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  • July 28 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
    • 1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
    • 1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.
    • 1635 – In the Eighty Years’ War the Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans.
    • 1656 – Second Northern War: Battle of Warsaw begins.
    • 1778 – Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain.
    • 1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.
    • 1808 – Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
    • 1809 – Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley’s British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte.
    • 1821 – José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.
    • 1854 – USS Constellation (1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy, is commissioned.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church: Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia.
    • 1866 – At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).
    • 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
    • 1896 – The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated.
    • 1914 – In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, igniting World War I.
    • 1915 – The United States begins a 19-year occupation of Haiti.
    • 1917 – The Silent Parade took place in New York City, in protest to murders, lynchings, and other violence directed towards African Americans.
    • 1932 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the “Bonus Army” of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
    • 1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
    • 1938 – Hawaii Clipper disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper service.
    • 1939 – The Sutton Hoo helmet is discovered.
    • 1942 – World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a shtrafbat battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution.
    • 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
    • 1945 – A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.
    • 1957 – Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, kills 992.
    • 1960 – The German Volkswagen Act came into force.
    • 1965 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
    • 1973 – Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
    • 1974 – Spetsgruppa A, Russia’s elite special force, was formed.
    • 1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan in the People’s Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
    • 1984 – The Summer Olympics officially known as the games of the XXIII were opened in Los Angeles.
    • 1996 – The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man.
    • 2001 – Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championship.
    • 2002 – Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are rescued after 77 hours underground.
    • 2002 – Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9560 crashes after takeoff from Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, Russia, killing 14 of the 16 people on board.
    • 2005 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
    • 2010 – Airblue Flight 202 crashes into the Margalla Hills north of Islamabad, Pakistan, killing all 152 people aboard. It is the deadliest aviation accident in Pakistan history and the first involving an Airbus A321.
    • 2011 – While flying from Seoul, South Korea to Shanghai, China, Asiana Airlines Flight 991 develops an in-flight fire in the cargo hold. The Boeing 747-400F freighter attempts to divert to Jeju International Airport, but crashes into the sea South-West of Jeju island, killing both crew members on board.
    • 2017 – Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif was disqualified for lifetime by Supreme Court of Pakistan founding him guilty of corruption charges.
    • 2018 – Australian Wendy Tuck becomes the first woman skipper to win the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race.

    Births on July 28

    • 1347 – Margaret of Durazzo, Queen of Naples and Hungary (d. 1412)
    • 1516 – William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman (d. 1592)
    • 1609 – Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (d. 1660)
    • 1635 – Robert Hooke, English physicist and chemist (d. 1703)
    • 1645 – Marguerite Louise d’Orléans, French princess (d. 1721)
    • 1659 – Charles Ancillon, French jurist and diplomat (d. 1715)
    • 1746 – Thomas Heyward, Jr., American judge and politician (d. 1809)
    • 1750 – Fabre d’Églantine, French actor, playwright, and politician (d. 1794)
    • 1783 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck, German army officer and writer (d. 1860)
    • 1796 – Ignaz Bösendorfer, Austrian businessman, founded the Bösendorfer Company (d. 1859)
    • 1804 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German anthropologist and philosopher (d. 1872)
    • 1815 – Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian colonel (d. 1889)
    • 1844 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889)
    • 1857 – Ballington Booth, English-American activist, co-founded Volunteers of America (d. 1940)
    • 1860 – Elias M. Ammons, American businessman and politician, 19th Governor of Colorado (d. 1925)
    • 1860 – Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (d. 1922)
    • 1863 – Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian general (d. 1919)
    • 1866 – Beatrix Potter, English children’s book writer and illustrator (d. 1943)
    • 1866 – Albertson Van Zo Post, American fencer (d. 1938)
    • 1867 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American-Argentinian astronomer (d. 1951)
    • 1872 – Albert Sarraut, French journalist and politician, 106th Prime Minister of France (d. 1962)
    • 1874 – Ernst Cassirer, Polish-American philosopher and academic (d. 1945)
    • 1879 – Lucy Burns, American activist, co-founded the National Woman’s Party (d. 1966)
    • 1879 – Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter (d. 1944)
    • 1887 – Marcel Duchamp, French-American painter and sculptor (d. 1968)
    • 1887 – Willard Price, Canadian-American journalist and author (d. 1983)
    • 1893 – Rued Langgaard, Danish organist and composer (d. 1952)
    • 1896 – Barbara La Marr, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1926)
    • 1898 – Lawrence Gray, American actor (d. 1970)
    • 1901 – Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1979)
    • 1901 – Rudy Vallée, American actor, singer, and saxophonist (d. 1986)
    • 1902 – Albert Namatjira, Australian painter (d. 1959)
    • 1902 – Sir Karl Popper, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1907 – Earl Tupper, American inventor and businessman, founded Tupperware Brands (d. 1983)
    • 1909 – Aenne Burda, German publisher (d. 2005)
    • 1909 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist and poet (d. 1957)
    • 1914 – Carmen Dragon, American conductor and composer (d. 1984)
    • 1915 – Charles Hard Townes, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
    • 1915 – Dick Sprang, American illustrator (d. 2000)
    • 1915 – Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician (d. 1998)
    • 1916 – David Brown, American journalist and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1920 – Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American director and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1922 – Jacques Piccard, Belgian-Swiss oceanographer and engineer (d. 2008)
    • 1923 – Ray Ellis, American conductor and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1924 – Luigi Musso, Italian race car driver (d. 1958)
    • 1924 – C. T. Vivian, American minister, author, and activist
    • 1925 – Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
    • 1926 – Charlie Biddle, American-Canadian bassist (d. 2003)
    • 1927 – John Ashbery, American poet (d. 2017)
    • 1929 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, American journalist and socialite, 37th First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)
    • 1929 – Shirley Ann Grau, American novelist and short story writer
    • 1930 – Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Junior Kimbrough, American singer and guitarist (d. 1998)
    • 1930 – Jean Roba, Belgian author and illustrator (d. 2006)
    • 1930 – Ramsey Muir Withers, Canadian general (d. 2014)
    • 1931 – Alan Brownjohn, English poet and author
    • 1931 – Johnny Martin, Australian cricketer (d. 1992)
    • 1932 – Natalie Babbitt, American author and illustrator (d. 2016)
    • 1932 – Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, Brazilian colonel (d. 2015)
    • 1933 – Charlie Hodge, Canadian ice hockey player and scout (d. 2016)
    • 1934 – Jacques d’Amboise, American dancer and choreographer
    • 1935 – Neil McKendrick, English historian and academic
    • 1936 – Russ Jackson, Canadian football player and coach
    • 1936 – Garfield Sobers, Barbadian cricketer
    • 1937 – Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter
    • 1938 – Luis Aragonés, Spanish footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2014)
    • 1938 – Arsen Dedić, Croatian singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Alberto Fujimori, Peruvian engineer, academic, and politician, 90th President of Peru
    • 1938 – Chuan Leekpai, Thai lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Thailand
    • 1939 – Richard Johns, English air marshal
    • 1940 – Philip Proctor, American voice actor and screenwriter
    • 1941 – Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor and educator
    • 1941 – Susan Roces, Filipino actress and producer
    • 1942 – Marty Brennaman, American sportscaster
    • 1942 – Tonia Marketaki, Greek director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
    • 1943 – Mike Bloomfield, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 1981)
    • 1943 – Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician
    • 1943 – Richard Wright, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (d. 2008)
    • 1945 – Jim Davis, American cartoonist, created Garfield
    • 1946 – Jonathan Edwards, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1946 – Linda Kelsey, American actress
    • 1946 – Fahmida Riaz, Pakistani poet and activist
    • 1947 – Peter Cosgrove, Australian general and politician, 26th Governor General of Australia
    • 1947 – Sally Struthers, American actress
    • 1948 – Gerald Casale, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and director
    • 1948 – Eiichi Ohtaki, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1949 – Vida Blue, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1949 – Peter Doyle, Australian singer and guitarist (d. 2001)
    • 1949 – Simon Kirke, English drummer
    • 1949 – Steve Peregrin Took, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1980)
    • 1949 – Randall Wallace, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1950 – Shahyar Ghanbari, Iranian singer-songwriter
    • 1950 – Tapley Seaton, Kittitian politician, 4th Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
    • 1951 – Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect and engineer, designed the Athens Olympic Sports Complex
    • 1951 – Doug Collins, American basketball player and coach
    • 1951 – Gregg Giuffria, American rock musician and businessman
    • 1951 – Ray Kennedy, English footballer
    • 1952 – Vajiralongkorn, King of Thailand
    • 1954 – Hugo Chávez, Venezuelan colonel and politician, President of Venezuela (d. 2013)
    • 1954 – Gerd Faltings, German mathematician and academic
    • 1954 – Steve Morse, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1954 – Mikey Sheehy, Irish footballer
    • 1955 – Nikolay Zimyatov, Russian skier
    • 1956 – John Feinstein, American journalist and author
    • 1956 – Robert Swan, English explorer
    • 1958 – Terry Fox, Canadian runner and activist (d. 1981)
    • 1958 – Michael Hitchcock, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1959 – William T. Vollmann, American novelist, short story writer and journalist
    • 1960 – Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Jon J. Muth, American author and illustrator
    • 1960 – Yōichi Takahashi, Japanese illustrator
    • 1961 – Yannick Dalmas, French race car driver
    • 1962 – Rachel Sweet, American singer, television writer, and actress
    • 1964 – Lori Loughlin, American actress
    • 1965 – Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer
    • 1966 – Sossina M. Haile, Ethiopian American chemist
    • 1966 – Miguel Ángel Nadal, Spanish footballer
    • 1966 – Jimmy Pardo, American stand-up comedian, actor, and host
    • 1966 – Shikao Suga, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1967 – Taka Hirose, Japanese bass player
    • 1969 – Garth Snow, American ice hockey player and manager
    • 1969 – Alexis Arquette, American actress (d. 2016)
    • 1970 – Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
    • 1970 – Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian figure skater
    • 1970 – Paul Strang, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
    • 1971 – Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
    • 1971 – Ludmilla Lacueva Canut, Andorran writer
    • 1971 – Stephen Lynch, American singer-songwriter and actor
    • 1971 – Annie Perreault, Canadian speed skater
    • 1972 – Robert Chapman, English cricketer
    • 1973 – Marc Dupré, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1973 – Steve Staios, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1974 – Alexis Tsipras, Greek engineer and politician, 186th Prime Minister of Greece
    • 1974 – Elizabeth Berkley, American actress
    • 1975 – Leonor Watling, Spanish actress
    • 1976 – Jacoby Shaddix, American singer-songwriter
    • 1977 – Aki Berg, Finnish-Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Manu Ginóbili, Argentinian basketball player
    • 1977 – Miyabiyama Tetsushi, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1978 – Kārlis Vērdiņš, Latvian poet
    • 1978 – Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1979 – Henrik Hansen, Danish footballer
    • 1979 – Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1979 – Lee Min-woo, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1979 – Alena Popchanka, Belarusian-French swimmer and coach
    • 1980 – Stephen Christian, American singer-songwriter
    • 1980 – Anthony Weaver, American football player
    • 1981 – Michael Carrick, English footballer
    • 1983 – Sam Dastyari, Iranian-Australian politician
    • 1983 – Cody Hay, Canadian figure skater
    • 1984 – Zach Parise, American ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Mathieu Debuchy, French footballer
    • 1985 – Dustin Milligan, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1985 – Darren Murphy, Irish footballer
    • 1986 – Alexandra Chando, American actress
    • 1986 – Lauri Korpikoski, Finnish ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Dulquer Salmaan, Indian actor
    • 1987 – Yasser Corona, Mexican footballer
    • 1987 – Yevhen Khacheridi, Ukrainian-Greek footballer
    • 1987 – Pedro, Spanish footballer
    • 1988 – Greg Hardy, American football player
    • 1989 – Felipe Kitadai, Brazilian martial artist
    • 1990 – Soulja Boy, American rapper, producer, and actor
    • 1990 – Simone Pizzuti, Italian footballer
    • 1993 – Harry Kane, English footballer
    • 1993 – Moses Odubajo, English footballer
    • 1993 – Cher Lloyd, English singer-songwriter
    • 1995 – Josh Addo-Carr, Australian rugby league player

    Deaths on July 28

    • 450 – Theodosius II, Roman emperor (b. 401)
    • 938 – Thankmar, half-brother of Otto I (during Siege of Eresburg) (b. c. 908)
    • 942 – Shi Jingtang, emperor of Later Jin (b. 892)
    • 1057 – Victor II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1018)
    • 1128 – William Clito, English son of Sybilla of Conversano (b. 1102)
    • 1230 – Leopold VI, Duke of Austria (b. 1176)
    • 1271 – Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (b. 1220)
    • 1285 – Keran, Queen of Armenia
    • 1333 – Guy VIII of Viennois, Dauphin of Vienne (b. 1309)
    • 1345 – Sancia of Majorca, queen regent of Naples (b. c. 1285)
    • 1458 – John II, king of Cyprus and Armenia
    • 1488 – Edward Woodville, Lord Scales (at the Battle of St. Aubin-du-Cormier)
    • 1508 – Robert Blackadder, bishop of Glasgow
    • 1527 – Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish explorer, founded the city of Santa Marta (b. 1460)
    • 1540 – Thomas Cromwell, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1495)
    • 1585 – Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford (b. 1527)
    • 1631 – Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish playwright (b. 1569)
    • 1655 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet and playwright (b. 1619)
    • 1667 – Abraham Cowley, English poet and author (b. 1618)
    • 1675 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer and politician (b. 1605)
    • 1685 – Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English politician and diplomat, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1618)
    • 1718 – Étienne Baluze, French scholar and academic (b. 1630)
    • 1741 – Antonio Vivaldi, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1678)
    • 1750 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German organist and composer (b. 1685)
    • 1762 – George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (b. 1691)
    • 1794 – Maximilien Robespierre, French lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the Committee of Public Safety (b. 1758)
    • 1794 – Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, French soldier and politician (b. 1767)
    • 1808 – Selim III, Ottoman sultan (b. 1761)
    • 1809 – Richard Beckett, English cricketer and captain (b.1772)
    • 1818 – Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and engineer (b. 1746)
    • 1835 – Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise, French general and politician, 15th Prime Minister of France (b. 1768)
    • 1836 – Nathan Mayer Rothschild, German-English banker and financier (b. 1777)
    • 1842 – Clemens Brentano, German author and poet (b. 1778)
    • 1844 – Joseph Bonaparte, French diplomat and brother of Napoleon (b. 1768)
    • 1849 – Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)
    • 1869 – Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Czech anatomist and physiologist (b. 1787)
    • 1878 – George Law Curry, American publisher and politician (b. 1820)
    • 1885 – Moses Montefiore, British philanthropist, sheriff and banker (b. 1784)
    • 1895 – Edward Beecher, American minister and theologian (b. 1803)
    • 1930 – John DeWitt, American hammer thrower (b. 1881)
    • 1930 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist and optician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
    • 1933 – Nishinoumi Kajirō III, Japanese sumo wrestler, 30th yokozuna (b. 1890)
    • 1934 – Marie Dressler, Canadian-American actress and singer (b. 1868)
    • 1934 – Louis Tancred, South African cricketer and pilot (b. 1876)
    • 1935 – Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871)
    • 1942 – Flinders Petrie, English archaeologist and academic (b. 1853)
    • 1946 – Saint Alphonsa, first woman of Indian origin to be Canonization as a saint by the Catholic Church (b. 1910)
    • 1957 – Edith Abbott, American economist, social worker, and educator (b. 1876)
    • 1957 – Isaac Heinemann, German-Israeli scholar and academic (b. 1876)
    • 1965 – Edogawa Ranpo, Japanese author and critic (b. 1894)
    • 1965 – Attallah Suheimat, Jordanian politician (b. 1875)
    • 1967 – Karl W. Richter, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1942)
    • 1968 – Otto Hahn, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
    • 1969 – Ramón Grau, Cuban physician and politician, 6th President of Cuba (b. 1882)
    • 1969 – Frank Loesser, American composer (b. 1910)
    • 1971 – Lawrence Moore Cosgrave, Canadian colonel and diplomat (b. 1890)
    • 1971 – Myril Hoag, American baseball player (b. 1908)
    • 1971 – Charles E. Pont, French-American minister and painter (b. 1898)
    • 1972 – Helen Traubel, American soprano and actress (b. 1903)
    • 1979 – Don Miller, American football player and coach (b. 1902)
    • 1979 – Charles Shadwell, English conductor and bandleader (b. 1898)
    • 1980 – Rose Rand, Austrian-born American logician and philosopher (b. 1903)
    • 1981 – Stanley Rother, American priest and missionary (b. 1935)
    • 1982 – Keith Green, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1953)
    • 1987 – Jack Renshaw, Australian politician, 31st Premier of New South Wales (b. 1909)
    • 1990 – Jill Esmond, English actress (b. 1908)
    • 1992 – Sulev Nõmmik, Estonian actor and director (b. 1931)
    • 1993 – Stanley Woods, Irish motorcycle racer (b. 1903)
    • 1996 – Roger Tory Peterson, American ornithologist and academic (b. 1908)
    • 1997 – Rosalie Crutchley, English actress (b. 1920)
    • 1997 – Seni Pramoj, Thai lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1905)
    • 1998 – Zbigniew Herbert, Polish poet and author (b. 1924)
    • 1998 – Lenny McLean, English boxer, actor, and author (b. 1949)
    • 1998 – Consalvo Sanesi, Italian race car driver (b. 1911)
    • 1999 – Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
    • 2000 – Abraham Pais, Dutch-American physicist and historian (b. 1918)
    • 2001 – Ahmed Sofa, Bangladeshi poet, author, and critic (b. 1943)
    • 2002 – Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
    • 2003 – Valerie Goulding, Irish activist and politician (b. 1918)
    • 2004 – Francis Crick, English biologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
    • 2004 – Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist and author (b. 1938)
    • 2006 – David Gemmell, English author (b. 1948)
    • 2007 – Karl Gotch, Belgian-American wrestler and trainer (b. 1924)
    • 2007 – Jim LeRoy, American soldier and pilot (b. 1961)
    • 2009 – Jim Johnson, American football player and coach (b. 1941)
    • 2011 – Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan general (b. 1944)
    • 2012 – Colin Horsley, New Zealand-English pianist and educator (b. 1920)
    • 2012 – Sepp Mayerl, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1937)
    • 2012 – William F. Milliken Jr., American race car driver and engineer (b. 1911)
    • 2013 – Mustafa Adrisi, Ugandan general and politician, 3rd Vice President of Uganda (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Eileen Brennan, American actress and singer (b. 1932)
    • 2013. – Rita Reys, Dutch jazz singer (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – William Scranton, American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (b. 1914)
    • 2014 – Margot Adler, American journalist and author (b. 1946)
    • 2014 – Alex Forbes, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Alakbar Mammadov, Azerbaijani footballer and manager (b. 1930)
    • 2014 – Theodore Van Kirk, American soldier, pilot, and navigator (b. 1921)
    • 2015 – Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (b. 1950)
    • 2015 – Edward Natapei, Vanuatuan politician, 6th Prime Minister of Vanuatu (b. 1954)
    • 2015 – Clive Rice, South African cricketer and coach (b. 1949)
    • 2016 – Émile Derlin Zinsou, Beninese politician (b. 1918)
    • 2016 – Mahasweta Devi, Indian Bengali fiction writer and socio-political activist (b. 1926)
    • 2018 – Wanny van Gils, Dutch footballer (b. 1959)

    Holidays and observances on July 28

    • Christian feast day:
      • Alphonsa Muttathupadathu (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church)
      • Botvid
      • Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, Henry Purcell (Episcopal Church commemoration)
      • Johann Sebastian Bach, Heinrich Schütz, George Frederick Handel (Lutheran commemoration)
      • Nazarius and Celsus
      • Pedro Poveda Castroverde
      • Pope Innocent I
      • Pope Victor I
      • Samson of Dol
      • July 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of Commemoration of the Great Upheaval (Canada)
    • Earliest day on which Emancipation Day can fall, while August 3 is the latest; celebrated on Thursday before the first Monday in August (Bermuda)
    • Fiestas Patrias, celebrates the independence of Peru from Spain by General José de San Martín in 1821.
    • Liberation Day (San Marino)
    • Ólavsøka Eve (Faroe Islands)
    • World Hepatitis Day

  • July 23 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 811 – Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum’s treasury.
    • 1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios.
    • 1632 – Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.
    • 1677 – Scanian War: Denmark–Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.
    • 1793 – Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.
    • 1813 – Sir Thomas Maitland is appointed as the first Governor of Malta, transforming the island from a British protectorate to a de facto colony.
    • 1821 – While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Asia Minor’s coasts.
    • 1829 – In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.
    • 1840 – The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.
    • 1862 – American Civil War: Henry Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
    • 1874 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.
    • 1881 – The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.
    • 1885 – President Ulysses S. Grant dies of throat cancer.
    • 1903 – The Ford Motor Company sells its first car.
    • 1908 – The Second Constitution accepted by the Ottomans.
    • 1914 – Austria-Hungary issues a series of demands in an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia accepts all but one of those demands and Austria declares war on July 28.
    • 1919 – Prince Regent Aleksander Karađorđević signs the decree establishing the University of Ljubljana
    • 1921 – The Communist Party of China (CPC) is established at the founding National Congress.
    • 1926 – Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.
    • 1927 – The first station of the Indian Broadcasting Company goes on the air in Bombay.
    • 1936 – In Catalonia, Spain, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.
    • 1940 – The United States’ Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
    • 1942 – World War II: The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.
    • 1942 – Bulgarian poet and Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.
    • 1943 – The Rayleigh bath chair murder occurred in Rayleigh, Essex, England.
    • 1943 – World War II: The British destroyers HMS Eclipse and HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.
    • 1945 – The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain begin.
    • 1952 – General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.
    • 1961 – The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded in Nicaragua.
    • 1962 – Telstar relays the first publicly transmitted, live trans-Atlantic television program, featuring Walter Cronkite.
    • 1962 – The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.
    • 1962 – Jackie Robinson becomes the first African American to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
    • 1967 – Detroit Riots: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It ultimately kills 43 people, injures 342 and burns about 1,400 buildings.
    • 1968 – Glenville shootout: In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.
    • 1968 – The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The aircraft was en route from Rome, to Lod, Israel.
    • 1970 – Qaboos bin Said al Said becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur initiating massive reforms, modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.
    • 1972 – The United States launches Landsat 1, the first Earth-resources satellite.
    • 1974 – The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece’s metapolitefsi era.
    • 1980 – Phạm Tuân becomes the first Vietnamese citizen and the first Asian in space when he flies aboard the Soyuz 37 mission as an Intercosmos Research Cosmonaut.
    • 1982 – Outside Santa Clarita, California, actor Vic Morrow and two children are killed when a helicopter crashes onto them while shooting a scene from Twilight Zone: The Movie.
    • 1983 – Thirteen Sri Lanka Army soldiers are killed after a deadly ambush by the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
    • 1983 – Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.
    • 1988 – General Ne Win, effective ruler of Burma since 1962, resigns after pro-democracy protests.
    • 1992 – A Vatican commission, led by Joseph Ratzinger, establishes that limiting certain rights of homosexual people and non-married couples is not equivalent to discrimination on grounds of race or gender.
    • 1992 – Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.
    • 1995 – Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later.
    • 1997 – Digital Equipment Corporation files antitrust charges against chipmaker Intel.
    • 1999 – ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.
    • 1999 – Space Shuttle Columbia launches on STS-93, with Eileen Collins becoming the first female space shuttle commander. The shuttle also carried and deployed the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
    • 2005 – Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.
    • 2014 – TransAsia Airways Flight 222 crashes in Xixi village near Huxi, Penghu, during approach to Phengu Airport. 48 of the 58 people on board are killed and five more people on the ground are injured.
    • 2015 – NASA announces discovery of Kepler-452b by Kepler.
    • 2016 – Kabul twin bombing occurred in the vicinity of Deh Mazang when protesters, mostly from the Shiite Hazara minority, were marching against route changing of the TUTAP power project. At least 80 people were killed and 260 were injured.
    • 2018 – A wildfire in East Attica, Greece caused the death of 102 people. It was the deadliest wildfire in history of Greece and the second-deadliest in the world, in the 21st century, after the 2009 bushfires in Australia that killed 180.

