, Canadian-American ice dancer
    • 1984 – Jacoby Jones, American football player
    • 1984 – Joe Pavelski, American ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Morné Steyn, South African rugby player
    • 1985 – Robert Adamson, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1985 – Orestis Karnezis, Greek footballer
    • 1986 – Raúl García, Spanish footballer
    • 1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French footballer
    • 1986 – Ryan Jarvis, English footballer
    • 1987 – Shigeaki Kato, Japanese singer
    • 1988 – Étienne Capoue, French footballer
    • 1988 – Natalie La Rose, Dutch singer, songwriter and dancer
    • 1989 – Tobias Sana, Swedish footballer
    • 1989 – Travis Waddell, Australian rugby league player
    • 1990 – Mona Barthel, German tennis player
    • 1990 – Connor Paolo, American actor
    • 1990 – Adam Jezierski, Polish-Spanish actor and singer
    • 1990 – Patrick Peterson, American football player
    • 1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player
    • 1993 – Rebecca Bross, American gymnast
    • 1993 – Heini Salonen, Finnish tennis player
    • 1994 – Bartłomiej Kalinkowski, Polish footballer
    • 1994 – Anthony Milford, Australian rugby league player
    • 1994 – Nina Nesbitt, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1994 – Lucas Ocampos, Argentinian footballer
    • 1995 – Joey Bosa, American football player
    • 1995 – Tyler Medeiros, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1996 – Alessia Cara, Canadian singer-songwriter

    Deaths on July 11

    • 472 – Anthemius, Roman emperor (b. 420)
    • 937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy (b. 880)
    • 969 – Olga of Kiev (b. 890)
    • 1174 – Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
    • 1183 – Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117)
    • 1302 – Robert II, Count of Artois (b. 1250)
    • 1302 – Pierre Flotte, French politician and lawyer
    • 1344 – Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg (b. c. 1286)
    • 1362 – Anna von Schweidnitz, empress of Charles IV (b. 1339)
    • 1382 – Nicole Oresme, French philosopher (b. 1325)
    • 1451 – Barbara of Cilli, Slovenian noblewoman
    • 1484 – Mino da Fiesole, Italian sculptor (b. c. 1429)
    • 1535 – Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
    • 1581 – Peder Skram, Danish admiral and politician (b. 1503)
    • 1593 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (b. 1527)
    • 1599 – Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese daimyō (b.1539)
    • 1688 – Narai, Thai king (b. 1629)
    • 1774 – Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-English general (b. 1715)
    • 1775 – Simon Boerum, American farmer and politician (b. 1724)
    • 1797 – Ienăchiță Văcărescu, Romanian historian and philologist (b. 1740)
    • 1806 – James Smith, Irish-American lawyer and politician (b. 1719)
    • 1825 – Thomas P. Grosvenor, American soldier and politician (b. 1744)
    • 1844 – Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian philosopher and poet (b. 1800)
    • 1897 – Patrick Jennings, Irish-Australian politician, 11th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1831)
    • 1905 – Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian jurist and scholar (b. 1849)
    • 1908 – Friedrich Traun, German sprinter and tennis player (b. 1876)
    • 1909 – Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
    • 1929 – Billy Mosforth, English footballer and engraver (b. 1857)
    • 1937 – George Gershwin, American pianist, songwriter, and composer (b. 1898)
    • 1959 – Charlie Parker, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (b. 1882)
    • 1966 – Delmore Schwartz, American poet and short story writer (b. 1913)
    • 1967 – Guy Favreau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 28th Canadian Minister of Justice (b. 1917)
    • 1971 – John W. Campbell, American journalist and author (b. 1910)
    • 1971 – Pedro Rodríguez, Mexican racing driver (b. 1940)
    • 1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
    • 1976 – León de Greiff, Colombian poet and educator (b. 1895)
    • 1979 – Claude Wagner, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1925)
    • 1983 – Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian author (b. 1915)
    • 1987 – Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (b. 1963)
    • 1987 – Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman, American rabbi and scholar (b. 1901)
    • 1989 – Laurence Olivier, English actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
    • 1991 – Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer and coach (b. 1953)
    • 1994 – Gary Kildall, American computer scientist, founded Digital Research (b. 1942)
    • 1998 – Panagiotis Kondylis, Greek philosopher and author (b. 1943)
    • 1999 – Helen Forrest, American singer (b. 1917)
    • 1999 – Jan Sloot, Dutch computer scientist and electronics technician (b. 1945)
    • 2000 – Pedro Mir, Dominican lawyer, author, and poet (b. 1913)
    • 2000 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (b. 1921)
    • 2001 – Herman Brood, Dutch musician and painter (b. 1946)
    • 2003 – Zahra Kazemi, Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer (b. 1948)
    • 2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, American financier and philanthropist (b. 1910)
    • 2004 – Renée Saint-Cyr, French actress and producer (b. 1904)
    • 2005 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress and dancer (b. 1911)
    • 2005 – Jesús Iglesias, Argentinian racing driver (b. 1922)
    • 2005 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (b. 1913)
    • 2006 – Barnard Hughes, American actor (b. 1915)
    • 2006 – Bronwyn Oliver, Australian sculptor (b. 1959)
    • 2006 – John Spencer, English snooker player and sportscaster (b. 1935)
    • 2007 – Glenda Adams, Australian author and academic (b. 1939)
    • 2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, American beautification activist; 43rd First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
    • 2007 – Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913)
    • 2007 – Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded Honest Ed’s (b. 1914)
    • 2008 – Michael E. DeBakey, American surgeon and educator (b. 1908)
    • 2009 – Reg Fleming, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1936)
    • 2009 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
    • 2009 – Ji Xianlin, Chinese linguist and paleographer (b. 1911)
    • 2010 – Walter Hawkins, American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and pastor (b. 1949)
    • 2011 – Rob Grill, American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1943)
    • 2012 – Art Ceccarelli, American baseball player and coach (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Marion Cunningham, American author (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – Richard Scudder, American journalist and publisher, co-founded MediaNews Group (b. 1913)
    • 2012 – Donald J. Sobol, American soldier and author (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Marvin Traub, American businessman and author (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Emik Avakian, Iranian-American inventor (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic (b. 1936)
    • 2013 – Eugene P. Wilkinson, American admiral (b. 1918)
    • 2014 – Charlie Haden, American bassist and composer (b. 1937)
    • 2014 – Carin Mannheimer, Swedish author and screenwriter (b. 1934)
    • 2014 – Bill McGill, American basketball player (b. 1939)
    • 2014 – Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-American drummer and producer (b. 1949)
    • 2014 – John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Randall Stout, American architect, designed the Taubman Museum of Art (b. 1958)
    • 2015 – Giacomo Biffi, Italian cardinal (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – James U. Cross, American general (b. 1925)
    • 2015 – Satoru Iwata, Japanese game programmer and businessman (b. 1959)
    • 2015 – Lawrence K. Karlton, American lawyer and judge (b. 1935)
    • 2015 – André Leysen, Belgian businessman (b. 1927)

    Holidays and observances on July 11

    • Christian Feast Day:
      • Benedict of Nursia
      • Olga of Kiev
      • Pope Pius I
      • July 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • China National Maritime Day (China)
    • Day of the Bandoneón (Argentina)
    • Day of the Flemish Community (Flemish Community of Belgium)
    • Eleventh Night (Northern Ireland)
    • Free Slurpee Day (Participating stores of the 7-Eleven chain in North America)
    • National Day of Remembrance of Victims of Genocide by Ukrainian Nationalists on Citizens of the Second Republic of Poland (Poland)
    • Gospel Day (Kiribati)
    • Imamat Day (Isma’ilism)
    • National Day of Commemoration, held on the nearest Sunday to this date (Ireland)
    • The first day of Naadam (July 11–15) (Mongolia)
    • World Population Day (International)

  • July 2 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    This day is the midpoint of a common year because there are 182 days before and 182 days after it in common years, and 183 before and 182 after in leap years. The exact time of the middle of the year is at noon. In countries that use summertime the actual exact time of the midpoint in a common year is at 1:00 p.m for locations in the northern hemisphere or 11:00 a.m for locations in the southern hemisphere; this is when 182 days and 12 hours have elapsed and there are 182 days and 12 hours remaining. In a leap year in those countries, the middle of the year is at midnight. In countries that use summer time, the midpoint occurs at 1:00 a.m. on July 2, or 11:00 p.m. on July 1 in the southern hemisphere. This is due to summertime having advanced the time by one hour. It falls on the same day of the week as New Year’s Day in common years.

    • 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begins his reign over the Western Roman Empire. His mother Galla Placidia ends her regency, but continues to exercise political influence at the court in Rome.
    • 626 – Li Shimin, the future Emperor Taizong of Tang, ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng in the Xuanwu Gate Incident.
    • 706 – In China, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang inters the bodies of relatives in the Qianling Mausoleum, located on Mount Liang outside Chang’an.
    • 866 – Battle of Brissarthe: The Franks led by Robert the Strong are defeated by a joint Breton-Viking army.
    • 936 – King Henry the Fowler dies in his royal palace in Memleben. He is succeeded by his son Otto I, who becomes the ruler of East Francia.
    • 963 – The Byzantine army proclaims Nikephoros II Phokas Emperor of the Romans on the plains outside Cappadocian Caesarea.
    • 1298 – The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg.
    • 1494 – The Treaty of Tordesillas is ratified by Spain.
    • 1504 – Bogdan III the One-Eyed becomes Voivode of Moldavia.
    • 1555 – Ottoman Admiral Turgut Reis sacks the Italian city of Paola.
    • 1561 – Menas, emperor of Ethiopia, defeats a revolt in Emfraz.
    • 1582 – Battle of Yamazaki: Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi Mitsuhide.
    • 1613 – The first English expedition (from Virginia) against Acadia led by Samuel Argall takes place.
    • 1644 – English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor.
    • 1645 – Battle of Alford: Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
    • 1698 – Thomas Savery patents the first steam engine.
    • 1776 – American Revolution: The Continental Congress adopts a resolution severing ties with the Kingdom of Great Britain although the wording of the formal Declaration of Independence is not published until July 4.
    • 1816 – The French frigate Méduse strikes the Bank of Arguin and 151 people on board have to be evacuated on an improvised raft, a case immortalised by Géricault’s painting The Raft of the Medusa.
    • 1822 – Thirty-five slaves, including Denmark Vesey, are hanged in South Carolina after being accused of organizing a slave rebellion.
    • 1823 – Bahia Independence Day: The end of Portuguese rule in Brazil, with the final defeat of the Portuguese crown loyalists in the province of Bahia.
    • 1839 – Twenty miles off the coast of Cuba, 53 kidnapped Africans led by Joseph Cinqué mutiny and take over the slave ship Amistad.
    • 1853 – The Russian Army crosses the Pruth river into the Danubian Principalities, Moldavia and Wallachia—providing the spark that will set off the Crimean War.
    • 1871 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy enters Rome after having conquered it from the Papal States.
    • 1881 – Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James A. Garfield (who will die of complications from his wounds on September 19).
    • 1890 – The U.S. Congress passes the Sherman Antitrust Act.
    • 1897 – British-Italian engineer Guglielmo Marconi obtains a patent for radio in London.
    • 1900 – The first Zeppelin flight takes place on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany.
    • 1900 – Jean Sibelius’ Finlandia receives its première performance in Helsinki with the Helsinki Philharmonic Society conducted by Robert Kajanus.
    • 1921 – World War I: U.S. President Warren G. Harding signs the Knox–Porter Resolution formally ending the war between the United States and Germany.
    • 1934 – The Night of the Long Knives ends with the death of Ernst Röhm.
    • 1937 – Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan are last heard from over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first equatorial round-the-world flight.
    • 1940 – Indian independence leader Subhas Chandra Bose is arrested and detained in Calcutta.
    • 1940 – The SS Arandora Star is sunk by U-47 in the North Atlantic with the loss of over 800 lives, mostly civilians.
    • 1962 – The first Walmart store, then known as Wal-Mart, opens for business in Rogers, Arkansas.
    • 1964 – Civil rights movement: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 meant to prohibit segregation in public places.
    • 1966 – France conducts its first nuclear weapon test in the Pacific, on Moruroa Atoll.
    • 1976 – End of South Vietnam; Communist North Vietnam annexes the former South Vietnam to form the unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
    • 1986 – Rodrigo Rojas and Carmen Gloria Quintana are burnt alive during a street demonstration against the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet in Chile.
    • 1990 – In the 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy, 1,400 Muslim pilgrims are suffocated to death and trampled upon in a pedestrian tunnel leading to the holy city of Mecca.
    • 1994 – USAir Flight 1016 crashes near Charlotte Douglas International Airport, killing 37 of the 57 people on board.
    • 1997 – The Bank of Thailand floats the baht, triggering the Asian financial crisis.
    • 2000 – Vicente Fox Quesada is elected the first President of México from an opposition party, the Partido Acción Nacional, after more than 70 years of continuous rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional.
    • 2001 – The AbioCor self-contained artificial heart is first implanted.
    • 2002 – Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon.
    • 2005 – The Live 8 benefit concerts takes place in the G8 states and in South Africa. More than 1,000 musicians perform and are broadcast on 182 television networks and 2,000 radio networks.
    • 2008 – Colombian conflict: Íngrid Betancourt, a member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, is released from captivity after being held for six and a half years by FARC.
    • 2010 – The South Kivu tank truck explosion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo kills at least 230 people.
    • 2013 – The International Astronomical Union names Pluto’s fourth and fifth moons, Kerberos and Styx.
    • 2013 – A magnitude 6.1 earthquake strikes Aceh, Indonesia, killing at least 42 people and injuring 420 others.

    Births on July 2

    • 419 – Valentinian III, Roman emperor (d. 455)
    • 1363 – Maria, Queen of Sicily (d. 1401)
    • 1478 – Louis V, Elector Palatine (d. 1544)
    • 1486 – Jacopo Sansovino, Italian sculptor and architect (d. 1570)
    • 1489 – Thomas Cranmer, English archbishop, theologian, and saint (d. 1556)
    • 1492 – Elizabeth Tudor, English daughter of Henry VII of England (d. 1495)
    • 1500 – Federico Cesi (cardinal), Italian cardinal (d. 1565)
    • 1575 – Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby, English noblewoman and head of state of the Isle of Man (d. 1627)
    • 1597 – Theodoor Rombouts, Flemish painter (d. 1637)
    • 1647 – Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1730)
    • 1648 – Arp Schnitger, German organ builder (d. 1719)
    • 1665 – Samuel Penhallow, English-American soldier and historian (d. 1726)
    • 1667 – Pietro Ottoboni, Italian cardinal and art collector (d. 1740)
    • 1714 – Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (d. 1787)
    • 1724 – Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German poet and author (d. 1803)
    • 1797 – Francisco Javier Echeverría, Mexican businessman and politician. President of Mexico (1841) (d. 1852)
    • 1819 – Charles-Louis Hanon, French pianist and composer (d. 1900)
    • 1820 – George Law Curry, American publisher and politician, 5th Governor of the Oregon Territory (d. 1878)
    • 1820 – Juan N. Méndez, Mexican general and interim president, 1876-1877 (d. 1894)
    • 1821 – Charles Tupper, Canadian physician and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1915)
    • 1825 – Émile Ollivier, French statesman (d. 1913)
    • 1834 – Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack, Dutch economist and historian (d. 1917)
    • 1849 – Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (d. 1919)
    • 1862 – William Henry Bragg, English physicist, chemist, and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1942)
    • 1865 – Lily Braun, German author and publicist (d. 1916)
    • 1869 – Liane de Pougy, French-Swiss dancer and author (d. 1950)
    • 1876 – Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist and academic (d. 1933)
    • 1876 – Wilhelm Cuno, German businessman and politician, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1933)
    • 1877 – Hermann Hesse, German-born Swiss poet, novelist, and painter, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
    • 1877 – Rinaldo Cuneo, American artist (“the painter of San Francisco”) (d. 1939)
    • 1881 – Royal Hurlburt Weller, American lawyer and politician (d. 1929)
    • 1884 – Alfons Maria Jakob, German neurologist and author (d. 1931)
    • 1893 – Ralph Hancock, Welsh gardener and author (d. 1950)
    • 1900 – Tyrone Guthrie, English actor and director (d. 1971)
    • 1900 – Sophie Harris, English costume and scenic designer for theatre and opera (d. 1966)
    • 1902 – K. Kanapathypillai, Sri Lankan author and academic (d. 1968)
    • 1902 – Germaine Thyssens-Valentin, Dutch-French pianist (d. 1987)
    • 1903 – Alec Douglas-Home, English cricketer and politician, 66th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
    • 1903 – Olav V of Norway (d. 1991)
    • 1904 – René Lacoste, French tennis player and businessman, created the polo shirt (d. 1996)
    • 1906 – Hans Bethe, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
    • 1906 – Károly Kárpáti, Hungarian Jewish wrestler (d. 1996)
    • 1906 – Séra Martin, French middle-distance runner (d. 1993)
    • 1908 – Thurgood Marshall, American lawyer and jurist, 32nd Solicitor General of the United States (d. 1993)
    • 1911 – Reg Parnell, English race car driver and manager (d. 1964)
    • 1913 – Max Beloff, Baron Beloff, English historian and academic (d. 1999)
    • 1914 – Frederick Fennell, American conductor and educator (d. 2004)
    • 1914 – Ethelreda Leopold, American actress (d. 1988)
    • 1914 – Mário Schenberg, Brazilian physicist and engineer (d. 1990)
    • 1914 – Erich Topp, German admiral (d. 2005)
    • 1915 – Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington, British peer, politician and soldier (d. 2014)
    • 1916 – Ken Curtis, American actor and singer (d. 1991)
    • 1916 – Hans-Ulrich Rudel, German colonel and pilot (d. 1982)
    • 1916 – Reino Kangasmäki, Finnish wrestler (d. 2010)
    • 1916 – Zélia Gattai, Brazilian author and photographer (d. 2008)
    • 1917 – Leonard J. Arrington, American author and academic, founded the Mormon History Association (d. 1999)
    • 1918 – Athos Bulcão, Brazilian painter and sculptor (d. 2008)
    • 1918 – Indumati Bhattacharya, Indian politician
    • 1919 – Jean Craighead George, American author (d. 2012)
    • 1920 – John Kneubuhl, Samoan-American historian, screenwriter, and playwright (d. 1992)
    • 1922 – Pierre Cardin, Italian-French fashion designer
    • 1922 – Paula Valenska, Czech actress
    • 1923 – Cyril M. Kornbluth, American soldier and author (d. 1958)
    • 1923 – Wisława Szymborska, Polish poet and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
    • 1925 – Medgar Evers, American soldier and activist (d. 1963)
    • 1925 – Patrice Lumumba, Congolese politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1961)
    • 1925 – Marvin Rainwater, American singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Octavian Paler, Romanian journalist and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1927 – Lee Allen, American saxophone player (d. 1994)
    • 1927 – James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern, Scottish lawyer and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
    • 1927 – Brock Peters, American actor (d. 2005)
    • 1929 – Imelda Marcos, Filipino politician; 10th First Lady of the Philippines
    • 1930 – Carlos Menem, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 50th President of Argentina
    • 1931 – Mohammad Yazdi, Iranian cleric
    • 1932 – Dave Thomas, American businessman and philanthropist, founded Wendy’s (d. 2002)
    • 1933 – Peter Desbarats, Canadian journalist, author, and playwright
    • 1933 – Kenny Wharram, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2017)
    • 1934 – Tom Springfield, English musician
    • 1935 – Gilbert Kalish, American pianist and educator
    • 1936 – Omar Suleiman, Egyptian general and politician, 16th Vice President of Egypt (d. 2012)
    • 1937 – Polly Holliday, American actress
    • 1937 – Richard Petty, American race car driver and sportscaster
    • 1938 – David Owen, English physician and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
    • 1939 – Alexandros Panagoulis, Greek poet and politician (d. 1976)
    • 1939 – John H. Sununu, American engineer and politician, 14th White House Chief of Staff
    • 1939 – Paul Williams, American singer and choreographer (d. 1973)
    • 1940 – Kenneth Clarke, English politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
    • 1941 – William Guest, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2015)
    • 1941 – Wendell Mottley, Trinidadian sprinter, economist, and politician
    • 1942 – John Eekelaar, South African-English lawyer and scholar
    • 1942 – Vicente Fox, Mexican businessman and politician, 35th President of Mexico (2000-2006)
    • 1943 – Ivi Eenmaa, Estonian politician, 36th Mayor of Tallinn
    • 1943 – Larry Lake, American-Canadian trumpet player and composer (d. 2013)
    • 1946 – Richard Axel, American neuroscientist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1946 – Ron Silver, American actor, director, and political activist (d. 2009)
    • 1947 – Larry David, American actor, comedian, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1947 – Ann Taylor, Baroness Taylor of Bolton, English politician, Minister for International Security Strategy
    • 1948 – Mutula Kilonzo, Kenyan lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1949 – Greg Brown, American musician
    • 1949 – Robert Paquette, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1950 – Lynne Brindley, English librarian and academic
    • 1950 – Jon Trickett, English politician
    • 1952 – Sylvia Rivera, American transgender rights activist (d. 2002)
    • 1952 – Anatoliy Solomin, Ukrainian race walker and coach
    • 1954 – Chris Huhne, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
    • 1955 – Kim Carr, Australian educator and politician, 31st Australian Minister for Human Services
    • 1956 – Jerry Hall, American model and actress
    • 1957 – Bret Hart, Canadian wrestler
    • 1957 – Jüri Raidla, Estonian lawyer and politician, Estonian Minister of Justice
    • 1957 – Purvis Short, American basketball player
    • 1958 – Pavan Malhotra, Indian actor
    • 1960 – Maria Lourdes Sereno, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 24th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
    • 1961 – Clark Kellogg, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1962 – Neil Williams, English cricketer (d. 2006)
    • 1964 – Jose Canseco, Cuban-American baseball player and mixed martial artist
    • 1964 – Ozzie Canseco, Cuban-American baseball player, coach, and manager
    • 1964 – Joe Magrane, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1964 – Alan Tait, English-Scottish rugby player and coach
    • 1965 – Norbert Röttgen, German lawyer and politician
    • 1969 – Tim Rodber, English rugby player
    • 1970 – Derrick Adkins, American hurdler
    • 1970 – Steve Morrow, Northern Irish footballer and manager
    • 1971 – Troy Brown, American football player and actor
    • 1971 – Bryan Redpath, Scottish rugby player and coach
    • 1972 – Darren Shan, English author
    • 1974 – Sean Casey, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1975 – Éric Dazé, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1975 – Kristen Michal, Estonian lawyer and politician
    • 1975 – Erik Ohlsson, Swedish singer and guitarist
    • 1975 – Stefan Terblanche, South African rugby player
    • 1976 – Krisztián Lisztes, Hungarian footballer
    • 1976 – Tomáš Vokoun, Czech-American ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Deniz Barış, Turkish footballer
    • 1978 – Jüri Ratas, Estonian politician, 42nd Mayor of Tallinn
    • 1979 – Walter Davis, American triple jumper
    • 1979 – Ahmed al-Ghamdi, Saudi Arabian terrorist, hijacker of United Airlines Flight 175 (d. 2001)
    • 1979 – Sam Hornish Jr., American race car driver
    • 1979 – Joe Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1980 – Nyjer Morgan, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Nathan Ellington, English footballer
    • 1981 – Carlos Rogers, American football player
    • 1983 – Michelle Branch, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1983 – Kyle Hogg, English cricketer
    • 1984 – Thomas Kortegaard, Danish footballer
    • 1984 – Johnny Weir, American figure skater
    • 1985 – Rhett Bomar, American football player
    • 1985 – Chad Henne, American football player
    • 1985 – Ashley Tisdale, American actress, singer, and producer
    • 1986 – Brett Cecil, American baseball player
    • 1986 – Lindsay Lohan, American actress and singer
    • 1987 – Esteban Granero, Spanish footballer
    • 1988 – Lee Chung-yong, South Korean footballer
    • 1989 – Nadezhda Grishaeva, Russian basketball player
    • 1989 – Alex Morgan, American soccer player
    • 1990 – Kayla Harrison, American judoka
    • 1990 – Merritt Mathias, American soccer player
    • 1990 – Morag McLellan, Scottish field hockey player
    • 1990 – Margot Robbie, Australian actress and producer
    • 1990 – Danny Rose, English footballer
    • 1990 – Bill Tupou, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1992 – Madison Chock, American ice dancer
    • 1993 – Vince Staples, American rapper and actor
    • 1994 – Henrik Kristoffersen, Norwegian skier
    • 1995 – Ryan Murphy, American swimmer
    • 1996 – Julia Grabher, Austrian tennis player