    Births on July 23

    • 1301 – Otto, Duke of Austria (d. 1339)
    • 1339 – Louis I, Duke of Anjou (d. 1384)
    • 1370 – Pier Paolo Vergerio the Elder, humanist (d. 1444 or 1445)
    • 1401 – Francesco I Sforza, Italian husband of Bianca Maria Visconti (d. 1466)
    • 1441 – Danjong of Joseon, King of Joseon (d. 1457)
    • 1503 – Anne of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1547)
    • 1614 – Bonaventura Peeters the Elder, Flemish painter (d. 1652)
    • 1635 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, New France garrison commander (d. 1660)
    • 1649 – Pope Clement XI (d. 1721)
    • 1705 – Francis Blomefield, English historian and author (d. 1752)
    • 1713 – Luís António Verney, Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue (d. 1792)
    • 1773 – Thomas Brisbane, Scottish general and politician, 6th Governor of New South Wales (d. 1860)
    • 1775 – Étienne-Louis Malus, French physicist and mathematician (d. 1812)
    • 1777 – Philipp Otto Runge, German painter and illustrator (d. 1810)
    • 1796 – Franz Berwald, Swedish surgeon and composer (d. 1868)
    • 1802 – Manuel María Lombardini, Mexican general and president (1853) (d. 1853)
    • 1823 – Alexandre-Antonin Taché, Canadian archbishop and missionary (d. 1894)
    • 1838 – Édouard Colonne, French violinist and conductor (d. 1910)
    • 1851 – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (d. 1909)
    • 1856 – Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian lawyer and journalist (d. 1920)
    • 1864 – Apolinario Mabini, Filipino lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Philippines (d. 1903)
    • 1865 – Henry Norris, English businessman and politician (d. 1934)
    • 1866 – Francesco Cilea, Italian composer and academic (d. 1950)
    • 1878 – James Thomas Milton Anderson, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Saskatchewan (d. 1946)
    • 1882 – Kâzım Karabekir, Turkish general and politician, 5th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (b. 1948)
    • 1883 – Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke, French-English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of the County of London (d. 1963)
    • 1884 – Emil Jannings, Swiss-German actor (d. 1950)
    • 1885 – Izaak Killam, Canadian financier and philanthropist (d. 1955)
    • 1885 – Georges V. Matchabelli, Georgian-American businessman, created Prince Matchabelli perfume (d. 1935)
    • 1886 – Salvador de Madariaga, Spanish historian and diplomat (d. 1978)
    • 1886 – Walter H. Schottky, Swiss-German physicist and engineer (d. 1976)
    • 1888 – Raymond Chandler, American crime novelist and screenwriter (d. 1959)
    • 1891 – Louis T. Wright, American surgeon and civil rights activist (d. 1952)
    • 1892 – Haile Selassie, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1975)
    • 1894 – Arthur Treacher, English-American actor and television personality (d. 1975)
    • 1895 – Aileen Pringle, American actress (d. 1989)
    • 1898 – Daniel Cosío Villegas, Mexican historian, economist (d. 1976)
    • 1898 – Bengt Djurberg, Swedish actor and singer (d. 1941)
    • 1898 – Red Dutton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1987)
    • 1898 – Herman Kruusenberg, Estonian wrestler (d. 1970)
    • 1898 – Jacob Marschak, Ukrainian-American economist, journalist, and author (d. 1977)
    • 1899 – Gustav Heinemann, German lawyer and politician, 3rd President of West Germany (d. 1976)
    • 1900 – Julia Davis Adams, American author and journalist (d. 1993)
    • 1900 – John Babcock, Canadian-American sergeant (d. 2010)
    • 1900 – Inger Margrethe Boberg, Danish folklore researcher and writer (d. 1957)
    • 1901 – Hank Worden, American actor and singer (d. 1992)
    • 1901 – Isabel Luberza Oppenheimer, Puerto Rican brothel owner and madam in barrio Maragüez, Ponce, Puerto Rico (d. 1974)
    • 1905 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian author and educator (d. 2013)
    • 1906 – Vladimir Prelog, Croatian-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
    • 1906 – Chandra Shekhar Azad, Indian activist (d. 1931)
    • 1912 – M. H. Abrams, American author, critic, and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1912 – Michael Wilding, English actor (d. 1979)
    • 1913 – Michael Foot, English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Employment (d. 2010)
    • 1914 – Nassos Daphnis, Greek-American painter (d.2010)
    • 1914 – Virgil Finlay, American illustrator (d. 1971)
    • 1914 – Elly Annie Schneider, German-American actress (d. 2004)
    • 1916 – Laurel Martyn, Australian ballerina and choreographer (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Abraham Bueno de Mesquita, Dutch comedian and actor (d. 2005)
    • 1918 – Ruth Duccini, American actress (d. 2014)
    • 1918 – Pee Wee Reese, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – Calvert DeForest, American actor (d. 2007)
    • 1922 – Damiano Damiani, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Jenny Pike, Canadian WWII servicewoman and photographer (d. 2004)
    • 1923 – Luis Aloma, Cuban-American baseball player (d. 1997)
    • 1923 – Morris Halle, Latvian-American linguist and academic (d. 2018)
    • 1923 – Amalia Mendoza, Mexican singer and actress (d. 2001)
    • 1924 – Gavin Lambert, English-American screenwriter and author (d. 2005)
    • 1924 – Gazanfer Bilge, Turkish wrestler (d. 2008)
    • 1925 – Tajuddin Ahmad, Bangladeshi politician, 1st Prime Minister of Bangladesh (d. 1975)
    • 1925 – Quett Masire, Botswana politician, the former Vice-President of Botswana (d. 2017)
    • 1925 – Alain Decaux, French historian and author (d. 2016)
    • 1925 – Gloria DeHaven, American actress and singer (d. 2016)
    • 1926 – Ludvík Vaculík, Czech journalist and author (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Gérard Brach, French director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1928 – Leon Fleisher, American pianist and conductor
    • 1928 – Vera Rubin, American astronomer and academic (d. 2016)
    • 1928 – Hubert Selby, Jr., American author and screenwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1929 – Danny Barcelona, American drummer (d. 2007)
    • 1929 – Lateef Jakande, Nigerian journalist and politician, 5th Governor of Lagos State
    • 1931 – Te Atairangikaahu, Māori queen (d. 2006)
    • 1931 – Claude Fournier, Canadian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer
    • 1931 – Guy Fournier, Canadian author and screenwriter
    • 1933 – Raimund Abraham, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Cultural Forum (d. 2010)
    • 1933 – Bert Convy, American actor, singer, and game show host (d. 1991)
    • 1933 – Benedict Groeschel, American priest, psychologist, and talk show host (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Richard Rogers, Italian-English architect, designed the Millennium Dome and Lloyd’s building
    • 1935 – Jim Hall, American race car driver
    • 1936 – Don Drysdale, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1993)
    • 1936 – Anthony Kennedy, American lawyer and jurist
    • 1937 – Dave Webster, American football player and engineer
    • 1938 – Juliet Anderson, American porn actress and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1938 – Ronny Cox, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1938 – Charles Harrelson, American murderer (d. 2007)
    • 1938 – Bert Newton, Australian actor and television host
    • 1940 – Danielle Collobert, French author, poet, and journalist (d. 1978)
    • 1940 – Don Imus, American radio host (d. 2019)
    • 1940 – Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Finance (d. 2010)
    • 1941 – Christopher Andrew, English historian and academic
    • 1941 – Richie Evans, American race car driver (d. 1985)
    • 1941 – Sergio Mattarella, Italian lawyer, judge, and politician, 12th President of Italy
    • 1942 – Sallyanne Atkinson, Australian journalist and politician, Lord Mayor of Brisbane
    • 1942 – Madeline Bell, American singer-songwriter
    • 1942 – Richard E. Dauch, American businessman, co-founded American Axle (d. 2013)
    • 1942 – Dimitris Liantinis, Greek philosopher and author (d. 1998)
    • 1943 – Randall Forsberg, American scientist (d. 2007)
    • 1943 – Tony Joe White, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2018)
    • 1944 – Dino Danelli, American drummer
    • 1944 – Maria João Pires, Portuguese pianist
    • 1945 – Edward Gregson, English composer and educator
    • 1945 – Jon Sammels, English footballer
    • 1946 – Andy Mackay, English oboe player and composer
    • 1946 – René Ricard, American poet, painter, and critic (d. 2014)
    • 1947 – Gardner Dozois, American journalist and author (d. 2018)
    • 1947 – David Essex, English singer-songwriter, and actor
    • 1947 – Torsten Palm, Swedish race car driver
    • 1947 – Robin Simon, English historian, critic, and academic
    • 1948 – Ross Cranston, Australian-English lawyer, judge, and politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales
    • 1948 – John Cushnahan, Northern Irish educator and politician
    • 1948 – John Hall, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and politician
    • 1948 – Stanisław Targosz, Polish general (d. 2013)
    • 1949 – Clive Rice, South African cricketer and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1950 – Alex Kozinski, Romanian-born American lawyer and judge
    • 1950 – Ian Thomas, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1950 – Blair Thornton, Canadian guitarist and songwriter
    • 1950 – Alan Turner, Australian cricketer
    • 1952 – Paul Hibbert, Australian cricketer and coach (d. 2008)
    • 1952 – Bill Nyrop, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1995)
    • 1952 – John Rutsey, Canadian drummer (d. 2008)
    • 1952 – Janis Siegel, American jazz singer (The Manhattan Transfer)
    • 1953 – Graham Gooch, English cricketer and coach
    • 1953 – Najib Razak, Malaysian politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malaysia
    • 1957 – Jo Brand, English comedian, actress, and screenwriter
    • 1957 – Nikos Galis, American basketball player
    • 1957 – Theo van Gogh, Dutch actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1957 – Quentin Willson, English TV presenter, Top Gear.
    • 1958 – Ken Green, American golfer
    • 1958 – Tomy Winata, Indonesian businessman and philanthropist, founded the Artha Graha Peduli Foundation
    • 1959 – Nancy Savoca, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Gary Ella, Australian rugby player
    • 1960 – Susan Graham, American soprano and educator
    • 1960 – Al Perez, American wrestler
    • 1961 – André Ducharme, Canadian comedian and author
    • 1961 – Michael Durant, American pilot and author
    • 1961 – Martin Gore, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1961 – Woody Harrelson, American actor and activist
    • 1961 – Milind Gunaji, Indian actor, model, television show host, and author
    • 1962 – Eriq La Salle, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1962 – Mark Laurie, Australian rugby league player
    • 1962 – Alain Lefèvre, Canadian pianist and composer
    • 1963 – Slobodan Zivojinovic, Serbian tennis player
    • 1964 – Uwe Barth, German politician
    • 1964 – Nick Menza, German drummer and songwriter (d. 2016)
    • 1965 – Rob Dickinson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Slash, English-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1967 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1968 – Elden Campbell, American basketball player
    • 1968 – Gary Payton, American basketball player and actor
    • 1968 – Stephanie Seymour, American model and actress
    • 1969 – Andrew Cassels, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1970 – Charisma Carpenter, American actress
    • 1970 – Thea Dorn, German author and playwright
    • 1970 – Sam Watters, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1971 – Dalvin DeGrate, American rapper and producer
    • 1971 – Alison Krauss, American singer-songwriter and fiddler
    • 1971 – Joel Stein, American journalist
    • 1972 – Suat Kılıç, Turkish journalist, lawyer, and politician, Turkish Minister of Youth and Sports
    • 1972 – Floyd Reifer, Barbadian cricketer and coach
    • 1972 – Marlon Wayans, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1973 – Nomar Garciaparra, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1973 – Fran Healy, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1973 – Himesh Reshammiya, Indian singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and director
    • 1973 – Andrea Scanavacca, Italian rugby player and manager
    • 1974 – Terry Glenn, American football player and coach (d. 2017)
    • 1974 – Maurice Greene, American sprinter
    • 1974 – Rik Verbrugghe, Belgian cyclist
    • 1975 – Dan Rogerson, English politician
    • 1976 – Judit Polgár, Hungarian chess player
    • 1977 – Scott Clemmensen, American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1977 – Gail Emms, English badminton player
    • 1977 – Néicer Reasco, Ecuadorian footballer
    • 1977 – Shawn Thornton, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1978 – Stuart Elliott, Northern Irish footballer
    • 1978 – Stefanie Sun, Singaporean singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1978 – Lauren Groff, American novelist and short story writer
    • 1979 – Perro Aguayo Jr., Mexican wrestler and promoter (d. 2015)
    • 1979 – Sotirios Kyrgiakos, Greek footballer
    • 1979 – Richard Sims, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1979 – Ricardo Sperafico, Brazilian race car driver
    • 1979 – Cathleen Tschirch, German sprinter
    • 1980 – Sandeep Parikh, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1980 – Michelle Williams, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
    • 1981 – Steve Jocz, Canadian singer-songwriter, drummer, and director
    • 1981 – Dmitriy Karpov, Kazakhstani decathlete
    • 1981 – Aleksandr Kulik, Estonian footballer
    • 1981 – Jarkko Nieminen, Finnish tennis player
    • 1982 – Ömer Aysan Barış, Turkish footballer
    • 1982 – Joe Mather, American baseball player
    • 1982 – Gökhan Ünal, Turkish footballer
    • 1982 – Gerald Wallace, American basketball player
    • 1982 – Paul Wesley, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1983 – Bec Hewitt, Australian actress
    • 1983 – Aaron Peirsol, American swimmer
    • 1983 – David Strettle, English rugby player
    • 1984 – Walter Gargano, Uruguayan footballer
    • 1984 – Matthew Murphy, English singer and guitarist
    • 1984 – Brandon Roy, American basketball player
    • 1984 – Celeste Thorson, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1985 – Luis Ángel Landín, Mexican footballer
    • 1986 – Aya Uchida, Japanese voice actress and singer
    • 1986 – Nelson Philippe, French race car driver
    • 1986 – Yelena Sokolova, Russian long jumper
    • 1987 – Alessio Cerci, Italian footballer
    • 1987 – Felipe Dylon, Brazilian singer
    • 1987 – Serdar Kurtuluş, Turkish footballer
    • 1989 – Daniel Radcliffe, English actor
    • 1989 – Donald Young, American tennis player
    • 1990 – Kevin Reynolds, Canadian figure skater
    • 1991 – Lauren Mitchell, Australian gymnast
    • 1991 – Jarrod Wallace, Australian rugby league footballer
    • 1992 – Danny Ings, English footballer
    • 1996 – Alexandra Andresen, Norwegian heiress and equestrian

    Deaths on July 23

    • 955 – He Ning, Chinese chancellor (b. 898)
    • 997 – Nuh II, Samanid emir (b. 963)
    • 1100 – Warner of Grez, French nobleman, relative of Godfrey of Bouillon
    • 1227 – Qiu Chuji, Chinese religious leader, founded the Dragon Gate Taoism (b. 1148)
    • 1298 – Thoros III, Armenian king (b. c. 1271)
    • 1373 – Bridget of Sweden, Swedish mystic and saint, founded the Bridgettine Order (b. 1303)
    • 1403 – Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester, English rebel (b. 1343)
    • 1531 – Louis de Brézé, French husband of Diane de Poitiers
    • 1536 – Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1519)
    • 1562 – Götz von Berlichingen, German knight and poet (b. 1480)
    • 1584 – John Day, English printer (b. 1522)
    • 1596 – Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (b. 1526)
    • 1645 – Michael I, Russian tsar (b. 1596)
    • 1692 – Gilles Ménage, French lawyer, philologist, and scholar (b. 1613)
    • 1727 – Simon Harcourt, 1st Viscount Harcourt, English politician, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1661)
    • 1757 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian harpsichord player and composer (b. 1685)
    • 1773 – George Edwards, English biologist and ornithologist (b. 1693)
    • 1781 – John Joachim Zubly, Swiss-American pastor and politician (b. 1724)
    • 1793 – Roger Sherman, American lawyer and politician (b. 1721)
    • 1833 – Anselmo de la Cruz, Chilean politician, Chilean Minister of Finance (b. 1777)
    • 1853 – Andries Pretorius, South African general (b. 1798)
    • 1875 – Isaac Singer, American businessman, founded the Singer Corporation (b. 1811)
    • 1878 – Carl von Rokitansky, Bohemian physician, pathologist, and politician (b. 1804)
    • 1885 – Ulysses S. Grant, American general and politician, 18th President of the United States (b. 1822)
    • 1904 – John Douglas, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of Queensland (b. 1828)
    • 1909 – Frederick Holder, Australian politician, 19th Premier of South Australia (b. 1850)
    • 1916 – William Ramsay, Scottish-English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
    • 1919 – Spyridon Lambros, Greek historian and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1851)
    • 1920 – Conrad Kohrs, German-American rancher and politician (b. 1835)
    • 1924 – Frank Frost Abbott, American author and scholar (b. 1850)
    • 1926 – Viktor Vasnetsov, Russian painter (b. 1848)
    • 1927 – Reginald Dyer, British brigadier general (b. 1864)
    • 1930 – Glenn Curtiss, American pilot and engineer (b. 1878)
    • 1932 – Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (b. 1884)
    • 1936 – Anna Abrikosova, Russian linguist (b. 1882)
    • 1941 – George Lyman Kittredge, American scholar and educator (b. 1860)
    • 1941 – José Quiñones Gonzales, Peruvian soldier and pilot (b. 1914)
    • 1942 – Adam Czerniaków, Polish engineer and politician (b. 1880)
    • 1942 – Andy Ducat, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1886)
    • 1948 – D. W. Griffith, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1875)
    • 1950 – Shigenori Tōgō, Japanese politician and diplomat, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1882)
    • 1951 – Robert J. Flaherty, American director and producer (b. 1884)
    • 1951 – Philippe Pétain, French general and politician, 119th Prime Minister of France (b. 1856)
    • 1954 – Herman Groman, American runner (b. 1882)
    • 1955 – Cordell Hull, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 47th United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)
    • 1957 – Bob Shiring, American football player and coach (b. 1870)
    • 1966 – Montgomery Clift, American actor (b. 1920)
    • 1968 – Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875)
    • 1971 – Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1910)
    • 1972 – Esther Applin, American geologist and paleontologist (b. 1895)
    • 1973 – Eddie Rickenbacker, American pilot and race car driver, founded Rickenbacker Motors (b. 1890)
    • 1979 – Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author (b. 1898)
    • 1980 – Sarto Fournier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 38th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1908)
    • 1980 – Keith Godchaux, American keyboard player and songwriter (b. 1948)
    • 1980 – Mollie Steimer, Russian activist (b. 1897)
    • 1982 – Vic Morrow, American actor (b. 1929)
    • 1983 – Georges Auric, French composer (b. 1899)
    • 1985 – Johnny Wardle, English cricketer and manager (b. 1923)
    • 1989 – Donald Barthelme, American short story writer and novelist (b. 1931)
    • 1990 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese engineer (b. 1899)
    • 1996 – Jean Muir, American actress (b. 1911)
    • 1997 – Chūhei Nambu, Japanese jumper and journalist (b. 1904)
    • 1999 – Hassan II of Morocco (b. 1929)
    • 2001 – Eudora Welty, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1909)
    • 2002 – Leo McKern, Australian-English actor (b. 1920)
    • 2002 – William Luther Pierce, American activist and author (b. 1933)
    • 2002 – Chaim Potok, American novelist and rabbi (b. 1929)
    • 2002 – Clark Gesner, American author and composer (b. 1938)
    • 2003 – James E. Davis, American police officer and politician (b. 1962)
    • 2004 – Mehmood Ali, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1932)
    • 2004 – Carlos Paredes, Portuguese guitarist and composer (b. 1925)
    • 2004 – Piero Piccioni, Italian pianist, conductor, and composer (b. 1921)
    • 2005 – Ted Greene, American guitarist and journalist (b. 1946)
    • 2006 – Jean-Paul Desbiens, Canadian journalist and academic (b. 1927)
    • 2007 – Ron Miller, American songwriter and producer (b. 1933)
    • 2007 – Mohammed Zahir Shah, Afghan king (b. 1914)
    • 2008 – Kurt Furgler, Swiss lawyer and politician, 70th President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1924)
    • 2009 – E. Lynn Harris, American author and screenwriter (b. 1955)
    • 2010 – Daniel Schorr, American journalist and author (b. 1916)
    • 2011 – Amy Winehouse, English singer-songwriter (b. 1983)
    • 2012 – Margaret Mahy, New Zealand author (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Sally Ride, American physicist and astronaut (b. 1951)
    • 2012 – Lakshmi Sahgal, Indian soldier and politician (b. 1914)
    • 2012 – Esther Tusquets, Spanish publisher and author (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – José Luis Uribarri, Spanish television host and director (b. 1936)
    • 2013 – Dominguinhos, Brazilian singer-songwriter and accordion player (b. 1941)
    • 2013 – Pauline Clarke, English author (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Arthur J. Collingsworth, American diplomat (b. 1944)
    • 2013 – Emile Griffith, American boxer and trainer (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Kim Jong-hak, South Korean director and producer (b. 1951)
    • 2013 – Djalma Santos, Brazilian footballer (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Dora Bryan, English actress and restaurateur (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Norman Leyden, American composer and conductor (b. 1917)
    • 2014 – Ariano Suassuna, Brazilian author and playwright (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Jordan Tabor, English footballer (b. 1990)
    • 2015 – Shigeko Kubota, Japanese-American sculptor and director (b. 1937)
    • 2015 – Don Oberdorfer, American journalist, author, and academic (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – William Wakefield Baum, American cardinal (b. 1926)
    • 2017 – John Kundla, American basketball coach (b. 1916)

    Holidays and observances on July 23

    • Birthday of Haile Selassie (Rastafari)
    • Children’s Day (Indonesia)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Bridget of Sweden
      • Heiromartyr Phocas (Eastern Orthodox)
      • John Cassian (Western Christianity)
      • Liborius of Le Mans
      • Margarita María
      • Mercè Prat i Prat
      • Rasyphus and Ravennus
      • July 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • National Remembrance Day (Papua New Guinea)
    • Renaissance Day (Oman)
    • Revolution Day (Egypt)

  • July 4 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    The Aphelion, the point in the year when the Earth is farthest from the Sun, occurs around this date.

    July 4 in History

    • 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
    • 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaimed herself empress (Augusta) of the Eastern Roman Empire.
    • 836 – Pactum Sicardi, a peace treaty between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples, is signed.
    • 993 – Ulrich of Augsburg is canonized as a saint.
    • 1054 – A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
    • 1120 – Jordan II of Capua is anointed as prince after his infant nephew’s death.
    • 1187 – The Crusades: Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.
    • 1253 – Battle of West-Capelle: John I of Avesnes defeats Guy of Dampierre.
    • 1359 – Francesco II Ordelaffi of Forlì surrenders to the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz.
    • 1456 – Ottoman–Hungarian wars: The Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) begins.
    • 1534 – Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye.
    • 1584 – Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe arrive at Roanoke Island
    • 1610 – The Battle of Klushino is fought between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia during the Polish–Muscovite War.
    • 1634 – The city of Trois-Rivières is founded in New France (now Quebec, Canada).
    • 1744 – The Treaty of Lancaster, in which the Iroquois cede lands between the Allegheny Mountains and the Ohio River to the British colonies, was signed in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
    • 1774 – Orangetown Resolutions are adopted in the Province of New York, one of many protests against the British Parliament’s Coercive Acts.
    • 1776 – American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress.
    • 1778 – American Revolutionary War: U.S. forces under George Clark capture Kaskaskia during the Illinois campaign.
    • 1802 – At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy opens.
    • 1803 – The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
    • 1817 – In Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.
    • 1826 – John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, respectively the second and third presidents of the United States, die the same day, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence. Adams’ last words were, “Thomas Jefferson survives.”
    • 1827 – Slavery is abolished in the State of New York.
    • 1831 – Samuel Francis Smith writes “My Country, ‘Tis of Thee” for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
    • 1837 – Grand Junction Railway, the world’s first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool.
    • 1838 – The Iowa Territory is organized.
    • 1845 – Henry David Thoreau moves into a small cabin on Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau’s account of his two years there, Walden, will become a touchstone of the environmental movement.
    • 1855 – The first edition of Walt Whitman’s book of poems, Leaves of Grass, is published In Brooklyn.
    • 1862 – Lewis Carroll tells Alice Liddell a story that would grow into Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its sequels.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg: Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to U.S. forces under Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege. One hundred fifty miles up the Mississippi River, a Confederate army is repulsed at the Battle of Helena, Arkansas.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Confederate invasion of U.S. territory.
    • 1879 – Anglo-Zulu War: The Zululand capital of Ulundi is captured by British troops and burned to the ground, ending the war and forcing King Cetshwayo to flee.
    • 1881 – In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.
    • 1886 – The Canadian Pacific Railway’s first scheduled train from Montreal arrives in Port Moody on the Pacific coast, after six days of travel.
    • 1887 – The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, joins Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam, Karachi.
    • 1892 – Western Samoa changes the International Date Line, causing Monday (July 4) to occur twice, resulting in a year with 367 days.
    • 1894 – The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by Sanford B. Dole.
    • 1898 – En route from New York to Le Havre, the SS La Bourgogne collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of Sable Island, with the loss of 549 lives.
    • 1901 – William Howard Taft becomes American governor of the Philippines.
    • 1903 – The Philippine–American War is officially concluded.
    • 1910 – The Johnson–Jeffries riots occur after African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer Jim Jeffries in the 15th round. Between 11 and 26 people are killed and hundreds more injured.
    • 1911 – A massive heat wave strikes the northeastern United States, killing 380 people in eleven days and breaking temperature records in several cities.
    • 1913 – President Woodrow Wilson addresses American Civil War veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913.
    • 1914 – The funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie takes place in Vienna, six days after their assassinations in Sarajevo.
    • 1918 – Mehmed V died at the age of 73 and Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI ascends to the throne.
    • 1918 – World War I: The Battle of Hamel, a successful attack by the Australian Corps against German positions near the town of Le Hamel on the Western Front.
    • 1918 – Bolsheviks kill Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family (Julian calendar date).
    • 1927 – First flight of the Lockheed Vega.
    • 1939 – Lou Gehrig, recently diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, informs a crowd at Yankee Stadium that he considers himself “The luckiest man on the face of the earth”, then announces his retirement from major league baseball.
    • 1941 – Nazi crimes against the Polish nation: Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv.
    • 1941 – World War II: The Burning of the Riga synagogues: The Great Choral Synagogue in German occupied Riga is burnt with 300 Jews locked in the basement.
    • 1942 – World War II: The 250-day Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimea ends when the city falls to Axis forces.
    • 1943 – World War II: The Battle of Kursk, the largest full-scale battle in history and the world’s largest tank battle, begins in the village of Prokhorovka.
    • 1943 – World War II: In Gibraltar, a Royal Air Force B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into the sea in an apparent accident moments after takeoff, killing sixteen passengers on board, including general Władysław Sikorski, the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army and the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile; only the pilot survives.
    • 1946 – The Kielce pogrom against Jewish Holocaust survivors in Poland.
    • 1946 – After 381 years of near-continuous colonial rule by various powers, the Philippines attains full independence from the United States.
    • 1947 – The “Indian Independence Bill” is presented before the British House of Commons, proposing the independence of the Provinces of British India into two sovereign countries: India and Pakistan.
    • 1950 – Cold War: Radio Free Europe first broadcasts.
    • 1951 – Cold War: A court in Czechoslovakia sentences American journalist William N. Oatis to ten years in prison on charges of espionage.
    • 1951 – William Shockley announces the invention of the junction transistor.
    • 1954 – Rationing ends in the United Kingdom.
    • 1960 – Due to the post-Independence Day admission of Hawaii as the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959, the 50-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia, almost ten and a half months later (see Flag Acts (United States)).
    • 1961 – On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die of radiation poisoning over the following two years.
    • 1966 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information Act into United States law. The act went into effect the next year.
    • 1976 – Israeli commandos raid Entebbe airport in Uganda, rescuing all but four of the passengers and crew of an Air France jetliner seized by Palestinian terrorists.
    • 1976 – The U.S. celebrates its Bicentennial.
    • 1977 – The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit.
    • 1982 – Three Iranian diplomats and a journalist are kidnapped in Lebanon by Phalange forces, and their fate remains unknown.
    • 1987 – In France, former Gestapo chief Klaus Barbie (a.k.a. the “Butcher of Lyon”) is convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life imprisonment.
    • 1994 – Rwandan genocide: Kigali, the Rwandan capital, is captured by the Rwandan Patriotic Front, ending the genocide in the city.
    • 1997 – NASA’s Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.
    • 1998 – Japan launches the Nozomi probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.
    • 2001 – Vladivostock Air Flight 352 crashes on approach to Irkutsk Airport killing all 145 people on board.
    • 2004 – The cornerstone of the Freedom Tower is laid on the World Trade Center site in New York City.
    • 2004 – Greece beats Portugal in the UEFA Euro 2004 Final and becomes European Champion for first time in its history.
    • 2005 – The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1.
    • 2006 – Space Shuttle program: Discovery launches STS-121 to the International Space Station. The event gained wide media attention as it was the only shuttle launch in the program’s history to occur on the United States’ Independence Day.
    • 2009 – The Statue of Liberty’s crown reopens to the public after eight years of closure due to security concerns following the September 11 attacks.
    • 2009 – The first of four days of bombings begins on the southern Philippine island group of Mindanao.
    • 2012 – The discovery of particles consistent with the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider is announced at CERN.
    • 2015 – Chile claims its first title in international soccer by defeating Argentina in the 2015 Copa América Final.