    Deaths on July 2

    • 626 – Li Jiancheng, Chinese prince (b. 589)
    • 626 – Li Yuanji, Chinese prince (b. 603)
    • 649 – Li Jing, Chinese general (b. 571)
    • 862 – Swithun, English bishop and saint (b. 789)
    • 866 – Robert the Strong, Frankish nobleman
    • 936 – Henry the Fowler, German king (b. 876)
    • 1215 – Eisai, Japanese Buddhist priest (b. 1141)
    • 1298 – Adolf of Germany (b. 1220)
    • 1504 – Stephen III of Moldavia (b. 1434)
    • 1566 – Nostradamus, French astrologer and author (b. 1503)
    • 1578 – Thomas Doughty, English explorer
    • 1582 – Akechi Mitsuhide, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1528)
    • 1591 – Vincenzo Galilei, Italian lute player and composer (b. 1520)
    • 1619 – Francis II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1547)
    • 1621 – Thomas Harriot, English astronomer, mathematician, and ethnographer (b. 1560)
    • 1656 – François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-French general (b. 1611)
    • 1674 – Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1614)
    • 1743 – Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1673)
    • 1746 – Thomas Baker, English antiquarian and author (b. 1656)
    • 1778 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Swiss philosopher and composer (b. 1712)
    • 1833 – Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 1st Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (b. 1757)
    • 1843 – Samuel Hahnemann, German physician and academic (b. 1755)
    • 1850 – Robert Peel, English lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788)
    • 1857 – Carlo Pisacane, Italian soldier and philosopher (b. 1818)
    • 1903 – Ed Delahanty, American baseball player (b. 1867)
    • 1912 – Tom Richardson, English cricketer (b. 1870)
    • 1914 – Joseph Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (b. 1836)
    • 1915 – Porfirio Díaz, Mexican general and politician, 29th President of Mexico (b. 1830)
    • 1920 – William Louis Marshall, American general and engineer (b. 1846)
    • 1926 – Émile Coué, French psychologist and pharmacist (b. 1857)
    • 1929 – Gladys Brockwell, American actress (b. 1894)
    • 1932 – Manuel II of Portugal (b. 1889)
    • 1950 – Thomas William Burgess, English swimmer and water polo player (b. 1872)
    • 1955 – Edward Lawson, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1873)
    • 1961 – Ernest Hemingway, American novelist, short story writer, and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
    • 1963 – Alicia Patterson, American publisher, co-founded Newsday (b. 1906)
    • 1964 – Fireball Roberts, American race car driver (b. 1929)
    • 1966 – Jan Brzechwa, Polish poet and author (b. 1900)
    • 1970 – Jessie Street, Australian suffragette and feminist (b. 1889)
    • 1972 – Joseph Fielding Smith, American religious leader, 10th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1876)
    • 1973 – Betty Grable, American actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1916)
    • 1973 – George McBride, American baseball player and manager (b. 1880)
    • 1973 – Ferdinand Schörner, German field marshal (b. 1892)
    • 1975 – James Robertson Justice, English actor (b. 1907)
    • 1977 – Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born novelist and critic (b. 1899)
    • 1978 – Aris Alexandrou, Greek author and poet (b. 1922)
    • 1986 – Peanuts Lowrey, American baseball player and manager (b. 1917)
    • 1988 – Vibert Douglas, Canadian astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1894)
    • 1989 – Andrei Gromyko, Soviet economist and politician, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1909)
    • 1990 – Snooky Lanson, American singer (b. 1914)
    • 1991 – Lee Remick, American actress (b. 1935)
    • 1993 – Fred Gwynne, American actor (b. 1926)
    • 1994 – Andrés Escobar, Colombian footballer (b. 1967)
    • 1995 – Lloyd MacPhail, Canadian businessman and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island (b. 1920)
    • 1997 – James Stewart, American actor (b. 1908)
    • 1999 – Mario Puzo, American author and screenwriter (b. 1920)
    • 2000 – Joey Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcycle racer (b. 1952)
    • 2002 – Ray Brown, American bassist and composer (b. 1926)
    • 2003 – Briggs Cunningham, American race car driver and businessman (b. 1907)
    • 2004 – Mochtar Lubis, Indonesian journalist and author (b. 1922)
    • 2005 – Ernest Lehman, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1915)
    • 2005 – Norm Prescott, American actor, composer, and producer, co-founded Filmation Studios (b. 1927)
    • 2006 – Jan Murray, American comedian, actor, and game show host (b. 1916)
    • 2007 – Beverly Sills, American operatic soprano and television personality (b. 1929)
    • 2008 – Natasha Shneider, Russian-American singer, keyboard player, and actress (b. 1956)
    • 2008 – Elizabeth Spriggs, English actress and screenwriter (b. 1929)
    • 2010 – Beryl Bainbridge, English screenwriter and author (b. 1932)
    • 2011 – Itamar Franco, Brazilian engineer and politician, 33rd President of Brazil (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Maurice Chevit, French actor and screenwriter (b. 1923)
    • 2012 – Julian Goodman, American journalist (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – Angelo Mangiarotti, Italian architect and academic (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Betty Meggers, American archaeologist and academic (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Ed Stroud, American baseball player (b. 1939)
    • 2013 – Anthony G. Bosco, American bishop (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Douglas Engelbart, American computer scientist, invented the computer mouse (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Armand Gaudreault, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Anthony Llewellyn, Welsh-American chemist, academic, and astronaut (b. 1933)
    • 2014 – Emilio Álvarez Montalván, Nicaraguan ophthalmologist and politician (b. 1919)
    • 2014 – Manuel Cardona, Spanish physicist and academic (b. 1934)
    • 2014 – Mary Innes-Ker, Duchess of Roxburghe (b. 1915)
    • 2014 – Harold W. Kuhn, American mathematician and academic (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Louis Zamperini, American runner and World War II US Army Air Forces captain (b. 1917)
    • 2015 – Ronald Davison, New Zealand lawyer and judge, 10th Chief Justice of New Zealand (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Charlie Sanders, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1946)
    • 2015 – Jim Weaver, American football player and coach (b. 1945)
    • 2015 – Jacobo Zabludovsky, Mexican journalist (b. 1928)
    • 2016 – Caroline Aherne, English actress and comedian (b. 1963)
    • 2016 – Michael Cimino, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1939)
    • 2016 – Patrick Manning, 4th & 6th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (b. 1946)
    • 2016 – Elie Wiesel, Holocaust survivor, activist, and author (b. 1928)
    • 2020 – Ángela Jeria, Chilean archaeologist (b. 1926)
    • 2020 – Byron Bernstein Reckful, gamer, Twitch streamer, investor (b. 1989)

    Holidays and observances on July 2

    • Christian feast day:
      • Aberoh and Atom (Coptic Church)
      • Bernardino Realino
      • Feast of the Visitation (Anglicanism; Levoča at Mariánska hora)
      • Monegundis
      • Otto of Bamberg
      • Oudoceus
      • Martinian and Processus
      • Pishoy (Coptic Church)
      • Stephen III of Moldavia
      • July 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which Unity Day can fall, while July 8 is the latest; celebrated on Tuesday following Heroes’ Day. (Zambia)
    • Flag Day (Curaçao)
    • Palio di Provenzano (Siena, Italy)
    • Police Day (Azerbaijan)

  • June 25 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
    • 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.
    • 1258 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Acre, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet sailing to relieve Acre.
    • 1530 – At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.
    • 1658 – Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.
    • 1678 – Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.
    • 1741 – Maria Theresa is crowned Queen of Hungary.
    • 1786 – Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.
    • 1788 – Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
    • 1848 – A photograph of the June Days uprising becomes the first known instance of photojournalism.
    • 1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.
    • 1900 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China.
    • 1906 – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania millionaire Harry Thaw shoots and kills prominent architect Stanford White.
    • 1910 – The United States Congress passes the Mann Act, which prohibits interstate transport of women or girls for “immoral purposes”; the ambiguous language would be used to selectively prosecute people for years to come.
    • 1910 – Igor Stravinsky’s ballet The Firebird is premiered in Paris, bringing him to prominence as a composer.
    • 1913 – American Civil War veterans begin arriving at the Great Reunion of 1913.
    • 1935 – Colombia–Soviet Union relations are established.
    • 1938 – Dr. Douglas Hyde is inaugurated as the first President of Ireland.
    • 1940 – World War II: The French armistice with Germany comes into effect.
    • 1943 – The Holocaust: Jews in the Częstochowa Ghetto in Poland stage an uprising against the Nazis.
    • 1943 – The left-wing German Jewish exile Arthur Goldstein is murdered in Auschwitz.
    • 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in the Nordic countries, begins.
    • 1944 – World War II: United States Navy and British Royal Navy ships bombard Cherbourg to support United States Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg.
    • 1944 – The final page of the comic Krazy Kat is published, exactly two months after its author George Herriman died.
    • 1947 – The Diary of a Young Girl (better known as The Diary of Anne Frank) is published.
    • 1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.
    • 1960 – Cold War: Two cryptographers working for the United States National Security Agency left for vacation to Mexico, and from there defected to the Soviet Union.
    • 1975 – Mozambique achieves independence from Portugal.
    • 1975 – Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of internal emergency in India.
    • 1976 – Missouri Governor Kit Bond issues an executive order rescinding the Extermination Order, formally apologizing on behalf of the state of Missouri for the suffering it had caused to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
    • 1978 – The rainbow flag representing gay pride is flown for the first time during the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade.
    • 1981 – Microsoft is restructured to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington.
    • 1991 – Slovenia and Croatia declare their independence by referendum from Yugoslavia.
    • 1993 – Kim Campbell is sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Canada.
    • 1996 – The Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia kills 19 U.S. servicemen.
    • 1997 – An unmanned Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian space station Mir.
    • 1997 – The National Hockey League approved expansion franchises for Nashville (1998), Atlanta (1999), Columbus (2000), and Minneapolis-Saint Paul (2000).
    • 1998 – In Clinton v. City of New York, the United States Supreme Court decides that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 is unconstitutional.
    • 2017 – The World Health Organization estimates that Yemen has over 200,000 cases of cholera.

    Births on June 25

    • 1242 – Beatrice of England (d. 1275)
    • 1328 – William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English commander (d. 1397)
    • 1371 – Joanna II of Naples (d. 1435)
    • 1484 – Bartholomeus V. Welser, German banker (d. 1561)
    • 1526 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton (d. 1565)
    • 1560 – Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon (d. 1634)
    • 1568 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)
    • 1612 – John Albert Vasa, Polish cardinal (d. 1634)
    • 1709 – Francesco Araja, Italian composer (d. 1762)
    • 1715 – Joseph Foullon de Doué, French soldier and politician, Controller-General of Finances (d. 1789)
    • 1755 – Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (d. 1776)
    • 1799 – David Douglas, Scottish-English botanist and explorer (d. 1834)
    • 1814 – Gabriel Auguste Daubrée, French geologist and engineer (d. 1896)
    • 1825 – James Farnell, Australian politician, 8th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1888)
    • 1852 – Antoni Gaudí, Spanish architect, designed the Park Güell (d. 1926)
    • 1858 – Georges Courteline, French author and playwright (d. 1929)
    • 1860 – Gustave Charpentier, French composer and conductor (d. 1956)
    • 1863 – Émile Francqui, Belgian soldier and diplomat (d. 1935)
    • 1864 – Walther Nernst, German chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
    • 1866 – Eloísa Díaz, Chilean doctor and Chile’s first female physician (d. 1950)
    • 1874 – Rose O’Neill, American cartoonist, illustrator, artist, and writer (d. 1944)
    • 1884 – Géza Gyóni, Hungarian soldier and poet (d. 1917)
    • 1884 – Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, German-French art collector and historian (d. 1979)
    • 1886 – Henry H. Arnold, American general (d. 1950)
    • 1887 – George Abbott, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995)
    • 1887 – Frigyes Karinthy, Hungarian author, poet, and journalist (d. 1938)
    • 1892 – Shirō Ishii, Japanese microbiologist and general (d. 1959)
    • 1894 – Hermann Oberth, Romanian-German physicist and engineer (d. 1989)
    • 1898 – Kay Sage, American painter and poet (d. 1963)
    • 1900 – Marta Abba, Italian actress (d. 1988)
    • 1900 – Zinaida Aksentyeva, Ukrainian/Soviet astronomer (d. 1969)
    • 1900 – Georgia Hale, American silent film actress and real estate investor (d. 1985)
    • 1900 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, English admiral and politician, 44th Governor-General of India (d. 1979)
    • 1901 – Harold Roe Bartle, American businessman and politician, 47th Mayor of Kansas City (d. 1974)
    • 1902 – Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu of Japan (d. 1953)
    • 1903 – George Orwell, British novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1950)
    • 1903 – Anne Revere, American actress (d. 1990)
    • 1905 – Rupert Wildt, German-American astronomer and academic (d. 1976)
    • 1907 – J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
    • 1908 – Willard Van Orman Quine, American philosopher and academic (d. 2000)
    • 1911 – William Howard Stein, American chemist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
    • 1912 – William T. Cahill, American lawyer and politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (d. 1996)
    • 1913 – Cyril Fletcher, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2005)
    • 1915 – Whipper Billy Watson, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (d. 1990)
    • 1917 – Nils Karlsson, Swedish skier (d. 2012)
    • 1917 – Claude Seignolle, French author (d. 2018)
    • 1918 – P. H. Newby, English soldier and author (d. 1997)
    • 1920 – Lassie Lou Ahern, American actress (d. 2018)
    • 1921 – Celia Franca, English-Canadian ballerina and choreographer, founded the National Ballet of Canada (d. 2007)
    • 1922 – Johnny Smith, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1923 – Sam Francis, American soldier and painter (d. 1994)
    • 1923 – Dorothy Gilman, American author (d. 2012)
    • 1923 – Jamshid Amouzegar, 43rd Prime Minister of Iran (d. 2016)
    • 1924 – Sidney Lumet, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
    • 1924 – Dimitar Isakov, Bulgarian football player
    • 1924 – Madan Mohan, Iraqi-Indian composer and director (d. 1975)
    • 1924 – William J. Castagna, American lawyer and judge
    • 1925 – Clifton Chenier, American singer-songwriter and accordion player (d. 1987)
    • 1925 – June Lockhart, American actress
    • 1925 – Clay Evans, American Baptist pastor (d. 2019)
    • 1925 – Robert Venturi, American architect and academic (d. 2018)
    • 1925 – Virginia Patton, American actress and businesswoman
    • 1926 – Margaret Anstee, English diplomat (d. 2016)
    • 1926 – Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian author and poet (d. 1973)
    • 1926 – Kep Enderby, Australian lawyer, judge, and politician, 23rd Attorney-General for Australia (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Stig Sollander, Swedish Alpine skier (d. 2019)
    • 1927 – Antal Róka, Hungarian runner (d. 1970)
    • 1927 – Chuck Smith, American pastor, founded the Calvary Chapel (d. 2013)
    • 1927 – Arnold Wolfendale, English astronomer and academic
    • 1928 – Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Russian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)
    • 1928 – John A. Wickham Jr., United States Army general
    • 1928 – Michel Brault, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Peyo, Belgian author and illustrator, created The Smurfs (d. 1992)
    • 1928 – Bill Russo, American pianist and composer (d. 2003)
    • 1928 – Alex Toth, American animator and screenwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – Eric Carle, American author and illustrator
    • 1929 – Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)
    • 1931 – V. P. Singh, Indian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of India (d. 2008)
    • 1932 – Peter Blake, English painter and illustrator
    • 1932 – Tim Parnell, English race car driver (d. 2017)
    • 1932 – George Sluizer, French-Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Álvaro Siza Vieira, Portuguese architect, designed the Porto School of Architecture
    • 1934 – Jean Geissinger, American baseball player (d. 2014)
    • 1934 – Jack W. Hayford, American minister and author
    • 1934 – Beatriz Sheridan, Mexican actress and director (d. 2006)
    • 1935 – Ray Butt, English television producer and director (d. 2013)
    • 1935 – Salihu Ibrahim, Nigerian Army Officer (d. 2018)
    • 1935 – Taufiq Ismail, Indonesian poet and activist
    • 1935 – Larry Kramer, American author, playwright, and activist, co-founded Gay Men’s Health Crisis (d. 2020)
    • 1935 – Don Demeter, American professional baseball player
    • 1935 – Tony Lanfranchi, English race car driver (d. 2004)
    • 1935 – Judy Howe, American artistic gymnast
    • 1935 – Charles Sheffield, English-American mathematician, physicist, and author (d. 2002)
    • 1936 – B. J. Habibie, Indonesian engineer and politician, 3rd President of Indonesia (d. 2019)
    • 1936 – Bert Hölldobler, German biologist and entomologist
    • 1937 – Eddie Floyd, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter
    • 1937 – Derek Foster, Baron Foster of Bishop Auckland, English politician (d. 2019)
    • 1937 – Doreen Wells, English ballerina and actress
    • 1939 – Allen Fox, American tennis player and coach
    • 1940 – Judy Amoore, Australian runner
    • 1940 – Mary Beth Peil, American actress and singer
    • 1940 – A. J. Quinnell, English-Maltese author (d. 2005)
    • 1940 – Clint Warwick, English bass player (d. 2004)
    • 1941 – Denys Arcand, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1941 – John Albert Raven, Scottish academic and ecologist
    • 1942 – Nikiforos Diamandouros, Greek academic and politician
    • 1942 – Willis Reed, American basketball player, coach, and manager
    • 1942 – Michel Tremblay, Canadian author and playwright
    • 1944 – Robert Charlebois, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1944 – Gary David Goldberg, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1945 – Carly Simon, American singer-songwriter
    • 1945 – Baba Gana Kingibe, Nigerian politician
    • 1945 – Harry Womack, American singer (d. 1974)
    • 1946 – Roméo Dallaire, Dutch-Canadian general and politician
    • 1946 – Allen Lanier, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1946 – Ian McDonald, English guitarist and saxophonist
    • 1947 – John Hilton, English table tennis player
    • 1947 – John Powell, American discus thrower
    • 1947 – Jimmie Walker, American actor and comedian
    • 1949 – Richard Clarke, Irish archbishop
    • 1949 – Patrick Tambay, French race car driver
    • 1949 – Yoon Joo-sang, South Korean actor
    • 1950 – Marcello Toninelli, Italian author and screenwriter
    • 1951 – Eva Bayer-Fluckiger, Swiss mathematician and academic
    • 1952 – Péter Erdő, Hungarian cardinal
    • 1952 – Tim Finn, New Zealand singer-songwriter
    • 1952 – Martin Gerschwitz, German singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1952 – Alan Green, Northern Irish sportscaster
    • 1952 – Kristina Abelli Elander, Swedish artist
    • 1953 – Olivier Ameisen, French-American cardiologist and educator (d. 2013)
    • 1953 – Ian Davis, Australian cricketer
    • 1954 – Mario Lessard, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1954 – David Paich, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
    • 1954 – Lina Romay, Spanish actress (d. 2012)
    • 1954 – Daryush Shokof, Iranian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1954 – Sonia Sotomayor, American lawyer and judge
    • 1955 – Vic Marks, English cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1956 – Anthony Bourdain, American chef and author (d. 2018)
    • 1956 – Frank Paschek, German long jumper
    • 1956 – Boris Trajkovski, Macedonian politician, 2nd President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2004)
    • 1956 – Craig Young, Australian rugby player and coach
    • 1957 – Greg Millen, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
    • 1958 – George Becali, Romanian businessman, politician
    • 1959 – Lutz Dombrowski, German long jumper and educator
    • 1959 – Jari Puikkonen, Finnish ski jumper
    • 1959 – Bobbie Vaile, Australian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1996)
    • 1960 – Alastair Bruce of Crionaich, English-Scottish journalist and author
    • 1960 – Brian Hayward, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
    • 1960 – Craig Johnston, South African-Australian footballer and photographer
    • 1960 – Laurent Rodriguez, French rugby player
    • 1961 – Timur Bekmambetov, Kazakh director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1961 – Ricky Gervais, English comedian, actor, director, producer and singer
    • 1963 – John Benjamin Hickey, American actor
    • 1963 – Yann Martel, Spanish-Canadian author
    • 1963 – Doug Gilmour, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
    • 1963 – George Michael, English singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2016)
    • 1963 – Mike Stanley, American baseball player
    • 1964 – Dell Curry, American basketball player and coach
    • 1964 – Phil Emery, Australian cricketer
    • 1964 – Johnny Herbert, English race car driver and sportscaster
    • 1964 – John McCrea, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1964 – Greg Raymer, American poker player and lawyer
    • 1965 – Napole Polutele, French politician
    • 1965 – Kerri Pottharst, Australian beach volleyball player
    • 1965 – Joseph Hii Teck Kwong, Malaysian bishop
    • 1966 – Dikembe Mutombo, Congolese-American basketball player
    • 1967 – Tracey Spicer, Australian journalist
    • 1968 – Adrian Garvey, Zimbabwean-South African rugby player
    • 1968 – Vaios Karagiannis, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1969 – Hunter Foster, American actor and singer
    • 1969 – Zim Zum, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1970 – Ariel Gore, American journalist and author
    • 1970 – Roope Latvala, Finnish guitarist
    • 1970 – Erki Nool, Estonian decathlete and politician
    • 1970 – Aaron Sele, American baseball player and scout
    • 1971 – Karen Darke, English cyclist and author
    • 1971 – Jason Gallian, Australian-English cricketer and educator
    • 1971 – Rod Kafer, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
    • 1971 – Neil Lennon, Northern Irish-Scottish footballer and manager
    • 1971 – Michael Tucker, American baseball player
    • 1972 – Carlos Delgado, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
    • 1972 – Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, Libyan engineer and politician
    • 1973 – René Corbet, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1973 – Milan Hnilička, Czech ice hockey player
    • 1973 – Jamie Redknapp, English footballer and coach
    • 1974 – Nisha Ganatra, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1974 – Glen Metropolit, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1975 – Kiur Aarma, Estonian journalist and producer
    • 1975 – Linda Cardellini, American actress
    • 1975 – Albert Costa, Spanish tennis player and coach
    • 1975 – Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player
    • 1975 – Michele Merkin, American model and television host
    • 1976 – José Cancela, Uruguayan footballer
    • 1976 – Iestyn Harris, Welsh rugby player and coach
    • 1976 – Carlos Nieto, Argentinian-Italian rugby player
    • 1976 – Neil Walker, American swimmer
    • 1978 – Aramis Ramírez, Dominican-American baseball player
    • 1978 – Luke Scott, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Marcus Stroud, American football player
    • 1979 – Marko Albert, Estonian swimmer and triathlete
    • 1979 – Richard Hughes, Scottish footballer
    • 1979 – Busy Philipps, American actress
    • 1981 – Simon Ammann, Swiss ski jumper
    • 1982 – Rain, South Korean singer and actor
    • 1982 – Mikhail Youzhny, Russian tennis player
    • 1983 – Todd Cooper, English swimmer
    • 1983 – Marc Janko, Austrian footballer
    • 1984 – Lauren Bush, American model and fashion designer
    • 1985 – Karim Matmour, Algerian footballer
    • 1986 – Aya Matsuura, Japanese singer and actress
    • 1986 – Seda Tokatlıoğlu, Turkish volleyball player
    • 1988 – Jhonas Enroth, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1988 – Miguel Layún, Mexican footballer
    • 1988 – Therese Johaug, Norwegian cross-country skier
    • 1989 – Jack Cork, English footballer
    • 1989 – Edgar Morais, Portuguese actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1989 – Rafael Morais, Portuguese actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1990 – Andi Eigenmann, Filipino actress
    • 1991 – Liisi Rist, Estonian cyclist
    • 1991 – Anna Zaja, German tennis player
    • 1996 – Pietro Fittipaldi, Brazilian-American race car driver
    • 1996 – Sione Mata’utia, Australian rugby league player
    • 1996 – Lele Pons, Latina-American Internet personality
    • 1998 – Kyle Chalmers, Australian swimmer
    • 2006 – Mckenna Grace, American actress

    Deaths on June 25

    • 635 – Gao Zu, Chinese emperor (b. 566)
    • 841 – Gerard of Auvergne, Frankish nobleman
    • 841 – Ricwin of Nantes, Frankish nobleman
    • 891 – Sunderolt, German archbishop
    • 931 – An Chonghui, Chinese general
    • 1014 – Æthelstan Ætheling, son of Æthelred the Unready
    • 1031 – Sheng Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 972)
    • 1134 – Niels, king of Denmark (b. 1065)
    • 1218 – Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, French politician, Lord High Steward (b. 1160)
    • 1291 – Eleanor of Provence, queen of England (b. 1223)
    • 1337 – Frederick III, king of Sicily (b. 1272)
    • 1394 – Dorothea of Montau, German hermitess (b. 1347)
    • 1483 – Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, English courtier and translator (b. 1440)
    • 1483 – Richard Grey, half brother of Edward V of England (b. 1458)
    • 1522 – Franchinus Gaffurius, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1451)
    • 1533 – Mary Tudor, queen of France (b. 1496)
    • 1579 – Hatano Hideharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1541)
    • 1593 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and archaeologist (b. 1541)
    • 1634 – John Marston, English poet and playwright (b. 1576)
    • 1638 – Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1602)
    • 1665 – Sigismund Francis, archduke of Austria (b. 1630)
    • 1669 – François de Vendôme, duke of Beaufort (b. 1616)
    • 1671 – Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian priest and astronomer (b. 1598)
    • 1673 – Charles de Batz-Castelmore d’Artagnan, French captain (b. 1611)
    • 1686 – Simon Ushakov, Russian painter and educator (b. 1626)
    • 1715 – Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and politician (b. 1646)
    • 1767 – Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer and theorist (b. 1681)
    • 1798 – Thomas Sandby, English cartographer, painter, and architect (b. 1721)
    • 1822 – E. T. A. Hoffmann, German composer, critic, and jurist (b. 1776)
    • 1835 – Ebenezer Pemberton, American educator (b. 1746)
    • 1838 – François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general and engineer (b. 1774)
    • 1861 – Abdülmecid I, Ottoman sultan (b. 1823)
    • 1866 – Alexander von Nordmann, Finnish biologist and paleontologist (b. 1803)
    • 1868 – Carlo Matteucci, Italian physicist and neurophysiologist (b. 1811)
    • 1870 – David Heaton, American lawyer and politician (b. 1823)
    • 1875 – Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (b. 1796)
    • 1876 – James Calhoun, American lieutenant (b. 1845)
    • 1876 – Boston Custer, American civilian army contractor (b. 1848)
    • 1876 – George Armstrong Custer, American general (b. 1839)
    • 1876 – Thomas Custer, American officer, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1845)
    • 1876 – Myles Keogh, Irish-American officer (b. 1840)
    • 1882 – François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806)
    • 1884 – Hans Rott, Austrian organist and composer (b. 1858)
    • 1886 – Jean-Louis Beaudry, Canadian businessman and politician, 11th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1809)
    • 1894 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French engineer and politician, 5th President of France (b. 1837)
    • 1906 – Stanford White, American architect, designed the Washington Square Arch (b. 1853)
    • 1912 – Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Dutch-British painter (b. 1836)
    • 1916 – Thomas Eakins, American painter, photographer, and sculptor (b. 1844)
    • 1917 – Géza Gyóni, Hungarian soldier and poet (b. 1884)
    • 1918 – Jake Beckley, American baseball player and coach (b. 1867)
    • 1922 – Satyendranath Dutta, Indian poet and author (b. 1882)
    • 1937 – Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900)
    • 1939 – Richard Seaman, English race car driver (b. 1913)
    • 1943 – Arthur Goldstein, German Jewish left-wing activist (c. 1887)
    • 1944 – Dénes Berinkey, Hungarian jurist and politician, 18th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871)
    • 1944 – Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer and actress (b. 1906)
    • 1947 – Jimmy Doyle, American boxer (b. 1924)
    • 1948 – William C. Lee, American general (b. 1895)
    • 1949 – Buck Freeman, American baseball player (b. 1871)
    • 1949 – James Steen, American water polo player (b. 1876)
    • 1950 – Maurice O’Sullivan, Irish police officer and author (b. 1904)
    • 1958 – Alfred Noyes, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1880)
    • 1959 – Charles Starkweather, American spree killer (b. 1938)
    • 1960 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player and manager (b. 1869)
    • 1968 – Tony Hancock, English comedian and actor (b. 1924)
    • 1971 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician, biologist, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1880)
    • 1972 – Jan Matulka, Czech-American painter and illustrator (b. 1890)
    • 1974 – Cornelius Lanczos, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (b. 1893)
    • 1976 – Johnny Mercer, American singer-songwriter, co-founded Capitol Records (b. 1909)
    • 1977 – Olave Baden-Powell, British Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting leader (b. 1889)
    • 1977 – Endre Szervánszky, Hungarian pianist and composer (b. 1911)
    • 1979 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, director, and producer (b. 1894)
    • 1979 – Philippe Halsman, Latvian-American photographer (b. 1906)
    • 1981 – Felipe Cossío del Pomar, Peruvian painter and political activist (b. 1888)
    • 1983 – Alberto Ginastera, Argentinian pianist and composer (b. 1916)
    • 1984 – Michel Foucault, French historian and philosopher (b. 1926)
    • 1988 – Hillel Slovak, Israeli-American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1962)
    • 1990 – Ronald Gene Simmons, American sergeant and murderer (b. 1940)
    • 1992 – Jerome Brown, American football player (b. 1965)
    • 1995 – Warren E. Burger, Fifteenth Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1907)
    • 1995 – Ernest Walton, Irish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
    • 1996 – Arthur Snelling, English civil servant and diplomat, British Ambassador to South Africa (b. 1914)
    • 1997 – Jacques Cousteau, French oceanographer and explorer (b. 1910)
    • 2002 – Jean Corbeil, Canadian politician, 29th Canadian Minister of Labour (b. 1934)
    • 2003 – Lester Maddox, American businessman and politician, 75th Governor of Georgia (b. 1915)
    • 2004 – Morton Coutts, New Zealand inventor (b. 1904)
    • 2005 – John Fiedler, American actor and voice artist (b. 1925)
    • 2005 – Kâzım Koyuncu, Turkish singer-songwriter and activist (b. 1971)
    • 2006 – Jaap Penraat, Dutch-American humanitarian (b. 1918)
    • 2007 – J. Fred Duckett, American journalist and educator (b. 1933)
    • 2007 – Jeeva, Indian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1963)
    • 2008 – Lyall Watson, South African anthropologist and ethologist (b. 1939)
    • 2009 – Farrah Fawcett, American actress and producer (b. 1947)
    • 2009 – Michael Jackson, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, and actor (b. 1958)
    • 2009 – Sky Saxon, American singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
    • 2010 – Alan Plater, English playwright and screenwriter (b. 1935)
    • 2010 – Richard B. Sellars, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1915)
    • 2011 – Annie Easley, American computer scientist and mathematician (b. 1933)
    • 2011 – Goff Richards, English composer and conductor (b. 1944)
    • 2011 – Margaret Tyzack, English actress (b. 1931)
    • 2012 – Shigemitsu Dandō, Japanese academic and jurist (b. 1913)
    • 2012 – Campbell Gillies, Scottish jockey (b. 1990)
    • 2012 – George Randolph Hearst, Jr., American businessman (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Lucella MacLean, American baseball player (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Edgar Ross, American boxer (b. 1949)
    • 2013 – George Burditt, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – Catherine Gibson, Scottish swimmer (b. 1931)
    • 2013 – Robert E. Gilka, American photographer and journalist (b. 1916)
    • 2013 – Harry Parker, American rower and coach (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – Mildred Ladner Thompson, American journalist (b. 1918)
    • 2013 – Green Wix Unthank, American soldier and judge (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Nigel Calder, English journalist, author, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Ana María Matute, Spanish author and academic (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Ivan Plyushch, Ukrainian agronomist and politician (b. 1941)
    • 2015 – Patrick Macnee, English actor (b. 1922)
    • 2015 – Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni, Egyptian-Armenian patriarch (b. 1940)
    • 2016 – Adam Small, South African writer of apartheid-period (b. 1936)
    • 2018 – Richard Benjamin Harrison, American businessman and reality television personality (b. 1941)
    • 2018 – David Goldblatt, South African photographer of apartheid-period (b. 1930)

    Holidays and observances on June 25

    • Arbor Day (Philippines)
    • Christian feast day:
      • David of Munktorp
      • Eurosia
      • Maximus (Massimo) of Turin
      • Philipp Melanchthon (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America)
      • Presentation of the Augsburg Confession (Lutheran)
      • Prosper of Aquitaine
      • Prosper of Reggio
      • William of Montevergine
      • June 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Mozambique from Portugal in 1975.
    • National Catfish Day (United States)
    • Statehood Day (Slovenia)
    • Statehood Day (Virginia)
    • Teacher’s Day (Guatemala)
    • World Vitiligo Day

  • June 12 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors.
    • 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of France, an inter-faith debate, known as the Disputation of Paris, starts between a Christian monk and four rabbis.
    • 1381 – Peasants’ Revolt: In England, rebels assemble at Blackheath, just outside London.
    • 1418 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Parisians slaughter Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac and his suspected sympathizers, along with all prisoners, foreign bankers, and students and faculty of the College of Navarre.
    • 1429 – Hundred Years’ War: On the second day of the Battle of Jargeau, Joan of Arc leads the French army in their capture of the city and the English commander, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk.
    • 1550 – The city of Helsinki, Finland (belonging to Sweden at the time) is founded by King Gustav I of Sweden.
    • 1653 – First Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of the Gabbard begins, lasting until the following day.
    • 1665 – Thomas Willett is appointed the first mayor of New York City.
    • 1758 – French and Indian War: Siege of Louisbourg: James Wolfe’s attack at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, commences
    • 1772 – French explorer Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne and 25 of his men killed by Māori in New Zealand.
    • 1775 – American Revolution: British general Thomas Gage declares martial law in Massachusetts. The British offer a pardon to all colonists who lay down their arms. There would be only two exceptions to the amnesty: Samuel Adams and John Hancock, if captured, were to be hanged.
    • 1776 – The Virginia Declaration of Rights is adopted.
    • 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Ballynahinch.
    • 1817 – The earliest form of bicycle, the dandy horse, is driven by Karl von Drais.
    • 1821 – Badi VII, king of Sennar, surrenders his throne and realm to Isma’il Pasha, general of the Ottoman Empire, ending the existence of that Sudanese kingdom.
    • 1830 – Beginning of the Invasion of Algiers: Thiry-four thousand French soldiers land 27 kilometers west of Algiers, at Sidi Ferruch.
    • 1864 – American Civil War, Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor: Ulysses S. Grant gives the Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee a victory when he pulls his Union troops from their position at Cold Harbor, Virginia and moves south.
    • 1898 – Philippine Declaration of Independence: General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines’ independence from Spain.
    • 1899 – New Richmond tornado: The eighth deadliest tornado in U.S. history kills 117 people and injures around 200.
    • 1914 – Massacre of Phocaea: Turkish irregulars slaughter 50 to 100 Greeks and expel thousands of others in an ethnic cleansing operation in the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1921 – Mikhail Tukhachevsky orders the use of chemical weapons against the Tambov Rebellion, bringing an end to the peasant uprising.
    • 1935 – A ceasefire is negotiated between Bolivia and Paraguay, ending the Chaco War.
    • 1939 – Shooting begins on Paramount Pictures’ Dr. Cyclops, the first horror film photographed in three-strip Technicolor.
    • 1939 – The Baseball Hall of Fame opens in Cooperstown, New York.
    • 1940 – World War II: Thirteen thousand British and French troops surrender to Major General Erwin Rommel at Saint-Valery-en-Caux.
    • 1942 – Anne Frank receives a diary for her thirteenth birthday.
    • 1943 – The Holocaust: Germany liquidates the Jewish Ghetto in Brzeżany, Poland (now Berezhany, Ukraine). Around 1,180 Jews are led to the city’s old Jewish graveyard and shot.
    • 1944 – World War II: Operation Overlord: American paratroopers of the 101st Airborne Division secure the town of Carentan, Normandy, France.
    • 1954 – Pope Pius XII canonises Dominic Savio, who was 14 years old at the time of his death, as a saint, making him at the time the youngest unmartyred saint in the Roman Catholic Church. In 2017, Francisco and Jacinta Marto, aged ten and nine at the time of their deaths, are declared saints.
    • 1963 – NAACP field secretary Medgar Evers is murdered in front of his home in Jackson, Mississippi by Ku Klux Klan member Byron De La Beckwith during the civil rights movement.
    • 1964 – Anti-apartheid activist and ANC leader Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison for sabotage in South Africa.
    • 1967 – The United States Supreme Court in Loving v. Virginia declares all U.S. state laws which prohibit interracial marriage to be unconstitutional.
    • 1975 – India, Judge Jagmohanlal Sinha of the city of Allahabad ruled that India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had used corrupt practices to win her seat in the Indian Parliament, and that she should be banned from holding any public office. Mrs. Gandhi sent word that she refused to resign.
    • 1979 – Bryan Allen wins the second Kremer prize for a man powered flight across the English Channel in the Gossamer Albatross.
    • 1987 – The Central African Republic’s former emperor Jean-Bédel Bokassa is sentenced to death for crimes he had committed during his 13-year rule.
    • 1987 – Cold War: At the Brandenburg Gate, U.S. President Ronald Reagan publicly challenges Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall.
    • 1988 – Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 46, a McDonnell Douglas MD-81, crashes short of the runway at Libertador General José de San Martín Airport, killing all 22 people on board.
    • 1990 – Russia Day: The parliament of the Russian Federation formally declares its sovereignty.
    • 1991 – Russians first democratically elected Boris Yeltsin as the President of Russia.
    • 1991 – Kokkadichcholai massacre: The Sri Lankan Army massacres 152 minority Tamil civilians in the village of Kokkadichcholai near the eastern province town of Batticaloa.
    • 1993 – An election takes place in Nigeria and is won by Moshood Kashimawo Olawale Abiola. Its results are later annulled by the military Government of Ibrahim Babangida.
    • 1994 – Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman are murdered outside Simpson’s home in Los Angeles. Her estranged husband, O.J. Simpson is later charged with the murders, but is acquitted by a jury.
    • 1997 – Queen Elizabeth II reopens the Globe Theatre in London.
    • 1999 – Kosovo War: Operation Joint Guardian begins when a NATO-led United Nations peacekeeping force (KFor) enters the province of Kosovo in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
    • 2009 – Analog television stations (excluding low-powered stations) switch to digital television following the DTV Delay Act.
    • 2009 – A disputed presidential election in Iran leads to wide-ranging local and international protests.
    • 2016 – Forty-nine civilians are killed and 58 others injured in an attack on a gay nightclub in Orlando, Florida; the gunman, Omar Mateen, is killed in a gunfight with police.
    • 2017 – American student Otto Warmbier returns home in a coma after spending 17 months in a North Korean prison and dies a week later.
    • 2018 – United States President Donald Trump and Kim Jong-un of North Korea held the first meeting between leaders of their two countries in Singapore.