    Births on July 4

    • AD 68 – Salonina Matidia, Roman daughter of Ulpia Marciana (d. 119)
    • 1095 – Usama ibn Munqidh, Muslim poet, author and faris (Knight) (d. 1188)
    • 1330 – Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shōgun (d. 1367)
    • 1477 – Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (d. 1534)
    • 1546 – Murad III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1595)
    • 1656 – John Leake, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1720)
    • 1694 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French organist and composer (d. 1772)
    • 1715 – Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet and academic (d. 1769)
    • 1719 – Michel-Jean Sedaine, French playwright (d. 1797)
    • 1729 – George Leonard, American lawyer, jurist and politician (d. 1819)
    • 1753 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard, French inventor, best known as a pioneer in balloon flight (d. 1809)
    • 1790 – George Everest, Welsh geographer and surveyor (d. 1866)
    • 1799 – Oscar I of Sweden (d. 1859)
    • 1804 – Nathaniel Hawthorne, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1864)
    • 1807 – Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian general and politician (d. 1882)
    • 1816 – Hiram Walker, American businessman, founded Canadian Club whisky (d. 1899)
    • 1826 – Stephen Foster, American songwriter and composer (d. 1864)
    • 1842 – Hermann Cohen, German philosopher (d. 1918)
    • 1845 – Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist and humanitarian (d. 1905)
    • 1847 – James Anthony Bailey, American circus ringmaster, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (d. 1906)
    • 1854 – Victor Babeș, Romanian physician and biologist (d. 1926)
    • 1868 – Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer and academic (d. 1921)
    • 1871 – Hubert Cecil Booth, English engineer (d. 1955)
    • 1872 – Calvin Coolidge, American lawyer and politician, 30th President of the United States (d. 1933)
    • 1874 – John McPhee, Australian journalist and politician, 27th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1952)
    • 1880 – Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1975)
    • 1881 – Ulysses S. Grant III, American general (d. 1968)
    • 1883 – Rube Goldberg, American sculptor, cartoonist, and engineer (d. 1970)
    • 1887 – Pio Pion, Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1965)
    • 1888 – Henry Armetta, Italian-American actor and singer (d. 1945)
    • 1895 – Irving Caesar, American songwriter and composer (d. 1996)
    • 1896 – Mao Dun, Chinese journalist, author, and critic (d. 1981)
    • 1897 – Alluri Sitarama Raju, Indian activist (d. 1924)
    • 1898 – Pilar Barbosa, Puerto Rican-American historian and activist (d. 1997)
    • 1898 – Gertrude Lawrence, British actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1952)
    • 1898 – Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician (d. 1998)
    • 1898 – Gertrude Weaver, American supercentenarian (d. 2015)
    • 1900 – Belinda Dann, Indigenous Australian who was one of the Stolen Generation, reunited with family aged 107 (d. 2007)
    • 1900 – Nellie Mae Rowe, American folk artist (d. 1982)
    • 1902 – Meyer Lansky, American gangster (d. 1983)
    • 1902 – George Murphy, American actor and politician (d. 1992)
    • 1903 – Flor Peeters, Belgian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1986)
    • 1904 – Angela Baddeley, English actress (d. 1976)
    • 1905 – Irving Johnson, American sailor and author (d. 1991)
    • 1905 – Robert Hankey, 2nd Baron Hankey, British diplomat and public servant (d. 1996)
    • 1905 – Lionel Trilling, American critic, essayist, short story writer, and educator (d. 1975)
    • 1906 – Vincent Schaefer, American chemist and meteorologist (d. 1993)
    • 1907 – John Anderson, American discus thrower (d. 1948)
    • 1907 – Howard Taubman, American author and critic (d. 1996)
    • 1909 – Alec Templeton, Welsh composer, pianist and satirist (d. 1963)
    • 1910 – Robert K. Merton, American sociologist and scholar (d. 2003)
    • 1910 – Gloria Stuart, American actress (d. 2010)
    • 1911 – Bruce Hamilton, Australian public servant (d. 1989)
    • 1911 – Mitch Miller, American singer and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1914 – Nuccio Bertone, Italian automobile designer (d. 1997)
    • 1915 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1916 – Iva Toguri D’Aquino, American typist and broadcaster (d. 2006)
    • 1918 – Eppie Lederer, American journalist and radio host (d. 2002)
    • 1918 – Johnnie Parsons, American race car driver (d. 1984)
    • 1918 – King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV of Tonga, (d. 2006)
    • 1918 – Alec Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2010)
    • 1918 – Eric Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2006)
    • 1918 – Pauline Phillips, American journalist and radio host, created Dear Abby (d. 2013)
    • 1920 – Norm Drucker, American basketball player and referee (d. 2015)
    • 1920 – Leona Helmsley, American businesswoman (d. 2007)
    • 1920 – Fritz Wilde, German footballer and manager (d. 1977)
    • 1920 – Paul Bannai, American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1921 – Gérard Debreu, French economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
    • 1921 – Nasser Sharifi, Iranian sports shooter
    • 1921 – Metropolitan Mikhail of Asyut (d. 2014)
    • 1921 – Philip Rose, American actor, playwright, and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1921 – Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 2003)
    • 1922 – R. James Harvey, American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1923 – Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Eva Marie Saint, American actress
    • 1924 – Delia Fiallo, Cuban author and screenwriter
    • 1925 – Ciril Zlobec, Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and politician (d. 2018)
    • 1925 – Dorothy Head Knode, American tennis player (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1926 – Lake Underwood, American race car driver and businessman (d. 2008)
    • 1927 – Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress and photographer
    • 1927 – Neil Simon, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 2018)
    • 1928 – Giampiero Boniperti, Italian footballer and politician
    • 1928 – Teofisto Guingona Jr., Filipino politician; 11th Vice President of the Philippines
    • 1928 – Jassem Alwan, Syrian Army Officer (d. 2018)
    • 1928 – Shan Ratnam, Sri Lankan physician and academic (d. 2001)
    • 1928 – Chuck Tanner, American baseball player and manager (d. 2011)
    • 1929 – Ron Casey, Australian journalist and sportscaster (d. 2018)
    • 1929 – Al Davis, American football player, coach, and manager (d. 2011)
    • 1929 – Bill Tuttle, American baseball player (d. 1998)
    • 1930 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (d. 2010)
    • 1931 – Stephen Boyd, Northern Ireland-born American actor (d. 1977)
    • 1931 – Rick Casares, American football player and soldier (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Sébastien Japrisot, French author, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
    • 1931 – Peter Richardson, English cricketer (d. 2017)
    • 1932 – Aurèle Vandendriessche, Belgian runner
    • 1934 – Yvonne B. Miller, American academic and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1934 – Colin Welland, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1935 – Paul Scoon, Grenadian politician, 2nd Governor-General of Grenada (d. 2013)
    • 1936 – Zdzisława Donat, Polish soprano and actress
    • 1937 – Thomas Nagel, American philosopher and academic
    • 1937 – Queen Sonja of Norway
    • 1937 – Richard Rhodes, American journalist and historian
    • 1937 – Eric Walters, Australian journalist (d. 2010)
    • 1938 – Steven Rose, English biologist and academic
    • 1938 – Bill Withers, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2020)
    • 1940 – Pat Stapleton, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2020)
    • 1941 – Sam Farr, American politician
    • 1941 – Tomaž Šalamun, Croatian-Slovenian poet and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1941 – Pavel Sedláček, Czech singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1941 – Brian Willson, American soldier, lawyer, and activist
    • 1942 – Hal Lanier, American baseball player, coach, and manager
    • 1942 – Floyd Little, American football player and coach
    • 1942 – Stefan Meller, French-Polish academic and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2008)
    • 1942 – Prince Michael of Kent
    • 1942 – Peter Rowan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Conny Bauer, German trombonist
    • 1943 – Emerson Boozer, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1943 – Adam Hart-Davis, English historian, author, and photographer
    • 1943 – Geraldo Rivera, American lawyer, journalist, and author
    • 1943 – Fred Wesley, American jazz and funk trombonist
    • 1943 – Alan Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970)
    • 1945 – Andre Spitzer, Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (d. 1972)
    • 1946 – Ron Kovic, American author and activist
    • 1946 – Michael Milken, American businessman and philanthropist
    • 1947 – Lembit Ulfsak, Estonian actor and director (d. 2017)
    • 1948 – René Arnoux, French race car driver
    • 1948 – Tommy Körberg, Swedish singer and actor
    • 1948 – Jeremy Spencer, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1950 – Philip Craven, English basketball player and swimmer
    • 1950 – David Jensen, Canadian-English radio and television host
    • 1951 – John Alexander, Australian tennis player and politician
    • 1951 – Ralph Johnson, American R&B drummer and percussionist
    • 1951 – Vladimir Tismăneanu, Romanian-American political scientist, sociologist, and academic
    • 1951 – Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, American lawyer and politician, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
    • 1952 – Álvaro Uribe, Colombian lawyer and politician, 39th President of Colombia
    • 1952 – Carol MacReady, English actress
    • 1952 – John Waite, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1952 – Paul Rogat Loeb, American author and activist
    • 1953 – Francis Maude, English lawyer and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office
    • 1954 – Jim Beattie, American baseball player, coach, and manager
    • 1954 – Morganna, American model, actress, and dancer
    • 1954 – Devendra Kumar Joshi, 21st Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy
    • 1955 – Kevin Nichols, Australian cyclist
    • 1956 – Robert Sinclair MacKay, British academic and educator
    • 1957 – Rein Lang, Estonian politician and diplomat, 25th Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1958 – Vera Leth, Greenlandic Ombudsman
    • 1958 – Kirk Pengilly, Australian guitarist, saxophonist, and songwriter
    • 1958 – Carl Valentine, English-Canadian footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1959 – Victoria Abril, Spanish actress and singer
    • 1960 – Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian race car driver (d. 1994)
    • 1961 – Richard Garriott, English-American video game designer, created the Ultima series
    • 1962 – Pam Shriver, American tennis player and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Henri Leconte, French tennis player and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Laureano Márquez, Spanish-Venezuelan political scientist and journalist
    • 1963 – José Oquendo, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
    • 1963 – Sonia Pierre, Hatian-Dominican human rights activist (d. 2011)
    • 1964 – Cle Kooiman, American soccer player and manager
    • 1964 – Elie Saab, Lebanese fashion designer
    • 1964 – Edi Rama, Albanian politician
    • 1964 – Mark Slaughter, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1964 – Mark Whiting, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Harvey Grant, American basketball player and coach
    • 1965 – Horace Grant, American basketball player and coach
    • 1965 – Kiriakos Karataidis, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1965 – Gérard Watkins, English actor and playwright
    • 1966 – Ronni Ancona, Scottish actress and screenwriter
    • 1966 – Minas Hantzidis, German-Greek footballer
    • 1966 – Lee Reherman, American actor (d. 2016)
    • 1967 – Vinny Castilla, Mexican baseball player and manager
    • 1967 – Sébastien Deleigne, French athlete
    • 1969 – Al Golden, American football player and coach
    • 1969 – Todd Marinovich, American football player and coach
    • 1969 – Wilfred Mugeyi, Zimbabwean footballer and coach
    • 1972 – Stephen Giles, Canadian canoe racer and engineer
    • 1972 – Mike Knuble, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1973 – Keiko Ihara, Japanese race car driver
    • 1973 – Gackt, Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor
    • 1973 – Michael Johnson, English-Jamaican footballer and manager
    • 1973 – Anjelika Krylova, Russian ice dancer and coach
    • 1973 – Jan Magnussen, Danish race car driver
    • 1973 – Tony Popovic, Australian footballer and manager
    • 1974 – Jill Craybas, American tennis player
    • 1974 – La’Roi Glover, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1974 – Adrian Griffin, American basketball player and coach
    • 1976 – Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2003)
    • 1976 – Yevgeniya Medvedeva, Russian skier
    • 1978 – Marcos Daniel, Brazilian tennis player
    • 1978 – Émile Mpenza, Belgian footballer
    • 1979 – Siim Kabrits, Estonian politician
    • 1979 – Josh McCown, American football player
    • 1979 – Renny Vega, Venezuelan footballer
    • 1980 – Kwame Steede, Bermudan footballer
    • 1981 – Dedé, Angolan footballer
    • 1981 – Brock Berlin, American football player
    • 1981 – Christoph Preuß, German footballer
    • 1981 – Francisco Cruceta, Dominican baseball player
    • 1981 – Will Smith, American football player (d. 2016)
    • 1982 – Vladimir Boisa, Georgian basketball player
    • 1982 – Vladimir Gusev, Russian cyclist
    • 1982 – Jeff Lima, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1982 – Michael “The Situation” Sorrentino, American model, author and television personality
    • 1983 – Melanie Fiona, Canadian singer-songwriter
    • 1983 – Amantle Montsho, Botswanan sprinter
    • 1983 – Miguel Pinto, Chilean footballer
    • 1983 – Amol Rajan, Indian-English journalist
    • 1983 – Mattia Serafini, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Jin Akanishi, Japanese singer-songwriter
    • 1984 – Miguel Santos Soares, Timorese footballer
    • 1985 – Kane Tenace, Australian footballer
    • 1985 – Dimitrios Mavroeidis, Greek basketball player
    • 1985 – Wason Rentería, Colombian footballer
    • 1986 – Ömer Aşık, Turkish basketball player
    • 1986 – Nguyen Ngoc Duy, Vietnamese footballer
    • 1986 – Rafael Arévalo, Salvadoran tennis player
    • 1986 – Willem Janssen, Dutch footballer
    • 1986 – Terrance Knighton, American football player
    • 1986 – Marte Elden, Norwegian skier
    • 1987 – Wude Ayalew, Ethiopian runner
    • 1987 – Guram Kashia, Georgian footballer
    • 1988 – Angelique Boyer, French-Mexican actress
    • 1989 – Benjamin Büchel, Liechtensteiner footballer
    • 1990 – Jake Gardiner, American ice hockey player
    • 1990 – Richard Mpong, Ghanaian footballer
    • 1990 – Naoki Yamada, Japanese footballer
    • 1990 – Ihar Yasinski, Belarusian footballer
    • 1992 – Ángel Romero, Paraguayan footballer
    • 1992 – Óscar Romero, Paraguayan footballer
    • 1993 – Tom Barkhuizen, English footballer
    • 1995 – Post Malone, American singer, rapper, songwriter and record producer
    • 1999 – Moa Kikuchi, Japanese musician
    • 2003 – Polina Bogusevich, Russian singer

    Deaths on July 4

    • 673 – Ecgberht, king of Kent
    • 907 – Luitpold, margrave of Bavaria
    • 907 – Dietmar I, archbishop of Salzburg
    • 910 – Luo Shaowei, Chinese warlord (b. 877)
    • 940 – Wang Jianli, Chinese general (b. 871)
    • 943 – Taejo of Goryeo, Korean king (b. 877)
    • 945 – Zhuo Yanming, Chinese Buddhist monk and emperor
    • 965 – Benedict V, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 973 – Ulrich of Augsburg, German bishop and saint (b. 890)
    • 975 – Gwangjong of Goryeo, Korean king (b. 925)
    • 1187 – Raynald of Châtillon, French knight (b. 1125)
    • 1307 – Rudolf I of Bohemia (b. 1281)
    • 1336 – Saint Elizabeth of Portugal (b. 1271)
    • 1429 – Carlo I Tocco, ruler of Epirus (b. 1372)
    • 1533 – John Frith, English priest, writer, and martyr (b. 1503)
    • 1541 – Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish general and explorer (b. 1495)
    • 1546 – Hayreddin Barbarossa, Ottoman admiral (b. 1478)
    • 1551 – Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, English politician (b. 1514)
    • 1603 – Philippe de Monte, Flemish composer and educator (b. 1521)
    • 1623 – William Byrd, English composer (b. c. 1540)
    • 1644 – Brian Twyne, English academic, antiquarian and archivist (b. 1581)
    • 1648 – Antoine Daniel, French missionary and saint, one of the eight Canadian Martyrs (b. 1601)
    • 1742 – Luigi Guido Grandi, Italian monk, mathematician, and engineer (b. 1671)
    • 1754 – Philippe Néricault Destouches, French playwright and author (b. 1680)
    • 1761 – Samuel Richardson, English author and painter (b. 1689)
    • 1780 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (b. 1712)
    • 1787 – Charles, Prince of Soubise, Marshal of France (b. 1715)
    • 1821 – Richard Cosway, English painter and academic (b. 1742)
    • 1826 – John Adams, American lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735)
    • 1826 – Thomas Jefferson, American architect, lawyer, and politician, 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743)
    • 1831 – James Monroe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758)
    • 1848 – François-René de Chateaubriand, French historian and politician (b. 1768)
    • 1850 – William Kirby, English entomologist and author (b. 1759)
    • 1854 – Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German academic and jurist (b. 1781)
    • 1857 – William L. Marcy, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 21st United States Secretary of State (b. 1786)
    • 1881 – Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish philosopher and politician (b. 1806)
    • 1882 – Joseph Brackett, American composer and author (b. 1797)
    • 1886 – Poundmaker, Canadian tribal chief (b. 1797)
    • 1891 – Hannibal Hamlin, American lawyer and politician, 15th Vice President of the United States (b. 1809)
    • 1901 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist and academic (b. 1843)
    • 1902 – Vivekananda, Indian monk and saint (b. 1863)
    • 1905 – Élisée Reclus, French geographer and author (b. 1830)
    • 1910 – Melville Fuller, American lawyer and jurist, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1833)
    • 1910 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer and historian (b. 1835)
    • 1916 – Alan Seeger, American soldier and poet (b. 1888)
    • 1922 – Lothar von Richthofen, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1894)
    • 1926 – Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian activist and saint (b. 1901)
    • 1934 – Marie Curie, French-Polish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
    • 1938 – Otto Bauer, Austrian philosopher and politician, Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1881)
    • 1938 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (b. 1899)
    • 1941 – Antoni Łomnicki, Polish mathematician and academic (b. 1881)
    • 1943 – Władysław Sikorski, Polish general and politician, 9th Prime Minister of the Second Republic of Poland (b. 1881)
    • 1946 – Taffy O’Callaghan, Welsh footballer and coach (b. 1906)
    • 1948 – Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian journalist and author (b. 1882)
    • 1949 – François Brandt, Dutch rower and engineer (b. 1874)
    • 1963 – Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, New Zealand general and politician, 7th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1889)
    • 1963 – Clyde Kennard, American activist and martyr (b. 1927)
    • 1963 – Pingali Venkayya, Indian activist, designed the Flag of India (b. 1876)
    • 1964 – Gaby Morlay, French actress and singer (b. 1893)
    • 1969 – Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (b. 1890)
    • 1970 – Barnett Newman, American painter and illustrator (b. 1905)
    • 1970 – Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, American sailor and businessman (b. 1884)
    • 1971 – August Derleth, American anthologist and author (b. 1909)
    • 1971 – Thomas C. Hart, American admiral and politician (b. 1877)
    • 1974 – Georgette Heyer, English author (b. 1902)
    • 1974 – André Randall, French actor (b. 1892)
    • 1976 – Yonatan Netanyahu, Israeli colonel (b. 1946)
    • 1976 – Antoni Słonimski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1895)
    • 1977 – Gersh Budker, Ukrainian physicist and academic (b. 1918)
    • 1979 – Lee Wai Tong, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1905)
    • 1980 – Maurice Grevisse, Belgian linguist and author (b. 1895)
    • 1984 – Jimmie Spheeris, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949)
    • 1986 – Paul-Gilbert Langevin, French musicologist, critique musical and physicist (b. 1933)
    • 1986 – Flor Peeters, Belgian organist and composer (b. 1903)
    • 1986 – Oscar Zariski, Belarusian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1899)
    • 1988 – Adrian Adonis, American wrestler (b. 1954)
    • 1990 – Olive Ann Burns, American journalist and author (b. 1924)
    • 1991 – Victor Chang, Chinese-Australian surgeon and physician (b. 1936)
    • 1991 – Art Sansom, American cartoonist (b. 1920)
    • 1992 – Astor Piazzolla, Argentinian bandoneon player and composer (b. 1921)
    • 1993 – Bona Arsenault, Canadian historian, genealogist, and politician (b. 1903)
    • 1994 – Joey Marella, American wrestling referee (b. 1964)
    • 1995 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and singer (b. 1919)
    • 1995 – Bob Ross, American painter and television host (b. 1942)
    • 1997 – Charles Kuralt, American journalist (b. 1934)
    • 1997 – John Zachary Young, English zoologist and neurophysiologist (b. 1907)
    • 1999 – Leo Garel, American illustrator and educator (b. 1917)
    • 2000 – Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, Polish journalist and author (b. 1919)
    • 2002 – Gerald Bales, Canadian organist and composer (b. 1919)
    • 2002 – Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., American general (b. 1912)
    • 2003 – Larry Burkett, American author and radio host (b. 1939)
    • 2003 – André Claveau, French singer (b. 1915)
    • 2003 – Barry White, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1944)
    • 2004 – Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss violinist and conductor (b. 1920)
    • 2005 – Cliff Goupille, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1915)
    • 2005 – Hank Stram, American football player and coach (b. 1923)
    • 2007 – Bill Pinkney, American singer (b. 1925)
    • 2008 – Thomas M. Disch, American author and poet (b. 1940)
    • 2008 – Jesse Helms, American politician (b. 1921)
    • 2008 – Evelyn Keyes, American actress (b. 1916)
    • 2008 – Terrence Kiel, American football player (b. 1980)
    • 2008 – Charles Wheeler, German-English soldier and journalist (b. 1923)
    • 2009 – Brenda Joyce, American actress (b. 1917)
    • 2009 – Allen Klein, American businessman and talent agent, founded ABKCO Records (b. 1931)
    • 2009 – Drake Levin, American guitarist (b. 1946)
    • 2009 – Steve McNair, American football player (b. 1973)
    • 2009 – Lasse Strömstedt, Swedish author and actor (b. 1935)
    • 2009 – Jean-Baptiste Tati Loutard, Congolese poet and politician (b. 1938)
    • 2010 – Robert Neil Butler, American physician and author (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Hiren Bhattacharyya, Indian poet and author (b. 1932)
    • 2012 – Jimmy Bivins, American boxer (b. 1919)
    • 2012 – Jeong Min-hyeong, South Korean footballer (b. 1987)
    • 2012 – Eric Sykes, English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – Onllwyn Brace, Welsh rugby player and sportscaster (b. 1932)
    • 2013 – Jack Crompton, English footballer and manager (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – James Fulton, American dermatologist and academic (b. 1940)
    • 2013 – Charles A. Hines, American general (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – Bernie Nolan, Irish singer (b. 1960)
    • 2014 – Giorgio Faletti, Italian author, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1950)
    • 2014 – C. J. Henderson, American author and critic (b. 1951)
    • 2014 – Earl Robinson, American baseball player (b. 1936)
    • 2014 – Richard Mellon Scaife, American businessman (b. 1932)
    • 2015 – Nedelcho Beronov, Bulgarian judge and politician (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – William Conrad Gibbons, American historian, author, and academic (b. 1926)
    • 2016 – Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, and photographer (b. 1940)
    • 2017 – John Blackwell, American R&B, funk, and jazz drummer (b. 1973)
    • 2017 – Daniil Granin, Soviet and Russian author (b. 1919)
    • 2018 – Henri Dirickx, Belgian footballer (b. 1927)
    • 2018 – Robby Müller, Dutch cinematographer (b. 1940)

    Holidays and observances on July 4

    • Christian feast day:
      • Andrew of Crete
      • Bertha of Artois
      • Blessed Catherine Jarrige
      • Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati
      • Elizabeth of Aragon (or of Portugal)
      • Oda of Canterbury
      • Ulrich of Augsburg
      • July 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Birthday of Queen Sonja (Norway)
    • The first evening of Dree Festival, celebrated until July 7 (Apatani people, Arunachal Pradesh, India)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the Declaration of Independence of the United States from Great Britain in 1776. (United States and its dependencies)
    • Liberation Day (Northern Mariana Islands)
    • Liberation Day (Rwanda)
    • Republic Day (Philippines)

  • June 21 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    This day usually marks the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, which is the day of the year with the most hours of daylight in the Northern Hemisphere and the fewest hours of daylight in the Southern Hemisphere.

    June 21 in History

    • 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
    • 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong of the Yuan.
    • 1529 – French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac.
    • 1582 – Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese daimyōs, is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide.
    • 1621 – Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain.
    • 1734 – In Montreal in New France, a slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city.
    • 1749 – Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded.
    • 1768 – James Otis Jr. offends the King and Parliament in a speech to the Massachusetts General Court.
    • 1788 – New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
    • 1791 – King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes during the French Revolution.
    • 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at the Battle of Vinegar Hill.
    • 1813 – Peninsular War: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria.
    • 1824 – Greek War of Independence: Egyptian forces capture Psara in the Aegean Sea.
    • 1826 – Maniots defeat Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Vergas.
    • 1848 – In the Wallachian Revolution, Ion Heliade Rădulescu and Christian Tell issue the Proclamation of Islaz and create a new republican government.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road begins.
    • 1898 – The United States captures Guam from Spain. The few warning shots fired by the U.S. naval vessels are misinterpreted as salutes by the Spanish garrison, which was unaware that the two nations were at war.
    • 1900 – Boxer Rebellion. China formally declares war on the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, as an edict issued from the Empress Dowager Cixi.
    • 1915 – The U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision in Guinn v. United States 238 US 347 1915, striking down Oklahoma grandfather clause legislation which had the effect of denying the right to vote to blacks.
    • 1919 – The Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the Winnipeg general strike.
    • 1919 – Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet at Scapa Flow, Orkney. The nine sailors killed are the last casualties of World War I.
    • 1929 – An agreement brokered by U.S. Ambassador Dwight Whitney Morrow ends the Cristero War in Mexico.
    • 1930 – One-year conscription comes into force in France.
    • 1940 – World War II: Italy begins an unsuccessful invasion of France.
    • 1942 – World War II: Tobruk falls to Italian and German forces.
    • 1942 – World War II: A Japanese submarine surfaces near the Columbia River in Oregon, firing 17 shells at Fort Stevens in one of only a handful of attacks by Japan against the United States mainland.
    • 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Okinawa ends when the organized resistance of Imperial Japanese Army forces collapses in the Mabuni area on the southern tip of the main island.
    • 1952 – The Philippine School of Commerce, through a republic act, is converted to Philippine College of Commerce, later to be the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
    • 1957 – Ellen Fairclough is sworn in as Canada’s first female Cabinet Minister.
    • 1963 – Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini is elected as Pope Paul VI.
    • 1964 – Three civil rights workers, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner, are murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi, United States, by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
    • 1970 – Penn Central declares Section 77 bankruptcy in what was the largest U.S. corporate bankruptcy to date.
    • 1973 – In its decision in Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15, the Supreme Court of the United States establishes the Miller test for determining whether something is obscene and not protected speech under the U.S. constitution.
    • 1978 – The original production of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical, Evita, based on the life of Eva Perón, opens at the Prince Edward Theatre, London.
    • 1982 – John Hinckley is found not guilty by reason of insanity for the attempted assassination of U.S. President Ronald Reagan.
    • 1989 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397, that American flag-burning is a form of political protest protected by the First Amendment.
    • 2000 – Section 28 (of the Local Government Act 1988), outlawing the ‘promotion’ of homosexuality in the United Kingdom, is repealed in Scotland with a 99 to 17 vote.
    • 2001 – A federal grand jury in Alexandria, Virginia, indicts 13 Saudis and a Lebanese in the 1996 bombing of the Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia that killed 19 American servicemen.
    • 2004 – SpaceShipOne becomes the first privately funded spaceplane to achieve spaceflight.
    • 2005 – Edgar Ray Killen, who had previously been unsuccessfully tried for the murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Mickey Schwerner, is convicted of manslaughter 41 years afterwards (the case had been reopened in 2004).
    • 2006 – Pluto’s newly discovered moons are officially named Nix and Hydra.
    • 2009 – Greenland assumes self-rule.
    • 2012 – A boat carrying more than 200 migrants capsizes in the Indian Ocean between the Indonesian island of Java and Christmas Island, killing 17 people and leaving 70 others missing.