    Births on June 12

    • 950 – Reizei, Japanese emperor (d. 1011)
    • 1107 – Gao Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1187)
    • 1161 – Constance, Duchess of Brittany (d. 1201)
    • 1519 – Cosimo I de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1574)
    • 1561 – Anna of Württemberg, German princess (d. 1616)
    • 1564 – John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (d. 1633)
    • 1573 – Robert Radclyffe, 5th Earl of Sussex, soldier (d. 1629)
    • 1577 – Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (d. 1643)
    • 1580 – Adriaen van Stalbemt, Flemish painter (d. 1662)
    • 1653 – Maria Amalia of Courland, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1711)
    • 1686 – Marie-Catherine Homassel Hecquet, French writer (d. 1764)
    • 1711 – Louis Legrand, French priest and theologian (d. 1780)
    • 1760 – Jean-Baptiste Louvet de Couvrai, French author, playwright, journalist, and politician (d. 1797)
    • 1771 – Patrick Gass, American sergeant (Lewis and Clark Expedition) and author (d. 1870)
    • 1775 – Karl Freiherr von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (d. 1851)
    • 1777 – Robert Clark, American physician and politician (d. 1837)
    • 1795 – John Marston, American sailor (d. 1885)
    • 1798 – Samuel Cooper, American general (d. 1876)
    • 1800 – Samuel Wright Mardis, American politician (d. 1836)
    • 1802 – Harriet Martineau, English sociologist and author (d. 1876)
    • 1806 – John A. Roebling, German-American engineer, designed the Brooklyn Bridge (d. 1869)
    • 1807 – Ante Kuzmanić, Croatian physician and journalist (d. 1879)
    • 1812 – Edmond Hébert, French geologist and academic (d. 1890)
    • 1819 – Charles Kingsley, English priest, historian, and author (d. 1875)
    • 1827 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss author, best known for Heidi (d. 1901)
    • 1831 – Robert Herbert, English-Australian politician, 1st Premier of Queensland (d. 1905)
    • 1841 – Watson Fothergill, English architect, designed the Woodborough Road Baptist Church (d. 1928)
    • 1843 – David Gill, Scottish-English astronomer and author (d. 1914)
    • 1851 – Oliver Lodge, English physicist and academic (d. 1940)
    • 1857 – Maurice Perrault, Canadian architect, engineer, and politician, 15th Mayor of Longueuil (d. 1909)
    • 1858 – Harry Johnston, English botanist and explorer (d. 1927)
    • 1858 – Henry Scott Tuke, English painter and photographer (d. 1929)
    • 1861 – William Attewell, English cricketer and umpire (d. 1927)
    • 1864 – Frank Chapman, American ornithologist, photographer, and author (d. 1945)
    • 1877 – Thomas C. Hart, American admiral and politician (d. 1971)
    • 1883 – Fernand Gonder, French pole vaulter (d. 1969)
    • 1883 – Robert Lowie, Austrian-American anthropologist and academic (d. 1957)
    • 1888 – Zygmunt Janiszewski, Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1920)
    • 1890 – Egon Schiele, Austrian soldier and painter (d. 1918)
    • 1892 – Djuna Barnes, American novelist, journalist, and playwright (d. 1982)
    • 1895 – Eugénie Brazier, French chef (d. 1977)
    • 1897 – Anthony Eden, English soldier and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1977)
    • 1899 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, German-American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
    • 1899 – Weegee, Ukrainian-American photographer and journalist (d. 1968)
    • 1902 – Hendrik Elias, Belgian lawyer and politician, Mayor of Ghent (d. 1973)
    • 1905 – Ray Barbuti, American sprinter and football player (d. 1988)
    • 1906 – Sandro Penna, Italian poet (d. 1977)
    • 1908 – Alphonse Ouimet, Canadian broadcaster (d. 1988)
    • 1908 – Marina Semyonova, Russian ballerina and educator (d. 2010)
    • 1908 – Otto Skorzeny, German SS officer (d. 1975)
    • 1910 – Bill Naughton, Irish-English playwright and author (d. 1992)
    • 1912 – Bill Cowley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1993)
    • 1912 – Carl Hovland, American psychologist and academic (d. 1961)
    • 1913 – Jean Victor Allard, Canadian general (d. 1996)
    • 1913 – Desmond Piers, Canadian admiral (d. 2005)
    • 1914 – William Lundigan, American actor (d. 1975)
    • 1914 – Go Seigen, Chinese-Japanese Go player (d. 2014)
    • 1915 – Priscilla Lane, American actress (d. 1995)
    • 1915 – Christopher Mayhew, English soldier and politician (d. 1997)
    • 1915 – David Rockefeller, American banker and businessman (d. 2017)
    • 1916 – Irwin Allen, American director and producer (d. 1991)
    • 1916 – Raúl Héctor Castro, Mexican-American politician and diplomat, 14th Governor of Arizona (d. 2015)
    • 1918 – Samuel Z. Arkoff, American film producer (d. 2001)
    • 1918 – Georgia Louise Harris Brown, American architect (d. 1999)
    • 1918 – Christie Jayaratnam Eliezer, Sri Lankan-Australian mathematician and academic (d. 2001)
    • 1919 – Uta Hagen, German-American actress and educator (d. 2004)
    • 1920 – Dave Berg, American soldier and cartoonist (d. 2002)
    • 1920 – Peter Jones, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2000)
    • 1921 – Luis García Berlanga, Spanish director and screenwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1921 – Christopher Derrick, English author, critic, and academic (d. 2007)
    • 1921 – James Archibald Houston, Canadian author and illustrator (d. 2005)
    • 1922 – Margherita Hack, Italian astrophysicist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – George H. W. Bush, American lieutenant and politician, 41st President of the United States (d. 2018)
    • 1924 – Grete Dollitz, German-American guitarist and radio host (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Vic Damone, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2018)
    • 1928 – Petros Molyviatis, Greek politician and diplomat, Greek Minister for Foreign Affairs
    • 1928 – Richard M. Sherman, American composer and director
    • 1929 – Brigid Brophy, English author and critic (d. 1995)
    • 1929 – Anne Frank, German-Dutch diarist; victim of the Holocaust (d. 1945)
    • 1929 – Jameel Jalibi, Pakistani linguist and academic
    • 1929 – John McCluskey, Baron McCluskey, Scottish lawyer, judge, and politician, Solicitor General for Scotland (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Jim Burke, Australian cricketer (d. 1979)
    • 1930 – Donald Byrne, American chess player (d. 1976)
    • 1930 – Innes Ireland, Scottish race car driver and engineer (d. 1993)
    • 1930 – Jim Nabors, American actor and singer (d. 2017)
    • 1931 – Trevanian, American author and scholar (d. 2005)
    • 1931 – Rona Jaffe, American novelist (d. 2005)
    • 1932 – Mimi Coertse, South African soprano and producer
    • 1932 – Mamo Wolde, Ethiopian runner (d. 2002)
    • 1933 – Eddie Adams, American photographer and journalist (d. 2004)
    • 1934 – John A. Alonzo, American actor and cinematographer (d. 2001)
    • 1934 – Kevin Billington, English director and producer
    • 1935 – Ian Craig, Australian cricketer (d. 2014)
    • 1935 – Paul Kennedy, English lawyer and judge
    • 1937 – Vladimir Arnold, Russian-French mathematician and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1937 – Klaus Basikow, German footballer and manager (d. 2015)
    • 1937 – Antal Festetics, Hungarian-Austrian biologist and zoologist
    • 1937 – Chips Moman, American record producer, guitarist, and songwriter (d. 2016)
    • 1938 – Jean-Marie Doré, Guinean lawyer and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Guinea (d. 2016)
    • 1938 – Tom Oliver, English-Australian actor
    • 1939 – Ron Lynch, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1939 – Frank McCloskey, American sergeant and politician (d. 2003)
    • 1940 – Jacques Brassard, Canadian educator and politician
    • 1941 – Marv Albert, American sportscaster
    • 1941 – Chick Corea, American pianist and composer
    • 1941 – Roy Harper, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1941 – Reg Presley, English singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1941 – Lucille Roybal-Allard, American politician
    • 1942 – Len Barry, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1942 – Bert Sakmann, German physiologist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1945 – Pat Jennings, Irish footballer and coach
    • 1946 – Michel Bergeron, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1946 – Bobby Gould, English footballer and manager
    • 1946 – Catherine Bréchignac, French physicist and academic
    • 1948 – Hans Binder, Austrian race car driver
    • 1948 – Herbert Meyer, German footballer
    • 1948 – Len Wein, American comic book writer and editor (d. 2017)
    • 1949 – Jens Böhrnsen, German judge and politician
    • 1949 – Marc Tardif, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1949 – John Wetton, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (d. 2017)
    • 1950 – Oğuz Abadan, Turkish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1950 – Michael Fabricant, English politician
    • 1950 – Sonia Manzano, American actress of Puerto Rican descent, noted for playing Maria on Sesame Street
    • 1950 – Bun E. Carlos, American drummer
    • 1951 – Brad Delp, American musician and singer (d. 2007)
    • 1951 – Andranik Margaryan, Armenian engineer and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Armenia (d. 2007)
    • 1952 – Spencer Abraham, American academic and politician, 10th United States Secretary of Energy
    • 1952 – Junior Brown, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1952 – Pete Farndon, English bass player and songwriter (d. 1983)
    • 1953 – Rocky Burnette, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1954 – Tim Razzall, Baron Razzall, English lawyer and politician
    • 1956 – Terry Alderman, Australian cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1957 – Timothy Busfield, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1957 – Javed Miandad, Pakistani cricketer and coach
    • 1958 – Meredith Brooks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1959 – John Linnell, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1959 – Scott Thompson, Canadian actor and comedian
    • 1960 – Joe Kopicki, American basketball player and coach
    • 1962 – Jordan Peterson, Canadian psychologist, professor and cultural critic
    • 1963 – Philippe Bugalski, French race car driver (d. 2012)
    • 1963 – Warwick Capper, Australian footballer, coach, and actor
    • 1963 – Tim DeKay, American actor
    • 1963 – Jerry Lynn, American wrestler
    • 1964 – Derek Higgins, Irish race car driver
    • 1964 – Kent Jones, American journalist
    • 1964 – Paula Marshall, American actress
    • 1964 – Peter Such, Scottish-born, English cricketer
    • 1965 – Adrian Toole, Australian rugby league player
    • 1965 – Gwen Torrence, American sprinter
    • 1965 – Cathy Tyson, English actress
    • 1966 – Marc Glanville, Australian rugby league player
    • 1966 – Tom Misteli, Swiss cell biologist
    • 1967 – Aivar Kuusmaa, Estonian basketball player and coach
    • 1967 – Frances O’Connor, English-Australian actress
    • 1968 – Scott Aldred, American baseball player and coach
    • 1968 – Htay Kywe, Burmese activist
    • 1968 – Bobby Sheehan, American bass player and songwriter (d. 1999)
    • 1969 – Zsolt Daczi, Hungarian guitarist (d. 2007)
    • 1969 – Héctor Garza, Mexican wrestler (d. 2013)
    • 1969 – Mathieu Schneider, American ice hockey player
    • 1969 – Heinz-Christian Strache, Austrian politician
    • 1971 – Mark Henry, American weightlifter and wrestler
    • 1971 – Ryan Klesko, American baseball player
    • 1971 – Jérôme Romain, Caribbean-Dominican triple jumper and coach
    • 1973 – Jason Caffey, American basketball player and coach
    • 1973 – Darryl White, Australian footballer
    • 1974 – Flávio Conceição, Brazilian footballer
    • 1974 – Hideki Matsui, Japanese baseball player
    • 1974 – Jason Mewes, American actor and producer
    • 1974 – Kerry Kittles, American basketball player
    • 1975 – Bryan Alvarez, American wrestler and journalist
    • 1975 – Stéphanie Szostak, French-American actress
    • 1976 – Antawn Jamison, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1976 – Ray Price, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1976 – Thomas Sørensen, Danish footballer
    • 1977 – Wade Redden, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Kenny Wayne Shepherd, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1978 – Lewis Moody, English rugby player
    • 1979 – Dallas Clark, American football player
    • 1979 – Martine Dugrenier, Canadian wrestler
    • 1979 – Diego Milito, Argentine footballer
    • 1979 – Robyn, Swedish singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer
    • 1979 – Earl Watson, American basketball player and coach
    • 1980 – Marco Bortolami, Italian rugby player
    • 1980 – Larry Foote, American football player
    • 1980 – Ifet Taljević, German footballer
    • 1981 – Raitis Grafs, Latvian basketball player
    • 1981 – Paul Hasleby, Australian footballer
    • 1981 – Adriana Lima, Brazilian model and actress
    • 1982 – Ben Blackwell, American drummer
    • 1982 – Diem Brown, German-American journalist and activist (d. 2014)
    • 1982 – Jason David, American football player
    • 1982 – Shailaja Pujari, Indian weightlifter
    • 1982 – James Tomlinson, English cricketer
    • 1983 – Bryan Habana, South African rugby player
    • 1983 – Alexander Pipa, German rugby player
    • 1983 – Christine Sinclair, Canadian soccer player
    • 1984 – James Kwalia, Kenyan-Qatari runner
    • 1984 – Bruno Soriano, Spanish footballer
    • 1985 – Blake Ross, American computer programmer, co-created Mozilla Firefox
    • 1985 – Sam Thaiday, Australian rugby league player
    • 1985 – Kendra Wilkinson, American model, actress, and author
    • 1985 – Chris Young, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1986 – Salim Mehajer, Australian politician
    • 1986 – Harry Taylor, Australian footballer
    • 1987 – Seyi Ajirotutu, American football player
    • 1987 – Antonio Barragán, Spanish footballer
    • 1988 – Artūrs Bērziņš, Latvian basketball player
    • 1988 – Eren Derdiyok, Swiss footballer
    • 1988 – Mauricio Isla, Chilean footballer
    • 1988 – Dave Melillo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1988 – Dakota Morton, Canadian actor and radio host
    • 1989 – Emma Eliasson, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1989 – Ibrahim Jeilan, Ethiopian runner
    • 1990 – Jrue Holiday, American basketball player
    • 1990 – Kevin López, Spanish runner
    • 1990 – David Worrall, English footballer
    • 1991 – Avisail García, Venezuelan baseball player
    • 1992 – Philippe Coutinho, Brazilian footballer

    Deaths on June 12

    • 796 – Hisham I, Muslim emir (b. 757)
    • 816 – Pope Leo III (b. 750)
    • 918 – Æthelflæd, Mercian daughter of Alfred the Great (b. 870)
    • 1020 – Lyfing, English archbishop (b. 999)
    • 1036 – Tedald, Italian bishop (b. 990)
    • 1144 – Al-Zamakhshari, Persian theologian (b. 1075)
    • 1152 – Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1114)
    • 1266 – Henry II, Prince of Anhalt-Aschersleben (b. 1215)
    • 1294 – John I of Brienne, Count of Eu
    • 1418 – Bernard VII, Count of Armagnac (b. 1360)
    • 1435 – John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel, English commander (b. 1408)
    • 1478 – Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua (b. 1412)
    • 1524 – Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, Spanish conquistador (b. 1465)
    • 1560 – Ii Naomori, Japanese warrior (b. 1506)
    • 1560 – Imagawa Yoshimoto, Japanese daimyō (b. 1519)
    • 1565 – Adrianus Turnebus, French philologist and scholar (b. 1512)
    • 1567 – Richard Rich, 1st Baron Rich, English politician, Lord Chancellor of England (b. 1490)
    • 1647 – Thomas Farnaby, English scholar and educator (b. 1575)
    • 1668 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge, English politician (b. 1599)
    • 1675 – Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1634)
    • 1734 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, French-English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (b. 1670)
    • 1758 – Prince Augustus William of Prussia (b. 1722)
    • 1772 – Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, French explorer (b. 1724)
    • 1778 – Philip Livingston, American merchant and politician (b. 1716)
    • 1816 – Pierre Augereau, French general (b. 1757)
    • 1818 – Egwale Seyon, Ethiopian emperor
    • 1841 – Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Greek composer, archaeologist, and philologist (b. 1786)
    • 1900 – Lucretia Peabody Hale, American journalist and author (b. 1820)
    • 1904 – Camille of Renesse-Breidbach (b. 1836)
    • 1912 – Frédéric Passy, French economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1822)
    • 1917 – Teresa Carreño, Venezuelan-American singer-songwriter, pianist, and conductor (b. 1853)
    • 1932 – Theo Heemskerk, Dutch lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1852)
    • 1937 – Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Russian general (b. 1893)
    • 1944 – Erich Marcks, German general (b. 1891)
    • 1946 – Médéric Martin, Canadian politician, mayor of Montreal (b. 1869)
    • 1952 – Harry Lawson, Australian politician, 27th Premier of Victoria (b. 1875)
    • 1957 – Jimmy Dorsey, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (The Dorsey Brothers and The California Ramblers) (b. 1904)
    • 1962 – John Ireland, English composer and educator (b. 1879)
    • 1963 – Medgar Evers, American soldier and activist (b. 1925)
    • 1966 – Hermann Scherchen, German viola player and conductor (b. 1891)
    • 1968 – Herbert Read, English poet and critic (b. 1893)
    • 1969 – Aleksandr Deyneka, Ukrainian-Russian painter and sculptor (b. 1899)
    • 1972 – Edmund Wilson, American critic, essayist, and editor (b. 1895)
    • 1972 – Dinanath Gopal Tendulkar, Indian writer and documentary filmmaker (b. 1909)
    • 1976 – Gopinath Kaviraj, Indian philosopher and scholar (b. 1887)
    • 1978 – Guo Moruo, Chinese historian, author, and poet (b. 1892)
    • 1978 – Georg Siimenson, Estonian footballer (b. 1912)
    • 1980 – Billy Butlin, South African-English businessman, founded the Butlins Company (b. 1899)
    • 1980 – Masayoshi Ōhira, Japanese politician, 68th Prime minister of Japan (b. 1910)
    • 1980 – Milburn Stone, American actor (b. 1904)
    • 1982 – Ian McKay, English sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1953)
    • 1982 – Karl von Frisch, Austrian-German ethologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886)
    • 1983 – Norma Shearer, Canadian-American actress (b. 1902)
    • 1989 – Bruce Hamilton, Australian public servant (b. 1911)
    • 1990 – Terence O’Neill, Baron O’Neill of the Maine, English captain and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Northern Ireland (b. 1914)
    • 1994 – Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Russian-French rabbi and author (b. 1902)
    • 1995 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Italian pianist (b. 1920)
    • 1995 – Pierre Russell, American basketball player (b. 1949)
    • 1997 – Bulat Okudzhava, Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1924)
    • 1998 – Leo Buscaglia, American author and educator (b. 1924)
    • 1998 – Theresa Merritt, American actress and singer (b. 1922)
    • 1999 – J. F. Powers, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1917)
    • 2000 – Purushottam Laxman Deshpande, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1919)
    • 2000 – Sandro Rosa do Nascimento, Brazilian criminal (b. 1978)
    • 2002 – Bill Blass, American fashion designer, founded Bill Blass Limited (b. 1922)
    • 2002 – Zena Sutherland, American reviewer of children’s literature (b. 1915)
    • 2003 – Gregory Peck, American actor and political activist (b. 1916)
    • 2005 – Scott Young, Canadian journalist and author (b. 1918)
    • 2006 – Nicky Barr, Australian rugby player and fighter pilot (b. 1915)
    • 2006 – György Ligeti, Romanian-Hungarian composer and educator (b. 1923)
    • 2006 – Kenneth Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and art collector (b. 1923)
    • 2008 – Miroslav Dvořák, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1951)
    • 2008 – Derek Tapscott, Welsh footballer and manager (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Al Williamson, American illustrator (b. 1931)
    • 2011 – René Audet, Canadian bishop (b. 1920)
    • 2011 – Carl Gardner, American singer (The Coasters) (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Hector Bianciotti, Argentinian-French journalist and author (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Henry Hill, American mobster (b. 1943)
    • 2012 – Margarete Mitscherlich-Nielsen, Danish-German psychoanalyst and author (b. 1917)
    • 2012 – Medin Zhega, Albanian footballer and manager (b. 1946)
    • 2012 – Elinor Ostrom, American political scientist and economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Pahiño, Spanish footballer (b. 1923)
    • 2012 – Frank Walker, Australian judge and politician, 41st Attorney General of New South Wales (b. 1942)
    • 2013 – Teresita Barajuen, Spanish nun (b. 1908)
    • 2013 – Jason Leffler, American race car driver (b. 1975)
    • 2013 – Joseph A. Unanue, American sergeant and businessman (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Nabil Hemani, Algerian footballer (b. 1979)
    • 2014 – Dan Jacobson, South African-English author and critic (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Frank Schirrmacher, German journalist (b. 1959)
    • 2015 – Fernando Brant, Brazilian journalist, poet, and composer (b. 1946)
    • 2015 – Frederick Pei Li, Chinese-American physician and academic (b. 1940)
    • 2015 – Patrick Lennox Tierney, American historian and academic (b. 1914)
    • 2016 – Omar Mateen, American mass murderer (b. 1986)
    • 2016 – George Voinovich, American politician (b. 1936)
    • 2016 – Janet Waldo, American actress and voice artist (b. 1920)

    Holidays and observances on June 12

    • Chaco Armistice Day (Paraguay)
    • Christian feast day:
      • 108 Martyrs of World War II
      • Basilides, Cyrinus, Nabor and Nazarius
      • Blessed Hildegard Burjan
      • Enmegahbowh (Episcopal Church)
      • Eskil
      • First Ecumenical Council (Lutheran)
      • Gaspar Bertoni
      • John of Sahagún
      • Onuphrius
      • Pope Leo III
      • Ternan
      • June 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Dia dos Namorados (Brazil)
    • Helsinki Day (Finland)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of the Philippines from Spain in 1898.
    • June 12 Commemoration (Lagos State)
    • Loving Day (United States)
    • Russia Day (Russia)
    • World Day Against Child Labour, and its related observances:
      • Children’s Day (Haiti)

  • June 10- History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock (clepsydra) called Rokoku. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
    • 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the river Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem.
    • 1329 – The Battle of Pelekanon results in a Byzantine defeat by the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1523 – Copenhagen is surrounded by the army of Frederick I of Denmark, as the city will not recognise him as the successor of Christian II of Denmark.
    • 1539 – Council of Trent: Pope Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the Council due to war and the difficulty bishops had traveling to Venice.
    • 1596 – Willem Barents and Jacob van Heemskerk discover Bear Island.
    • 1619 – Thirty Years’ War: Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt.
    • 1624 – Signing of the Treaty of Compiègne between France and the Netherlands.
    • 1692 – Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for “certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft and Sorceries”.
    • 1719 – Jacobite risings: Battle of Glen Shiel
    • 1782 – King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (Rama I) of Siam (modern day Thailand) is crowned.
    • 1786 – A landslide dam on the Dadu River created by an earthquake ten days earlier collapses, killing 100,000 in the Sichuan province of China.
    • 1793 – The Jardin des Plantes museum opens in Paris. A year later, it becomes the first public zoo.
    • 1793 – French Revolution: Following the arrests of Girondin leaders, the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
    • 1805 – First Barbary War: Yusuf Karamanli signs a treaty ending the hostilities between Tripolitania and the United States.
    • 1829 – The first Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place on the Thames in London.
    • 1838 – Myall Creek massacre: Twenty-eight Aboriginal Australians are murdered.
    • 1854 – The United States Naval Academy graduates its first class of students.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Big Bethel: Confederate troops under John B. Magruder defeat a much larger Union force led by General Ebenezer W. Pierce in Virginia.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Brice’s Crossroads: Confederate troops under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat a much larger Union force led by General Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.
    • 1868 – Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia is assassinated.
    • 1871 – Sinmiyangyo: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 US Marines in a naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island, Korea.
    • 1878 – League of Prizren is established, to oppose the decisions of the Congress of Berlin and the Treaty of San Stefano, as a consequence of which the Albanian lands in the Balkans were being partitioned and given to the neighbor states of Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece.
    • 1886 – Mount Tarawera in New Zealand erupts, killing 153 people and burying the famous Pink and White Terraces. Eruptions continue for three months creating a large, 17 km long fissure across the mountain peak.
    • 1898 – Spanish–American War: In the Battle of Guantánamo Bay, U.S. Marines begin the American invasion of Spanish-held Cuba.
    • 1916 – The Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire was declared by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.
    • 1918 – The Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent István sinks off the Croatian coast after being torpedoed by an Italian MAS motorboat; the event is recorded by camera from a nearby vessel.
    • 1924 – Fascists kidnap and kill Italian Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
    • 1935 – Dr. Robert Smith takes his last drink, and Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by him and Bill Wilson.
    • 1935 – Chaco War ends: A truce is called between Bolivia and Paraguay who had been fighting since 1932.
    • 1940 – World War II: The Kingdom of Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.
    • 1940 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy’s actions in his “Stab in the Back” speech at the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.
    • 1940 – World War II: Military resistance to the German occupation of Norway ends.
    • 1942 – World War II: The Lidice massacre is perpetrated as a reprisal for the assassination of Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich.
    • 1944 – World War II: Six hundred forty-two men, women and children massacred at Oradour-sur-Glane, France.
    • 1944 – World War II: In Distomo, Boeotia, Greece, 218 men, women and children are massacred by German troops.
    • 1944 – In baseball, 15-year-old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player ever in a major-league game.
    • 1945 – Australian Imperial Forces land in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.
    • 1947 – Saab produces its first automobile.
    • 1957 – John Diefenbaker leads the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada to a stunning upset in the 1957 Canadian federal election, ending 22 years of Liberal Party government.
    • 1963 – The Equal Pay Act of 1963, aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex, was signed into law by John F. Kennedy as part of his New Frontier Program.
    • 1964 – United States Senate breaks a 75-day filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, leading to the bill’s passage.
    • 1967 – The Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a cease-fire.
    • 1977 – James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee. He is recaptured three days later.
    • 1980 – The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight from their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.
    • 1982 – Lebanon War: The Syrian Arab Army defeats the Israeli Defense Forces in the Battle of Sultan Yacoub.
    • 1990 – British Airways Flight 5390 lands safely at Southampton Airport after a blowout in the cockpit causes the captain to be partially sucked from the cockpit. There are no fatalities.
    • 1991 – Eleven-year-old Jaycee Lee Dugard is kidnapped in South Lake Tahoe, California; she would remain a captive until 2009.
    • 1994 – China conducts a nuclear test for DF-31 warhead at Area C (Beishan), Lop Nur, its prominence being due to the Cox Report.
    • 1996 – Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without the participation of Sinn Féin.
    • 1997 – Before fleeing his northern stronghold, Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen’s family members.
    • 1999 – Kosovo War: NATO suspends its airstrikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.
    • 2001 – Pope John Paul II canonizes Lebanon’s first female saint, Saint Rafqa.
    • 2002 – The first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans is carried out by Kevin Warwick in the United Kingdom.
    • 2003 – The Spirit rover is launched, beginning NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover mission.
    • 2009 – James Wenneker von Brunn, who was 88-years-old, opened fire inside the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and fatally shot Museum Special Police Officer Stephen Tyrone Johns. Other security guards returned fire, wounding von Brunn, who was apprehended.
    • 2019 – An Agusta A109E Power crashed onto the AXA Equitable Center on Seventh Avenue in Manhattan, New York City, which sparked a fire on the top of the building. The pilot of the helicopter was killed.

    Births on June 10

    • 867 – Emperor Uda of Japan (d. 931)
    • 940 – Abu al-Wafa’ Buzjani, Persian mathematician and astronomer (d. 998)
    • 1213 – Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi, Persian poet and philosopher (d. 1289)
    • 1465 – Mercurino Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (d. 1530)
    • 1513 – Louis, Duke of Montpensier (1561–1582) (d. 1582)
    • 1557 – Leandro Bassano, Italian painter (d. 1622)
    • 1632 – Esprit Fléchier, French bishop and author (d. 1710)
    • 1688 – James Francis Edward Stuart, claimant to the English and Scottish throne (d. 1766)
    • 1713 – Princess Caroline of Great Britain (d. 1757)
    • 1716 – Carl Gustaf Ekeberg, Swedish physician and explorer (d. 1784)
    • 1753 – William Eustis, American physician and politician, 12th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1825)
    • 1804 – Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist and herpetologist (d. 1884)
    • 1819 – Gustave Courbet, French-Swiss painter and sculptor (d. 1877)
    • 1825 – Sondre Norheim, Norwegian-American skier (d. 1897)
    • 1832 – Edwin Arnold, English poet and journalist (d. 1904)
    • 1832 – Nicolaus Otto, German engineer (d. 1891)
    • 1832 – Stephen Mosher Wood, American lieutenant and politician (d. 1920)
    • 1835 – Rebecca Latimer Felton, American educator and politician (d. 1930)
    • 1839 – Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Danish lawyer and politician, 19th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1912)
    • 1840 – Theodor Philipsen, Danish painter (d. 1920)
    • 1843 – Heinrich von Herzogenberg, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1900)
    • 1854 – Sarah Grand, Irish feminist writer (d. 1943)
    • 1859 – Emanuel Nobel, Swedish-Russian businessman (d. 1932)
    • 1862 – Mrs. Leslie Carter, American actress (d. 1937)
    • 1863 – Louis Couperus, Dutch author and poet (d. 1923)
    • 1864 – Ninian Comper, Scottish architect (d. 1960)
    • 1865 – Frederick Cook, American physician and explorer (d. 1940)
    • 1880 – André Derain, French painter and sculptor (d. 1954)
    • 1882 – Nils Økland, Norwegian Esperantist and teacher (d. 1969)
    • 1884 – Leone Sextus Tollemache, English captain (d. 1917)
    • 1886 – Sessue Hayakawa, Japanese actor and producer (d. 1973)
    • 1891 – Al Dubin, Swiss-American songwriter (d. 1945)
    • 1895 – Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952)
    • 1897 – Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
    • 1898 – Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt (d. 1983)
    • 1899 – Stanisław Czaykowski, Polish race car driver (d. 1933)
    • 1901 – Frederick Loewe, Austrian-American composer (d. 1988)
    • 1904 – Lin Huiyin, Chinese architect and poet (d. 1955)
    • 1907 – Fairfield Porter, American painter and critic (d. 1975)
    • 1907 – Dicky Wells, American jazz trombonist (d. 1985)[n 1]
    • 1909 – Lang Hancock, Australian soldier and businessman (d. 1992)
    • 1910 – Frank Demaree, American baseball player and manager (d. 1958)
    • 1910 – Howlin’ Wolf, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976)
    • 1911 – Ralph Kirkpatrick, American harpsichord player and musicologist (d. 1984)
    • 1911 – Terence Rattigan, English playwright and screenwriter (d. 1977)
    • 1912 – Jean Lesage, Canadian lawyer and politician, 11th Premier of Quebec (d. 1980)
    • 1913 – Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian pianist and composer (d. 2007)
    • 1913 – Benjamin Shapira, German-Israeli biochemist and academic (d. 1993)
    • 1914 – Oktay Rıfat Horozcu, Turkish poet and playwright (d. 1988)
    • 1915 – Saul Bellow, Canadian-American novelist, essayist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
    • 1916 – Peride Celal, Turkish author (d. 2013)
    • 1916 – William Rosenberg, American entrepreneur, founded Dunkin’ Donuts (d. 2002)
    • 1918 – Patachou, French singer and actress (d. 2015)
    • 1918 – Barry Morse, English-Canadian actor and director (d. 2008)
    • 1919 – Haidar Abdel-Shafi, Palestinian physician and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1919 – Kevin O’Flanagan, Irish footballer, rugby player, and physician (d. 2006)
    • 1921 – Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
    • 1921 – Jean Robic, French cyclist (d. 1980)
    • 1922 – Judy Garland, American singer, actress, and vaudevillian (d. 1969)
    • 1922 – Bill Kerr, South African-Australian actor (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – Paul Brunelle, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1994)
    • 1923 – Robert Maxwell, Czech-English captain, publisher, and politician (d. 1991)
    • 1924 – Friedrich L. Bauer, German mathematician, computer scientist, and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1925 – Leo Gravelle, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Nat Hentoff, American historian, author, and journalist (d. 2017)
    • 1925 – James Salter, American novelist and short-story writer (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Bruno Bartoletti, Italian conductor (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Lionel Jeffries, English actor, screenwriter and film director (d. 2010)
    • 1927 – Claudio Gilberto Froehlich, Brazilian zoologist
    • 1927 – László Kubala, Hungarian footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2002)
    • 1927 – Lin Yang-kang, Chinese politician, 29th Vice Premier of the Republic of China (d. 2013)
    • 1927 – Johnny Orr, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1927 – Eugene Parker, American astrophysicist and academic
    • 1928 – Maurice Sendak, American author and illustrator (d. 2012)
    • 1929 – James McDivitt, American general, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1929 – Ian Sinclair, Australian farmer and politician, 42nd Australian Minister for Defence
    • 1929 – Thomas Taylor, Baron Taylor of Blackburn, British Labour Party politician (d. 2016)
    • 1929 – E. O. Wilson, American biologist, author, and academic
    • 1930 – Aranka Siegal, Czech-American author and Holocaust survivor
    • 1930 – Carmen Cozza, American baseball and football player (d. 2018)
    • 1930 – Chen Xitong, Chinese politician, 8th Mayor of Beijing (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Bryan Cartledge, English academic and diplomat, British Ambassador to Russia
    • 1931 – João Gilberto, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2019)
    • 1932 – Pierre Cartier, French mathematician and academic
    • 1933 – Chuck Fairbanks, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1934 – Peter Gibson, English lawyer and judge
    • 1934 – Tom Pendry, Baron Pendry, English politician
    • 1935 – Vic Elford, English race car driver
    • 1935 – Lu Jiaxi, Chinese self-taught mathematician (d. 1983)
    • 1935 – Yoshihiro Tatsumi, Japanese author and illustrator (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Rahul Bajaj, Indian businessman and politician
    • 1938 – Violetta Villas, Belgian-Polish singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2011)
    • 1938 – Vasanti N. Bhat-Nayak, Indian mathematician and academic (d. 2009)
    • 1940 – Augie Auer, American-New Zealand meteorologist (d. 2007)
    • 1940 – John Stevens, English drummer (d. 1994)
    • 1941 – Mickey Jones, American drummer (d. 2018)
    • 1941 – Shirley Owens, American singer
    • 1941 – Jürgen Prochnow, German actor
    • 1941 – David Walker, Australian race car driver
    • 1942 – Gordon Burns, Northern Irish journalist
    • 1942 – Chantal Goya, French singer and actress
    • 1942 – Arthur Hamilton, Lord Hamilton, Scottish lawyer and judge
    • 1942 – Preston Manning, Canadian politician
    • 1943 – Simon Jenkins, English journalist and author
    • 1944 – Ze’ev Friedman, Polish-Israeli weightlifter (d. 1972)
    • 1944 – Rick Price, English rock bass player
    • 1947 – Michel Bastarache, Canadian businessman, lawyer, and jurist
    • 1947 – Ken Singleton, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1947 – Robert Wright, English air marshal
    • 1950 – Elías Sosa, Dominican-American baseball player
    • 1951 – Dan Fouts, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1951 – Tony Mundine, Australian boxer
    • 1951 – Burglinde Pollak, German pentathlete
    • 1952 – Kage Baker, American author (d. 2010)
    • 1953 – Eileen Cooper, English painter and academic
    • 1953 – John Edwards, American lawyer and politician
    • 1953 – Garry Hynes, Irish director and producer
    • 1953 – Christine St-Pierre, Canadian journalist and politician
    • 1954 – Moya Greene, Canadian businesswoman
    • 1954 – Rich Hall, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1955 – Annette Schavan, German theologian and politician
    • 1955 – Andrew Stevens, American actor and producer
    • 1958 – Yu Suzuki, Japanese game designer and producer
    • 1959 – Carlo Ancelotti, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1959 – Ernie C, American heavy metal guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1959 – Eliot Spitzer, American lawyer and politician, 54th Governor of New York
    • 1960 – Nandamuri Balakrishna, Indian film actor and politician
    • 1961 – Kim Deal, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1961 – Maxi Priest, English singer-songwriter
    • 1962 – Gina Gershon, American actress, singer and author
    • 1962 – Anderson Bigode Herzer, Brazilian poet and author (d. 1982)
    • 1962 – Wong Ka Kui, Hong Kong singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1993)
    • 1962 – Tzi Ma, Hong Kong American character actor
    • 1962 – Brent Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1963 – Brad Henry, American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Oklahoma
    • 1963 – Jeanne Tripplehorn, American actress
    • 1965 – Susanne Albers, German computer scientist and academic
    • 1965 – Elizabeth Hurley, English model, actress, and producer
    • 1965 – Joey Santiago, American alternative rock musician
    • 1966 – David Platt, English footballer and manager
    • 1967 – Emma Anderson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1967 – Darren Robinson, American rapper (d. 1995)
    • 1968 – Bill Burr, American comedian and actor
    • 1968 – Derek Dooley, American football player and coach
    • 1969 – Craig Hancock, Australian rugby league player
    • 1969 – Ronny Johnsen, Norwegian footballer
    • 1969 – Kate Snow, American journalist
    • 1970 – Mike Doughty, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1970 – Katsuhiro Harada, Japanese game designer, director, and producer
    • 1970 – Alex Santos, Filipino journalist
    • 1970 – Shane Whereat, Australian rugby league player
    • 1970 – Sarah Wixey, Welsh sport shooter
    • 1971 – JoJo Hailey, American singer
    • 1971 – Bobby Jindal, American journalist and politician, 55th Governor of Louisiana
    • 1971 – Bruno N’Gotty, French footballer
    • 1971 – Erik Rutan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1972 – Steven Fischer, American director and producer
    • 1972 – Radmila Šekerinska, Macedonian politician, Prime Minister of the Republic of Macedonia
    • 1972 – Eric Upashantha, Sri Lankan cricketer
    • 1973 – Faith Evans, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
    • 1973 – Flesh-n-Bone, American rapper and actor
    • 1973 – Pokey Reese, American baseball player
    • 1975 – Henrik Pedersen, Danish footballer
    • 1976 – Alari Lell, Estonian footballer
    • 1976 – Esther Ouwehand, Dutch politician
    • 1976 – Stefan Postma, Dutch footballer and coach
    • 1976 – Hadi Saei, Iranian martial artist
    • 1977 – Adam Darski, Polish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1977 – Mike Rosenthal, American football player and coach
    • 1978 – Raheem Brock, American football player
    • 1979 – Evgeni Borounov, Russian ice dancer and coach
    • 1979 – Kostas Louboutis, Greek footballer
    • 1980 – Matuzalém, Brazilian footballer
    • 1980 – Ovie Mughelli, American football player
    • 1980 – Dmitri Uchaykin, Russian ice hockey player (d. 2013)
    • 1980 – Daniele Seccarecci, Italian bodybuilder (d. 2013)
    • 1980 – James Walsh, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and pianist
    • 1981 – Mat Jackson, English race car driver
    • 1981 – Albie Morkel, South African cricketer
    • 1981 – Andrey Yepishin, Russian sprinter
    • 1982 – Tara Lipinski, American figure skater
    • 1982 – Princess Madeleine, Duchess of Hälsingland and Gästrikland
    • 1982 – Ana Lúcia Souza, Brazilian ballerina and journalist
    • 1983 – Jade Bailey, Barbadian athlete
    • 1983 – Marion Barber III, American football player
    • 1983 – Aaron Davey, Australian footballer
    • 1983 – Leelee Sobieski, American actress and producer
    • 1983 – Steve von Bergen, Swiss footballer
    • 1984 – Johanna Kedzierski, German sprinter
    • 1984 – Dirk Van Tichelt, Belgian martial artist
    • 1985 – Richard Chambers, Irish rower
    • 1985 – Kaia Kanepi, Estonian tennis player
    • 1985 – Kristina Lundberg, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Dane Nielsen, Australian rugby league player
    • 1985 – Andy Schleck, Luxembourger cyclist
    • 1985 – Vasilis Torosidis, Greek footballer
    • 1985 – Kreesha Turner, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1986 – Al Alburquerque, Dominican baseball player
    • 1986 – Marco Andreolli, Italian footballer
    • 1987 – Martin Harnik, German-Austrian footballer
    • 1987 – Amobi Okoye, Nigerian-American football player
    • 1988 – Jeff Teague, American basketball player
    • 1989 – DeAndre Kane, American basketball player
    • 1989 – David Miller, South African cricketer
    • 1989 – Mustapha Carayol, Gambian footballer
    • 1989 – Alexandra Stan, Romanian singer-songwriter, dancer, and model
    • 1991 – Alexa Scimeca Knierim, American figure skater
    • 1992 – Kate Upton, American model and actress