    Births on June 21

    • 598 – Pope Martin I (d. 656)
    • 906 – Abu Ja’far Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Saffarid emir (d. 963)
    • 1002 – Pope Leo IX (d. 1054)
    • 1226 – Bolesław V the Chaste of Poland (d. 1279)
    • 1521 – John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (d. 1580)
    • 1528 – Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1603)
    • 1535 – Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician and botanist (d. 1596)
    • 1630 – Samuel Oppenheimer, German Jewish banker and diplomat (d. 1703)
    • 1636 – Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d’Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, French noble (d. 1721)
    • 1639 – Increase Mather, American minister and author (d. 1723)
    • 1676 – Anthony Collins, English philosopher and author (d. 1729)
    • 1706 – John Dollond, English optician and astronomer (d. 1761)
    • 1710 – James Short, Scottish-English mathematician and optician (d. 1768)
    • 1712 – Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (d. 1790)
    • 1730 – Motoori Norinaga, Japanese poet and scholar (d. 1801)
    • 1732 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German pianist and composer (d. 1791)
    • 1736 – Enoch Poor, American general (d. 1780)
    • 1741 – Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais (d. 1808)
    • 1750 – Pierre-Nicolas Beauvallet, French sculptor and illustrator (d. 1818)
    • 1759 – Alexander J. Dallas, American lawyer and politician, 6th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1817)
    • 1763 – Pierre Paul Royer-Collard, French philosopher and academic (d. 1845)
    • 1764 – Sidney Smith, English admiral and politician (d. 1840)
    • 1774 – Daniel D. Tompkins, American lawyer and politician, 6th Vice President of the United States (d. 1825)
    • 1781 – Siméon Denis Poisson, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1840)
    • 1786 – Charles Edward Horn, English singer-songwriter (d. 1849)
    • 1792 – Ferdinand Christian Baur, German theologian and scholar (d. 1860)
    • 1797 – Wilhelm Küchelbecker, Russian poet and author (d. 1846)
    • 1802 – Karl Zittel, German theologian (d. 1871)
    • 1805 – Karl Friedrich Curschmann, German composer and singer (d. 1841)
    • 1805 – Charles Thomas Jackson, American physician and geologist (d. 1880)
    • 1811 – Carlo Matteucci, Italian physicist and neurophysiologist (d. 1868)
    • 1814 – Anton Nuhn, German anatomist and academic (d. 1889)
    • 1823 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (d. 1873)
    • 1825 – Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie, Irish economist and jurist (d. 1882)
    • 1825 – William Stubbs, English bishop and historian (d. 1901)
    • 1828 – Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist and academic (d. 1904)
    • 1828 – Nikolaus Nilles, German Catholic writer and teacher (d. 1907)
    • 1834 – Frans de Cort, Flemish poet and author (d. 1878)
    • 1836 – Luigi Tripepi, Italian theologian (d. 1906)
    • 1839 – Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1908)
    • 1845 – Samuel Griffith, Welsh-Australian politician, 9th Premier of Queensland (d. 1920)
    • 1845 – Arthur Cowper Ranyard, English astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1894)
    • 1846 – Marion Adams-Acton, Scottish-English author and playwright (d. 1928)
    • 1846 – Enrico Coleman, Italian painter (d. 1911)
    • 1850 – Daniel Carter Beard, American author and illustrator, co-founded the Boy Scouts of America (d. 1941)
    • 1858 – Giuseppe De Sanctis, Italian painter (d. 1924)
    • 1858 – Medardo Rosso, Italian sculptor and educator (d. 1928)
    • 1859 – Henry Ossawa Tanner, American-French painter and illustrator (d. 1937)
    • 1862 – Damrong Rajanubhab, Thai historian and author (d. 1943)
    • 1863 – Max Wolf, German astronomer and academic (d. 1932)
    • 1864 – Heinrich Wölfflin, Swiss historian and critic (d. 1945)
    • 1867 – Oscar Florianus Bluemner, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1938)
    • 1867 – William Brede Kristensen, Norwegian historian of religion (d. 1953)
    • 1868 – Edwin Stephen Goodrich, English zoologist and anatomist (d. 1946)
    • 1870 – Clara Immerwahr, Jewish-German chemist and academic (d. 1915)
    • 1870 – Anthony Michell, English-Australian engineer (d. 1959)
    • 1870 – Julio Ruelas, Mexican painter (d. 1907)
    • 1876 – Swami Kalyan Dev, philosopher  (d. 2004)
    • 1876 – Willem Hendrik Keesom, Dutch physicist and academic (d. 1956)
    • 1880 – Arnold Gesell, American psychologist and pediatrician (d. 1961)
    • 1880 – Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp, English economist and civil servant (d. 1941)
    • 1881 – (O.S.) Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter, costume designer, and illustrator (d. 1962)
    • 1882 – Lluís Companys, Spanish lawyer and politician, 123rd President of Catalonia (d. 1940)
    • 1882 – Adrianus de Jong, Dutch fencer and soldier (d. 1966)
    • 1882 – Rockwell Kent, American painter and illustrator (d. 1971)
    • 1883 – Feodor Gladkov, Russian author and educator (d. 1958)
    • 1884 – Claude Auchinleck, English field marshal (d. 1981)
    • 1887 – Norman L. Bowen, Canadian geologist and petrologist (d. 1956)
    • 1889 – Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (d. 1972)
    • 1891 – Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian architect and engineer, co-designed the Pirelli Tower and Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption (d. 1979)
    • 1891 – Hermann Scherchen, German-Swiss viola player and conductor (d. 1966)
    • 1892 – Reinhold Niebuhr, American theologian and academic (d. 1971)
    • 1893 – Alois Hába, Czech composer and educator (d. 1973)
    • 1894 – Milward Kennedy, English journalist and civil servant (d. 1968)
    • 1896 – Charles Momsen, American admiral, invented the Momsen lung (d. 1967)
    • 1898 – Donald C. Peattie, American botanist and author (d. 1964)
    • 1899 – Pavel Haas, Czech composer (d. 1944)
    • 1903 – Hermann Engelhard, German runner and coach (d. 1984)
    • 1903 – Al Hirschfeld, American caricaturist, painter and illustrator (d. 2003)
    • 1905 – Jacques Goddet, French journalist (d. 2000)
    • 1905 – Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and author (d. 1980)
    • 1908 – William Frankena, American philosopher and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1910 – Aleksandr Tvardovsky, Russian poet and author (d. 1971)
    • 1911 – Irving Fein, American producer and manager (d. 2012)
    • 1912 – Kazimierz Leski, Polish pilot and engineer (d. 2000)
    • 1912 – Mary McCarthy, American novelist and critic (d. 1989)
    • 1912 – Vishnu Prabhakar, Indian author and playwright (d. 2009)
    • 1913 – Madihe Pannaseeha Thero, Sri Lankan monk and scholar (d. 2003)
    • 1913 – Luis Taruc, Filipino political activist (d. 2005)
    • 1914 – William Vickrey, Canadian-American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
    • 1915 – Wilhelm Gliese, German soldier and astronomer (d. 1993)
    • 1916 – Joseph Cyril Bamford, English businessman, founded J. C. Bamford (d. 2001)
    • 1916 – Tchan Fou-li, Chinese photographer (d. 2018)
    • 1916 – Herbert Friedman, American physicist and astronomer (d. 2000)
    • 1916 – Buddy O’Connor, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1977)
    • 1918 – Robert A. Boyd, Canadian engineer (d. 2006)
    • 1918 – James Joll, English historian, author, and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1918 – Eddie Lopat, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1992)
    • 1918 – Dee Molenaar, American mountaineer (d. 2020)
    • 1918 – Robert Roosa, American economist and banker (d. 1993)
    • 1918 – Tibor Szele, Hungarian mathematician and academic (d. 1955)
    • 1918 – Josephine Webb, American engineer
    • 1919 – Antonia Mesina, Italian martyr and saint (d. 1935)
    • 1919 – Gérard Pelletier, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1997)
    • 1919 – Vladimir Simagin, Russian chess player and coach (d. 1968)
    • 1919 – Paolo Soleri, Italian-American architect, designed the Cosanti (d. 2013)
    • 1920 – Hans Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater (d. 2017)
    • 1921 – Judy Holliday, American actress and singer (d. 1965)
    • 1921 – Jane Russell, American actress and singer (d. 2011)
    • 1921 – William Edwin Self, American actor, producer, and production manager (d. 2010)
    • 1922 – Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Burkinabé historian, politician and writer (d. 2006)
    • 1923 – Jacques Hébert, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1924 – Pontus Hultén, Swedish art collector and historian (d. 2006)
    • 1924 – Ezzatolah Entezami, Iranian actor (d. 2018)
    • 1924 – Wally Fawkes, British-Canadian jazz clarinetist and a satirical cartoonist
    • 1924 – Jean Laplanche, French psychoanalyst and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1925 – Larisa Avdeyeva, Russian mezzo-soprano (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Stanley Moss, American poet, publisher, and art dealer
    • 1925 – Giovanni Spadolini, Italian journalist and politician, 45th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1994)
    • 1925 – Maureen Stapleton, American actress (d. 2006)
    • 1926 – Fred Cone, American football player
    • 1926 – Conrad Hall, French-American cinematographer (d. 2003)
    • 1927 – Carl Stokes, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Seychelles (d. 1996)
    • 1928 – Wolfgang Haken, German-American mathematician and academic
    • 1928 – Fiorella Mari, Brazilian-Italian actress
    • 1928 – Margit Bara, Hungarian actress (d. 2016)
    • 1929 – Alexandre Lagoya, Egyptian-Greek guitarist and composer (d. 1999)
    • 1930 – Gerald Kaufman, English journalist and politician, Shadow Foreign Secretary (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Mike McCormack, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Zlatko Grgić, Croatian-Canadian animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 1988)
    • 1931 – Margaret Heckler, American journalist, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
    • 1931 – David Kushnir, Israeli Olympic long-jumper
    • 1932 – Bernard Ingham, English journalist and civil servant
    • 1932 – Lalo Schifrin, Argentinian pianist, composer, and conductor
    • 1932 – O.C. Smith, American R&B/jazz singer (d. 2001)
    • 1933 – Bernie Kopell, American actor and comedian
    • 1935 – Françoise Sagan, French author and playwright (d. 2004)
    • 1937 – John Edrich, English cricketer and coach
    • 1938 – Don Black, English songwriter
    • 1938 – John W. Dower, American historian and author
    • 1938 – Michael M. Richter, German mathematician and computer scientist
    • 1940 – Mariette Hartley, American actress and television personality
    • 1940 – Michael Ruse, Canadian philosopher and academic
    • 1941 – Aloysius Paul D’Souza, Indian bishop
    • 1941 – Joe Flaherty, American-Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1941 – Lyman Ward, Canadian actor
    • 1942 – Clive Brooke, Baron Brooke of Alverthorpe, English businessman and politician
    • 1942 – Marjorie Margolies, American journalist and politician
    • 1942 – Henry S. Taylor, American author and poet
    • 1942 – Togo D. West, Jr., American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs
    • 1943 – Eumir Deodato, Brazilian pianist, composer, and producer
    • 1943 – Diane Marleau, Canadian accountant and politician, Canadian Minister of Health (d. 2013)
    • 1943 – Brian Sternberg, American pole vaulter (d. 2013)
    • 1944 – Ray Davies, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1944 – Tony Scott, English-American director and producer (d. 2012)
    • 1945 – Robert Dewar, English-American computer scientist and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1945 – Adam Zagajewski, Polish author and poet
    • 1946 – Per Eklund, Swedish race car driver
    • 1946 – Kate Hoey, Northern Irish-British academic and politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics
    • 1946 – Brenda Holloway, American singer-songwriter
    • 1946 – Trond Kirkvaag, Norwegian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
    • 1946 – Malcolm Rifkind, Scottish lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
    • 1946 – Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi, Iraqi-British businessman, founded M&C Saatchi and Saatchi & Saatchi
    • 1947 – Meredith Baxter, American actress
    • 1947 – Shirin Ebadi, Iranian lawyer, judge, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1947 – Michael Gross, American actor
    • 1947 – Joey Molland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1947 – Wade Phillips, American football coach
    • 1947 – Fernando Savater, Spanish philosopher and author
    • 1948 – Jovan Aćimović, Serbian footballer and manager
    • 1948 – Ian McEwan, British novelist and screenwriter
    • 1948 – Andrzej Sapkowski, Polish author and translator
    • 1948 – Philippe Sarde, French composer and conductor
    • 1949 – John Agard, Guyanese-English author, poet, and playwright
    • 1949 – Derek Emslie, Lord Kingarth, Scottish lawyer and judge
    • 1950 – Anne Carson, Canadian poet and academic
    • 1950 – Joey Kramer, American rock drummer and songwriter (Aerosmith)
    • 1950 – Enn Reitel, Scottish actor and screenwriter
    • 1950 – Trygve Thue, Norwegian guitarist and record producer
    • 1950 – John Paul Young, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter
    • 1951 – Jim Douglas, American academic and politician, 80th Governor of Vermont
    • 1951 – Terence Etherton, English lawyer and judge
    • 1951 – Alan Hudson, English footballer
    • 1951 – Nils Lofgren, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1951 – Lenore Manderson, Australian anthropologist and academic
    • 1951 – Mona-Lisa Pursiainen, Finnish sprinter (d. 2000)
    • 1952 – Judith Bingham, English singer-songwriter
    • 1952 – Jeremy Coney, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1952 – Patrick Dunleavy, English political scientist and academic
    • 1952 – Kōichi Mashimo, Japanese director and screenwriter
    • 1953 – Benazir Bhutto, Pakistani financier and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2007)
    • 1954 – Már Guðmundsson, Icelandic economist, former Governor of Central Bank of Iceland
    • 1954 – Mark Kimmitt, American general and politician, 16th Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
    • 1954 – Robert Menasse, Austrian author and academic
    • 1955 – Tim Bray, Canadian software developer and businessman
    • 1955 – Michel Platini, French footballer and manager
    • 1956 – Rick Sutcliffe, American baseball player and broadcaster
    • 1957 – Berkeley Breathed, American author and illustrator
    • 1957 – Luis Antonio Tagle, Filipino cardinal
    • 1958 – Víctor Montoya, Bolivian journalist and author
    • 1958 – Gennady Padalka, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1959 – John Baron, English captain and politician
    • 1959 – Tom Chambers, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1959 – Marcella Detroit, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1959 – Kathy Mattea, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1960 – Kate Brown, American politician, 38th Governor of Oregon
    • 1960 – Karl Erjavec, Slovenian politician
    • 1961 – Manu Chao, French singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1961 – Sascha Konietzko, German keyboard player and producer
    • 1961 – Joko Widodo, Indonesian businessman and politician, 7th President of Indonesia
    • 1961 – Kip Winger, American rock singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1961 – Iztok Mlakar, Slovenian actor and singer-songwriter
    • 1962 – Shōhei Takada, Japanese shogi player and theoretician
    • 1962 – Viktor Tsoi, Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1990)
    • 1963 – Dario Marianelli, Italian pianist and composer
    • 1963 – Mike Sherrard, American football player
    • 1964 – David Morrissey, English actor and director
    • 1964 – Dimitris Papaioannou, Greek director and choreographer
    • 1964 – Dean Saunders, Welsh footballer and manager
    • 1964 – Doug Savant, American actor
    • 1965 – David Beerling, English biologist and academic
    • 1965 – Yang Liwei, Chinese general, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1965 – Ewen McKenzie, Australian rugby player and coach
    • 1965 – Lana Wachowski, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1966 – Gretchen Carlson, American model and television journalist, Miss America 1989
    • 1967 – Jim Breuer, American comedian, actor, and producer
    • 1967 – Derrick Coleman, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Pierre Omidyar, French-American businessman, founded eBay
    • 1967 – Carrie Preston, American actress, director, and producer
    • 1967 – Yingluck Shinawatra, Thai businesswoman and politician, 28th Prime Minister of Thailand
    • 1968 – Sonique, English singer-songwriter and DJ
    • 1970 – Eric Reed, American pianist and composer
    • 1971 – Tyronne Drakeford, American football player
    • 1972 – Nobuharu Asahara, Japanese sprinter and long jumper
    • 1972 – Neil Doak, Northern Irish cricketer and rugby player
    • 1972 – Irene van Dyk, South African-New Zealand netball player
    • 1973 – Juliette Lewis, American actress and singer-songwriter
    • 1973 – John Mitchell, English guitarist, vocalist and songwriter
    • 1974 – Rob Kelly, American football player
    • 1974 – Craig Lowndes, Australian race car driver
    • 1974 – Flavio Roma, Italian footballer
    • 1975 – Brian Simmons, American football player
    • 1976 – Shelley Craft, Australian television host
    • 1976 – Mike Einziger, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1976 – Nigel Lappin, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1977 – Michael Gomez, Irish boxer
    • 1977 – Al Wilson, American football player
    • 1978 – Thomas Blondeau, Flemish writer (d. 2013)
    • 1978 – Matt Kuchar, American golfer
    • 1978 – Cristiano Lupatelli, Italian footballer
    • 1978 – Gervase Markham, British software engineer (d. 2018)
    • 1978 – Dejan Ognjanović, Montenegrin footballer
    • 1978 – Rim’K, French rapper
    • 1979 – Kostas Katsouranis, Greek footballer
    • 1979 – Chris Pratt, American actor
    • 1980 – Michael Crocker, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
    • 1980 – Łukasz Cyborowski, Polish chess player
    • 1980 – Richard Jefferson, American basketball player
    • 1980 – Sendy Rleal, Dominican baseball player
    • 1981 – Yann Danis, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1981 – Garrett Jones, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Brandon Flowers, American singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Brad Walker, American pole vaulter
    • 1982 – Lee Dae-ho, South Korean baseball player
    • 1982 – Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
    • 1982 – Jussie Smollett, American actor and singer
    • 1983 – Edward Snowden, American activist and academic
    • 1985 – Lana Del Rey, American singer-songwriter
    • 1985 – Sentayehu Ejigu, Ethiopian runner
    • 1985 – Byron Schammer, Australian footballer
    • 1986 – Kathleen O’Kelly-Kennedy, Australian wheelchair basketball player
    • 1986 – Hideaki Wakui, Japanese baseball player
    • 1987 – Pablo Barrera, Mexican footballer
    • 1987 – Sebastian Prödl, Austrian footballer
    • 1987 – Dale Thomas, Australian footballer
    • 1988 – Allyssa DeHaan, American basketball and volleyball player
    • 1988 – Paolo Tornaghi, Italian footballer
    • 1988 – Thaddeus Young, American basketball player
    • 1989 – Abubaker Kaki, Sudanese runner
    • 1990 – Ričardas Berankis, Lithuanian tennis player
    • 1990 – Lunar C, English rapper
    • 1990 – François Moubandje, Swiss footballer
    • 1990 – Håvard Nordtveit, Norwegian footballer
    • 1991 – Gaël Kakuta, French footballer
    • 1992 – MAX, American singer, songwriter, actor, dancer and model
    • 1994 – Başak Eraydın, Turkish tennis player
    • 1996 – Tyrone May, Australian rugby league player
    • 1997 – Rebecca Black, American singer-songwriter
    • 1997 – Derrius Guice, American football player
    • 2011 – Lil Bub, American celebrity cat

    Deaths on June 21

    • 532 – Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei, former Northern Wei emperor
    • 866 – Rodulf, Frankish archbishop
    • 868 – Ali al-Hadi, the tenth Imam of Shia Islam (b. 829)
    • 870 – Al-Muhtadi, Muslim caliph
    • 947 – Zhang Li, official of the Liao Dynasty
    • 1040 – Fulk III, Count of Anjou (b. 972)
    • 1171 – Walter de Luci, French-English monk (b. 1103)
    • 1208 – Philip of Swabia (b. 1177)
    • 1305 – Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (b. 1271)
    • 1359 – Erik Magnusson, king of Sweden (b. 1339)
    • 1377 – Edward III of England (b. 1312)
    • 1421 – Jean Le Maingre, French general (b. 1366)
    • 1527 – Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian historian and author (b. 1469)
    • 1529 – John Skelton, English poet and educator (b. 1460)
    • 1547 – Sebastiano del Piombo, Italian painter and educator (b. 1485)
    • 1558 – Piero Strozzi, Italian general (b. 1510)
    • 1582 – Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (b. 1534)
    • 1585 – Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (b. 1532)
    • 1591 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint (b. 1568)
    • 1596 – Jean Liebault, French agronomist and physician (b. 1535)
    • 1621 – Louis III, Cardinal of Guise (b. 1575)
    • 1621 – Kryštof Harant, Czech soldier and composer (b. 1564)
    • 1622 – Salomon Schweigger, German theologian (b. 1551)
    • 1631 – John Smith, English admiral and explorer (b. 1580)
    • 1652 – Inigo Jones, English architect, designed the Queen’s House and Wilton House (b. 1573)
    • 1661 – Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter (b. 1599)
    • 1737 – Matthieu Marais, French author, critic, and jurist (b. 1664)
    • 1738 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1674)
    • 1796 – Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (b. 1710)
    • 1824 – Étienne Aignan, French playwright and translator (b. 1773)
    • 1865 – Frances Adeline Seward, American wife of William H. Seward (b. 1824)
    • 1874 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist and astronomer (b. 1814)
    • 1876 – Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and politician 8th President of Mexico (b. 1794)
    • 1880 – Theophilus H. Holmes, American general (b. 1804)
    • 1893 – Leland Stanford, American businessman and politician, 8th Governor of California (b. 1824)
    • 1908 – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer and educator (b. 1844)
    • 1914 – Bertha von Suttner, Austrian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1843)
    • 1929 – Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, English sociologist, journalist, and academic (b. 1864)
    • 1934 – Thorne Smith, American author (b. 1892)
    • 1940 – Smedley Butler, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1881)
    • 1940 – Édouard Vuillard, French painter (b. 1868)
    • 1951 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American astronomer (b. 1867)
    • 1951 – Gustave Sandras, French gymnast (b. 1872)
    • 1952 – Wop May, Canadian captain and pilot (b. 1896)
    • 1954 – Gideon Sundback, Swedish-American engineer, developed the zipper (b. 1880)
    • 1957 – Claude Farrère, French captain and author (b. 1876)
    • 1957 – Johannes Stark, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1874)
    • 1964 – James Chaney, American civil rights activist (b. 1943)
    • 1964 – Andrew Goodman, American civil rights activist (b. 1943)
    • 1964 – Michael Schwerner, American civil rights activist (b. 1939)
    • 1967 – Theodore Sizer, American professor of the history of art (b. 1892)
    • 1969 – Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (b. 1934)
    • 1970 – Sukarno, Indonesian engineer and politician, 1st President of Indonesia (b. 1901)
    • 1970 – Piers Courage, English race car driver (b. 1942)
    • 1976 – Margaret Herrick, American librarian (b. 1902)
    • 1980 – Bert Kaempfert, German conductor and composer (b. 1923)
    • 1981 – Don Figlozzi, American illustrator and animator (b. 1909)
    • 1985 – Hector Boyardee, Italian-American chef and businessman, founded Chef Boyardee (b. 1897)
    • 1985 – Tage Erlander, Swedish lieutenant and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1901)
    • 1986 – Assi Rahbani, Lebanese singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1923)
    • 1987 – Madman Muntz, American engineer and businessman, founded the Muntz Car Company (b. 1914)
    • 1988 – Bobby Dodd, American football coach (b. 1908)
    • 1990 – Cedric Belfrage, English journalist and author, co-founded the National Guardian (b. 1904)
    • 1990 – June Christy, American singer (b. 1925)
    • 1992 – Ben Alexander, Australian rugby league player (b. 1971)
    • 1992 – Arthur Gorrie, Australian hobby shop proprietor (b. 1922)
    • 1992 – Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah, Bangladeshi poet, author, and playwright (b. 1956)
    • 1992 – Li Xiannian, Chinese captain and politician, 3rd President of the People’s Republic of China (b. 1909)
    • 1994 – William Wilson Morgan, American astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1906)
    • 1997 – Shintaro Katsu, Japanese actor, singer, director, and producer (b. 1931)
    • 1997 – Fidel Velázquez Sánchez, Mexican trade union leader (b. 1900)
    • 1998 – Harry Cranbrook Allen, English historian (b. 1917)
    • 1998 – Anastasio Ballestrero, Italian cardinal (b. 1913)
    • 1998 – Al Campanis, American baseball player and manager (b. 1916)
    • 1999 – Kami, Japanese drummer (b. 1973)
    • 2000 – Alan Hovhaness, Armenian-American pianist and composer (b. 1911)
    • 2001 – John Lee Hooker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1917)
    • 2001 – Soad Hosny, Egyptian actress and singer (b. 1942)
    • 2001 – Carroll O’Connor, American actor and producer (b. 1924)
    • 2002 – Timothy Findley, Canadian author and playwright (b. 1930)
    • 2003 – Roger Neilson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1934)
    • 2003 – Leon Uris, American soldier and author (b. 1924)
    • 2004 – Leonel Brizola, Brazilian engineer and politician, Governor of Rio de Janeiro (b. 1922)
    • 2004 – Ruth Leach Amonette, American businesswoman (b. 1916)
    • 2005 – Jaime Sin, Filipino cardinal (b. 1928)
    • 2006 – Jared C. Monti, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1975)
    • 2007 – Bob Evans, American businessman, founded Bob Evans Restaurants (b. 1918)
    • 2008 – Scott Kalitta, American race car driver (b. 1962)
    • 2010 – Russell Ash, English author (b. 1946)
    • 2010 – Irwin Barker, Canadian actor and screenwriter (b. 1956)
    • 2010 – İlhan Selçuk, Turkish lawyer, journalist, and author (b. 1925)
    • 2011 – Robert Kroetsch, Canadian author and poet (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Richard Adler, American composer and producer (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Abid Hussain, Indian economist and diplomat, Indian Ambassador to the United States (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – Sunil Janah, Indian photographer and journalist (b. 1918)
    • 2012 – Anna Schwartz, American economist and author (b. 1915)
    • 2013 – James P. Gordon, American physicist and academic (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Elliott Reid, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1920)
    • 2014 – Yozo Ishikawa, Japanese politician, Japanese Minister of Defense (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Walter Kieber, Austrian-Liechtenstein politician, 7th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Wong Ho Leng, Malaysian lawyer and politician (b. 1959)
    • 2015 – Darryl Hamilton, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1964)
    • 2015 – Veijo Meri, Finnish author and poet (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Remo Remotti, Italian actor, playwright, and poet (b. 1924)
    • 2015 – Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski, German soldier and politician (b. 1932)
    • 2015 – Gunther Schuller, American horn player, composer, and conductor (b. 1925)
    • 2016 – Pierre Lalonde, Canadian television host and singer (b. 1941)
    • 2018 – Charles Krauthammer, American columnist and conservative political commentator (b.1950)

    Holidays and observances on June 21

    • Christian feast day:
      • Alban of Mainz
      • Aloysius Gonzaga
      • Engelmund of Velsen
      • Martin of Tongres
      • Onesimos Nesib (Lutheran)
      • June 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of the Martyrs (Togo)
    • Father’s Day (Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Uganda, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates)
    • Go Skateboarding Day
    • International Yoga Day (international)
    • National Aboriginal Day (Canada)
    • Solstice-related observances (see also June 20):
      • Day of Private Reflection
      • International Surfing Day
      • National Day (Greenland)
      • We Tripantu, a winter solstice festival in the southern hemisphere. (Mapuche, southern Chile)
      • Willkakuti, an Andean-Amazonic New Year (Aymara)
      • Fête de la Musique
    • World Humanist Day (Humanism)
    • World Hydrography Day (international)
  • |

    May 31- History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
    • 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus’ and Cumans.
    • 1293 – Mongol invasion of Java was a punitive expedition against King Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with failure for the Mongols. Regarded as establish City of Surabaya
    • 1578 – King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris, France.
    • 1669 – Citing poor eyesight as a reason, Samuel Pepys records the last event in his diary.
    • 1775 – American Revolution: The Mecklenburg Resolves are adopted in the Province of North Carolina.
    • 1790 – Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
    • 1790 – The United States enacts its first copyright statute, the Copyright Act of 1790.
    • 1795 – French Revolution: The Revolutionary Tribunal is suppressed.
    • 1805 – French and Spanish forces begin the assault against British forces occupying Diamond Rock.
    • 1813 – In Australia, William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth reach Mount Blaxland, effectively marking the end of a route across the Blue Mountains.
    • 1859 – The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament, which houses Big Ben, starts keeping time.
    • 1862 – American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign: Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston and G.W. Smith engage Union forces under George B. McClellan outside Richmond, Virginia.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Overland Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor: The Army of Northern Virginia engages the Army of the Potomac.
    • 1879 – Gilmore’s Garden in New York City is renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry Vanderbilt and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison Avenue.
    • 1884 – The arrival at Plymouth of Tāwhiao, King of Maoris, to claim the protection of Queen Victoria.
    • 1889 – Johnstown Flood: Over 2,200 people die after a dam fails and sends a 60-foot (18-meter) wall of water over the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
    • 1902 – Second Boer War: The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the war and ensures British control of South Africa.
    • 1909 – The National Negro Committee, forerunner to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), convenes for the first time.
    • 1910 – The South Africa Act comes into force, establishing the Union of South Africa.
    • 1911 – The RMS Titanic is launched in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
    • 1911 – The President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz flees the country during the Mexican Revolution.
    • 1916 – World War I: Battle of Jutland: The British Grand Fleet engages the High Seas Fleet in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive.
    • 1921 – The Tulsa race massacre kills at least 39, but other estimates of black fatalities vary from 55 to about 300.
    • 1935 – A 7.7 Mw  earthquake destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan killing 40,000.
    • 1941 – Anglo-Iraqi War: The United Kingdom completes the re-occupation of Iraq and returns ‘Abd al-Ilah to power as regent for Faisal II.
    • 1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Navy midget submarines begin a series of attacks on Sydney, Australia.
    • 1947 – Ferenc Nagy, the democratically elected Prime Minister of Hungary, resigns from office after blackmail from the Hungarian Communist Party accusing him of being part of a plot against the state. This grants the Communists effective control of the Hungarian government.
    • 1961 – The South African Constitution of 1961 becomes effective, thus creating the Republic of South Africa, which remains outside the Commonwealth of Nations until 1 June 1994, when South Africa is returned to Commonwealth membership.
    • 1961 – In Moscow City Court, the Rokotov–Faibishenko show trial begins, despite the Khrushchev Thaw to reverse Stalinist elements in Soviet society.
    • 1962 – The West Indies Federation dissolves.
    • 1970 – The 7.9 Mw  Ancash earthquake shakes Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) and a landslide buries the town of Yungay, Peru. Between 66,794–70,000 were killed and 50,000 were injured.
    • 1971 – In accordance with the Uniform Monday Holiday Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1968, observation of Memorial Day occurs on the last Monday in May for the first time, rather than on the traditional Memorial Day of May 30.
    • 1973 – The United States Senate votes to cut off funding for the bombing of Khmer Rouge targets within Cambodia, hastening the end of the Cambodian Civil War.
    • 1977 – The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System is completed.
    • 1985 – United States–Canada tornado outbreak: Forty-one tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Ontario, leaving 76 dead.
    • 1991 – Bicesse Accords in Angola lay out a transition to multi-party democracy under the supervision of the United Nations’ UNAVEM II mission.
    • 2005 – Vanity Fair reveals that Mark Felt was “Deep Throat”.
    • 2008 – Usain Bolt breaks the world record in the 100m sprint, with a wind-legal (+1.7 m/s) 9.72 seconds
    • 2010 – Israeli Shayetet 13 commandos boarded the Gaza Freedom Flotilla while still in international waters trying to break the ongoing blockade of the Gaza Strip; nine Turkish citizens on the flotilla were killed in the ensuing violent affray.
    • 2013 – The asteroid 1998 QE2 and its moon make their closest approach to Earth for the next two centuries.
    • 2013 – A record breaking 2.6 mile wide tornado strikes El Reno, Oklahoma, United States, causing eight fatalities and over 150 injuries.
    • 2017 – A car bomb explodes in a crowded intersection in Kabul near the German embassy during rush hour, killing over 90 and injuring 463.
    • 2017 – U.S. President Donald Trump tweets the word “covfefe” and quickly becomes a worldwide viral phenomenon.
    • 2019 – A shooting occurs inside a municipal building at Virginia Beach, Virginia, leaving 13 people dead, including the shooter, and four others injured.

    Births on May 31

    • 1443 (or 1441) – Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby (d. 1509)
    • 1462 – Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1504)
    • 1469 – Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521)
    • 1535 – Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (d. 1607)
    • 1556 – Jerzy Radziwiłł, Catholic cardinal (d. 1600)
    • 1577 – Nur Jahan, Empress consort of the Mughal Empire (d. 1645)
    • 1613 – John George II, Elector of Saxony (d. 1680)
    • 1640 – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland (d. 1673)
    • 1641 – Patriarch Dositheos II of Jerusalem (d. 1707)
    • 1725 – Ahilyabai Holkar, Queen of the Malwa Kingdom under the Maratha Empire (d. 1795)
    • 1732 – Count Hieronymus von Colloredo, Austrian archbishop (d. 1812)
    • 1753 – Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, French lawyer and politician (d. 1793)
    • 1754 – Andrea Appiani, Italian painter and educator (d. 1817)
    • 1773 – Ludwig Tieck, German poet, author, and critic (d. 1853)
    • 1801 – Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist and scholar (d. 1887)
    • 1815 – Adye Douglas, English-Australian cricketer and politician, 15th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1906)
    • 1818 – John Albion Andrew, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1867)
    • 1819 – Walt Whitman, American poet, essayist, and journalist (d. 1892)
    • 1827 – Kusumoto Ine, first Japanese female doctor of Western medicine (d. 1903)
    • 1835 – Hijikata Toshizō, Japanese commander (d. 1869)
    • 1838 – Henry Sidgwick, English economist and philosopher (d. 1900)
    • 1842 – John Cox Bray, Australian politician, 15th Premier of South Australia (d. 1894)
    • 1847 – William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie, Canadian-Irish businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of Belfast (d. 1924)
    • 1852 – Francisco Moreno, Argentinian explorer and academic (d. 1919)
    • 1852 – Julius Richard Petri, German microbiologist, invented the Petri dish (d. 1921)
    • 1857 – Pope Pius XI (d. 1939)
    • 1858 – Graham Wallas, English socialist, social psychologist, and educationalist (d. 1932)
    • 1860 – Walter Sickert, English painter (d. 1942)
    • 1863 – Francis Younghusband, Indian-English captain and explorer (d. 1942)
    • 1866 – John Ringling, American entrepreneur; one of the founders of the Ringling Brothers Circus (d. 1936)
    • 1875 – Rosa May Billinghurst, British suffragette and women’s rights activist (d.1953)
    • 1879 – Frances Alda, New Zealand-Australian soprano (d. 1952)
    • 1882 – Sándor Festetics, Hungarian politician, Hungarian Minister of War (d. 1956)
    • 1883 – Lauri Kristian Relander, Finnish politician, 2nd President of Finland (d. 1942)
    • 1885 – Robert Richards, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of South Australia (d. 1967)
    • 1887 – Saint-John Perse, French poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
    • 1892 – Michel Kikoine, Belarusian-French painter (d. 1968)
    • 1892 – Erich Neumann, German lieutenant and politician (d. 1951)
    • 1892 – Konstantin Paustovsky, Russian poet and author (d. 1968)
    • 1892 – Gregor Strasser, German lieutenant and politician (d. 1934)
    • 1894 – Fred Allen, American comedian, radio host, game show panelist, and author (d. 1956)
    • 1898 – Norman Vincent Peale, American minister and author (d. 1993)
    • 1900 – Lucile Godbold, American Olympic athlete (d. 1981)
    • 1901 – Alfredo Antonini, Italian-American conductor and composer (d. 1983)
    • 1908 – Don Ameche, American actor (d. 1993)
    • 1909 – Art Coulter, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2000)
    • 1911 – Maurice Allais, French economist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
    • 1912 – Chien-Shiung Wu, Chinese-American experimental physicist (d. 1997)
    • 1914 – Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer and educator (d. 2006)
    • 1916 – Bert Haanstra, Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1997)
    • 1918 – Robert Osterloh, American actor (d. 2001)
    • 1918 – Lloyd Quarterman, African American chemist (d. 1982)
    • 1919 – Robie Macauley, American editor, novelist and critic (d. 1995)
    • 1921 – Edna Doré, English actress (d. 2014)
    • 1921 – Andrew Grima, Anglo-Italian jewellery designer (d. 2007)
    • 1921 – Howard Reig, American radio and television announcer (d. 2008)
    • 1921 – Alida Valli, Austrian-Italian actress and singer (d. 2006)
    • 1922 – Denholm Elliott, English-Spanish actor (d. 1992)
    • 1923 – Ellsworth Kelly, American painter and sculptor (d. 2015)
    • 1923 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)
    • 1925 – Julian Beck, American actor and director (d. 1986)
    • 1927 – James Eberle, English admiral (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – Michael Sandberg, Baron Sandberg, English lieutenant and banker (d. 2017)
    • 1928 – Pankaj Roy, Indian cricketer (d. 2001)
    • 1929 – Menahem Golan, Israeli director and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Clint Eastwood, American actor, director, musician, and producer
    • 1931 – John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
    • 1931 – Shirley Verrett, American soprano and actress (d. 2010)
    • 1932 – Ed Lincoln, Brazilian pianist, bassist, and composer (d. 2012)
    • 1932 – Jay Miner, American computer scientist and engineer (d. 1994)
    • 1933 – Henry B. Eyring, American religious leader, educator, and author
    • 1934 – Jim Hutton, American actor (d. 1979)
    • 1935 – Jim Bolger, New Zealand businessman and politician, 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand
    • 1938 – Johnny Paycheck, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003)
    • 1938 – John Prescott, British sailor and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    • 1938 – Peter Yarrow, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1939 – Terry Waite, English humanitarian and author
    • 1940 – Anatoliy Bondarchuk, Ukrainian hammer thrower and coach
    • 1940 – Augie Meyers, American musician and singer-songwriter
    • 1940 – Gilbert Shelton, American illustrator
    • 1941 – June Clark, Welsh nurse and educator
    • 1941 – Louis Ignarro, American pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1941 – William Nordhaus, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1943 – Sharon Gless, American actress
    • 1943 – Joe Namath, American football player, sportscaster, and actor
    • 1945 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1982)
    • 1945 – Laurent Gbagbo, Ivorian academic and politician, 4th President of Côte d’Ivoire
    • 1945 – Bernard Goldberg, American journalist and author
    • 1946 – Ted Baehr, American publisher and critic
    • 1946 – Steve Bucknor, Jamaican cricketer and umpire
    • 1946 – Krista Kilvet, Estonian journalist, politician, and diplomat (d. 2009)
    • 1946 – Debbie Moore, English model and businesswoman
    • 1947 – Junior Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1947 – Gabriele Hinzmann, German discus thrower
    • 1948 – Svetlana Alexievich, Belarusian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1948 – John Bonham, English musician, songwriter and drummer (d. 1980)
    • 1948 – Martin Hannett, English bass player, guitarist, and record producer (d. 1991)
    • 1948 – Duncan Hunter, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician
    • 1949 – Tom Berenger, American actor, film producer and television writer
    • 1950 – Jean Chalopin, French director, producer, and screenwriter, founded DIC Entertainment
    • 1950 – Gregory Harrison, American actor
    • 1950 – Edgar Savisaar, Estonian politician, Estonian Minister of the Interior
    • 1951 – Karl-Hans Riehm, German hammer thrower
    • 1952 – Karl Bartos, German singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1953 – Pirkka-Pekka Petelius, Finnish actor and screenwriter
    • 1954 – Thomas Mavros, Greek footballer
    • 1954 – Vicki Sue Robinson, American actress and singer (d. 2000)
    • 1955 – Tommy Emmanuel, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1955 – Susie Essman, American actress, comedian, and screenwriter
    • 1956 – Fritz Hilpert, German drummer and composer
    • 1956 – John Young, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1957 – Jim Craig, American ice hockey player
    • 1959 – Andrea de Cesaris, Italian racing driver (d. 2014)
    • 1959 – Phil Wilson, English politician
    • 1960 – Greg Adams, Canadian ice hockey player and businessman
    • 1960 – Chris Elliott, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Peter Winterbottom, English rugby player
    • 1961 – Ray Cote, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1961 – Justin Madden, Australian footballer and politician
    • 1961 – Lea Thompson, American actress, director, and producer
    • 1962 – Corey Hart, Canadian singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1963 – David Leigh, holder of the Sir Samuel Hall Chair of Chemistry at the University of Manchester
    • 1963 – Viktor Orbán, Hungarian politician, 38th Prime Minister of Hungary
    • 1963 – Wesley Willis, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (d. 2003)
    • 1964 – Leonard Asper, Canadian lawyer and businessman
    • 1964 – Stéphane Caristan, French hurdler and coach
    • 1964 – Yukio Edano, Japanese politician, Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs
    • 1964 – Darryl “D.M.C.” McDaniels, American rapper and producer
    • 1965 – Brooke Shields, American model, actress, and producer
    • 1966 – Roshan Mahanama, Sri Lankan cricketer and referee
    • 1967 – Phil Keoghan, New Zealand television host and producer
    • 1967 – Kenny Lofton, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1971 – Arun Luthra, Indo-Anglo-American saxophonist, konnakol artist, composer, and arranger
    • 1972 – Christian McBride, American bassist and record producer
    • 1972 – Archie Panjabi, Indo-British actress
    • 1972 – Frode Estil, Norwegian skier
    • 1972 – Antti Niemi, Finnish international footballer, goalkeeper and coach
    • 1972 – Dave Roberts, American baseball player and coach
    • 1974 – Hiroiki Ariyoshi, Japanese comedian and singer
    • 1974 – Chad Campbell, American golfer
    • 1975 – Mac Suzuki, Japanese baseball player
    • 1976 – Colin Farrell, Irish actor
    • 1976 – Matt Harpring, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1977 – Theodoros Baev, Bulgarian-Greek volleyball player
    • 1977 – Domenico Fioravanti, Italian swimmer
    • 1977 – Eric Christian Olsen, American actor
    • 1977 – Moses Sichone, Zambian footballer
    • 1977 – Petr Tenkrát, Czech ice hockey player
    • 1979 – Jean-François Gillet, Belgian footballer
    • 1981 – Mikael Antonsson, Swedish footballer
    • 1981 – Daniele Bonera, Italian footballer
    • 1981 – Jake Peavy, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Marlies Schild, Austrian skier
    • 1984 – Andrew Bailey, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Milorad Čavić, Serbian swimmer
    • 1984 – Nate Robinson, American basketball player
    • 1985 – Jordy Nelson, American football player
    • 1986 – Robert Gesink, Dutch cyclist
    • 1989 – Marco Reus, German footballer
    • 1990 – Erik Karlsson, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1992 – Michaël Bournival, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1992 – Laura Ikauniece, Latvian heptathlete
    • 1996 – Normani Korde, American singer
    • 1998 – Santino Ferrucci, American race car driver