    Deaths on June 10

    • 323 BC – Alexander the Great, Macedonian king (b. 356 BC)
    • AD 38 – Julia Drusilla, Roman sister of Caligula (b. 16 AD)
    • 223 – Liu Bei, Chinese emperor (b. 161)
    • 779 – Emperor Daizong of Tang (b. 727)
    • 754 – Abul Abbas al-Saffah, Muslim caliph (b. 721)
    • 871 – Odo I, Frankish nobleman
    • 903 – Cheng Rui, Chinese warlord
    • 932 – Dong Zhang, Chinese general
    • 942 – Liu Yan, emperor of Southern Han (b. 889)
    • 1075 – Ernest, Margrave of Austria (b. 1027)
    • 1141 – Richenza of Northeim (b. 1087)
    • 1190 – Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1122)
    • 1261 – Matilda of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1210)
    • 1338 – Kitabatake Akiie, Japanese governor (b. 1318)
    • 1364 – Agnes of Austria (b. 1281)
    • 1424 – Ernest, Duke of Austria (b. 1377)
    • 1437 – Joan of Navarre, Queen of England (b. 1370)
    • 1468 – Idris Imad al-Din, supreme leader of Tayyibi Isma’ilism, scholar and historian (b. 1392)
    • 1552 – Alexander Barclay, English poet and author (b. 1476)
    • 1556 – Martin Agricola, German composer and theorist (b. 1486)
    • 1580 – Luís de Camões, Portuguese poet (b. 1524–25)
    • 1604 – Isabella Andreini, Italian actress (b. 1562)
    • 1607 – John Popham, English politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (b. 1531)
    • 1654 – Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (b. 1598)
    • 1680 – Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish lawyer and politician (b. 1635)
    • 1692 – Bridget Bishop, Colonial Massachusetts woman hanged as a witch during the Salem witch trials (b. 1632)
    • 1735 – Thomas Hearne, English historian and author (b. 1678)
    • 1753 – Joachim Ludwig Schultheiss von Unfriedt, German architect (b. 1678)
    • 1776 – Hsinbyushin, Burmese king (b. 1736)
    • 1776 – Leopold Widhalm, Austrian instrument maker (b. 1722)
    • 1791 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (b. 1720)
    • 1799 – Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Caribbean-French violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1745)
    • 1811 – Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1728)
    • 1831 – Hans Karl von Diebitsch, German-Russian field marshal (b. 1785)
    • 1836 – André-Marie Ampère, French physicist and mathematician (b. 1775)
    • 1849 – Thomas Robert Bugeaud, French general and politician (b. 1784)
    • 1849 – Robert Brown, Scottish botanist (b. 1773)
    • 1868 – Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia (b. 1823)
    • 1899 – Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)
    • 1901 – Robert Williams Buchanan, Scottish poet, author, and playwright (b. 1841)
    • 1902 – Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan priest and poet (b. 1845)
    • 1906 – Richard Seddon, English-New Zealand politician, 15th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1845)
    • 1909 – Edward Everett Hale, American minister, historian, and author (b. 1822)
    • 1914 – Ödön Lechner, Hungarian architect (b. 1845)
    • 1918 – Arrigo Boito, Italian author, poet, and composer (b. 1842)
    • 1923 – Pierre Loti, French soldier and author (b. 1850)
    • 1924 – Giacomo Matteotti, Italian lawyer and politician (b. 1885)
    • 1926 – Antoni Gaudí, Spanish architect, designed the Park Güell (b. 1852)
    • 1930 – Adolf von Harnack, German historian and theologian (b. 1851)
    • 1934 – Frederick Delius, English composer and educator (b. 1862)
    • 1936 – John Bowser, English-Australian politician, 26th Premier of Victoria (b. 1856)
    • 1937 – Robert Borden, Canadian lawyer and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
    • 1939 – Albert Ogilvie, Australian politician, 28th Premier of Tasmania (b. 1890)
    • 1940 – Marcus Garvey, Jamaican journalist and activist, founded the Black Star Line (b. 1887)
    • 1944 – Willem Jacob van Stockum, Dutch mathematician and academic (b. 1910)
    • 1946 – Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878)
    • 1947 – Alexander Bethune, Canadian businessman and politician, 12th Mayor of Vancouver (b. 1852)
    • 1949 – Sigrid Undset, Danish-Norwegian novelist, essayist, and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)
    • 1955 – Margaret Abbott, Indian-American golfer (b. 1876)
    • 1958 – Angelina Weld Grimké, American journalist, poet, and playwright (b. 1880)
    • 1959 – Zoltán Meskó, Hungarian politician (b. 1883)
    • 1963 – Timothy Birdsall, English cartoonist (b. 1936)
    • 1965 – Vahap Özaltay, Turkish footballer and manager (b. 1908)
    • 1967 – Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900)
    • 1971 – Michael Rennie, English actor (b. 1909)
    • 1973 – William Inge, American playwright and novelist (b. 1913)
    • 1974 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900)
    • 1976 – Adolph Zukor, American film producer, co-founded Paramount Pictures (b. 1873)
    • 1982 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1945)
    • 1984 – Halide Nusret Zorlutuna, Turkish author and poet (b. 1901)
    • 1986 – Merle Miller, American author and playwright (b. 1919)
    • 1987 – Elizabeth Hartman, American actress (b. 1943)
    • 1988 – Louis L’Amour, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1908)
    • 1991 – Jean Bruller, French author and illustrator, co-founded Les Éditions de Minuit (b. 1902)
    • 1992 – Hachidai Nakamura, Chinese-Japanese pianist and composer (b. 1931)
    • 1993 – Les Dawson, English comedian, actor, writer and presenter (b. 1931)
    • 1996 – George Hees, Canadian soldier, football player, and politician (b. 1910)
    • 1996 – Jo Van Fleet, American actress (b. 1915)
    • 1998 – Jim Hearn, American baseball player (b. 1921)
    • 1998 – Hammond Innes, English soldier and author (b. 1914)
    • 2000 – Hafez al-Assad, Syrian general and politician, 18th President of Syria (b. 1930)
    • 2000 – Brian Statham, English cricketer (b. 1930)
    • 2001 – Leila Pahlavi, Princess of Iran (b. 1970)
    • 2002 – John Gotti, American mobster (b. 1940)
    • 2003 – Donald Regan, American colonel and politician, 11th White House Chief of Staff (b. 1918)
    • 2003 – Bernard Williams, English philosopher and academic (b. 1929)
    • 2003 – Phil Williams, Welsh academic and politician (b. 1939)
    • 2004 – Ray Charles, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (b. 1930)
    • 2004 – Odette Laure, French actress and singer (b. 1917)
    • 2004 – Xenophon Zolotas, Greek economist and politician, 177th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1904)
    • 2005 – Curtis Pitts, American aircraft designer, designed the Pitts Special (b. 1915)
    • 2007 – Augie Auer, American-New Zealand meteorologist (b. 1940)
    • 2008 – Chinghiz Aitmatov, Kyrgyzstani author and diplomat (b. 1928)
    • 2009 – Stelios Skevofilakas, Greek footballer (b. 1940)
    • 2010 – Basil Schott, American archbishop (b. 1939)
    • 2010 – Sigmar Polke, German painter and photographer (b. 1941)
    • 2011 – Brian Lenihan Jnr, Irish lawyer and politician, 25th Irish Minister for Finance (b. 1959)
    • 2012 – Piero Bellugi, Italian conductor (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Warner Fusselle, American sportscaster (b. 1944)
    • 2012 – Will Hoebee, Dutch songwriter and producer (b. 1947)
    • 2012 – Georges Mathieu, French painter and academic (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Joshua Orwa Ojode, Kenyan politician (b. 1958)
    • 2012 – George Saitoti, Kenyan economist and politician, 6th Vice-President of Kenya (b. 1945)
    • 2012 – Sudono Salim, Chinese-Indonesian businessman, founded Bank Central Asia (b. 1916)
    • 2012 – Gordon West, English footballer (b. 1943)
    • 2013 – Doug Bailey, American political consultant (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Enrique Orizaola, Spanish footballer and coach (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Barbara Vucanovich, American lawyer and politician (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – Marcello Alencar, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 57th Governor of Rio de Janeiro (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Gary Gilmour, Australian cricketer and manager (b. 1951)
    • 2014 – Robert M. Grant, American theologian and academic (b. 1917)
    • 2014 – Jack Lee, American radio host and politician (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Robert Chartoff, American film producer and philanthropist (b. 1933)
    • 2015 – Wolfgang Jeschke, German author and publisher (b. 1936)
    • 2016 – Christina Grimmie, American singer-songwriter (b. 1994)
    • 2016 – Gordie Howe, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1928)
    • 2017 – Julia Perez, Indonesian singer and actress (b. 1980)
    • 2018 – Neal E. Boyd, American singer, winner of the 2008 season of America’s Got Talent (b. 1975)
    • 2020 – Claudell Washington, American baseball player (b. 1954)

    Holidays and observances on June 10

    • Abolition Day (French Guiana)
    • Army Day (Jordan)
    • World Art Nouveau Day (Worldwide)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Bardo
      • Getulius, Amancius and Cerealus
      • Guardian Angel of Portugal
      • John of Tobolsk (Russian Orthodox Church)
      • Landry of Paris
      • Maurinus of Cologne
      • Maximus of Aveia (or of Aquila)
      • Maximus of Naples
      • Olivia
      • June 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Navy Day (Italy)
    • Portugal Day, also Day of Camões (Portugal and the Portuguese communities)
    • Reconciliation Day (Republic of the Congo)

  • June 6- History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 913 – The 8-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, Constantine VII, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire, under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed by Constantine’s uncle Alexander III on his deathbed.
    • 1513 – Italian Wars: Battle of Novara. Swiss troops defeat the French under Louis II de la Trémoille, forcing the French to abandon Milan. Duke Massimiliano Sforza is restored.
    • 1523 – Gustav Vasa, the Swedish regent, is elected King of Sweden, marking a symbolic end to the Kalmar Union. This is the Swedish national day.
    • 1586 – Francis Drake’s forces raid St. Augustine in Spanish Florida.
    • 1674 – Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire, is crowned.
    • 1749 – The Conspiracy of the Slaves in Malta is discovered.
    • 1762 – Seven Years’ War: British forces begin a siege of Havana, Cuba, and temporarily capture the city in the Battle of Havana.
    • 1808 – Napoleon’s brother, Joseph Bonaparte, is crowned King of Spain.
    • 1809 – Sweden promulgates a new Constitution, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates after 20 years of enlightened absolutism. At the same time, Charles XIII is elected to succeed Gustav IV Adolf as King of Sweden.
    • 1813 – War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek: A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force twice its size under William Winder and John Chandler.
    • 1822 – Alexis St. Martin is accidentally shot in the stomach, leading to William Beaumont’s studies on digestion.
    • 1832 – The June Rebellion in Paris is put down by the National Guard.
    • 1844 – The Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in London.
    • 1844 – The Glaciarium, the world’s first mechanically frozen ice rink, opens.
    • 1857 – Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden–Norway.
    • 1859 – Australia: Queensland is established as a separate colony from New South Wales (Queensland Day).
    • 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Memphis: Union forces capture Memphis, Tennessee, from the Confederates.
    • 1882 – The Shewan forces of Menelik II of Ethiopia defeat the Gojjame army in the Battle of Embabo. The Shewans capture Negus Tekle Haymanot of Gojjam, and their victory leads to a Shewan hegemony over the territories south of the Abay River.
    • 1889 – The Great Seattle Fire destroys all of downtown Seattle.
    • 1892 – The Chicago “L” elevated rail system begins operation.
    • 1894 – Governor Davis H. Waite orders the Colorado state militia to protect and support the miners engaged in the Cripple Creek miners’ strike.
    • 1909 – French troops capture Abéché (in modern-day Chad) and install a puppet sultan in the Ouaddai Empire.
    • 1912 – The eruption of Novarupta in Alaska begins. It is the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century.
    • 1916 – The death of Yuan Shikai marks the beginning of China’s Warlord Era.
    • 1918 – World War I: Battle of Belleau Wood: The U.S. Marine Corps suffers its worst single day’s casualties while attempting to recapture the wood at Château-Thierry.
    • 1919 – After eight days of existence, the Republic of Prekmurje is conquered by the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
    • 1921 – Southwark Bridge in London is opened to traffic by King George V and Queen Mary.
    • 1932 – The Revenue Act of 1932 is enacted, creating the first gas tax in the United States, at a rate of 1 cent per US gallon (​1⁄4¢/L) sold.
    • 1933 – The first drive-in theater opens in Camden, New Jersey, United States.
    • 1934 – New Deal: The U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 into law, establishing the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
    • 1939 – Judge Joseph Force Crater, known as the “Missingest Man in New York”, is declared legally dead.
    • 1942 – World War II: Battle of Midway. U.S. Navy dive bombers sink the Japanese cruiser Mikuma and four Japanese carriers.
    • 1944 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Normandy—codenamed Operation Overlord—begins with the execution of Operation Neptune (commonly referred to as D-Day), the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.
    • 1946 – The Basketball Association of America is founded in New York City; the BAA was the precursor to the modern National Basketball Association.
    • 1954 – The grand opening of the sculpture of Yuriy Dolgorukiy took place in Moscow. This statue is one of the main monuments of Moscow.
    • 1964 – Under a temporary order, the rocket launches at Cuxhaven, Germany are terminated. They never resume.
    • 1971 – Soyuz program: Soyuz 11 is launched.
    • 1971 – A midair collision between a Hughes Airwest Douglas DC-9 jetliner and a United States Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II jet fighter near Duarte, California, claims 50 lives.
    • 1971 – Vietnam War: The Battle of Long Khanh between Australian and Vietnamese communist forces begins.
    • 1974 – A new Instrument of Government is promulgated making Sweden a parliamentary monarchy.
    • 1981 – Bihar train disaster: A passenger train travelling between Mansi and Saharsa, India, jumps the tracks at a bridge crossing the Bagmati River. The government places the official death toll at 268 plus another 300 missing; however, it is generally believed that the death toll is closer to 1,000.
    • 1982 – The Lebanon War begins. Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon during Operation Peace for the Galilee, eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.
    • 1985 – The grave of “Wolfgang Gerhard” is opened in Embu, Brazil; the exhumed remains are later proven to be those of Josef Mengele, Auschwitz’s “Angel of Death”; Mengele is thought to have drowned while swimming in February 1979.
    • 1993 – Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat wins the first presidential election in Mongolia.
    • 1994 – China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303 crashes near Xi’an, China, killing all 160 people on board.
    • 2002 – Eastern Mediterranean event. A near-Earth asteroid estimated at ten meters in diameter explodes over the Mediterranean Sea between Greece and Libya. The explosion is estimated to have a force of 26 kilotons, slightly more powerful than the Nagasaki atomic bomb.
    • 2004 – Tamil is established as a “classical language” by the President of India, Dr A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, in a joint sitting of the two houses of the Indian Parliament.
    • 2005 – In Gonzales v. Raich, the United States Supreme Court upholds a federal law banning cannabis, including medical marijuana.