    Deaths on May 31

    • 455 – Petronius Maximus, Roman emperor (b. 396)
    • 930 – Liu Hua, princess of Southern Han (b. 896)
    • 960 – Fujiwara no Morosuke, Japanese statesman (b. 909)
    • 1076 – Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, English politician (b. 1050)
    • 1089 – Sigwin von Are, archbishop of Cologne
    • 1162 – Géza II, king of Hungary (b. 1130)
    • 1321 – Birger, king of Sweden (b. 1280)
    • 1326 – Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley (b. 1271)
    • 1329 – Albertino Mussato, Italian statesman and writer (b. 1261)
    • 1349 – Thomas Wake, English politician (b. 1297)
    • 1370 – Vitalis of Assisi, Italian hermit and monk (b. 1295)
    • 1408 – Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1358)
    • 1410 – Martin of Aragon, Spanish king (b. 1356)
    • 1504 – Engelbert II of Nassau (b. 1451)
    • 1558 – Philip Hoby, English general and diplomat (b. 1505)
    • 1567 – Guido de Bres, Belgian pastor and theologian (b. 1522)
    • 1594 – Tintoretto, Italian painter and educator (b. 1518)
    • 1601 – Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (b. 1547)
    • 1640 – Zeynab Begum, Safavid princess (date of birth unknown)
    • 1665 – Pieter Jansz. Saenredam, Dutch painter (b. 1597)
    • 1680 – Joachim Neander, German theologian and educator (b. 1650)
    • 1740 – Frederick William I of Prussia (b. 1688)
    • 1747 – Andrey Osterman, German-Russian politician, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1686)
    • 1809 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian pianist and composer (b. 1732)
    • 1809 – Jean Lannes, French general (b. 1769)
    • 1831 – Samuel Bentham, English architect and engineer (b. 1757)
    • 1832 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1811)
    • 1837 – Joseph Grimaldi, English actor, comedian and dancer, (b. 1779)
    • 1846 – Philip Marheineke, German pastor and philosopher (b. 1780)
    • 1847 – Thomas Chalmers, Scottish minister and economist (b. 1780)
    • 1848 – Eugénie de Guérin, French author (b. 1805)
    • 1899 – Stefanos Koumanoudis, Greek archaeologist, teacher and writer (b. 1818)
    • 1908 – Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian author, poet, and politician (b. 1839)
    • 1909 – Thomas Price, Welsh-Australian politician, 24th Premier of South Australia (b. 1852)
    • 1910 – Elizabeth Blackwell, English-American physician and educator (b. 1821)
    • 1931 – Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau, Canadian cardinal (b. 1866)
    • 1931 – Willy Stöwer, German author and illustrator (b. 1864)
    • 1945 – Odilo Globocnik, Italian-Austrian SS officer (b. 1904)
    • 1954 – Antonis Benakis, Greek art collector and philanthropist, founded the Benaki Museum (b. 1873)
    • 1957 – Stefanos Sarafis, Greek general and politician (b. 1890)
    • 1957 – Leopold Staff, Polish poet and academic (b. 1878)
    • 1960 – Willem Elsschot, Flemish author and poet (b. 1882)
    • 1960 – Walther Funk, German economist, journalist, and politician, German Minister of Economics (b. 1890)
    • 1962 – Henry F. Ashurst, American lawyer and politician (b. 1874)
    • 1967 – Billy Strayhorn, American pianist and composer (b. 1915)
    • 1970 – Terry Sawchuk, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1929)
    • 1976 – Jacques Monod, French biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
    • 1977 – William Castle, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1914)
    • 1978 – József Bozsik, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1925)
    • 1981 – Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth, English economist and journalist (b. 1914)
    • 1982 – Carlo Mauri, Italian mountaineer and explorer (b. 1930)
    • 1983 – Jack Dempsey, American boxer and lieutenant (b. 1895)
    • 1985 – Gaston Rébuffat, French mountaineer and author (b. 1921)
    • 1986 – Jane Frank, American painter and sculptor (b. 1918)
    • 1986 – James Rainwater, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
    • 1987 – John Abraham, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1937)
    • 1989 – Owen Lattimore, American author and academic (b. 1900)
    • 1989 – C. L. R. James, Trinidadian journalist and historian (b. 1901)
    • 1993 – Honey Tree Evil Eye, or, Spud Mackenzie, a Bull Terrier, dies of kidney failure.
    • 1994 – Uzay Heparı, Turkish actor, producer, and composer (b. 1969)
    • 1994 – Herva Nelli, Italian-American soprano (b. 1909)
    • 1995 – Stanley Elkin, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1930)
    • 1996 – Timothy Leary, American psychologist and author (b. 1920)
    • 1998 – Charles Van Acker, Belgian-American race car driver (b. 1912)
    • 2000 – Petar Mladenov, Bulgarian diplomat, 1st President of Bulgaria (b. 1936)
    • 2000 – Tito Puente, American jazz musician (b. 1923)
    • 2000 – A. Jeyaratnam Wilson, Sri Lankan historian, author, and academic (b. 1928)
    • 2001 – Arlene Francis, American actress, talk show host, game show panelist, and television personality (b. 1907)
    • 2002 – Subhash Gupte, Indian cricketer (b. 1929)
    • 2004 – Aiyathurai Nadesan, Sri Lankan journalist (b. 1954)
    • 2004 – Robert Quine, American guitarist (b. 1941)
    • 2004 – Étienne Roda-Gil, French screenwriter and composer (b. 1941)
    • 2006 – Miguel Ortiz Berrocal, Spanish sculptor (b. 1933)
    • 2006 – Raymond Davis, Jr., American physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
    • 2009 – Danny La Rue, Irish-British drag queen performer and singer (b. 1927)
    • 2009 – George Tiller, American physician (b. 1941)
    • 2010 – Louise Bourgeois, French-American sculptor and painter (b. 1911)
    • 2010 – Brian Duffy, English photographer and producer (b. 1933)
    • 2010 – William A. Fraker, American director, producer, and cinematographer (b. 1923)
    • 2010 – Rubén Juárez, Argentinian singer-songwriter and bandoneón player (b. 1947)
    • 2010 – Merata Mita, New Zealand director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
    • 2011 – Pauline Betz, American tennis player (b. 1919)
    • 2011 – Jonas Bevacqua, American fashion designer, co-founded the Lifted Research Group (b. 1977)
    • 2011 – Derek Hodge, Virgin Islander lawyer and politician, Lieutenant Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (b. 1941)
    • 2011 – Hans Keilson, German-Dutch psychoanalyst and author (b. 1909)
    • 2011 – John Martin, English admiral and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (b. 1918)
    • 2011 – Andy Robustelli, American football player and manager (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Christopher Challis, English cinematographer (b. 1919)
    • 2012 – Randall B. Kester, American lawyer and judge (b. 1916)
    • 2012 – Paul Pietsch, German racing driver and publisher (b. 1911)
    • 2012 – Orlando Woolridge, American basketball player and coach (b. 1959)
    • 2013 – Gerald E. Brown, American physicist and academic (b. 1926)
    • 2013 – Frederic Lindsay, Scottish author and educator (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Miguel Méndez, American author and poet (b. 1930)
    • 2013 – Tim Samaras, American engineer and storm chaser (b. 1957)
    • 2013 – Jairo Mora Sandoval, Costa Rican environmentalist (b. 1987)
    • 2013 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Marilyn Beck, American journalist (b. 1928)
    • 2014 – Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1952)
    • 2014 – Hoss Ellington, American race car driver (b. 1935)
    • 2014 – Martha Hyer, American actress (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Lewis Katz, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1942)
    • 2014 – Mary Soames, Baroness Soames, English author (b. 1922)
    • 2015 – Gladys Taylor, Canadian author and publisher (b. 1917)
    • 2016 – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–2016) (b. 1947)
    • 2016 – Jan Crouch, American televangelist, co-founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (b. 1938)
    • 2016 – Carla Lane, English television writer (b. 1928)
    • 2016 – Rupert Neudeck, German journalist and humanitarian (b. 1939)

    Holidays and observances on May 31

    • Anniversary of Royal Brunei Malay Regiment (Brunei)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Camilla Battista da Varano
      • Hermias
      • Petronella
      • Visitation of Mary (Western Christianity)
      • May 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • The beginning of Gawai Dayak (Dayaks in Sarawak, Malaysia and West Kalimantan, Indonesia)
    • World No Tobacco Day (International)

  • May 9 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy.
    • 1271 – Ninth Crusade, Edward I of England disembarks at Acre.
    • 1386 – England and Portugal formally ratify their alliance with the signing of the Treaty of Windsor, making it the oldest diplomatic alliance in the world which is still in force.
    • 1450 – ‘Abd al-Latif (Timurid monarch) is assassinated.
    • 1540 – Hernando de Alarcón sets sail on an expedition to the Gulf of California.
    • 1662 – The figure who later became Mr. Punch makes his first recorded appearance in England.
    • 1671 – Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal England’s Crown Jewels from the Tower of London.
    • 1726 – Five men arrested during a raid on Mother Clap’s molly house in London are executed at Tyburn.
    • 1763 – The Siege of Fort Detroit begins during Pontiac’s War against British forces.
    • 1864 – Second Schleswig War: The Danish navy defeats the Austrian and Prussian fleets in the Battle of Heligoland.
    • 1865 – American Civil War: Nathan Bedford Forrest surrenders his forces at Gainesville, Alabama.
    • 1865 – American Civil War: President Andrew Johnson issues a proclamation ending belligerent rights of the rebels and enjoining foreign nations to intern or expel Confederate ships.
    • 1873 – Der Krach: Vienna stock market crash heralds the Long Depression.
    • 1874 – The first horsebus makes its début in the city of Mumbai, traveling two routes.
    • 1877 – Mihail Kogălniceanu reads, in the Chamber of Deputies, the Declaration of Independence of Romania. This day became the Independence Day of Romania.
    • 1877 – A magnitude 8.8 earthquake off the coast of Peru kills 2,541, including some as far away as Hawaii and Japan.
    • 1887 – Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show opens in London.
    • 1901 – Australia opens its first national parliament in Melbourne.
    • 1904 – The steam locomotive City of Truro becomes the first steam engine in Europe to exceed 100 mph (160 km/h).
    • 1911 – The works of Gabriele D’Annunzio are placed in the Index of Forbidden Books by the Vatican.
    • 1915 – World War I: Second Battle of Artois between German and French forces.
    • 1918 – World War I: Germany repels Britain’s second attempt to blockade the port of Ostend, Belgium.
    • 1920 – Polish–Soviet War: The Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrates its capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreshchatyk.
    • 1926 – Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett claim to have flown over the North Pole (later discovery of Byrd’s diary appears to cast some doubt on the claim.)
    • 1927 – Old Parliament House, Canberra officially opens.
    • 1936 – Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.
    • 1940 – World War II: The German submarine U-9 sinks the French coastal submarine Doris near Den Helder.
    • 1941 – World War II: The German submarine U-110 is captured by the Royal Navy. On board is the latest Enigma machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.
    • 1942 – Holocaust: The SS executes 588 Jewish residents of the Podolian town of Zinkiv (Khmelnytska oblast, Ukraine). The Zoludek Ghetto (in Belarus) is destroyed and all its inhabitants executed or deported.
    • 1945 – World War II: The final German Instrument of Surrender is signed at the Soviet headquarters in Berlin-Karlshorst.
    • 1945 – World War II: The German occupation of the Channel Islands comes to an end.
    • 1946 – King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates and is succeeded by Umberto II.
    • 1948 – Czechoslovakia’s Ninth-of-May Constitution comes into effect.
    • 1949 – Rainier III becomes Prince of Monaco.
    • 1950 – Robert Schuman presents his proposal on the creation of an organized Europe, which according to him was indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations. This proposal, known as the “Schuman Declaration”, is considered by some people to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.
    • 1955 – Cold War: West Germany joins NATO.
    • 1958 – Alfred Hitchcock’s film Vertigo has world premiere in San Francisco.
    • 1960 – The Food and Drug Administration announces it will approve birth control as an additional indication for Searle’s Enovid, making Enovid the world’s first approved oral contraceptive pill.
    • 1961 – FCC Chairman Newton N. Minow gives his Wasteland Speech.
    • 1964 – Ngô Đình Cẩn, de facto ruler of central Vietnam under his brother President Ngô Đình Diệm before the family’s toppling, is executed.
    • 1969 – Carlos Lamarca leads the first urban guerrilla action against the military dictatorship of Brazil in São Paulo, by robbing two banks.
    • 1970 – Vietnam War: In Washington, D.C., 75,000 to 100,000 war protesters demonstrate in front of the White House.
    • 1974 – Watergate scandal: The United States House Committee on the Judiciary opens formal and public impeachment hearings against President Richard Nixon.
    • 1977 – Hotel Polen fire: A disastrous fire burns down the Hotel Polen in Amsterdam causing 33 deaths and 21 severe injuries.
    • 1979 – Iranian Jewish businessman Habib Elghanian is executed by firing squad in Tehran, prompting the mass exodus of the once 100,000-strong Jewish community of Iran.
    • 1980 – In Florida, Liberian freighter MV Summit Venture collides with the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay, making a 1,400-ft. section of the southbound span collapse. Thirty-five people in six cars and a Greyhound bus fall 150 ft. into the water and die.
    • 1980 – In Norco, California, five masked gunmen hold up a Security Pacific bank, leading to a violent shoot-out and one of the largest pursuits in California history. Two of the gunmen and one police officer are killed and thirty-three police and civilian vehicles are destroyed in the chase.
    • 1987 – LOT Flight 5055 Tadeusz Kościuszko crashes after takeoff in Warsaw, Poland, killing all 183 people on board.
    • 1988 – New Parliament House, Canberra officially opens.
    • 1992 – Armenian forces capture Shusha, marking a major turning point in the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
    • 1992 – Westray Mine disaster kills 26 workers in Nova Scotia, Canada.
    • 1994 – Disappearance of Cleashindra Hall in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.
    • 2001 – In Ghana, 129 football fans die in what became known as the Accra Sports Stadium disaster. The deaths are caused by a stampede (caused by the firing of tear gas by police personnel at the stadium) that followed a controversial decision by the referee.
    • 2002 – The 38-day stand-off in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem comes to an end when the Palestinians inside agree to have 13 suspected terrorists among them deported to several different countries.
    • 2012 – A Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft crashes into Mount Salak in West Java, Indonesia, killing 45 people.
    • 2015 – An Airbus A400M Atlas military transport aircraft crashes near the Spanish city of Seville with three people on board killed.
    • 2015 – Russia stages its biggest ever military parade in Moscow’s Red Square to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Victory Day.
    • 2018 – The historic defeat for Barisan Nasional, the governing coalition of Malaysia since the country’s independence in 1957 in 2018 Malaysian general election.
    • 2018 – At the height of the 2018 East Africa floods, the Patel dam breaks in Solai, Kenya, killing 48 people and displacing another 2000.

    Births on May 9

    • 1147 – Minamoto no Yoritomo, Japanese shōgun (d. 1199)
    • 1170 – Valdemar II of Denmark (d. 1241)
    • 1540 – Maharana Pratap, Indian ruler (d. 1597)
    • 1555 – Jerónima de la Asunción, Spanish Catholic nun and founder of the first monastery in Manila (d. 1630)
    • 1594 – Louis Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, military leader in the Thirty Years’ War (d. 1662)
    • 1617 – Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege (d. 1655)
    • 1740 – Giovanni Paisiello, Italian composer and educator (probable; d. 1816)
    • 1746 – Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1818)
    • 1763 – János Batsányi, Hungarian-Austrian poet and author (d. 1845)
    • 1800 – John Brown, American activist (d. 1859)
    • 1801 – Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, English politician, founded the town of Fleetwood (d. 1866)
    • 1814 – John Brougham, Irish-American actor and playwright (d. 1880)
    • 1823 – Frederick Weld, English-New Zealand politician, 6th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1891)
    • 1824 – Jacob ben Moses Bachrach, Polish apologist and author (d. 1896)
    • 1825 – James Collinson, Victorian painter (d. 1881)
    • 1836 – Ferdinand Monoyer, French ophthalmologist, invented the Monoyer chart (d. 1912)
    • 1837 – Adam Opel, German engineer, founded the Opel Company (d. 1895)
    • 1845 – Gustaf de Laval, Swedish engineer and businessman (d. 1913)
    • 1850 – Edward Weston, English-American chemist (d. 1936)
    • 1855 – Julius Röntgen, German-Dutch composer (d. 1932)
    • 1860 – J. M. Barrie, Scottish novelist and playwright (d. 1937)
    • 1866 – Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Indian economist and politician (d. 1915)
    • 1870 – Harry Vardon, British golfer (d. 1937)
    • 1873 – Anton Cermak, Czech-American captain and politician, 44th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1933)
    • 1874 – Howard Carter, English archaeologist and historian (d. 1939)
    • 1882 – George Barker, American painter (d. 1965)
    • 1882 – Henry J. Kaiser, American shipbuilder and businessman, founded Kaiser Shipyards (d. 1967)
    • 1883 – José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher, author, and critic (d. 1955)
    • 1884 – Valdemar Psilander, Danish actor (d. 1917)
    • 1885 – Gianni Vella, Maltese artist (d. 1977)
    • 1888 – Francesco Baracca, Italian fighter pilot (d. 1918)
    • 1888 – Rolf de Maré, Swedish art collector (d. 1964)
    • 1892 – Zita of Bourbon-Parma, last Empress of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (d. 1989)
    • 1893 – William Moulton Marston, American psychologist and author (d. 1947)
    • 1895 – Richard Barthelmess, American actor (d. 1963)
    • 1895 – Lucian Blaga, Romanian poet, playwright, and philosopher (d. 1961)
    • 1895 – Frank Foss, American pole vaulter (d. 1989)
    • 1896 – Richard Day, Canadian-American art director and set decorator (d. 1972)
    • 1900 – Maria Malicka, Polish stage and film actress (d. 1992)
    • 1904 – Conrad Bernier, Canadian-American organist, composer, and educator (d. 1988)
    • 1905 – Lilí Álvarez, Spanish tennis player, author, and feminist (d. 1998)
    • 1906 – Eleanor Estes, American librarian, author, and illustrator (d. 1988)
    • 1907 – Jackie Grant, Trinidadian cricketer (d. 1978)
    • 1907 – Kathryn Kuhlman, American evangelist and author (d. 1976)
    • 1907 – Baldur von Schirach, German politician (d. 1974)
    • 1909 – Don Messer, Canadian violinist (d. 1973)
    • 1909 – Gordon Bunshaft, American architect, designed the Solow Building (d. 1990)
    • 1911 – Harry Simeone, American music arranger, conductor, and composer (d. 2005)
    • 1912 – Pedro Armendáriz, Mexican-American actor (d. 1963)
    • 1912 – Per Imerslund, Norwegian-German soldier and author (d. 1943)
    • 1912 – Géza Ottlik, Hungarian mathematician and theorist (d. 1990)
    • 1914 – Patricia Swift Blalock, American librarian (d.2011)
    • 1914 – Denham Fouts, American prostitute (d. 1948)
    • 1914 – Thanat Khoman, Thai politician and diplomat (d. 2016)
    • 1914 – Carlo Maria Giulini, Italian conductor and director (d. 2005)
    • 1914 – Hank Snow, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
    • 1916 – William Pène du Bois, American author and illustrator (d. 1993)
    • 1917 – Fay Kanin, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Moisis Michail Bourlas, Greek soldier and educator (d. 2011)
    • 1918 – Orville Freeman, American soldier and politician, 16th United States Secretary of Agriculture (d. 2003)
    • 1918 – Mike Wallace, American journalist, media personality and one-time game show host (d. 2012)
    • 1919 – Clifford Chadderton, Canadian soldier and journalist (d. 2013)
    • 1920 – William Tenn, English-American author and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1920 – Richard Adams, English novelist (d. 2016)
    • 1921 – Daniel Berrigan, American priest, poet, and activist (d. 2016)
    • 1921 – Sophie Scholl, German activist (d. 1943)
    • 1921 – Mona Van Duyn, American poet and academic (d. 2004)
    • 1923 – Johnny Grant, American radio host and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1924 – Bulat Okudzhava, Russian singer, poet, and author (d. 1997)
    • 1926 – John Middleton Murry, Jr., English soldier, pilot, and author (d. 2002)
    • 1927 – Manfred Eigen, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
    • 1928 – Ralph Goings, American painter (d. 2016)
    • 1928 – Pancho Gonzales, American tennis player (d. 1995)
    • 1928 – Barbara Ann Scott, Canadian figure skater (d. 2012)
    • 1930 – Joan Sims, English actress (d. 2001)
    • 1930 – Kalifa Tillisi, Libyan historian and linguist (d. 2010)
    • 1931 – Vance D. Brand, American pilot, engineer, and astronaut
    • 1932 – Conrad Hunte, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1999)
    • 1934 – Alan Bennett, English screenwriter, playwright, and novelist
    • 1935 – Nokie Edwards, American guitarist (d. 2018)
    • 1935 – Roger Hargreaves, English author and illustrator (d. 1988)
    • 1936 – Terry Downes, British boxer and former world middle-weight champion (d. 2017)
    • 1936 – Albert Finney, English actor (d. 2019)
    • 1936 – Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician
    • 1937 – Sonny Curtis, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1937 – Rafael Moneo, Spanish architect, designed the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels and Valladolid Science Museum
    • 1937 – Dave Prater, American singer (d. 1988)
    • 1938 – Charles Simić, Serbian-American poet and editor
    • 1939 – Ralph Boston, American long jumper
    • 1939 – Ion Țiriac, Romanian tennis player and manager
    • 1939 – Ken Warby, Australian motorboat racer
    • 1939 – Giorgio Zancanaro, Italian baritone
    • 1939 – John Ogbu, Nigerian-American anthropologist and professor (d. 2003)
    • 1940 – James L. Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1941 – Dorothy Hyman, English sprinter
    • 1941 – Danny Rapp, American musician (d. 1983)
    • 1942 – John Ashcroft, American lawyer and politician, 79th United States Attorney General
    • 1942 – Tommy Roe, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Vince Cable, English economist and politician, former Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills
    • 1943 – Anders Isaksson, Swedish historian and journalist (d. 2009)
    • 1943 – Colin Pillinger, English astronomer, chemist, and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1944 – Richie Furay, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1945 – Gamal El-Ghitani, Egyptian journalist and author (d. 2015)
    • 1945 – Jupp Heynckes, German footballer and manager
    • 1945 – Steve Katz, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1946 – Candice Bergen, American actress and producer
    • 1946 – Ayşe Nur Zarakolu, Turkish author and activist (d. 2002)
    • 1947 – Yukiya Amano, Japanese diplomat (d. 2019)
    • 1948 – Hans Georg Bock, German mathematician, computer scientist, and academic
    • 1948 – John Mahaffey, American golfer
    • 1948 – Steven W. Mosher, American social scientist and author
    • 1948 – Calvin Murphy, American basketball player and radio host
    • 1949 – Billy Joel, American singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1949 – Richard S. Williamson, American lawyer and diplomat, 17th Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs (d. 2013)
    • 1951 – Alley Mills, American actress
    • 1953 – Bruno Brokken, Belgian high jumper
    • 1955 – Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (d. 2012)
    • 1955 – Anne Sofie von Otter, Swedish soprano and actress
    • 1956 – Wendy Crewson, Canadian actress and producer
    • 1956 – Jana Wendt, Australian television host
    • 1958 – Graham Smith, Canadian swimmer
    • 1959 – Andrew Jones, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1960 – Tony Gwynn, American baseball player and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1961 – Sean Altman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1961 – John Corbett, American actor
    • 1962 – Dave Gahan, English singer-songwriter
    • 1962 – Paul Heaton, English singer-songwriter
    • 1963 – Joe Cirella, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1965 – Ken Nomura, Japanese race car driver and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Steve Yzerman, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
    • 1966 – Mark Tinordi, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1968 – Masahiko Harada, Japanese ski jumper
    • 1968 – Graham Harman, American philosopher and academic
    • 1968 – Ruth Kelly, British economist and politician, Secretary of State for Transport
    • 1968 – Marie-José Pérec, French sprinter
    • 1968 – Neil Ruddock, English international footballer and television personality
    • 1970 – Doug Christie, American basketball player
    • 1970 – Hao Haidong, Chinese footballer & all time top scorer for Chinese national team
    • 1970 – Ghostface Killah, American rapper and actor
    • 1971 – Jason Lee, English footballer and manager
    • 1971 – Dan Chiasson, American poet and critic
    • 1972 – Megumi Odaka, Japanese actress and singer
    • 1973 – Tegla Loroupe, Kenyan runner
    • 1973 – Leonard Myles-Mills, Ghanaian sprinter
    • 1975 – Tamia, Canadian singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
    • 1975 – Brian Deegan, American motocross rider
    • 1977 – Averno, Mexican wrestler
    • 1977 – Marek Jankulovski, Czech footballer
    • 1977 – Svein Tuft, Canadian cyclist
    • 1978 – Leandro Cufré, Argentinian footballer
    • 1978 – Santiago Dellapè, Argentinian-Italian rugby player
    • 1978 – Aaron Harang, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Marwan al-Shehhi, Emirati terrorist (d. 2001)
    • 1979 – Pierre Bouvier, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1979 – Rosario Dawson, American actress
    • 1979 – Andrew W.K., American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, motivational speaker, and music producer
    • 1980 – Grant Hackett, Australian swimmer
    • 1980 – Angela Nikodinov, American figure skater
    • 1980 – Tony Schmidt, German race car driver
    • 1980 – Jo Hyun-jae, South Korean actor
    • 1981 – Bill Murphy, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Evangelos Tsiolis, Greek footballer
    • 1983 – Giacomo Brichetto, Italian footballer
    • 1983 – Alan Campbell, British sculler
    • 1983 – Christos Marangos, Cypriot footballer
    • 1983 – Ryuhei Matsuda, Japanese actor
    • 1983 – Gilles Müller, Luxembourgian tennis player
    • 1983 – Tyler Lumsden, American baseball player
    • 1983 – Leandro Rinaudo, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Prince Fielder, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Chase Headley, American baseball player
    • 1985 – Jake Long, American football player
    • 1985 – Henrique Andrade Silva, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Scott Bolton, Australian rugby league player
    • 1987 – Kevin Gameiro, French footballer
    • 1987 – Vitaliy Pushkar, Ukrainian race car driver
    • 1988 – J. R. Fitzpatrick, Canadian race car driver
    • 1989 – Ellen White, English footballer
    • 1991 – Majlinda Kelmendi, Kosovar judoka
    • 1992 – Dan Burn, English footballer
    • 1996 – Saron Läänmäe, Estonian footballer
    • 1996 – Grace Reid, Scottish diver

    Deaths on May 9

    • 729 – Osric, king of Northumbria
    • 893 – Shi Pu, warlord of the Tang Dynasty
    • 909 – Adalgar, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen
    • 934 – Wang Sitong, Chinese general and governor (b. 892)
    • 1280 – Magnus VI of Norway
    • 1315 – Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1282)
    • 1329 – John Drokensford, Bishop of Bath and Wells
    • 1443 – Niccolò Albergati, Italian Cardinal and diplomat (b. 1373)
    • 1446 – Mary of Enghien (b. 1368)
    • 1590 – Charles de Bourbon French cardinal and pretender to the throne (b. 1523)
    • 1657 – William Bradford, English-American politician, 2nd Governor of Plymouth Colony (b. 1590)
    • 1707 – Dieterich Buxtehude, German-Danish organist and composer (b. 1637)
    • 1736 – Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real, Portuguese judge and politician (b. 1658)
    • 1745 – Tomaso Antonio Vitali, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1663)
    • 1747 – John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish field marshal and diplomat, British Ambassador to France (b. 1673)
    • 1760 – Nicolaus Zinzendorf, German bishop and saint (b. 1700)
    • 1789 – Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval, French general and engineer (b. 1715)
    • 1790 – William Clingan, American politician (b. 1721)
    • 1791 – Francis Hopkinson, American judge and politician (b. 1737)
    • 1805 – Friedrich Schiller, German poet, playwright, and historian (b. 1759)
    • 1850 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist and physicist (b. 1778)
    • 1850 – Garlieb Merkel, Estonian author and activist (b. 1769)
    • 1861 – Peter Ernst von Lasaulx, German philologist and politician (b. 1805)
    • 1864 – John Sedgwick, American general and educator (b. 1813)
    • 1889 – William S. Harney, American general (b. 1800)
    • 1906 – Oscar von Gebhardt, German theologian and academic (b. 1844)
    • 1914 – C. W. Post, American businessman, founded Post Foods (b. 1854)
    • 1915 – François Faber, Luxembourgian-French cyclist and soldier (b. 1887)
    • 1915 – Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player and cricketer (b. 1883)
    • 1918 – George Coșbuc, Romanian journalist and poet (b. 1866)
    • 1931 – Albert Abraham Michelson, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
    • 1933 – John Arthur Jarvis, English swimmer (b. 1872)
    • 1935 – Ernst Bresslau, German zoologist (b. 1877)
    • 1938 – Thomas B. Thrige, Danish businessman (b. 1866)
    • 1942 – Józef Cebula, Polish priest and saint (b. 1902)
    • 1944 – Han Yong-un, Korean poet and social reformer (b. 1879)
    • 1949 – Louis II, Prince of Monaco (b. 1870)
    • 1950 – Esteban Terradas i Illa, Spanish mathematician and engineer (b. 1883)
    • 1957 – Ernest de Silva, Sri Lankan banker and businessman (b. 1887)
    • 1957 – Ezio Pinza, Italian actor and singer (b. 1892)
    • 1959 – Bhaurao Patil, Indian activist and educator (b. 1887)
    • 1965 – Leopold Figl, Austrian engineer and politician, 18th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1902)
    • 1968 – Mercedes de Acosta, American author, poet, and playwright (b. 1893)
    • 1968 – Harold Gray, American cartoonist, created Little Orphan Annie (b. 1894)
    • 1968 – Marion Lorne, American actress (b. 1883)
    • 1968 – Finlay Currie, British actor (b. 1878)
    • 1970 – Walter Reuther, American union leader (b. 1907)
    • 1976 – Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1920)
    • 1976 – Ulrike Meinhof, German militant, co-founded the Red Army Faction (b. 1934)
    • 1977 – James Jones, American novelist (b. 1921)
    • 1978 – Giuseppe Impastato, Italian journalist and activist (b. 1948)
    • 1978 – Aldo Moro, Italian lawyer and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1916)
    • 1979 – Cyrus S. Eaton, Canadian-American banker, businessman, and philanthropist (b. 1883)
    • 1979 – Eddie Jefferson, American singer and lyricist (b. 1918)
    • 1980 – Kate Molale, South African activist (b. 1928)
    • 1981 – Nelson Algren, American novelist and short story writer (b. 1909)
    • 1983 – Henry Bachtold, Australian soldier and railway engineer (b. 1891)
    • 1985 – Edmond O’Brien, American actor and director (b. 1915)
    • 1986 – Tenzing Norgay, Nepalese mountaineer (b. 1914)
    • 1987 – Obafemi Awolowo, Nigerian lawyer and politician (b. 1909)
    • 1993 – Penelope Gilliatt, English novelist, short story writer, and critic (b. 1932)
    • 1994 – Elias Motsoaledi, South African activist (b. 1924)
    • 1997 – Rawya Ateya, Egyptian captain and politician (b. 1926)
    • 1997 – Marco Ferreri, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
    • 1998 – Alice Faye, American actress and singer (b. 1915)
    • 1998 – Talat Mahmood, Indian singer and actor (b. 1924)
    • 2003 – Russell B. Long, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (b. 1918)
    • 2004 – Akhmad Kadyrov, Chechen cleric and politician, 1st President of the Chechen Republic (b. 1951)
    • 2004 – Alan King, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1927)
    • 2004 – Brenda Fassie, South African singer (b. 1964)
    • 2007 – Dwight Wilson, Canadian soldier (b. 1901)
    • 2008 – Jack Gibson, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1929)
    • 2008 – Baptiste Manzini, American football player (b. 1920)
    • 2008 – Nuala O’Faolain, Irish journalist and producer (b. 1942)
    • 2008 – Pascal Sevran, French singer, television host, and author (b. 1945)
    • 2009 – Chuck Daly, American basketball player and coach (b. 1930)
    • 2010 – Lena Horne, American singer, actress, and activist (b. 1917)
    • 2010 – Otakar Motejl, Czech lawyer and politician (b. 1932)
    • 2011 – Wouter Weylandt, Belgian cyclist (b. 1984)
    • 2012 – Bertram Cohler, American psychologist, psychoanalyst, and academic (b. 1938)
    • 2012 – Geoffrey Henry, Cook Islander lawyer and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1940)
    • 2012 – Vidal Sassoon, English-American hairdresser and businessman (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Ramón Blanco Rodríguez, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1952)
    • 2013 – George M. Leader, American soldier and politician, 36th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1918)
    • 2013 – Humberto Lugo Gil, Mexican lawyer and politician, 23rd Governor of Hidalgo (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Ottavio Missoni, Italian hurdler and fashion designer, founded Missoni (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – Giacomo Bini, Italian priest and missionary (b. 1938)
    • 2014 – Harlan Mathews, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy, Indian politician, 12th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (b. 1935)
    • 2014 – Mary Stewart, English-Scottish author and poet (b. 1916)
    • 2015 – Edward W. Estlow, American football player and journalist (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Kenan Evren, Turkish general and politician, 7th President of Turkey (b. 1917)
    • 2015 – Elizabeth Wilson, American actress (b. 1921)
    • 2017 – Robert Miles, a Swiss-born Italian record producer, composer, musician and DJ (b. 1969)
    • 2018 – Per Kirkeby, Danish painter, poet, film maker and sculptor (b. 1938)
    • 2019 – Freddie Starr, English comedian, impressionist, singer and actor (1943)
    • 2020 – Little Richard, American singer, songwriter, and pianist (b. 1932)

    Holidays and observances on May 9

    • Anniversary of Dianetics (Church of Scientology)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Beatus of Lungern
      • Beatus of Vendome
      • Christopher (Eastern Orthodox Church)
      • George Preca
      • Gerontius of Cervia
      • Gregory of Nazianzen (The Episcopal Church (US) and traditional Roman Catholic calendar)
      • Nicolaus Zinzendorf (Lutheran)
      • Pachomius the Great
      • Tudy of Landevennec
      • May 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Commemoration of the end of the German occupation of the Channel Islands related observances:
      • Liberation Day, commemorating the end of the German occupation of the Channel Islands during World War II. (Guernsey and Jersey)
      • National Day (Alderney)
    • Europe Day, commemorating the Schuman Declaration. (European Union)
    • Victory Day observances, celebration of the Soviet Union victory over Nazi Germany (Soviet Union, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan)
      • Victory and Peace Day, marks the capture of Shusha (1992) in the Nagorno-Karabakh War, and the end of World War II. (Armenia)
      • Victory Day over Nazism in World War II (Ukraine)

  • April 8 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 217 – Roman Emperor Caracalla is assassinated. He is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
    • 632 – King Charibert II is assassinated at Blaye (Gironde), along with his infant son Chilperic.
    • 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-‘Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
    • 1093 – The new Winchester Cathedral is dedicated by Walkelin.
    • 1139 – Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated.
    • 1149 – Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.
    • 1232 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongols begin their siege on Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty.
    • 1271 – In Syria, sultan Baibars conquers the Krak des Chevaliers.
    • 1665 – English colonial patents are granted for the establishment of the Monmouth Tract, for what would eventually become Monmouth County in northeastern New Jersey.
    • 1730 – Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.
    • 1740 – War of Jenkins’ Ear: Three British ships capture the Spanish third-rate Princesa, taken into service as HMS Princess.
    • 1808 – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore is promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown (now Louisville) by Pope Pius VII.
    • 1820 – The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos.
    • 1832 – Black Hawk War: Around three-hundred United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Mansfield: Union forces are thwarted by the Confederate army at Mansfield, Louisiana.
    • 1866 – Italy and Prussia ally against the Austrian Empire.
    • 1886 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.
    • 1895 – In Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust Co. the Supreme Court of the United States declares unapportioned income tax to be unconstitutional.
    • 1904 – The French Third Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland sign the Entente cordiale.
    • 1904 – Longacre Square in Midtown Manhattan is renamed Times Square after The New York Times.
    • 1906 – Auguste Deter, the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, dies.
    • 1908 – H. H. Asquith of the Liberal Party takes office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, succeeding Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman.
    • 1908 – Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.
    • 1911 – Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers superconductivity.
    • 1913 – The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.
    • 1916 – In Corona, California, race car driver Bob Burman crashes, killing three (including himself), and badly injuring five spectators.
    • 1918 – World War I: Actors Douglas Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin sell war bonds on the streets of New York City’s financial district.
    • 1924 – Sharia courts are abolished in Turkey, as part of Atatürk’s Reforms.
    • 1929 – Indian independence movement: At the Delhi Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw handouts and bombs to court arrest.
    • 1935 – The Works Progress Administration is formed when the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 becomes law.
    • 1942 – World War II: Siege of Leningrad: Soviet forces open a much-needed railway link to Leningrad.
    • 1942 – World War II: The Japanese take Bataan in the Philippines.
    • 1943 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases by common carriers and public utilities.
    • 1943 – Otto and Elise Hampel are executed in Berlin for their anti-Nazi activities.
    • 1945 – World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4,000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis.
    • 1946 – Électricité de France, the world’s largest utility company, is formed as a result of the nationalisation of a number of electricity producers, transporters and distributors.
    • 1950 – India and Pakistan sign the Liaquat–Nehru Pact.
    • 1952 – U.S. President Harry Truman calls for the seizure of all domestic steel mills in an attempt to prevent the 1952 steel strike.
    • 1953 – Mau Mau leader Jomo Kenyatta is convicted by British Kenya’s rulers.
    • 1954 – A Royal Canadian Air Force Canadair Harvard collides with a Trans-Canada Airlines Canadair North Star over Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, killing 37 people.
    • 1954 – South African Airways Flight 201 A de Havilland DH.106 Comet 1 crashes into the sea during night killing 21 people.
    • 1959 – A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.
    • 1959 – The Organization of American States drafts an agreement to create the Inter-American Development Bank.
    • 1960 – The Netherlands and West Germany sign an agreement to negotiate the return of German land annexed by the Dutch in return for 280 million German marks as Wiedergutmachung.
    • 1961 – A large explosion on board the MV Dara in the Persian Gulf kills 238.
    • 1964 – The Gemini 1 test flight is conducted.
    • 1968 – BOAC Flight 712 catches fire shortly after takeoff. As a result of her actions in the accident, Barbara Jane Harrison is awarded a posthumous George Cross, the only GC awarded to a woman in peacetime.
    • 1970 – Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing: Israeli bombers strike an Egyptian school. Forty-six children are killed.
    • 1974 – At Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, Hank Aaron hits his 715th career home run to surpass Babe Ruth’s 39-year-old record.
    • 1975 – Frank Robinson manages the Cleveland Indians in his first game as major league baseball’s first African American manager.
    • 1987 – Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis resigns amid controversy over racially charged remarks he had made while on Nightline.
    • 1992 – Retired tennis great Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS, acquired from blood transfusions during one of his two heart surgeries.
    • 1993 – The Republic of North Macedonia joins the United Nations.
    • 1999 – Haryana Gana Parishad, a political party in the Indian state of Haryana, merges with the Indian National Congress.
    • 2004 – War in Darfur: The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups.
    • 2006 – Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Shedden, Elgin County, Ontario. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos Motorcycle Club.
    • 2008 – The construction of the world’s first skyscraper to integrate wind turbines is completed in Bahrain.
    • 2013 – The Islamic State of Iraq enters the Syrian Civil War and begins by declaring a merger with the Al-Nusra Front under the name Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham.

    Births on April 8

    • 1320 – Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367)
    • 1408 – Jadwiga of Lithuania, Polish princess (d. 1431)
    • 1435 – John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford, English noble (d. 1461)
    • 1533 – Claudio Merulo, Italian organist and composer (d. 1604)
    • 1536 – Barbara of Hesse (d. 1597)
    • 1541 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and archaeologist (d. 1593)
    • 1580 – William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, English noble, courtier and patron of the arts (d. 1630)
    • 1596 – Juan van der Hamen, Spanish artist (d. 1631)
    • 1605 – Philip IV of Spain (d. 1665)
    • 1605 – Mary Stuart, English-Scottish princess (d. 1607)
    • 1641 – Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (d. 1704)
    • 1692 – Giuseppe Tartini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1770)
    • 1726 – Lewis Morris, American judge and politician (d. 1798)
    • 1732 – David Rittenhouse, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1796)
    • 1761 – William Joseph Chaminade, French priest, founded the Society of Mary (d. 1850)
    • 1770 – John Thomas Campbell, Irish-Australian banker and politician (d. 1830)
    • 1798 – Dionysios Solomos, Greek poet and author (d. 1857)
    • 1818 – Christian IX of Denmark (d. 1906)
    • 1818 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann, German chemist and academic (d. 1892)
    • 1826 – Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican soldier (d. 1890)
    • 1827 – Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican ophthalmologist, journalist, and politician (d. 1898)
    • 1842 – Elizabeth Bacon Custer, American author and educator (d. 1933)
    • 1859 – Edmund Husserl, German Jewish-Austrian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1938)
    • 1864 – Carlos Deltour, French rower and rugby player (d. 1920)
    • 1867 – Allen Butler Talcott, American painter and educator (d. 1908)
    • 1869 – Harvey Cushing, American surgeon and academic (d. 1939)
    • 1871 – Clarence Hudson White, American photographer and educator (d. 1925)
    • 1874 – Manuel Díaz, Cuban fencer (d. 1929)
    • 1874 – Stanisław Taczak, Polish general (d. 1960)
    • 1875 – Albert I of Belgium (d. 1934)
    • 1882 (O.S. 27 March) – Dmytro Doroshenko, Lithuanian-Ukrainian historian and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine and Prime Minister of Ukraine (d. 1951)
    • 1883 – R. P. Keigwin, English cricketer and academic (d. 1972)
    • 1883 – Julius Seljamaa, Estonian journalist and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (d. 1936)
    • 1885 – Dimitrios Levidis, Greek-French soldier, composer, and educator (d. 1951)
    • 1886 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American author and playwright (d. 1967)
    • 1888 – Dennis Chávez, American journalist and politician (d. 1962)
    • 1889 – Adrian Boult, English conductor (d. 1983)
    • 1892 – Richard Neutra, Austrian-American architect, designed the Los Angeles County Hall of Records (d. 1970)
    • 1892 – Mary Pickford, Canadian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter, co-founded United Artists (d. 1979)
    • 1896 – Yip Harburg, American composer (d. 1981)
    • 1900 – Marie Byles, Australian solicitor (d. 1979)
    • 1902 – Andrew Irvine, English mountaineer and explorer (d. 1924)
    • 1902 – Maria Maksakova Sr., Russian soprano (d. 1974)
    • 1904 – John Hicks, English economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
    • 1904 – Hirsch Jacobs, American horse trainer (d. 1970)
    • 1905 – Joachim Büchner, German sprinter and graphic designer (d. 1978)
    • 1905 – Helen Joseph, English-South African activist (d. 1992)
    • 1905 – Erwin Keller, German field hockey player (d. 1971)
    • 1906 – Raoul Jobin, Canadian tenor and educator (d. 1974)
    • 1908 – Hugo Fregonese, Argentinian director and screenwriter (d. 1987)
    • 1909 – John Fante, American author and screenwriter (d. 1983)
    • 1910 – George Musso, American football player and police officer (d. 2000)
    • 1911 – Melvin Calvin, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
    • 1911 – Emil Cioran, Romanian-French philosopher and academic (d. 1995)
    • 1912 – Alois Brunner, Austrian-German SS officer (d. 2001 or 2010)
    • 1912 – Sonja Henie, Norwegian-American figure skater and actress (d. 1969)
    • 1914 – María Félix, Yaqui/Basque-Mexican actress (d. 2002)
    • 1915 – Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, philosopher and writer (d. 2007)
    • 1917 – Winifred Asprey, American mathematician and computer scientist (d. 2007)
    • 1917 – Lloyd Bott, Australian public servant (d. 2004)
    • 1917 – Hubertus Ernst, Dutch bishop (d. 2017)
    • 1917 – Grigori Kuzmin, Russian-Estonian astronomer (d. 1988)
    • 1918 – Betty Ford, American wife of Gerald Ford, 40th First Lady of the United States (d. 2011)
    • 1918 – Glendon Swarthout, American author and academic (d. 1992)
    • 1919 – Ian Smith, Zimbabwean lieutenant and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Rhodesia (d. 2007)
    • 1921 – Franco Corelli, Italian tenor and actor (d. 2003)
    • 1921 – Jan Novák, Czech composer (d. 1984)
    • 1921 – Herman van Raalte, Dutch footballer (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Carmen McRae, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actress (d. 1994)
    • 1923 – George Fisher, American cartoonist (d. 2003)
    • 1923 – Edward Mulhare, Irish-American actor (d. 1997)
    • 1924 – Frédéric Back, German-Canadian animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Anthony Farrar-Hockley, English general and historian (d. 2006)
    • 1924 – Kumar Gandharva, Hindustani classical singer (d. 1992)
    • 1924 – Sara Northrup Hollister, American occultist (d. 1997)
    • 1926 – Henry N. Cobb, American architect and academic, co-founded Pei Cobb Freed & Partners (d. 2020)
    • 1926 – Shecky Greene, American actor
    • 1926 – Jürgen Moltmann, German theologian and academic
    • 1927 – Tilly Armstrong, English author (d. 2010)
    • 1927 – Ollie Mitchell, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Fred Ebb, American lyricist (d. 2004)
    • 1929 – Jacques Brel, Belgian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1978)
    • 1929 – Renzo De Felice, Italian historian and author (d. 1996)
    • 1930 – Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma (d. 2010)
    • 1931 – John Gavin, American actor and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Mexico (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Iskandar of Johor (d. 2010)
    • 1933 – James Lockhart, American scholar of colonial Latin America, especially Nahua peoples (d. 2014)
    • 1934 – Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect, designed the Nakagin Capsule Tower and Singapore Flyer (d. 2007)
    • 1935 – Oscar Zeta Acosta, American lawyer and politician (d. 1974)
    • 1935 – Albert Bustamante, American soldier, educator, and politician
    • 1937 – Tony Barton, English footballer, outside right and manager (d. 1993)
    • 1937 – Seymour Hersh, American journalist and author
    • 1937 – Momo Kapor, Serbian author and painter (d. 2010)
    • 1938 – Kofi Annan, Ghanaian economist and diplomat, 7th Secretary-General of the United Nations (d. 2018)
    • 1938 – John Hamm, Canadian physician and politician, 25th Premier of Nova Scotia
    • 1938 – Mary W. Gray, American mathematician, statistician, and lawyer
    • 1939 – John Arbuthnott, Scottish microbiologist and academic
    • 1939 – Trina Schart Hyman, American author and illustrator (d. 2004)
    • 1940 – John Havlicek, American basketball player (d. 2019)
    • 1941 – J. J. Jackson, American soul/R&B singer, songwriter, and arranger
    • 1941 – Vivienne Westwood, English fashion designer
    • 1942 – Tony Banks, Baron Stratford, Northern Irish politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics (d. 2006)
    • 1942 – Roger Chapman, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1942 – Douglas Trumbull, American director, producer, and special effects artist
    • 1943 – Michael Bennett, American dancer, choreographer, and director (d. 1987)
    • 1943 – Miller Farr, American football player
    • 1943 – James Herbert, English author and illustrator (d. 2013)
    • 1943 – Chris Orr, English painter and illustrator
    • 1944 – Hywel Bennett, Welsh actor (d. 2017)
    • 1944 – Odd Nerdrum, Swedish-Norwegian painter and illustrator
    • 1945 – Derrick Walker, Scottish businessman
    • 1945 – Jang Yong, South Korean actor
    • 1946 – Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (d. 1999)
    • 1946 – Tim Thomerson, American actor and producer
    • 1947 – Tom DeLay, American lawyer and politician
    • 1947 – Steve Howe, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1947 – Robert Kiyosaki, American businessman, co-founded Cashflow Technologies
    • 1947 – Pascal Lamy, French businessman and politician, European Commissioner for Trade
    • 1947 – Larry Norman, American singer-songwriter, and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1948 – Barbara Young, Baroness Young of Old Scone, Scottish academic and politician
    • 1949 – K. C. Kamalasabayson, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 39th Attorney General of Sri Lanka (d. 2007)
    • 1949 – John Madden, English director and producer
    • 1949 – Brenda Russell, African-American-Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1949 – John Scott, English sociologist and academic
    • 1950 – Grzegorz Lato, Polish footballer and coach
    • 1951 – Gerd Andres, German politician
    • 1951 – Geir Haarde, Icelandic economist, journalist, and politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Iceland
    • 1951 – Mel Schacher, American bass player
    • 1951 – Joan Sebastian, Mexican singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2015)
    • 1952 – Ahmet Piriştina, Turkish politician (d. 2004)
    • 1954 – Gary Carter, American baseball player and coach (d. 2012)
    • 1954 – Princess Lalla Amina of Morocco (d. 2012)
    • 1954 – G.V. Loganathan, Indian-American engineer and academic (d. 2007)
    • 1955 – Ricky Bell, American football player (d. 1984)
    • 1955 – Gerrie Coetzee, South African boxer
    • 1955 – Ron Johnson, American businessman and politician
    • 1955 – Barbara Kingsolver, American novelist, essayist and poet
    • 1955 – David Wu, Taiwanese-American lawyer and politician
    • 1956 – Michael Benton, Scottish-English paleontologist and academic
    • 1956 – Christine Boisson, French actress
    • 1956 – Roman Dragoun, Czech singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1956 – Jim Piddock, English actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1957 – Fred Smerlas, American football player and radio host
    • 1958 – Detlef Bruckhoff, German footballer
    • 1958 – Tom Petranoff, American javelin thrower and coach
    • 1959 – Alain Bondue, French cyclist
    • 1960 – John Schneider, American actor and country singer
    • 1961 – Richard Hatch, American reality contestant
    • 1961 – Brian McDermott, English footballer and manager
    • 1962 – Paddy Lowe, English engineer
    • 1962 – Izzy Stradlin, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1963 – Tine Asmundsen, Norwegian bassist
    • 1963 – Julian Lennon, English singer-songwriter
    • 1963 – Terry Porter, American basketball player and coach
    • 1963 – Donita Sparks, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1963 – Alec Stewart, English cricketer
    • 1963 – Seth Tobias, American businessman (d. 2007)
    • 1964 – Biz Markie, American rapper, producer, and actor
    • 1964 – John McGinlay, Scottish footballer and manager
    • 1965 – Steven Blaney, Canadian businessman and politician, 5th Canadian Minister of Public Safety
    • 1965 – Michael Jones, New Zealand rugby player and coach
    • 1966 – Iveta Bartošová, Czech singer and actress (d. 2014)
    • 1966 – Mark Blundell, English race car driver
    • 1966 – Andy Currier, English rugby league player
    • 1966 – Charlotte Dawson, New Zealand-Australian television host (d. 2014)
    • 1966 – Dalton Grant, English high jumper
    • 1966 – Mazinho, Brazilian footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1966 – Harri Rovanperä, Finnish race car driver
    • 1966 – Evripidis Stylianidis, Greek lawyer and politician, Greek Minister for the Interior
    • 1966 – Robin Wright, American actress, director, producer
    • 1967 – Kenny Benjamin, Antiguan cricketer
    • 1968 – Patricia Arquette, French-Canadian Russian/Polish Jewish-American actress and director
    • 1968 – Patricia Girard, French runner and hurdler
    • 1968 – Tracy Grammer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1971 – Darren Jessee, American singer-songwriter and drummer
    • 1972 – Paul Gray, American bass player and songwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1972 – Sergei Magnitsky, Russian lawyer and accountant (d. 2009)
    • 1973 – Khaled Badra, Tunisian footballer
    • 1973 – Emma Caulfield, American actress
    • 1974 – Toutai Kefu, Tongan-Australian rugby player
    • 1974 – Nnedi Okorafor, Nigerian-American author and educator
    • 1975 – Anouk, Dutch singer
    • 1975 – Francesco Flachi, Italian footballer
    • 1975 – Timo Pérez, Dominican-American baseball player
    • 1975 – Funda Arar, Turkish singer
    • 1977 – Ana de la Reguera, Mexican actress
    • 1977 – Mehran Ghassemi, Iranian journalist and author (d. 2008)
    • 1977 – Mark Spencer, American computer programmer and engineer
    • 1978 – Daigo, Japanese singer-songwriter, actor, and voice actor
    • 1978 – Bernt Haas, Austrian-Swiss footballer
    • 1978 – Rachel Roberts, Canadian model and actress
    • 1978 – Jocelyn Robichaud, Canadian tennis player and coach
    • 1978 – Evans Rutto, Kenyan runner
    • 1979 – Alexi Laiho, Finnish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1979 – Amit Trivedi, Indian singer-songwriter
    • 1980 – Manuel Ortega, Austrian singer
    • 1980 – Katee Sackhoff, American actress
    • 1980 – Mariko Seyama, Japanese announcer, photographer, and model
    • 1981 – Frédérick Bousquet, French swimmer
    • 1981 – Ofer Shechter, Israeli model, actor, and screenwriter
    • 1982 – Gennady Golovkin, Kazakhstani boxer
    • 1982 – Brett White, Australian rugby league player
    • 1983 – Tatyana Petrova Arkhipova, Russian runner
    • 1984 – Michelle Donelan, British politician
    • 1984 – Ezra Koenig, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1984 – Pablo Portillo, Mexican singer and actor
    • 1984 – Taran Noah Smith, American actor
    • 1985 – Patrick Schliwa, German rugby player
    • 1985 – Yemane Tsegay, Ethiopian runner
    • 1986 – Igor Akinfeev, Russian footballer
    • 1986 – Félix Hernández, Venezuelan-American baseball player
    • 1987 – Royston Drenthe, Dutch footballer
    • 1987 – Jeremy Hellickson, American baseball player
    • 1987 – Sam Rapira, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1988 – Jenni Asserholt, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1988 – Kim Myung-sung, South Korean baseball player
    • 1990 – Kim Jong-hyun, South Korean singer (d. 2017)
    • 1993 – Viktor Arvidsson, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1993 – Zac Santo, Australian rugby league player
    • 1994 – Josh Chudleigh, Australian rugby league player
    • 1995 – Cedi Osman, Turkish professional basketball player
    • 1997 – Saygrace, Australian singer and songwriter
    • 1997 – Arno Verschueren, Belgian professional football player