    Births on June 6

    pre-19th century

    • 1236 – Wen Tianxiang, Chinese general and scholar (d. 1283)
    • 1243 – Alix of Brittany, Dame de Pontarcy, Breton noble (d. 1288)
    • 1296 – Władysław of Legnica (d. 1352)
    • 1436 – Regiomontanus, German mathematician, astronomer, and bishop (d. 1476)
    • 1519 – Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (d. 1603)
    • 1539 – Catherine Vasa, Regent of East Frisia (d. 1610)
    • 1553 – Bernardino Baldi, Italian mathematician and author (d. 1617)
    • 1556 – Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, English politician and diplomat (d. 1625)
    • 1580 – Godefroy Wendelin, Belgian astronomer and author (d. 1667)
    • 1584 – Yuan Chonghuan, politician, military general and writer (d. 1630)
    • 1599 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter and educator (d. 1660)
    • 1606 – Pierre Corneille, French playwright and producer (d. 1684)
    • 1622 – Claude-Jean Allouez, French-American missionary and explorer (d. 1689)
    • 1646 – Hortense Mancini, favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (d. 1699)
    • 1661 – Giacomo Antonio Perti, Italian composer and educator (d. 1756)
    • 1699 – Johann Georg Estor, German historian and theorist (d. 1773)
    • 1714 – Joseph I of Portugal (d. 1777)
    • 1735 – Anton Schweitzer, German composer (d. 1787)
    • 1755 – Nathan Hale, American soldier (d. 1776)
    • 1756 – John Trumbull, American soldier and painter (d. 1843)
    • 1772 – Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (d. 1807)
    • 1799 – Alexander Pushkin, Russian author and poet (d. 1837)

    19th century

    • 1807 – Thiệu Trị, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1847)
    • 1810 – Friedrich Wilhelm Schneidewin, German philologist and scholar (d. 1856)
    • 1829 – Honinbo Shusaku, Japanese Go player (d. 1862)
    • 1841 – Eliza Orzeszkowa, Polish author and publisher (d. 1910)
    • 1844 – Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter and academic (d. 1905)
    • 1850 – Karl Ferdinand Braun, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918)
    • 1857 – Aleksandr Lyapunov, Russian mathematician and physicist (d. 1918)
    • 1862 – Henry Newbolt, English historian, author, and poet (d. 1938)
    • 1867 – David T. Abercrombie, American surveyor and businessman, founded Abercrombie & Fitch (d. 1931)
    • 1868 – Robert Falcon Scott, English sailor and explorer (d. 1912)
    • 1872 – Alix of Hesse, German princess and Russian empress (d.1918)
    • 1875 – Thomas Mann, German author and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
    • 1878 – Vincent de Moro-Giafferi, French lawyer and politician (d. 1956)
    • 1884 – Jock Hutchison, Scottish-American golfer (d. 1977)
    • 1890 – Ted Lewis, American singer, clarinet player, and bandleader (d. 1971)
    • 1891 – Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, Indian author and academic (d. 1986)
    • 1891 – Erich Marcks, German general (d. 1944)
    • 1896 – Henry Allingham, English World War I soldier and supercentenarian (d. 2009).
    • 1896 – Italo Balbo, Italian air marshal and politician (d. 1940)
    • 1898 – Walter Abel, American actor (d. 1987)
    • 1898 – Jacobus Johannes Fouché, South African politician, 2nd State President of South Africa (d. 1980)
    • 1898 – Ninette de Valois, English ballerina, choreographer, and director (d. 2001)
    • 1900 – Manfred Sakel, Ukrainian-American psychiatrist and physician (d. 1957)

    1901–1930

    • 1901 – Jan Struther, English author and hymnwriter (d. 1953)
    • 1901 – Sukarno, Indonesian engineer and politician, 1st President of Indonesia (d. 1970)
    • 1902 – Jimmie Lunceford, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 1947)
    • 1903 – Aram Khachaturian, Armenian composer and conductor (d. 1978)
    • 1903 – Bakht Singh, Indian evangelist, well-known bible teacher and preacher (d. 2000)
    • 1906 – Max August Zorn, German mathematician and academic (d. 1993)
    • 1907 – Bill Dickey, American baseball player and manager (d. 1993)
    • 1907 – Robin Humphreys, British scholar of Latin America (d. 1999)
    • 1908 – Giovanni Bracco, Italian race car driver (d. 1968)
    • 1909 – Isaiah Berlin, Latvian-English historian and philosopher (d. 1997)
    • 1913 – Carlo L. Golino, Italian-American author, critic, and academic (d. 1991)
    • 1915 – Vincent Persichetti, American pianist and composer (d. 1987)
    • 1916 – Hamani Diori, Nigerien academic and politician, 1st President of Niger (d. 1989)
    • 1917 – Kirk Kerkorian, American businessman, founded the Tracinda Corporation (d. 2015)
    • 1918 – Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
    • 1919 – Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, English army officer and politician, 6th Secretary General of NATO (d. 2018)
    • 1923 – V. C. Andrews, American author, illustrator, and painter (d. 1986)
    • 1923 – Jean Pouliot, Canadian broadcaster (d. 2004)
    • 1925 – Maxine Kumin, American poet and author (d. 2014)
    • 1925 – Frank Chee Willeto, American soldier and politician, 4th Vice President of the Navajo Nation (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Torsten Andersson, Swedish painter and illustrator (d. 2009)
    • 1926 – Erdal İnönü, Turkish physicist and politician, Prime Minister of Turkey (d. 2007)
    • 1926 – Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (d. 1998)
    • 1929 – Sunil Dutt, Indian actor, director, producer, and politician (d. 2005)
    • 1930 – Frank Tyson, English-Australian cricketer, coach and journalist (d. 2015)

    1931–1945

    Tommie Smith, born 6 June 1944, at the 1968 Olympic medal ceremony where he and John Carlos (behind) protested against racism.

    • 1932 – David Scott, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut
    • 1932 – Billie Whitelaw, English actress (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Eli Broad, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded KB Home
    • 1933 – Heinrich Rohrer, Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
    • 1934 – Albert II of Belgium
    • 1935 – Jon Henricks, Australian swimmer; winner of two Olympic gold medals in 1956.
    • 1936 – Mompati Merafhe, Botswana general and politician, Vice-President of Botswana (d. 2015)
    • 1936 – D. Ramanaidu, Indian actor, director, and producer, founded Suresh Productions (d. 2015)
    • 1936 – Levi Stubbs, American singer (d. 2008)
    • 1938 – Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza
    • 1938 – Ryuchi Matsuda, Japanese martial artist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1939 – Louis Andriessen, Dutch pianist and composer
    • 1939 – Gary U.S. Bonds, American singer-songwriter
    • 1939 – Eddie Giacomin, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1940 – Kumar Bhattacharyya, Baron Bhattacharyya, Indian-English engineer and academic (d. 2019)
    • 1940 – Willie John McBride, Northern Irish rugby player, coach, and manager
    • 1941 – Alexander Cockburn, Scottish-American journalist and author (d. 2012)
    • 1943 – José de Jesús Gudiño Pelayo, Mexican lawyer and jurist (d. 2010)
    • 1943 – Richard Smalley, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
    • 1943 – Joe Stampley, American country music singer-songwriter
    • 1944 – Monty Alexander, Jamaican jazz pianist.
    • 1944 – Phillip Allen Sharp, American molecular biologist; 1993 Nobel Prize laureate (Physiology or Medicine).
    • 1944 – Tommie Smith, American sprinter and football player; winner of 1968 Olympic 200m gold medal in a world record time.

    1946–2000

    • 1946 – Tony Levin, American bass player and songwriter.[
    • 1947 – David Blunkett, British Labour politician; Home Secretary 2001–2004.
    • 1947 – Robert Englund, American actor; best known for Nightmare on Elm Street.
    • 1947 – Ada Kok, Dutch butterfly stroke swimmer; winner of three Olympic medals including gold in 1968.
    • 1948 – Arlene Harris, American entrepreneur, inventor, investor and policy advocate.
    • 1949 – Holly Near, American folk singer and songwriter.
    • 1954 – Harvey Fierstein, American actor and playwright; twice a winner at the Tony Awards.
    • 1954 – Wladyslaw Zmuda, Polish footballer and manager; 91 caps for Poland and voted Best Young Player at the 1974 FIFA World Cup.
    • 1955 – Sam Simon, American director, producer and screenwriter; co-developer of The Simpsons (d. 2015).
    • 1956 – Björn Borg, Swedish tennis player; winner of eleven Grand Slam singles titles including five consecutive Wimbledons.
    • 1972 – Natalie Morales, American television journalist and NBC News anchor.

    Deaths

    • 184 – Qiao Xuan, Chinese official (b. c. 110).
    • 863 – Abu Musa Utamish, vizier to the Abbasid Caliphate.
    • 913 – Alexander III, Byzantine emperor (b. 870).
    • 1097 – Agnes of Aquitaine, Queen of Aragon and Navarre
    • 1134 – Norbert of Xanten, German bishop and saint (b. 1060)
    • 1217 – Henry I, King of Castile and Toledo (b. 1204)
    • 1237 – John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
    • 1251 – William III of Dampierre, Count of Flanders
    • 1252 – Robert Passelewe, Bishop of Chichester
    • 1333 – William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (b. 1312)
    • 1393 – Emperor Go-En’yū of Japan (b. 1359)
    • 1480 – Vecchietta, Italian painter, sculptor, and architect (b. 1412)
    • 1548 – João de Castro, Portuguese soldier and politician, Governor of Portuguese India (b. 1500)
    • 1561 – Ridolfo Ghirlandaio, Italian painter (b. 1483)
    • 1583 – Nakagawa Kiyohide, Japanese daimyō (b. 1556)
    • 1659 – Nadira Banu Begum, Mughal princess (b. 1618)
    • 1661 – Martino Martini, Italian Jesuit missionary (b. 1614)
    • 1730 – Alain Emmanuel de Coëtlogon, French general (b. 1646)
    • 1740 – Alexander Spotswood, Moroccan-American colonial and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia (b. 1676)
    • 1784 – Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol, Dutch politician (b. 1741)
    • 1799 – Patrick Henry, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Virginia (b. 1736)
    • 1813 – Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, French architect, designed the Hôtel de Mademoiselle de Condé (b. 1739)
    • 1813 – Antonio Cachia, Maltese architect, engineer and archaeologist (b. 1739)
    • 1832 – Jeremy Bentham, English jurist and philosopher (b. 1748)
    • 1840 – Marcellin Champagnat, French priest and saint, founded the Marist Brothers (b. 1789)
    • 1843 – Friedrich Hölderlin, German poet and author (b. 1770)
    • 1861 – Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Italian politician, 1st Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1810)
    • 1862 – Turner Ashby, American colonel (b. 1828)
    • 1865 – William Quantrill, American captain (b. 1837)
    • 1878 – Robert Stirling, Scottish minister and engineer, invented the stirling engine (b. 1790)
    • 1881 – Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian violinist and composer (b. 1820)
    • 1883 – Ciprian Porumbescu, Romanian composer and poet (b. 1853)
    • 1891 – John A. Macdonald, Scottish-Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1815)
    • 1916 – Yuan Shikai, Chinese general and politician, 2nd President of the Republic of China (b. 1859)
    • 1922 – Lillian Russell, American actress and singer (b. 1860)
    • 1924 – William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie, Irish businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of Belfast (b. 1847)
    • 1934 – Julije Kempf, Croatian historian and author (b. 1864)
    • 1935 – Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, English field marshal and politician, 12th Governor-General of Canada (b. 1862)
    • 1941 – Louis Chevrolet, Swiss-American race car driver and businessman, founded Chevrolet and Frontenac Motor Corporation (b. 1878)
    • 1943 – Pandelis Pouliopoulos, Greek politician (b. 1900)
    • 1946 – Gerhart Hauptmann, German novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
    • 1947 – James Agate, English author and critic (b. 1877)
    • 1948 – Louis Lumière, French director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1864)
    • 1951 – Olive Tell, American actress (b. 1894)
    • 1954 – Fritz Kasparek, Austrian mountaineer and author (b. 1910)
    • 1955 – Max Meldrum, Scottish-Australian painter and educator (b. 1875)
    • 1961 – Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist (b. 1875)
    • 1962 – Yves Klein, French painter (b. 1928)
    • 1962 – Tom Phillis, Australian motorcycle racer (b. 1934)
    • 1963 – William Baziotes, American painter and academic (b. 1912)
    • 1968 – Randolph Churchill, English journalist and politician (b. 1911)
    • 1968 – Robert F. Kennedy, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 64th United States Attorney General (b. 1925)
    • 1968 – Kâzım Özalp, Turkish general and politician, 3rd Turkish Minister of National Defence (b. 1880)
    • 1975 – Larry Blyden, American actor (b. 1925)
    • 1976 – J. Paul Getty, American businessman, founded the Getty Oil Company (b. 1892)
    • 1979 – Jack Haley, American actor (b. 1897)
    • 1980 – Ruth Aarons, American table tennis player and manager (b. 1918)
    • 1982 – Kenneth Rexroth, American poet and academic (b. 1905)
    • 1983 – Hans Leip, German author, poet, and playwright (b. 1893)
    • 1984 – A. Bertram Chandler, English-Australian soldier and author (b. 1912)
    • 1991 – Stan Getz, American saxophonist (b. 1927)
    • 1994 – Barry Sullivan, American actor (b. 1912)
    • 1996 – George Davis Snell, American geneticist and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
    • 1997 – Magda Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and socialite (b. 1915)
    • 2000 – Frédéric Dard, French author and screenwriter (b. 1921)
    • 2001 – Suzanne Schiffman, French screenwriter and director (b. 1939)
    • 2003 – Ken Grimwood, American author (b. 1944)
    • 2003 – Dave Rowberry, English singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1940)
    • 2005 – Anne Bancroft, American actress (b. 1931)
    • 2005 – Dana Elcar, American actor (b. 1927)
    • 2006 – Arnold Newman, American photographer and educator (b. 1918)
    • 2006 – Billy Preston, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (b. 1946)
    • 2006 – Camille Sandorfy, Hungarian-Canadian chemist and academic (b. 1920)
    • 2009 – Jean Dausset, French-Spanish immunologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
    • 2009 – Jim Owens, American football player and coach (b. 1927)
    • 2010 – Marvin Isley, American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1953)
    • 2012 – Vladimir Krutov, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1960)
    • 2012 – Manuel Preciado Rebolledo, Spanish footballer and coach (b. 1957)
    • 2012 – Mykola Volosyanko, Ukrainian footballer and manager (b. 1972)
    • 2013 – Jerome Karle, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
    • 2013 – Eugen Merzbacher, German-American physicist and academic (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Tom Sharpe, English-Spanish author and academic (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Esther Williams, American swimmer and actress (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – Ado Bayero, Nigerian politician and diplomat (b. 1930)
    • 2014 – Eric Hill, English-American author and illustrator (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Lorna Wing, English psychiatrist and physician (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Pierre Brice, French actor (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Vincent Bugliosi, American lawyer and author (b. 1934)
    • 2015 – Ronnie Gilbert, American singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
    • 2015 – Ludvík Vaculík, Czech journalist and author (b. 1926)
    • 2016 – Viktor Korchnoi, Russian chess player (b. 1931)
    • 2016 – Peter Shaffer, English playwright and screenwriter (b. 1926)
    • 2018 – Ralph Santolla, American guitarist (b. 1969)

    Holidays and observances on June 6

    • Christian feast day:
      • Claude the Thaumaturge
      • Gottschalk
      • Ini Kopuria (Church of England, Episcopal Church, Anglican Church of Melanesia)
      • Marcellin Champagnat
      • Norbert of Xanten
      • June 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Engineer’s Day (Taiwan)
    • Korean Children’s Union Foundation Day (North Korea)
    • Memorial Day (South Korea)
    • National Day, marks the end of the Danish-ruled Kalmar Union. (Sweden)
    • National Huntington’s Disease Awareness Day (United States)
    • Normandy landings of the Allied Expeditionary Forces (D-Day), a.k.a. Operation Neptune, part of Operation Overlord (1944)
    • Queensland Day (Queensland)
    • Teachers’ Day (Bolivia)
    • UN Russian Language Day (United Nations)

  • June 4 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1411 – King Charles VI granted a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon as they had been doing for centuries.
    • 1561 – The steeple of St Paul’s, the medieval cathedral of London, is destroyed in a fire caused by lightning and is never rebuilt.
    • 1615 – Siege of Osaka: Forces under Tokugawa Ieyasu take Osaka Castle in Japan.
    • 1745 – Battle of Hohenfriedberg: Frederick the Great’s Prussian army decisively defeated an Austrian army under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine during the War of the Austrian Succession.
    • 1760 – Great Upheaval: New England planters arrive to claim land in Nova Scotia, Canada, taken from the Acadians.
    • 1783 – The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon).
    • 1784 – Élisabeth Thible becomes the first woman to fly in an untethered hot air balloon. Her flight covers four kilometres in 45 minutes, and reached 1,500 metres altitude (estimated).
    • 1792 – Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for the Kingdom of Great Britain.
    • 1802 – King Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia abdicates his throne in favor of his brother, Victor Emmanuel.
    • 1812 – Following Louisiana’s admittance as a U.S. state, the Louisiana Territory is renamed the Missouri Territory.
    • 1825 – General Lafayette, a French officer in the American Revolutionary War, speaks at what would become Lafayette Square, Buffalo, during his visit to the United States.
    • 1855 – Major Henry C. Wayne departs New York aboard the USS Supply to procure camels to establish the U.S. Camel Corps.
    • 1859 – Italian Independence wars: In the Battle of Magenta, the French army, under Louis-Napoleon, defeat the Austrian army.
    • 1862 – American Civil War: Confederate troops evacuate Fort Pillow on the Mississippi River, leaving the way clear for Union troops to take Memphis, Tennessee.
    • 1876 – An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after leaving New York City.
    • 1878 – Cyprus Convention: The Ottoman Empire cedes Cyprus to the United Kingdom but retains nominal title.
    • 1896 – Henry Ford completes the Ford Quadricycle, his first gasoline-powered automobile, and gives it a successful test run.
    • 1912 – Massachusetts becomes the first state of the United States to set a minimum wage.
    • 1913 – Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of King George V’s horse at The Derby. She is trampled, never regains consciousness, and dies four days later.
    • 1916 – World War I: Russia opens the Brusilov Offensive with an artillery barrage of Austro-Hungarian lines in Galicia.
    • 1917 – The first Pulitzer Prizes are awarded: Laura E. Richards, Maude H. Elliott, and Florence Hall receive the first Pulitzer for biography (for Julia Ward Howe). Jean Jules Jusserand receives the first Pulitzer for history for his work With Americans of Past and Present Days. Herbert B. Swope receives the first Pulitzer for journalism for his work for the New York World.
    • 1919 – Women’s rights: The U.S. Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.
    • 1920 – Hungary loses 71% of its territory and 63% of its population when the Treaty of Trianon is signed in Paris.
    • 1928 – The President of the Republic of China, Zhang Zuolin, is assassinated by Japanese agents.
    • 1932 – Marmaduke Grove and other Chilean military officers lead a coup d’état establishing the short-lived Socialist Republic of Chile.
    • 1939 – The Holocaust: The MS St. Louis, a ship carrying 963 Jewish refugees, is denied permission to land in Florida, in the United States, after already being turned away from Cuba. Forced to return to Europe, more than 200 of its passengers later die in Nazi concentration camps.
    • 1940 – World War II: The Dunkirk evacuation ends: British forces complete evacuation of 338,000 troops from Dunkirk in France. To rally the morale of the country, Winston Churchill delivers, only to the House of Commons, his famous “We shall fight on the beaches” speech.
    • 1942 – World War II: The Battle of Midway begins. The Japanese Admiral Chūichi Nagumo orders a strike on Midway Island by much of the Imperial Japanese Navy.
    • 1943 – A military coup in Argentina ousts Ramón Castillo.
    • 1944 – World War II: A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505: The first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.
    • 1944 – World War II: The United States Fifth Army captures Rome, although much of the German Fourteenth Army is able to withdraw to the north.
    • 1961 – Cold War: In the Vienna summit, the Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev sparks the Berlin Crisis by threatening to sign a separate peace treaty with East Germany and ending American, British and French access to East Berlin.
    • 1967 – Seventy-two people are killed when a Canadair C-4 Argonaut crashes at Stockport in England.
    • 1970 – Tonga gains independence from the United Kingdom.
    • 1975 – The Governor of California Jerry Brown signs the California Agricultural Labor Relations Act into law, the first law in the U.S. giving farmworkers collective bargaining rights.
    • 1979 – Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings takes power in Ghana after a military coup in which General Fred Akuffo is overthrown.
    • 1983 – Gordon Kahl, who killed two US Marshals in Medina, North Dakota on February 13, is killed in a shootout in Smithville, Arkansas, along with a local sheriff, after a four-month manhunt.
    • 1986 – Jonathan Pollard pleads guilty to espionage for selling top secret United States military intelligence to Israel.
    • 1988 – Three cars on a train carrying hexogen to Kazakhstan explode in Arzamas, Gorky Oblast, USSR, killing 91 and injuring about 1,500.
    • 1989 – Ali Khamenei is elected as the new Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran by the Assembly of Experts after the death and funeral of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
    • 1989 – The Tiananmen Square protests are suppressed in Beijing by the People’s Liberation Army, with between 241 and 1,000 dead (an unofficial estimate).
    • 1989 – Solidarity’s victory in the first (somewhat) free parliamentary elections in post-war Poland sparks off a succession of peaceful anti-communist revolutions in Eastern Europe, leads to the creation of the so-called Contract Sejm and begins the Autumn of Nations.
    • 1989 – Ufa train disaster: A natural gas explosion near Ufa, Russia, kills 575 as two trains passing each other throw sparks near a leaky pipeline.
    • 1996 – The first flight of Ariane 5 explodes after roughly 37 seconds. It was a Cluster mission.
    • 1998 – Terry Nichols is sentenced to life in prison for his role in the Oklahoma City bombing.
    • 2010 – Falcon 9 Flight 1 is the maiden flight of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, which launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40.

    Births on June 4

    • 1394 – Philippa of England, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (d. 1430)
    • 1489 – Antoine, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1544)
    • 1563 – George Heriot, Scottish goldsmith (d. 1624)
    • 1604 – Claudia de’ Medici, Italian daughter of Christina of Lorraine (d. 1648)
    • 1665 – Zacharie Robutel de La Noue, Canadian captain (d. 1733)
    • 1694 – François Quesnay, French economist and physician (d. 1774)
    • 1704 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and businessman (d. 1776)
    • 1738 – George III of the United Kingdom (d. 1820)
    • 1744 – Patrick Ferguson, Scottish soldier, designed the Ferguson rifle (d. 1780)
    • 1754 – Miguel de Azcuénaga, Argentinian soldier (d. 1833)
    • 1754 – Franz Xaver von Zach, Slovak astronomer and academic (d. 1832)
    • 1787 – Constant Prévost, French geologist and academic (d. 1856)
    • 1801 – James Pennethorne, English architect, designed Victoria Park (d. 1871)
    • 1821 – Apollon Maykov, Russian poet and playwright (d. 1897)
    • 1829 – Jinmaku Kyūgorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 12th Yokozuna (d. 1903)
    • 1854 – Solko van den Bergh, Dutch target shooter (d. 1916)
    • 1860 – Alexis Lapointe, Canadian runner (d. 1924)
    • 1861 – William Propsting, Australian politician, 20th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1937)
    • 1866 – Miina Sillanpää, Finnish journalist and politician (d. 1952)
    • 1867 – Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Finnish general and politician, 6th President of Finland (d. 1951)
    • 1873 – Nictzin Dyalhis, American author (d.1942)
    • 1877 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
    • 1879 – Mabel Lucie Attwell, English author and illustrator (d. 1964)
    • 1880 – Clara Blandick, American actress (d. 1962)
    • 1885 – Arturo Rawson, Argentinian general and politician, 26th President of Argentina (d. 1952)
    • 1887 – Tom Longboat, Canadian runner and soldier (d. 1949)
    • 1889 – Beno Gutenberg, German-American seismologist (d. 1960)
    • 1903 – Yevgeny Mravinsky, Russian conductor (d. 1988)
    • 1904 – Bhagat Puran Singh, Indian publisher, environmentalist, and philanthropist (d. 1992)
    • 1907 – Jacques Roumain, Haitian journalist and politician (d. 1944)
    • 1907 – Rosalind Russell, American actress (d. 1976)
    • 1907 – Patience Strong, English poet and journalist (d. 1990)
    • 1910 – Christopher Cockerell, English engineer, invented the hovercraft (d. 1999)
    • 1912 – Robert Jacobsen, Danish sculptor and painter (d. 1993)
    • 1915 – Walter Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer (d. 2006)
    • 1915 – Modibo Keïta, Malian educator and politician, 1st President of Mali (d. 1977)
    • 1915 – Nils Kihlberg, Swedish actor, singer, and director (d. 1965)
    • 1916 – Robert F. Furchgott, American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2009)
    • 1916 – Fernand Leduc, Canadian painter (d. 2014)
    • 1917 – Robert Merrill, American actor and singer (d. 2004)
    • 1921 – Milan Komar, Slovenian-Argentinian philosopher and academic (d. 2006)
    • 1921 – Bobby Wanzer, American basketball player and coach (d. 2016)
    • 1923 – Elizabeth Jolley, English-Australian author and academic (d. 2007)
    • 1923 – Masutatsu Ōyama, Japanese karateka (d. 1994)
    • 1924 – Tofilau Eti Alesana, Samoan politician, 5th Prime Minister of Samoa (d. 1999)
    • 1924 – Dennis Weaver, American actor and director (d. 2006)
    • 1925 – Antonio Puchades, Spanish footballer (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Robert Earl Hughes, American who was the heaviest human being recorded in the history of the world during his lifetime (d. 1958)
    • 1926 – Ain Kaalep, Estonian poet, playwright, and critic (d. 2020)
    • 1926 – Judith Malina, German-American actress and director, co-founded The Living Theatre (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Henning Carlsen, Danish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1927 – Geoffrey Palmer, English actor
    • 1928 – Ruth Westheimer, German-American therapist and author
    • 1929 – Karolos Papoulias, Greek lawyer and politician, 5th President of Greece
    • 1930 – George Chesworth, English air marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Moray (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Morgana King, American singer and actress (d. 2018)
    • 1930 – Viktor Tikhonov, Russian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1931 – Gustav Nossal, Austrian-Australian biologist and academic
    • 1932 – John Drew Barrymore, American actor (d. 2004)
    • 1932 – Oliver Nelson, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1975)
    • 1932 – Maurice Shadbolt, New Zealand author and playwright (d. 2004)
    • 1934 – Monica Dacon, Vincentian educator and politician, 6th Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
    • 1934 – Daphne Sheldrick, Kenyan-British conservationist and author (d. 2018)
    • 1935 – Colette Boky, Canadian soprano and actress
    • 1935 – Berhanu Dinka, Ethiopian economist and diplomat (d. 2013)
    • 1936 – Vince Camuto, American fashion designer and businessman, co-founded Nine West (d. 2015)
    • 1936 – Bruce Dern, American actor
    • 1937 – Freddy Fender, American singer and guitarist (d. 2006)
    • 1937 – Mortimer Zuckerman, Canadian-American businessman and publisher, founded Boston Properties
    • 1938 – John Harvard, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (d. 2016)
    • 1938 – Art Mahaffey, American baseball player
    • 1939 – Jeremy Browne, 11th Marquess of Sligo, Anglo-Irish peer (d. 2014)
    • 1939 – Denis de Belleval, Canadian civil servant and politician
    • 1939 – Henri Pachard, American director and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1939 – George Reid, Scottish journalist and politician, 2nd Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament
    • 1940 – Ludwig Schwarz, Slovak-Austrian bishop
    • 1941 – Kenneth G. Ross, Australian playwright and screenwriter
    • 1942 – Louis Reichardt, American mountaineer
    • 1942 – Bill Rowe, Canadian lawyer and politician
    • 1943 – John Burgess, Australian radio and television host
    • 1943 – Sandra Haynie, American golfer
    • 1943 – Tom Jaine, English author
    • 1944 – Roger Ball, Scottish saxophonist and songwriter
    • 1944 – Michelle Phillips, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1945 – Anthony Braxton, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer
    • 1945 – Daniel Topolski, English rower and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1945 – Gordon Waller, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2009)
    • 1947 – Viktor Klima, Austrian businessman and politician, 25th Chancellor of Austria
    • 1948 – Bob Champion, English jockey
    • 1948 – Sandra Post, Canadian golfer and sportscaster
    • 1948 – Jürgen Sparwasser, German footballer and manager
    • 1949 – Gabriel Arcand, Canadian actor
    • 1949 – Mark B. Cohen, American lawyer and politician
    • 1950 – Raymond Dumais, Canadian bishop (d. 2012)
    • 1951 – Leigh Kennedy, American author
    • 1951 – Bronisław Malinowski, Polish runner (d. 1981)
    • 1951 – Melanie Phillips, English journalist and author
    • 1951 – Wendy Pini, American author and illustrator
    • 1951 – David Yip, English actor and playwright
    • 1952 – Bronisław Komorowski, Polish historian and politician, 5th President of Poland
    • 1952 – Dambudzo Marechera, Zimbabwean author and poet (d. 1987)
    • 1953 – Linda Lingle, American journalist and politician, 6th Governor of Hawaii
    • 1953 – Jimmy McCulloch, Scottish musician and songwriter (d. 1979)
    • 1953 – Susumu Ojima, Japanese businessman, founded Huser
    • 1953 – Paul Samson, English guitarist and producer (d. 2002)
    • 1954 – Raphael Ravenscroft, English saxophonist and composer (d. 2014)
    • 1954 – Kazuhiro Yamaji, Japanese actor and voice actor
    • 1955 – Val McDermid, Scottish author
    • 1955 – Mary Testa, American singer and actress
    • 1956 – Keith David, American actor
    • 1956 – John Hockenberry, American journalist and author
    • 1956 – Terry Kennedy, American baseball player and manager
    • 1956 – Joyce Sidman, American author and poet
    • 1957 – Neil McNab, Scottish footballer
    • 1959 – Juan Camacho, Bolivian runner
    • 1959 – Georgios Voulgarakis, Greek politician, 21st Greek Minister for Culture
    • 1960 – Miloš Đelmaš, Serbian footballer and manager
    • 1960 – Kristine Kathryn Rusch, American author
    • 1960 – Paul Taylor, American guitarist and keyboard player
    • 1960 – Bradley Walsh, English television presenter, comedian, singer and former footballer
    • 1961 – El DeBarge, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1961 – Ferenc Gyurcsány, Hungarian businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Hungary
    • 1962 – Krzysztof Hołowczyc, Polish race car driver
    • 1962 – Zenon Jaskuła, Polish cyclist
    • 1962 – John P. Kee, American singer-songwriter and pastor
    • 1962 – Junius Ho, Hong Kong solicitor and politician
    • 1963 – Sean Fitzpatrick, New Zealand rugby union player
    • 1963 – Jim Lachey, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Xavier McDaniel, American basketball player and coach
    • 1964 – Sean Pertwee, English actor
    • 1964 – Kōji Yamamura, Japanese animator, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Mick Doohan, Australian motorcycle racer
    • 1965 – Andrea Jaeger, American tennis player and preacher
    • 1966 – Cecilia Bartoli, Italian soprano and actress
    • 1966 – Vladimir Voevodsky, Russian mathematician and academic (d. 2017)
    • 1966 – Bill Wiggin, English politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Wales
    • 1967 – Robert S. Kimbrough, American colonel and astronaut
    • 1968 – Roger Lim, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1968 – Niurka Montalvo, Cuban-Spanish long jumper
    • 1968 – Al B. Sure!, American R&B singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
    • 1968 – Scott Wolf, American actor
    • 1969 – Horatio Sanz, Chilean-American actor and comedian
    • 1970 – Deborah Compagnoni, Italian skier
    • 1970 – Richie Hawtin, English-Canadian DJ and producer
    • 1970 – Dave Pybus, English bass player and songwriter
    • 1970 – Izabella Scorupco, Polish-Swedish actress and model
    • 1971 – Joseph Kabila, Congolese soldier and politician, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    • 1971 – Mike Lee, American lawyer and politician
    • 1971 – Shoji Meguro, Japanese director and composer
    • 1971 – Karl Martin Sinijärv, Estonian journalist and poet
    • 1971 – Noah Wyle, American actor and producer
    • 1972 – Derian Hatcher, American ice hockey defenseman
    • 1972 – Rob Huebel, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1973 – Mikey Whipwreck, American wrestler and trainer
    • 1974 – Jacob Sahaya Kumar Aruni, Indian chef (d. 2012)
    • 1974 – Darin Erstad, American baseball player and coach
    • 1974 – Andrew Gwynne, English lawyer and politician
    • 1974 – Janette Husárová, Slovak tennis player
    • 1974 – Buddy Wakefield, American poet and author
    • 1975 – Russell Brand, English comedian and actor
    • 1975 – Henry Burris, American football player
    • 1975 – Angelina Jolie, American actress, filmmaker, humanitarian, and activist
    • 1975 – Dinanath Ramnarine, Trinidadian cricketer
    • 1975 – Alex Wharf, English cricketer
    • 1976 – Kasey Chambers, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1976 – Alexei Navalny, Russian lawyer and politician
    • 1976 – Nenad Zimonjić, Serbian tennis player
    • 1977 – Dionisis Chiotis, Greek footballer
    • 1977 – Alex Manninger, Austrian footballer
    • 1977 – Roman Miroshnichenko, Ukrainian guitarist and composer
    • 1977 – Roland G. Fryer Jr., American economist and professor
    • 1978 – Robin Lord Taylor, American actor
    • 1979 – Naohiro Takahara, Japanese footballer
    • 1979 – Daniel Vickerman, South African-Australian rugby player (d. 2017)
    • 1980 – François Beauchemin, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1981 – Jennifer Carroll, Canadian swimmer
    • 1981 – Giourkas Seitaridis, Greek footballer
    • 1981 – Natalia Vodopyanova, Russian basketball player
    • 1982 – Abel Kirui, Kenyan runner
    • 1982 – Ronnie Prude, American-Canadian football player
    • 1983 – Romaric, Ivorian footballer
    • 1983 – Emmanuel Eboué, Ivorian footballer
    • 1983 – Olha Saladuha, Ukrainian triple jumper
    • 1984 – Enrico Rossi Chauvenet, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Rainie Yang, Taiwanese actress
    • 1984 – Ian White, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Leon Botha, South African painter and DJ (d. 2011)
    • 1985 – Anna-Lena Grönefeld, German tennis player
    • 1985 – Evan Lysacek, American figure skater
    • 1985 – Lukas Podolski, German footballer
    • 1985 – Oddvar Reiakvam, Norwegian politician
    • 1987 – Luisa Zissman, English businesswoman
    • 1987 – Mollie King, English singer-songwriter and model
    • 1988 – Matt Bartkowski, American ice hockey defenseman
    • 1988 – Kimberley Busteed, Australian model
    • 1989 – Federico Erba, Italian footballer
    • 1989 – Paweł Fajdek, Polish hammer thrower
    • 1990 – Zac Farro, American singer and drummer
    • 1990 – Evan Spiegel, American Internet entrepreneur
    • 1991 – Lorenzo Insigne, Italian footballer
    • 1991 – Matt McIlwrick, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1991 – Ben Stokes, New Zealand-English cricketer
    • 1993 – Jonathan Huberdeau, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1995 – Shiori Tamai, Japanese singer
    • 1999 – Kim So-hyun, South Korean actress
    • 2004 – Mackenzie Ziegler, American dancer, singer, actress and model

    Deaths on June 4

    • 756 – Shōmu, Japanese emperor (b. 701)
    • 863 – Charles, archbishop of Mainz
    • 895 – Li Xi, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
    • 946 – Guaimar II (Gybbosus), Lombard prince
    • 956 – Muhammad III of Shirvan, Muslim ruler
    • 1039 – Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 990)
    • 1102 – Władysław I Herman, Polish nobleman (b. c. 1044)
    • 1134 – Magnus I of Sweden (b. 1106)
    • 1135 – Emperor Huizong of Song (b. 1082)
    • 1206 – Adela of Champagne (b. 1140)
    • 1246 – Isabella of Angoulême (b. 1188)
    • 1257 – Przemysł I of Greater Poland (b. 1221)
    • 1394 – Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV of England (b.c. 1368)
    • 1453 – Andronikos Palaiologos Kantakouzenos, Byzantine commander
    • 1463 – Flavio Biondo, Italian historian and author (b. 1392)
    • 1472 – Nezahualcoyotl, Aztec poet (b. 1402)
    • 1585 – Muretus, French philosopher and author (b. 1526)
    • 1608 – Francis Caracciolo, Italian Catholic priest (b. 1563)
    • 1622 – Péter Révay, Hungarian soldier and historian (b. 1568)
    • 1647 – Canonicus, Grand Chief Sachem of the Narragansett (b. 1565)
    • 1663 – William Juxon, English archbishop and academic (b. 1582)
    • 1798 – Giacomo Casanova, Italian adventurer and author (b. 1725)
    • 1801 – Frederick Muhlenberg, American minister and politician, 1st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1750)
    • 1809 – Nicolai Abildgaard, Danish neoclassical and history painter, sculptor and architect (b. 1743)
    • 1830 – Antonio José de Sucre, Venezuelan general and politician, 2nd President of Bolivia (b. 1795)
    • 1872 – Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Dutch historian, jurist, and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1798)
    • 1875 – Eduard Mörike, German pastor and poet (b. 1804)
    • 1876 – Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire, 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1830)
    • 1922 – W. H. R. Rivers, English anthropologist, neurologist, ethnologist, and psychiatrist (b. 1864)
    • 1925 – Margaret Murray Washington, American Academic (b. 1865)
    • 1926 – Fred Spofforth, Australian-English cricketer and coach (b. 1853)
    • 1928 – Zhang Zuolin, Chinese warlord (b. 1873)
    • 1929 – Harry Frazee, American director, producer, and agent (b. 1881)
    • 1931 – Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, Sharif and Emir of Mecca, King of the Hejaz (b. 1853/54)
    • 1933 – Ahmet Haşim, Turkish poet and author (b. 1884)
    • 1939 – Tommy Ladnier, American trumpet player (b. 1900)
    • 1941 – Wilhelm II, German Emperor (b. 1859)
    • 1942 – Reinhard Heydrich, German SS officer and politician (b. 1904)
    • 1951 – Serge Koussevitzky, Russian-American bassist, composer, and conductor (b. 1874)
    • 1956 – Katherine MacDonald, American actress and producer (b. 1881)
    • 1962 – Clem McCarthy, American sportscaster (b. 1882)
    • 1967 – Linda Eenpalu, Estonian lawyer and politician (b. 1890)
    • 1968 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (b. 1898)
    • 1970 – Sonny Tufts, American actor (b. 1911)
    • 1971 – György Lukács, Hungarian historian and philosopher (b. 1885)
    • 1973 – Maurice René Fréchet, French mathematician and academic (b. 1878)
    • 1973 – Murry Wilson, American songwriter, producer, and manager (b. 1917)
    • 1981 – Leslie Averill, New Zealand doctor and soldier (b. 1897)
    • 1989 – Dik Browne, American cartoonist (b. 1917)
    • 1990 – Stiv Bators, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1949)
    • 1992 – Carl Stotz, American businessman, founded Little League Baseball (b. 1910)
    • 1993 – Bernard Evslin, American writer (b. 1922)
    • 1994 – Derek Leckenby, English musician (b. 1943)
    • 1997 – Ronnie Lane, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1946)
    • 1998 – Josephine Hutchinson, American actress (b. 1903)
    • 2002 – Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Peruvian architect and politician, 42nd President of Peru (b. 1912)
    • 2004 – Steve Lacy, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1934)
    • 2004 – Nino Manfredi, Italian actor (b. 1921)
    • 2007 – Clete Boyer, American baseball player and manager (b. 1937)
    • 2007 – Bill France, Jr., American businessman (b. 1933)
    • 2007 – Craig L. Thomas, American captain and politician (b. 1933)
    • 2010 – John Wooden, American basketball player and coach (b. 1910)
    • 2011 – Juan Francisco Luis, Virgin Islander sergeant and politician, 23rd Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (b. 1940)
    • 2011 – Andreas P. Nielsen, Danish author and composer (b. 1953)
    • 2012 – Peter Beaven, New Zealand architect, designed the Lyttelton Road Tunnel Administration Building (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Pedro Borbón, Dominican-American baseball player (b. 1946)
    • 2012 – Rodolfo Quezada Toruño, Guatemalan cardinal (b. 1932)
    • 2012 – Herb Reed, American violinist (b. 1929)
    • 2013 – Walt Arfons, American race car driver (b. 1916)
    • 2013 – Joey Covington, American drummer (b. 1945)
    • 2013 – Hermann Gunnarsson, Icelandic footballer, handball player, and sportscaster (b. 1946)
    • 2013 – Will Wynn, American football player (b. 1949)
    • 2014 – George Ho, American-Hong Kong businessman (b. 1919)
    • 2014 – Nathan Shamuyarira, Zimbabwean journalist and politician, Zimbabwean Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1928)
    • 2014 – Sydney Templeman, Baron Templeman, English lawyer and judge (b. 1920)
    • 2014 – Don Zimmer, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – Marguerite Patten, English economist and author (b. 1915)
    • 2015 – Leonid Plyushch, Ukrainian mathematician and academic (b. 1938)
    • 2015 – Jabe Thomas, American race car driver (b. 1930)
    • 2015 – Anne Warburton, British academic and diplomat, British Ambassador to Denmark (b. 1927)
    • 2016 – Carmen Pereira, Bissau-Guinean politician (b. 1937)
    • 2017 – Juan Goytisolo, Spanish essayist, poet and novelist (b. 1931)

    Holidays and observances on June 4

    • Birthday of Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim & Flag Day celebration of the Finnish Defence Forces (Finland)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Filippo Smaldone
      • Francis Caracciolo
      • Optatus
      • Petroc of Cornwall
      • Quirinus of Sescia
      • Saturnina
      • June 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Emancipation Day or Independence Day, commemorates the abolition of serfdom in Tonga by King George Tupou in 1862, and the independence of Tonga from the British protectorate in 1970. (Tonga)
    • Flag Day (Estonia)
    • International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression (International)
    • National Unity Day (Hungary)
    • Tiananmen Square Protests of 1989 Memorial Day (International)