    Deaths on April 8

    • 217 – Caracalla, Roman emperor (b. 188)
    • 622 – Shōtoku, Japanese prince (b. 572)
    • 632 – Charibert II, Frankish king (b. 607)
    • 894 – Adalelm, Frankish nobleman
    • 944 – Wang Yanxi, Chinese emperor
    • 956 – Gilbert, Frankish nobleman
    • 967 – Mu’izz al-Dawla, Buyid emir (b. 915)
    • 1143 – John II Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1087)
    • 1150 – Gertrude of Babenberg , duchess of Bohemia (b. 1118)
    • 1321 – Thomas of Tolentino, Italian-Franciscan missionary (b. c. 1255)
    • 1338 – Stephen Gravesend, bishop of London
    • 1364 – John II, French king (b. 1319)
    • 1450 – Sejong the Great, Korean king (b. 1397)
    • 1461 – Georg von Peuerbach, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1423)
    • 1492 – Lorenzo de’ Medici, Italian ruler (b. 1449)
    • 1551 – Oda Nobuhide, Japanese warlord (b. 1510)
    • 1586 – Martin Chemnitz, Lutheran theologian and reformer (b. 1522)
    • 1608 – Magdalen Dacre, English noble (b. 1538)
    • 1612 – Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (b. 1575)
    • 1691 – Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect, designed the Santa Maria dei Miracoli and Santa Maria in Montesanto (b. 1611)
    • 1697 – Niels Juel, Norwegian-Danish admiral (b. 1629)
    • 1704 – Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist and philologist (b. 1624)
    • 1704 – Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English colonel and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1641)
    • 1709 – Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
    • 1725 – John Wise, American minister (b. 1652)
    • 1735 – Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian prince (b. 1676)
    • 1848 – Gaetano Donizetti, Italian composer (b. 1797)
    • 1860 – István Széchenyi, Hungarian statesman and reformer (b.1791)
    • 1861 – Elisha Otis, American businessman, founded the Otis Elevator Company (b. 1811)
    • 1870 – Charles Auguste de Bériot, Belgian violinist and composer (b. 1802)
    • 1894 – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian journalist, author, and poet (b. 1838)
    • 1906 – Auguste Deter, German woman, first person diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (b. 1850)
    • 1919 – Loránd Eötvös, Hungarian physicist, academic, and politician, Hungarian Minister of Education (b. 1848)
    • 1920 – Charles Griffes, American pianist and composer (b. 1884)
    • 1931 – Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish poet Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1864)
    • 1936 – Róbert Bárány, Austrian physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
    • 1936 – Božena Benešová, Czech poet and novelist (b. 1873)
    • 1941 – Marcel Prévost, French novelist and playwright (b. 1862)
    • 1942 – Kostas Skarvelis, Greek guitarist and composer (b. 1880)
    • 1947 – Olaf Frydenlund, Norwegian target shooter (b. 1862)
    • 1950 – Vaslav Nijinsky, Polish dancer and choreographer (b. 1890)
    • 1959 – Marios Makrionitis, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Athens (b. 1913)
    • 1961 – Joseph Carrodus, Australian public servant (b. 1885)
    • 1962 – Juan Belmonte, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1892)
    • 1965 – Lars Hanson, Swedish actor (b. 1886)
    • 1969 – Zinaida Aksentyeva, Ukrainian astronomer (b. 1900)
    • 1973 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (b. 1881)
    • 1974 – James Charles McGuigan, Canadian cardinal (b. 1894)
    • 1979 – Breece D’J Pancake, American short story writer (b. 1952)
    • 1981 – Omar Bradley, American general (b. 1893)
    • 1983 – Isamu Kosugi, Japanese actor and director (b. 1904)
    • 1984 – Pyotr Kapitsa, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1894)
    • 1985 – John Frederick Coots, American pianist and composer (b. 1897)
    • 1990 – Ryan White, American activist, inspired the Ryan White Care Act (b. 1971)
    • 1991 – Per Ohlin, Swedish musician (b. 1969)
    • 1992 – Daniel Bovet, Swiss-Italian pharmacologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1907)
    • 1993 – Marian Anderson, American operatic singer (b. 1897)
    • 1994 – François Rozet, French-Canadian actor (b. 1899)
    • 1996 – Ben Johnson, American actor and stuntman (b. 1918)
    • 1996 – León Klimovsky, Argentinian-Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1906)
    • 1996 – Mick Young, Australian politician (b. 1936)
    • 1997 – Laura Nyro, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1947)
    • 2000 – František Šťastný, Czech motorcycle racer (b. 1927)
    • 2000 – Claire Trevor, American actress (b. 1910)
    • 2002 – María Félix, Mexican actress (b. 1914)
    • 2002 – Harvey Quaytman, American painter (b. 1937)
    • 2004 – Werner Schumacher, German actor (b. 1921)
    • 2005 – Onna White, Canadian choreographer and dancer (b. 1922)
    • 2006 – Gerard Reve, Dutch author and poet (b. 1923)
    • 2007 – Sol LeWitt, American painter and sculptor (b. 1928)
    • 2008 – Kazuo Shiraga, Japanese painter (b. 1924)
    • 2009 – Richard de Mille, American Scientologist, author, investigative journalist, and psychologist (b. 1922)
    • 2009 – Piotr Morawski, Polish mountaineer (b. 1976)
    • 2010 – Malcolm McLaren, English singer-songwriter (b. 1946)
    • 2010 – Teddy Scholten, Dutch singer (b. 1926)
    • 2011 – Hedda Sterne, Romanian-American painter and photographer (b. 1910)
    • 2012 – Blair Kiel, American football player and coach (b. 1961)
    • 2012 – Jack Tramiel, Polish-American businessman, founded Commodore International (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Janusz K. Zawodny, Polish-American soldier, historian, and political scientist (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Mikhail Beketov, Russian journalist (b. 1958)
    • 2013 – Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (b. 1942)
    • 2013 – Sara Montiel, Spanish-Mexican actress and singer (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – José Luis Sampedro, Spanish economist and author (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Margaret Thatcher, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Emmanuel III Delly, Iraqi patriarch (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Karlheinz Deschner, German author and activist (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Ivan Mercep, New Zealand architect, designed the Te Papa Tongarewa Museum (b. 1930)
    • 2015 – Jayakanthan, Indian journalist and author (b. 1934)
    • 2015 – Rayson Huang, Hong Kong chemist and academic (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Sergei Lashchenko, Ukrainian kick-boxer (b. 1987)
    • 2015 – David Laventhol, American journalist and publisher (b. 1933)
    • 2015 – Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (b. 1936)

    Holidays and observances on April 8

    • Buddha’s Birthday, also known as Hana Matsuri, “Flower Festival” (Japan)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Anne Ayres (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • Constantina
      • Julie Billiart of Namur
      • Perpetuus
      • Walter of Pontoise
      • William Augustus Muhlenberg (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • April 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which Fast and Prayer Day can fall, while April 14 is the latest; celebrated on the second Friday in April (Liberia)
    • International Romani Day

  • March 19- History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire.
    • 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends the Song dynasty in China.
    • 1284 – The Statute of Rhuddlan incorporates the Principality of Wales into England.
    • 1563 – The Edict of Amboise is signed, ending the first phase of the French Wars of Religion and granting certain freedoms to the Huguenots.
    • 1649 – The House of Commons of England passes an act abolishing the House of Lords, declaring it “useless and dangerous to the people of England”.
    • 1687 – Explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle, searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River, is murdered by his own men.
    • 1812 – The Cortes of Cádiz promulgates the Spanish Constitution of 1812.
    • 1853 – The Taiping reform movement occupies and makes Nanjing its capital until 1864.
    • 1861 – The First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand.
    • 1863 – The SS Georgiana, said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is destroyed on her maiden voyage with a cargo of munitions, medicines, and merchandise then valued at over $1,000,000.
    • 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle two days later, Confederate forces had retreated from Four Oaks, North Carolina.
    • 1885 – Louis Riel declares a provisional government in Saskatchewan, beginning the North-West Rebellion.
    • 1895 – Auguste and Louis Lumière record their first footage using their newly patented cinematograph.
    • 1918 – The US Congress establishes time zones and approves daylight saving time.
    • 1920 – The United States Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for the second time (the first time was on November 19, 1919).
    • 1921 – Irish War of Independence: One of the biggest engagements of the war takes place at Crossbarry, County Cork. About 100 Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteers escape an attempt by over 1,300 British forces to encircle them.
    • 1931 – Gambling is legalized in Nevada.
    • 1932 – The Sydney Harbour Bridge is opened.
    • 1943 – Frank Nitti, the Chicago Outfit Boss after Al Capone, commits suicide at the Chicago Central Railyard.
    • 1944 – World War II: The German army occupies Hungary.
    • 1945 – World War II: Off the coast of Japan, a dive bomber hits the aircraft carrier USS Franklin, killing 724 of her crew. Badly damaged, the ship is able to return to the US under her own power.
    • 1945 – World War II: Adolf Hitler issues his “Nero Decree” ordering all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities, and communications facilities in Germany to be destroyed.
    • 1946 – French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion become overseas départements of France.
    • 1954 – Joey Giardello knocks out Willie Tory in round seven at Madison Square Garden in the first televised prize boxing fight shown in colour.
    • 1954 – Willie Mosconi sets a world record by running 526 consecutive balls without a miss during a straight pool exhibition at East High Billiard Club in Springfield, Ohio, setting a record that remains unbroken.
    • 1958 – The Monarch Underwear Company fire leaves 24 dead and 15 injured.
    • 1962 – Highly influential artist Bob Dylan releases his first album, Bob Dylan, for Columbia Records.
    • 1962 – The Algerian War of Independence ends.
    • 1964 – Over 500,000 Brazilians attend the March of the Family with God for Liberty, in protest against the government of João Goulart and against communism.
    • 1965 – The wreck of the SS Georgiana, valued at over $50,000,000 and said to have been the most powerful Confederate cruiser, is discovered by teenage diver and pioneer underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence, exactly 102 years after its destruction.
    • 1966 – 1965–66 Texas Western Miners men’s basketball team wins the NCAA Division I Men’s Basketball Tournament.
    • 1969 – The 385-metre-tall (1,263 ft) TV-mast at Emley Moor transmitting station, United Kingdom, collapses due to ice build-up.
    • 1979 – The United States House of Representatives begins broadcasting its day-to-day business via the cable television network C-SPAN.
    • 1982 – Falklands War: Argentinian forces land on South Georgia Island, precipitating war with the United Kingdom.
    • 1987 – Televangelist Jim Bakker resigns as head of the PTL Club due to a brewing sex scandal; he hands over control to Jerry Falwell.
    • 1989 – The Egyptian flag is raised at Taba, marking the end of Israeli occupation since the Six Days War in 1967 and the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty in 1979.
    • 1990 – The ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș begin four days after the anniversary of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire.
    • 1998 – An Ariana Afghan Airlines Boeing 727 crashes on approach to Kabul International Airport, killing all 45 on board.
    • 2002 – Zimbabwe is suspended from the Commonwealth on charges of human rights abuses and of electoral fraud, following a turbulent presidential election.
    • 2004 – Catalina affair: A Swedish DC-3 shot down by a Soviet MiG-15 in 1952 over the Baltic Sea is finally recovered after years of work.
    • 2004 – March 19 Shooting Incident: The Republic of China(Taiwan) president Chen Shui-bian was shot just before the country’s presidential election on March 20.
    • 2008 – GRB 080319B: A cosmic burst that is the farthest object visible to the naked eye is briefly observed.
    • 2011 – Libyan Civil War: After the failure of Muammar Gaddafi’s forces to take Benghazi, the French Air Force launches Opération Harmattan, beginning foreign military intervention in Libya.
    • 2013 – A series of bombings and shootings kills at least 98 people and injures 240 others across Iraq.
    • 2016 – Flydubai Flight 981 crashes while attempting to land at Rostov-on-Don international airport, killing all 62 on board.
    • 2016 – An explosion occurs in Taksim Square in Istanbul, Turkey, killing five people and injuring 36.
    • 2018 – The last male northern white rhinoceros, Sudan, dies, ensuring a chance of extinction for the species.

    Births on March 19

    • 1206 – Güyük Khan, Mongol ruler, 3rd Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (d. 1248)
    • 1434 – Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1443)
    • 1488 – Johannes Magnus, Swedish archbishop and theologian (d. 1544)
    • 1534 – José de Anchieta, Spanish missionary and saint (d. 1597)
    • 1542 – Jan Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (d. 1605)
    • 1601 – Alonzo Cano, Spanish painter, sculptor, and architect (d. 1667)
    • 1604 – John IV of Portugal (d. 1656)
    • 1641 – Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi, Syrian author and scholar (d. 1731)
    • 1661 – Francesco Gasparini, Italian composer and educator (d. 1727)
    • 1684 – Jean Astruc, French physician and scholar (d. 1766)
    • 1721 – Tobias Smollett, Scottish-Italian poet and author (d. 1771) (baptised on this day)
    • 1734 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of Pennsylvania (d. 1817)
    • 1739 – Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, French lawyer and politician (d. 1824)
    • 1742 – Túpac Amaru II, Peruvian rebel leader (d. 1781)
    • 1748 – Elias Hicks, American farmer, minister, and theologian (d. 1830)
    • 1778 – Edward Pakenham, Anglo-Irish general and politician (d. 1815)
    • 1809 – Fredrik Pacius, German composer and conductor (d. 1891)
    • 1813 – David Livingstone, Scottish missionary and explorer (d. 1873)
    • 1816 – Johannes Verhulst, Dutch composer and conductor (d. 1891)
    • 1821 – Richard Francis Burton, English soldier, geographer, and diplomat (d. 1890)
    • 1823 – Arthur Blyth, English-Australian politician, 9th Premier of South Australia (d. 1891)
    • 1824 – William Allingham, Irish poet, author, and scholar (d. 1889)
    • 1829 – Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish businessman (d. 1901)
    • 1844 – Minna Canth, Finnish journalist, playwright, and activist (d. 1897)
    • 1847 – Albert Pinkham Ryder, American painter (d. 1917)
    • 1848 – Wyatt Earp, American police officer (d. 1929)
    • 1849 – Alfred von Tirpitz, German admiral and politician (d. 1930)
    • 1858 – Kang Youwei, Chinese scholar and politician (d. 1927)
    • 1860 – William Jennings Bryan, American lawyer and politician, 41st United States Secretary of State (d. 1925)
    • 1861 – Lomer Gouin, Canadian lawyer and politician, 13th Premier of Quebec (d. 1929)
    • 1864 – Charles Marion Russell, American painter and sculptor (d. 1926)
    • 1865 – William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist, myrmecologist, and academic (d. 1937)
    • 1868 – Senda Berenson Abbott, Lithuanian-American basketball player and educator (d. 1954)
    • 1871 – Schofield Haigh, English cricketer and coach (d. 1921)
    • 1872 – Anna Held, Polish singer (d. 1918)
    • 1873 – Max Reger, German pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1916)
    • 1875 – Zhang Zuolin, Chinese warlord (d. 1928)
    • 1876 – Felix Jacoby, German philologist (d. 1959)
    • 1880 – Ernestine Rose, American librarian and advocate (d. 1961)
    • 1881 – Edith Nourse Rogers, American social worker and politician (d. 1960)
    • 1882 – Gaston Lachaise, French-American sculptor (d. 1935)
    • 1883 – Norman Haworth, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
    • 1883 – Joseph Stilwell, American general (d. 1946)
    • 1885 – Attik, Greek composer (d. 1944)
    • 1888 – Josef Albers, German-American painter and educator (d. 1976)
    • 1888 – Léon Scieur, Belgian cyclist (d. 1969)
    • 1891 – Earl Warren, American lieutenant, jurist, and politician, 14th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1974)
    • 1892 – Theodore Sizer, American professor of the history of art (d. 1967)
    • 1892 – Ado Vabbe, Estonian painter (d. 1961)
    • 1892 – James Van Fleet, American general and diplomat (d. 1992)
    • 1894 – Moms Mabley, American comedian and singer (d. 1975)
    • 1900 – Carmen Carbonell, Spanish stage and film actress (d. 1988)
    • 1900 – Frédéric Joliot-Curie, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
    • 1901 – Jo Mielziner, French-American set designer (d. 1976)
    • 1904 – John Sirica, American lawyer and judge (d. 1992)
    • 1905 – Joe Rollino, American weightlifter and boxer (d. 2010)
    • 1905 – Albert Speer, German architect and politician (d. 1981)
    • 1906 – Adolf Eichmann, German SS officer (d. 1962)
    • 1906 – Clara Breed, American librarian and activist (d. 1994)
    • 1909 – Louis Hayward, South African-born American actor (d. 1985)
    • 1910 – Joseph Carroll, American general (d. 1991)
    • 1912 – Hugh Watt, Australian-New Zealand engineer and politician, Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1980)
    • 1914 – Leonidas Alaoglu, Canadian-American mathematician and theorist (d. 1981)
    • 1914 – Jay Berwanger, American football player and coach (d. 2002)
    • 1915 – Robert G. Cole, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1944)
    • 1915 – Patricia Morison, American actress and singer (d. 2018)
    • 1916 – Eric Christmas, English-Canadian actor (d. 2000)
    • 1916 – Irving Wallace, American journalist, author, and screenwriter (d. 1990)
    • 1917 – Laszlo Szabo, Hungarian chess player (d. 1998)
    • 1919 – Lennie Tristano, American pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1978)
    • 1920 – Kjell Aukrust, Norwegian author, poet, and painter (d. 2002)
    • 1921 – Tommy Cooper, British magician and prop comedian (d. 1984)
    • 1922 – Guy Lewis, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1922 – Hiroo Onoda, Japanese lieutenant (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – Pamela Britton, American actress (d. 1974)
    • 1923 – Benito Jacovitti, Italian illustrator (d. 1997)
    • 1923 – Henry Morgentaler, Polish-Canadian physician and activist (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Joe Gaetjens, Haitian footballer (d. 1964)
    • 1925 – Brent Scowcroft, American general and diplomat, 9th United States National Security Advisor
    • 1927 – Richie Ashburn, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1997)
    • 1928 – Hans Küng, Swiss theologian and author
    • 1928 – Patrick McGoohan, Irish-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1931 – Emma Andijewska, Ukrainian poet, writer and painter
    • 1932 – Gay Brewer, American golfer (d. 2007)
    • 1932 – Peter Hall, English geographer, author, and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1932 – Gail Kobe, American actress and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1933 – Phyllis Newman, American actress and singer (d. 2019)
    • 1933 – Philip Roth, American novelist (d. 2018)
    • 1933 – Renée Taylor, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1933 – Richard Williams, Canadian-English animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 2019)
    • 1935 – Nancy Malone, American actress, director, and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1936 – Ursula Andress, Swiss model and actress
    • 1936 – Ben Lexcen, Australian sailor and architect (d. 1988)
    • 1937 – Clarence “Frogman” Henry, American R&B singer and pianist
    • 1937 – Egon Krenz, German politician
    • 1938 – Joe Kapp, American football player, coach, and actor
    • 1942 – Heather Robertson, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2014)
    • 1943 – Mario J. Molina, Mexican chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1943 – Mario Monti, Italian economist and politician, Prime Minister of Italy
    • 1943 – Vern Schuppan, Australian race car driver
    • 1944 – Said Musa, Belizean lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Belize
    • 1945 – John Holder, English cricketer and umpire
    • 1945 – Modestas Paulauskas, Lithuanian basketball player and coach
    • 1946 – Ruth Pointer, American musician
    • 1947 – Glenn Close, American actress, singer, and producer
    • 1947 – Marinho Peres, Brazilian footballer and coach
    • 1948 – David Schnitter, American saxophonist and educator
    • 1949 – Blase J. Cupich, American theologian and cardinal
    • 1950 – José S. Palma, Filipino archbishop
    • 1952 – Warren Lees, New Zealand cricketer and coach
    • 1952 – Martin Ravallion, Australian economist and academic
    • 1952 – Harvey Weinstein, American director and producer
    • 1953 – Ian Blair, English police officer
    • 1953 – Peter Hendy, English businessman
    • 1953 – Ricky Wilson, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 1985)
    • 1954 – Cho Kwang-rae, South Korean footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1955 – Bruce Willis, German-American actor and producer
    • 1956 – Yegor Gaidar, Russian economist and politician, First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia (d. 2009)
    • 1958 – Andy Reid, American football player and coach
    • 1960 – Eliane Elias, Brazilian singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1962 – Iván Calderón, Puerto Rican-American baseball player (d. 2003)
    • 1963 – Neil LaBute, American director and screenwriter
    • 1964 – Yoko Kanno, Japanese pianist and composer
    • 1964 – Jake Weber, English actor
    • 1966 – Michael Crockart, Scottish police officer and politician
    • 1966 – Olaf Marschall, German footballer and manager
    • 1966 – Andy Sinton, English international footballer, midfielder and manager
    • 1967 – Vladimir Konstantinov, Russian-American ice hockey player
    • 1968 – Tyrone Hill, American basketball player and coach
    • 1970 – Harald Johnsen, Norwegian bassist and composer (d. 2011)
    • 1970 – Michael Krumm, German race car driver
    • 1973 – Ashley Giles, English cricketer and coach
    • 1975 – Antonio Daniels, American basketball player
    • 1975 – Matthew Richardson, Australian footballer and sportscaster
    • 1976 – Andre Miller, American basketball player
    • 1976 – Alessandro Nesta, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1978 – Cydonie Mothersille, Jamaican-Caymanian sprinter
    • 1979 – Sheldon Brown, American football player
    • 1979 – Hee-seop Choi, South Korean-American baseball player
    • 1979 – Ivan Ljubičić, Croatian tennis player
    • 1979 – Christos Patsatzoglou, Greek footballer
    • 1979 – Hedo Türkoğlu, Turkish basketball player
    • 1980 – Luca Ferri, Italian footballer
    • 1980 – Taichi Ishikari, Japanese wrestler
    • 1980 – Mikuni Shimokawa, Japanese singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Steve Cummings, English cyclist
    • 1981 – Kolo Touré, Ivorian footballer
    • 1982 – Jonathan Fanene, American football player
    • 1982 – Brad Jones, Australian footballer
    • 1982 – Eduardo Saverin, Brazilian-Singaporean businessman
    • 1982 – Yoshikaze Masatsugu, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1985 – Inesa Jurevičiūtė, Lithuanian figure skater
    • 1986 – Tyler Bozak, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Michal Švec, Czech footballer
    • 1987 – Miloš Teodosić, Serbian basketball player
    • 1988 – Clayton Kershaw, American baseball player
    • 1991 – Aleksandr Kokorin, Russian footballer
    • 1993 – Mateusz Szwoch, Polish footballer
    • 1993 – Hakim Ziyech, Moroccan footballer
    • 1995 – Alexei Sintsov, Russian figure skater
    • 1995 – Héctor Bellerín, Spanish footballer
    • 1996 – Barbara Haas, Austrian tennis player

    Deaths on March 19

    • 235 – Severus Alexander, Roman emperor (b. 208)
    • 953 – Al-Mansur Billah, caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate (b. 913)
    • 968 – Emma of Paris, duchess of Normandy (b. 943)
    • 1238 – Henry the Bearded, Polish duke and son of Bolesław I the Tall (b. 1163)
    • 1263 – Hugh of Saint-Cher, French cardinal (b. 1200)
    • 1279 – Zhao Bing, Chinese emperor (b. 1271)
    • 1286 – Alexander III, king of Scotland (b. 1241)
    • 1330 – Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1301)
    • 1372 – John II, marquess of Montferrat (b. 1321)
    • 1533 – John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, English baron and statesman (b. 1467)
    • 1534 – Michael Weiße, German theologian (b. c. 1488)
    • 1539 – Lord Edmund Howard, English nobleman (b. c. 1478)
    • 1563 – Arthur Brooke, English poet
    • 1568 – Elizabeth Seymour, Lady Cromwell, English noblewoman (b.c. 1518)
    • 1581 – Francis I, duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1510)
    • 1612 – Sophia Olelkovich Radziwill, Belarusian saint (b. 1585)
    • 1637 – Péter Pázmány, Hungarian cardinal (b. 1570)
    • 1649 – Gerhard Johann Vossius, German scholar and theologian (b. 1577)
    • 1683 – Thomas Killigrew, English playwright and manager (b. 1612)
    • 1687 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French-American explorer (b. 1643)
    • 1697 – Nicolaus Bruhns, German organist and composer (b. 1665)
    • 1711 – Thomas Ken, English bishop and hymn-writer (b. 1637)
    • 1717 – John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, Scottish soldier (b. 1636)
    • 1721 – Pope Clement XI (b. 1649)
    • 1783 – Frederick Cornwallis, English archbishop (b. 1713)
    • 1790 – Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha, Ottoman general and politician, 182nd Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1713)
    • 1797 – Philip Hayes, English organist and composer (b. 1738)
    • 1816 – Philip Mazzei, Italian-American physician and philosopher (b. 1730)
    • 1871 – Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger, Austrian mineralogist, geologist, and physicist (b. 1795)
    • 1897 – Antoine Thomson d’Abbadie, Irish-French geographer, ethnologist, linguist, and astronomer (b. 1810)
    • 1900 – John Bingham, American lawyer and politician, 7th United States Ambassador to Japan (b. 1815)
    • 1900 – Charles-Louis Hanon, French pianist and composer (b. 1819)
    • 1914 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian priest, geologist, and volcanologist (b. 1850)
    • 1919 – Emma Bell Miles, American writer, poet, and artist of Appalachia (b. 1879)
    • 1930 – Arthur Balfour, Scottish-English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1848)
    • 1930 – Henry Lefroy, Australian politician, 11th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1854)
    • 1942 – Clinton Hart Merriam, American zoologist, ornithologist, and entomologist (b. 1855)
    • 1944 – William Hale Thompson, American rancher and politician, 41st Mayor of Chicago (b. 1869)
    • 1949 – James Somerville, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (b. 1882)
    • 1949 – James Newland, Australian soldier and policeman (b. 1881)
    • 1950 – Edgar Rice Burroughs, American soldier and author (b. 1875)
    • 1950 – Norman Haworth, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1883)
    • 1951 – Dmytro Doroshenko, Ukrainian historian and politician, Prime Minister of Ukraine (b. 1882)
    • 1976 – Albert Dieudonné, French actor and author (b. 1889)
    • 1976 – Paul Kossoff, English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1950)
    • 1977 – William L. Laurence, Lithuanian-born American journalist and author (b. 1888)
    • 1978 – M. A. Ayyangar, Indian lawyer and politician, 2nd Speaker of the Lok Sabha (b. 1891)
    • 1982 – J. B. Kripalani, Indian lawyer and politician (b. 1888)
    • 1982 – Randy Rhoads, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1956)
    • 1984 – Garry Winogrand, American photographer (b. 1928)
    • 1986 – Sabino Barinaga, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1922)
    • 1987 – Louis de Broglie, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
    • 1988 – Bun Cook, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1904)
    • 1990 – Andrew Wood, American singer-songwriter (b. 1966)
    • 1993 – Henrik Sandberg, Danish production manager and producer (b. 1915)
    • 1996 – Lise Østergaard, Danish psychologist and politician (b. 1924)
    • 1996 – Virginia Henderson, American nurse, researcher, theorist and author (b. 1897)
    • 1997 – Willem de Kooning, Dutch-American painter and educator (b. 1904)
    • 1997 – Eugène Guillevic, French poet and author (b. 1907)
    • 1998 – E. M. S. Namboodiripad, Indian theorist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Kerala (b. 1909)
    • 1999 – Tofilau Eti Alesana, Samoan politician, 5th Prime Minister of Samoa (b. 1924)
    • 2000 – Joanne Weaver, American baseball player (b. 1935)
    • 2000 – Shafiq-ur-Rahman, Pakistani physician and author (b. 1920)
    • 2003 – Michael Mathias Prechtl, German soldier and illustrator (b. 1926)
    • 2004 – Mitchell Sharp, Canadian economist and politician, 23rd Canadian Minister of Finance (b. 1911)
    • 2005 – John DeLorean, American engineer and businessman, founded the DeLorean Motor Company (b. 1925)
    • 2008 – Arthur C. Clarke, British science fiction writer (b. 1917)
    • 2008 – Hugo Claus, Belgian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1929)
    • 2008 – Paul Scofield, English actor (b. 1922)
    • 2009 – Maria Bergson, Austrian-American architect and interior designer (b. 1914)
    • 2011 – Kym Bonython, Australian drummer and radio host (b. 1920)
    • 2012 – Jim Case, American director and producer (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Ulu Grosbard, Belgian-American director and producer (b. 1929)
    • 2012 – Hugo Munthe-Kaas, Norwegian intelligence agent (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – Patrick Joseph McGovern, American businessman, founded IDG (b. 1937)
    • 2014 – Fred Phelps, American lawyer, pastor, and activist, founded the Westboro Baptist Church (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Heather Robertson, Canadian journalist and author (b. 1942)
    • 2014 – Robert S. Strauss, American diplomat, United States Ambassador to Russia (b. 1918)
    • 2014 – Lawrence Walsh, Canadian-American lawyer, judge, and politician, 4th United States Deputy Attorney General (b. 1912)
    • 2014 – Joseph F. Weis, Jr., American lawyer and judge (b. 1923)
    • 2015 – Gus Douglass, American farmer and politician (b. 1927)
    • 2015 – Safet Plakalo, Bosnian author and playwright (b. 1950)
    • 2015 – Danny Schechter, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
    • 2016 – Roger Agnelli, Brazilian banker and businessman (b. 1959)
    • 2016 – Jack Mansell, English footballer and manager (b. 1927)
    • 2019 – William Whitfield, British architect (b. 1920)

    Holidays and observances on March 19

    • Christian feast day:
      • Alkmund of Derby
      • Saint Joseph (Western Christianity; if this date falls on Sunday, the feast is moved to Monday March 20)
      • March 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which Maundy Thursday can fall, while April 22 is the latest; celebrated on Thursday before Easter (Christianity)
    • Minna Canth’s Birthday (Finland)
    • Kashubian Unity Day (Poland)
    • St Joseph’s Day (Roman Catholicism and Anglican Communion) related observances:
      • Falles, celebrated on the week leading to March 19 (Valencia)
      • Father’s Day (Spain, Portugal, Italy, Honduras, and Bolivia)
      • “Return of the Swallow”, annual observance of the swallows’ return to Mission San Juan Capistrano in California

  • March 15- History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    In the Roman calendar, March 15 was known as the Ides of March.

    March 15 in History

    • 474 BC – Roman consul Gnaeus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years’ truce.
    • 44 BC – Marcus Junius Brutus the Younger and his fellow conspirators, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Junius Brutus, and several other Roman senators, march to the Capitol following the assassination of Julius Caesar, but there is no response to their appeals to the population, who have left the streets in fear. Caesar’s body remains in its place
    • 351 – Constantius II elevates his cousin Gallus to Caesar, and puts him in charge of the Eastern part of the Roman Empire.
    • 493 – Odoacer, the first barbarian King of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, is slain by Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, while the two kings were feasting together.
    • 856 – Michael III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire, overthrows the regency of his mother, empress Theodora (wife of Theophilos) with support of the Byzantine nobility.
    • 933 – After a ten-year truce, German King Henry the Fowler defeats a Hungarian army at the Battle of Riade near the Unstrut river.
    • 1147 – Conquest of Santarém: The forces of Afonso I of Portugal capture Santarém.
    • 1311 – Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V, Count of Brienne to take control of the Duchy of Athens, a Crusader state in Greece.
    • 1493 – Christopher Columbus returns to Spain after his first trip to the Americas.
    • 1564 – Mughal Emperor Akbar abolishes “jizya” (per capita tax).
    • 1672 – Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence.
    • 1781 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Guilford Court House: Near present-day Greensboro, North Carolina, 1,900 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis defeat a mixed American force numbering 4,400 in a Pyrrhic victory.
    • 1783 – In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful and the threatened coup d’état never takes place.
    • 1819 – French physicist Augustin Fresnel is adjudged the winner of the Grand Prix of the Académie des Sciences for his “Memoir on the Diffraction of Light”, which verifies the Fresnel integrals, accounts for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishes Newton’s initial objection to the wave theory of light.
    • 1820 – Maine becomes the 23rd U.S. state.
    • 1827 – University of Toronto is founded.
    • 1848 – A revolution breaks out in Hungary. The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform party.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: The Red River Campaign: U.S. Navy fleet arrives at Alexandria, Louisiana.
    • 1874 – France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.
    • 1875 – Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States.
    • 1877 – First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.
    • 1878 – Restoration of the Scottish Catholic hierarchy, broken off back in 1603.
    • 1888 – Start of the Anglo-Tibetan War of 1888.
    • 1895 – Heian Shrine is founded.
    • 1906 – Rolls-Royce Limited is incorporated.
    • 1916 – United States President Woodrow Wilson sends 4,800 United States troops over the U.S.–Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa.
    • 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the Russian throne ending the 304-year Romanov dynasty.
    • 1921 – Talaat Pasha, former Grand Vizir of the Ottoman Empire and chief architect of the Armenian Genocide is assassinated in Berlin by a 23-year-old Armenian, Soghomon Tehlirian.
    • 1922 – After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt.
    • 1926 – The dictator Theodoros Pangalos is elected President of Greece without opposition.
    • 1927 – The first Women’s Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place on The Isis in Oxford.
    • 1931 – SS Viking explodes off Newfoundland, killing 27 of the 147 onboard.
    • 1933 – Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss keeps members of the National Council from convening, starting the Austrofascist dictatorship.
    • 1939 – Germany occupies Czechoslovakia.
    • 1939 – Carpatho-Ukraine declares itself an independent republic, but is annexed by Hungary the next day.
    • 1941 – Philippine Airlines, the flag carrier of the Philippines takes its first flight between Manila (from Nielson Field) to Baguio City with a Beechcraft Model 18 making the airline the first and oldest commercial airline in Asia operating under its original name.
    • 1943 – World War II: Third Battle of Kharkov: The Germans retake the city of Kharkov from the Soviet armies in bitter street fighting.
    • 1945 – World War II: Soviet forces begin an offensive to push Germans from Upper Silesia.
    • 1951 – the Iranian oil industry is nationalized.
    • 1952 – In Cilaos, Réunion, 1870 mm (73 inches) of rain falls in a 24-hour period, setting a new world record (March 15 through March 16).
    • 1961 – At the 1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers’ Conference, South Africa announces that it will withdraw from the Commonwealth when the South African Constitution of 1961 comes into effect.
    • 1965 – President Lyndon B. Johnson, responding to the Selma crisis, tells U.S. Congress “We shall overcome” while advocating the Voting Rights Act.
    • 1978 – Somalia and Ethiopia signed a truce to end the Ethio-Somali War.
    • 1986 – Collapse of Hotel New World: Thirty-three people die when the Hotel New World in Singapore collapses.
    • 1990 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first President of the Soviet Union.
    • 1991 – Cold War: The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany comes into effect, granting full sovereignty to the Federal Republic of Germany.
    • 2008 – Stockpiles of obsolete ammunition explode at an ex-military ammunition depot in the village of Gërdec, Albania, killing 26 people.
    • 2011 – Beginning of the Syrian Civil War.
    • 2019 – Fifty-one people are killed in the Christchurch mosque shootings.
    • 2019 – Beginning of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.
    • 2019 – Approximately 1.4 million young people in 123 countries go on strike to protest climate change.

    Births on March 15

    • 270 – Saint Nicholas, Greek bishop and saint (d. 343)
    • 1097 – Fujiwara no Tadamichi, Japanese noble (d. 1164)
    • 1275 – Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant (d. 1333)
    • 1407 – Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden (d. 1453)
    • 1444 – Francesco Gonzaga, Catholic cardinal (d. 1483)
    • 1493 – Anne de Montmorency, French captain and diplomat (d. 1567)
    • 1513 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1573)
    • 1516 – Alqas Mirza, Safavid prince (d. 1550)
    • 1582 – Daniel Featley, English theologian and controversialist (d. 1645)
    • 1584 – Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (d. 1663)
    • 1591 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French missionary and lexicographer (d. 1660)
    • 1611 – Jan Fyt, Flemish painter (d. 1661)
    • 1638 – Shunzhi Emperor of China (d. 1661)
    • 1666 – George Bähr, German architect, designed the Dresden Frauenkirche (d. 1738)
    • 1754 – Archibald Menzies, Scottish surgeon and botanist (d. 1842)
    • 1767 – Andrew Jackson, American general, judge, and politician, 7th President of the United States (d. 1845)
    • 1779 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1848)
    • 1790 – Ludwig Immanuel Magnus, German mathematician and academic (d. 1861)
    • 1791 – Charles Knight, English author and publisher (d. 1873)
    • 1809 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, American-Liberian historian and politician, 1st President of Liberia (d. 1876)
    • 1809 – Karl Josef von Hefele, German bishop and theologian (d. 1893)
    • 1813 – John Snow, English physician and epidemiologist (d. 1858)
    • 1818 – Mariano Álvarez, Filipino general and politician (d. 1924)
    • 1821 – Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian physicist and chemist (d. 1895)
    • 1821 – William Milligan, Scottish theologian, author, and educator (d. 1892)
    • 1824 – Jules Chevalier, French priest, founded the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (d. 1907)
    • 1830 – Paul Heyse, German author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
    • 1830 – Élisée Reclus, French geographer and academic (d. 1905)
    • 1831 – Saint Daniele Comboni, Italian missionary and saint (d. 1881)
    • 1835 – John Henry Kagi, American lawyer and activist (d. 1859)
    • 1835 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1916)
    • 1838 – Karl Davydov, Russian cellist, composer, and conductor (d. 1889)
    • 1851 – John Sebastian Little, American lawyer and politician, 21st Governor of Arkansas (d. 1916)
    • 1851 – William Mitchell Ramsay, Scottish archaeologist and scholar (d. 1939)
    • 1852 – Augusta, Lady Gregory, Anglo-Irish landowner, playwright, and translator (d. 1932)
    • 1854 – Emil von Behring, German physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
    • 1857 – Christian Michelsen, Norwegian businessman and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1925)
    • 1858 – Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist and academic, co-founded the American Society for Horticultural Science (d. 1954)
    • 1860 – Waldemar Haffkine, Russian-Swiss bacteriologist and microbiologist (d. 1930)
    • 1864 – Johan Halvorsen, Norwegian violinist, composer, and conductor (Oslo Philharmonic) (d. 1935)
    • 1865 – Manuk Abeghian, Armenian author and scholar (d. 1944)
    • 1866 – Matthew Charlton, Australian miner and politician (d. 1948)
    • 1866 – Johan Vaaler, Norwegian inventor, often erroneously identified as the inventor of the Paper clip (d. 1910)
    • 1868 – Grace Chisholm Young, English mathematician (d. 1944)
    • 1869 – Stanisław Wojciechowski, Polish scholar and politician, 2nd President of the Republic of Poland (d. 1953)
    • 1874 – Eugène Fiset, Canadian physician, general, and politician, 18th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (d. 1951)
    • 1874 – Harold L. Ickes, American journalist and politician, 32nd United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1952)
    • 1878 – Reza Shah, Iranian king (d. 1944)
    • 1886 – Wladimir Burliuk, Ukrainian-Greek painter and illustrator (d. 1917)
    • 1887 – Marjorie Merriweather Post, American businesswoman and philanthropist, founded General Foods (d. 1973)
    • 1887 – Lütfi Kırdar, Turkish physician and politician, Turkish Minister of Health (d. 1961)
    • 1879 – Benjamin R. Jacobs, American biochemist (d. 1963)
    • 1890 – Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician and mountaineer (d. 1980)
    • 1892 – James Basevi Ord, Mexican-American colonel (d. 1938)
    • 1897 – Jackson Scholz, American runner (d. 1986)
    • 1900 – Gilberto Freyre, Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian and writer (d. 1987)
    • 1904 – George Brent, Irish-American actor (d. 1979)
    • 1904 – J. Pat O’Malley, English-American actor (d. 1985)
    • 1905 – Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and judge (d. 1944)
    • 1907 – Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (d. 1981)
    • 1909 – Jaroslava Muchová Syllabová, Czech painter (d. 1986)
    • 1912 – Lightnin’ Hopkins, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1982)
    • 1912 – Louis Paul Boon, Flemish journalist and author (d. 1979)
    • 1913 – Macdonald Carey, American actor (d. 1994)
    • 1913 – Jack Fairman, English race car driver (d. 2002)
    • 1916 – Frank Coghlan, Jr., American actor and pilot (d. 2009)
    • 1916 – Fadil Hoxha, Kosovar commander and politician, 2nd President of Kosovo (d. 2001)
    • 1916 – Harry James, American trumpet player, bandleader, and actor (d. 1983)
    • 1918 – Richard Ellmann, American author and critic (d. 1987)
    • 1918 – Punch Imlach, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 1987)
    • 1919 – Lawrence Tierney, American actor (d. 2002)
    • 1920 – E. Donnall Thomas, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
    • 1921 – Madelyn Pugh, American television writer and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Eddie Calvert, English trumpeter (d. 1978)
    • 1926 – Ben Johnston, American composer and academic (d. 2019)
    • 1926 – Norm Van Brocklin, American football player and coach (d. 1983)
    • 1927 – Christian Marquand, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2000)
    • 1927 – Carl Smith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2010)
    • 1928 – Bob Wilber, American clarinetist and saxophonist (d. 2019)
    • 1930 – Zhores Alferov, Belarusian-Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
    • 1932 – Alan Bean, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Arif Mardin, Turkish-American record producer (d. 2006)
    • 1933 – Ruth Bader Ginsburg, American lawyer and judge
    • 1933 – Philippe de Broca, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1934 – Richard Layard, Baron Layard, English economist and academic
    • 1934 – Kanshi Ram, Indian politician (d. 2006)
    • 1935 – David Andrews, Irish politician, 21st Minister of Foreign Affairs for Ireland
    • 1935 – Judd Hirsch, American actor
    • 1935 – Jimmy Swaggart, American pastor and television host
    • 1935 – Leonid Yengibarov, Russian-Armenian clown and boxer (d. 1972)
    • 1936 – Howard Greenfield, American songwriter (d. 1986)
    • 1937 – Marcus Raichle, American neurologist and physiologist
    • 1937 – Valentin Rasputin, Russian environmentalist and author (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Charles Lloyd, American saxophonist and flute player
    • 1939 – Ted Kaufman, American engineer and politician
    • 1939 – Robert Nye, English author, poet, and playwright (d. 2016)
    • 1939 – Julie Tullis, English mountaineer (d. 1986)
    • 1940 – Frank Dobson, English politician, Secretary of State for Health (d. 2019)
    • 1940 – Phil Lesh, American bassist
    • 1941 – Mike Love, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1941 – Carolyn Hansson, Canadian materials engineer
    • 1943 – David Cronenberg, Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1943 – Lynda La Plante, English actress, screenwriter, and author
    • 1943 – Michael Scott-Joynt, English bishop (d. 2014)
    • 1943 – Sly Stone, American singer-songwriter, musician, and producer
    • 1943 – The Iron Sheik, Iranian-American wrestler and actor
    • 1944 – Chi Cheng, Taiwanese runner and politician
    • 1944 – Jacques Doillon, French director and screenwriter
    • 1944 – Francis Mankiewicz, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1993)
    • 1944 – A. K. Faezul Huq, Bangladeshi lawyer and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1945 – Mark J. Green, American lawyer and politician
    • 1946 – Bobby Bonds, American baseball player and coach (d. 2003)
    • 1946 – John Dempsey, English born Irish international footballer, centre-back and manager
    • 1947 – Ry Cooder, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1947 – Gino Ferrin, German footballer and manager
    • 1947 – Juraj Kukura, Slovak-German actor
    • 1948 – Kate Bornstein, American author and activist
    • 1948 – Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Brazilian diplomat (d. 2003)
    • 1950 – Jørgen Olsen, Danish singer-songwriter
    • 1950 – Kurt Koch, Swiss cardinal
    • 1951 – David Alton, Baron Alton of Liverpool, English educator and politician
    • 1952 – Howard Devoto, English singer-songwriter
    • 1952 – Philip Green, English businessman
    • 1952 – Howard Koh, American physician and politician, 14th United States Assistant Secretary for Health
    • 1953 – Richard Bruton, Irish economist and politician, Minister for Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation
    • 1953 – Heather Graham Pozzessere, American author
    • 1953 – Kumba Ialá, Bissau-Guinean educator and politician, President of Guinea-Bissau (d. 2014)
    • 1954 – Massimo Bubola, Italian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1954 – Isobel Buchanan, Scottish soprano and actress
    • 1954 – Bob Budiansky, American author and illustrator
    • 1954 – Henry Marsh, American runner and businessman, co-founded MonaVie
    • 1954 – Craig Wasson, American actor
    • 1955 – Mohsin Khan, Pakistani cricketer
    • 1955 – Dee Snider, American singer-songwriter and actor
    • 1956 – Clay Matthews, Jr., American football player and coach
    • 1957 – Joaquim de Almeida, Portuguese-American actor
    • 1957 – Víctor Muñoz, Spanish footballer and manager
    • 1957 – David Silverman, American animator, director, and screenwriter
    • 1958 – Anne Davies, English television presenter and newsreader
    • 1959 – Harold Baines, American baseball player and coach
    • 1959 – Renny Harlin, Finnish director and producer
    • 1959 – Lisa Holton, American journalist and author
    • 1959 – Ben Okri, Nigerian poet and author
    • 1960 – Mike Pagliarulo, American baseball player and coach
    • 1960 – Phil Walsh, Australian rules footballer and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1961 – Terry Cummings, American basketball player and singer
    • 1961 – Craig Ludwig, American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1962 – Terence Trent D’Arby, American singer-songwriter
    • 1962 – Jimmy Baio, American actor
    • 1963 – Bret Michaels, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1964 – Davide Pinato, Italian footballer
    • 1964 – Rockwell, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1965 – Sunetra Gupta, Indian epidemiologist, author, and academic
    • 1965 – Robyn Malcolm, New Zealand actress
    • 1967 – Naoko Takeuchi, Japanese manga artist, creator of Sailor Moon
    • 1968 – Kahimi Karie, Japanese singer
    • 1968 – Mark McGrath, American singer-songwriter and television host
    • 1968 – Terje Riis-Johansen, Norwegian politician, Norwegian Minister of Petroleum and Energy
    • 1968 – Sabrina Salerno, Italian singer-songwriter, actress, and producer
    • 1969 – Rona Ambrose, Canadian journalist and politician, former Leader of the Conservative Party of Canada
    • 1969 – Gianluca Festa, Italian footballer and coach
    • 1969 – Yutaka Take, Japanese jockey
    • 1970 – Christine Anu, Australian singer
    • 1970 – Naka Drotske, South African rugby player
    • 1970 – Derek Parra, American speed skater and coach
    • 1971 – Penny Lancaster, English model and photographer
    • 1971 – Joanne Wise, English long jumper
    • 1972 – Mark Hoppus, American singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
    • 1972 – Holger Stromberg, German chef
    • 1972 – Mike Tomlin, American football player and coach
    • 1973 – Robin Hunicke, American video game designer and producer
    • 1973 – Masayuki Naruse, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
    • 1974 – Robert Fick, American baseball player
    • 1975 – Eva Longoria, American actress and producer
    • 1975 – Veselin Topalov, Bulgarian chess player
    • 1975 – Darcy Tucker, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1975 – will.i.am, American rapper, producer, and actor
    • 1976 – Katherine Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1976 – Abhay Deol, Indian actor
    • 1976 – Cara Pifko, Canadian actress
    • 1977 – Joe Hahn, American DJ, producer, and director
    • 1977 – Brian Tee, Japanese-American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1978 – Takeru Kobayashi, Japanese competitive eater
    • 1979 – Kyle Mills, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1979 – Kevin Youkilis, American baseball player and scout
    • 1980 – Freddie Bynum, American baseball player
    • 1980 – Eric Grothe, Jr. Australian rugby league player and guitarist
    • 1980 – Claudiney Ramos, Brazilian footballer (d. 2013)
    • 1981 – Young Buck, American rapper, producer, and actor
    • 1981 – Mikael Forssell, German-Finnish footballer
    • 1981 – Veronica Maggio, Swedish singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Jens Salumäe, Estonian skier
    • 1982 – Tom Budge, Australian actor
    • 1982 – Emily Dunn, American actress and dancer
    • 1982 – Wilson Kipsang Kiprotich, Kenyan runner
    • 1983 – Sean Biggerstaff, Scottish actor
    • 1983 – Umut Bulut, Turkish footballer
    • 1983 – Ben Hilfenhaus, Australian cricketer
    • 1983 – Kostas Kaimakoglou, Greek basketball player
    • 1983 – Golda Marcus, Salvadoran swimmer
    • 1983 – Daryl Murphy, Irish footballer
    • 1983 – Heiko Niidas, Estonian basketball player
    • 1983 – Ricky Sekhon, English actor
    • 1983 – Yo Yo Honey Singh, Indian music producer
    • 1984 – Badradine Belloumou, French-Algerian footballer
    • 1984 – Malin Buska, Swedish actress
    • 1984 – Olivier Jean, Canadian speed skater
    • 1984 – Kostas Vasileiadis, Greek basketball player
    • 1984 – Wilson Aparecido Xavier Júnior, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Eric Decker, American football player
    • 1988 – Éver Guzmán, Mexican footballer
    • 1988 – James Reimer, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1988 – Jolo Revilla, Filipino actor and politician
    • 1988 – Alexander Sims, English race car driver
    • 1989 – Sam Baldock, English footballer
    • 1989 – Bryce Gibbs, Australian footballer
    • 1989 – Sandro, Brazilian international footballer, midfielder
    • 1989 – Gil Roberts, American sprinter
    • 1989 – Adrien Silva, Portuguese footballer
    • 1989 – Caitlin Wachs, American actress
    • 1990 – Siobhan Magnus, American singer-songwriter
    • 1991 – Tavon Austin, American footballer
    • 1991 – Kurt Baptiste, Australian rugby league player
    • 1991 – Xavier Henry, American basketball player
    • 1996 – Seonaid McIntosh, Scottish sports shooter
    • 2000 – Kristian Kostov, Russian-Bulgarian singer-songwriter

    Deaths on March 15

    • 44 BC – Julius Caesar, Roman general and statesman (b. 100 BC)
    • 220 – Cao Cao, Chinese general, warlord and statesman (b. 155)
    • 493 – Odoacer, the first king of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (b. 433)
    • 752 – Pope Zachary
    • 963 – Romanos II, Byzantine emperor (b. 938)
    • 990 – Siegfried I (the Older), German nobleman
    • 1086 – Richilde, Countess of Hainaut, Flemish consort and regent (b. c. 1018)
    • 1124 – Ernulf, Bishop of Rochester (b. c. 1040)
    • 1190 – Isabella of Hainault, queen of Philip II of France (b. 1170)
    • 1311 – Walter V, Count of Brienne (b. 1275)
    • 1311 – Thomas III d’Autremencourt, Lord of Salona, Marshal of Achaea
    • 1311 – Albert Pallavicini, Margrave of Bodonitza
    • 1311 – George I Ghisi, Triarch of Euboea, Baron of Chalandritsa, Lord of Tinos, Mykonos, Serifos and Keos
    • 1327 – Albert of Schwarzburg, grand preceptor of the Knights Hospitaller
    • 1346 – Shah Jalal, Sufi saint of Bengal (b. 1271).
    • 1536 – Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, Ottoman politician, 35th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1493)
    • 1575 – Annibale Padovano, Italian organist and composer (b. 1527)
    • 1644 – Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau (b. 1576)
    • 1657 – David Pardo, Dutch rabbi and scholar (b. 1591)
    • 1673 – Salvator Rosa, Italian painter and poet (b. 1615)
    • 1711 – Eusebio Kino, Italian priest and missionary (b. 1645)
    • 1820 – Clement Mary Hofbauer, Austrian priest and saint (b. 1751)
    • 1832 – Otto Wilhelm Masing, Estonian linguist and clergyman (b. 1763)
    • 1842 – Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1760)
    • 1849 – Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal and linguist (b. 1774)
    • 1891 – Joseph Bazalgette, English engineer and academic (b. 1819)
    • 1897 – James Joseph Sylvester, English mathematician and academic (b. 1814)
    • 1898 – Henry Bessemer, English engineer and businessman (b. 1813)
    • 1921 – Talaat Pasha, Ottoman politician, 281st Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1874)
    • 1927 – Hector Rason, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1858)
    • 1933 – Gustavo Jiménez, Peruvian colonel and politician, 73rd President of Peru (b. 1886)
    • 1937 – H. P. Lovecraft, American short story writer, editor, and novelist (b. 1890)
    • 1938 – Nikolai Bukharin, Russian journalist, and politician (b. 1888)
    • 1939 – Luis Barceló, Spanish colonel (b. 1896)
    • 1941 – Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian-German painter (b. 1864)
    • 1944 – Otto von Below, Prussian general (b. 1857)
    • 1951 – John S. Paraskevopoulos, Greek-South African astronomer and academic (b. 1889)
    • 1957 – Ernst Nobs, Swiss politician (b. 1886)
    • 1959 – Lester Young, American saxophonist and clarinet player (b. 1909)
    • 1962 – Charles Bartliff, American soccer player (b. 1886)
    • 1962 – Arthur Compton, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
    • 1966 – Abe Saperstein, American basketball player and coach (b. 1902)
    • 1969 – Miles Malleson, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1888)
    • 1969 – Musashiyama Takeshi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 33rd Yokozuna (b. 1909)
    • 1970 – Tarjei Vesaas, Norwegian author and poet (b. 1897)
    • 1971 – Jean-Pierre Monseré, Belgian cyclist (b. 1948)
    • 1972 – Aleksandr Ivanovich Laktionov, Russian painter and educator (b. 1910)
    • 1975 – Aristotle Onassis, Greek-Argentinian businessman (b. 1906)
    • 1977 – Hubert Aquin, Canadian author and activist (b. 1929)
    • 1977 – Antonino Rocca, Italian-American wrestler and referee (b. 1921)
    • 1981 – René Clair, French director and screenwriter (b. 1898)
    • 1983 – Coloman Braun-Bogdan, Romanian footballer and manager (b. 1905)
    • 1983 – Rebecca West, English author and critic (b. 1892)
    • 1985 – Radha Krishna Choudhary, Indian historian and author (b. 1921)
    • 1986 – Alexandru Giugaru, Romanian actor (b. 1897)
    • 1987 – Douglas Abbott, Canadian lawyer and politician, 10th Canadian Minister of National Defence (b. 1899)
    • 1988 – Dmitri Polyakov, Ukrainian general and spy (b. 1926)
    • 1989 – Muhammad Jameel Didi, Maldivian poet and politician (b. 1915)
    • 1990 – Farzad Bazoft, Iranian-English journalist (b. 1958)
    • 1990 – Tom Harmon, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1919)
    • 1991 – Bud Freeman, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1906)
    • 1992 – Rahi Masoom Raza, Indian Urdu poet (b.1927)
    • 1997 – Gail Davis, American actress (b. 1925)
    • 1997 – Victor Vasarely, Hungarian-French painter (b. 1906)
    • 1998 – Tim Maia, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1942)
    • 1998 – Benjamin Spock, American pediatrician and author (b. 1903)
    • 1999 – Guy D’Artois, Canadian soldier (b. 1917)
    • 2001 – Gaetano Cozzi, Italian historian and academic (b. 1922)
    • 2001 – Ann Sothern, American actress and singer (b. 1909)
    • 2003 – Thora Hird, English actress (b. 1911)
    • 2003 – Paul Stojanovich, American television producer, created World’s Wildest Police Videos (b. 1956)
    • 2004 – Philippe Lemaire, French actor (b. 1927)
    • 2004 – Bill Pickering, New Zealand-American scientist and engineer (b. 1910)
    • 2004 – John Pople, English-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925)
    • 2005 – Bob Bellear, Australian engineer and judge (b. 1944)
    • 2005 – Otar Korkia, Georgian basketball player and coach (b. 1923)
    • 2005 – Shoji Nishio, Japanese martial artist (b. 1927)
    • 2006 – Georgios Rallis, Greek lieutenant and politician, 173rd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1918)
    • 2006 – Red Storey, Canadian football player and referee (b. 1918)
    • 2007 – Charles Harrelson, American murderer (b. 1938)
    • 2007 – Bowie Kuhn, American lawyer and businessman (b. 1926)
    • 2007 – Stuart Rosenberg, American director and producer (b. 1927)
    • 2008 – Mikey Dread, Jamaican singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1954)
    • 2008 – Vytautas Kernagis, Lithuanian singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1951)
    • 2008 – G. David Low, American astronaut and engineer (b. 1956)
    • 2008 – Ken Reardon, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)
    • 2008 – Sarla Thakral, First Indian woman to earn a pilot’s license. (b. 1914)
    • 2009 – Ron Silver, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1946)
    • 2011 – Nate Dogg, American rapper (b. 1969)
    • 2011 – Smiley Culture, English singer and DJ (b. 1963)
    • 2012 – Mervyn Davies, Welsh rugby player (b. 1946)
    • 2012 – Eb Gaines, American businessman and diplomat (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Luis Gonzales, Filipino actor (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Bernardino González Ruíz, Panamanian physician and politician, President of Panama (b. 1911)
    • 2012 – Fran Matera, American illustrator (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Dave Philley, American baseball player and manager (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – James Bonk, American chemist and academic (b. 1931)
    • 2013 – Booth Gardner, American businessman and politician, 19th Governor of Washington (b. 1936)
    • 2013 – Hardrock Gunter, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1925)
    • 2013 – Shannon Larratt, Canadian publisher, founded BMEzine (b. 1973)
    • 2013 – Terry Lightfoot, English clarinet player (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – Leverne McDonnell, Australian actress (b. 1963).
    • 2013 – Masamichi Noro, Japanese-French martial artist, founded Kinomichi (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – Kallam Anji Reddy, Indian engineer and businessman, founded Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (b. 1940)
    • 2013 – Peter Worsley, English sociologist (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Felipe Zetter, Mexican footballer (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Scott Asheton, American drummer (b. 1949).
    • 2014 – David Brenner, American comedian, actor, and author (b. 1936)
    • 2014 – Bo Callaway, American soldier and politician, 11th United States Secretary of the Army (b. 1927)
    • 2014 – Clarissa Dickson Wright, English chef, author, and television personality (b. 1947)
    • 2014 – Everett L. Fullam, American priest and scholar (b. 1930)
    • 2014 – Cees Veerman, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1943)
    • 2015 – Collins Chabane, South African politician (b. 1960)
    • 2015 – Robert Clatworthy, English sculptor and educator (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Narayan Desai, Indian author and activist (b. 1924)
    • 2015 – Sally Forrest, American actress and dancer (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Curtis Gans, American political scientist and author (b. 1937)
    • 2015 – Mike Porcaro, American bass player (b. 1955)
    • 2016 – Sylvia Anderson, English voice actress and television and film producer (b. 1927)
    • 2016 – Asa Briggs, English historian and academic (b. 1921)
    • 2016 – Daryl Coley, American singer and pastor (b. 1955)
    • 2016 – Seru Rabeni, Fijian rugby player (b. 1978)
    • 2019 – Larry DiTillio, American film and TV series writer (b. 1948)
    • 2020 – Vittorio Gregotti, Italian architect (b. 1927)

    Holidays and observances on March 15

    • Christian feast day:
      • Aristobulus of Britannia
      • Clemens Maria Hofbauer
      • Leocritia
      • Longinus
      • Louise de Marillac
      • Raymond of Fitero
      • March 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Constitution Day (Belarus)
    • Earliest day on which Birth of Benito Juárez can fall, while March 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third Monday of March. (Mexico)
    • Earliest day on which Palm Sunday can fall, while April 18 is the latest; celebrated on the sixth Sunday of Lent. (Christianity)
    • Hōnen Matsuri (Japan)
    • International Day Against Police Brutality (International)
    • J. J. Roberts’ Birthday (Liberia)
    • National Day, celebrating the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 (Hungary)
    • World Consumer Rights Day (International)
    • World Contact Day
    • World Day of Muslim Culture, Peace, Dialogue and Film (International)
    • World Speech Day
    • Youth Day (Palau)

  • March 13- History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years’ War.
    • 1591 – At the Battle of Tondibi in Mali, Moroccan forces of the Saadi dynasty, led by Judar Pasha, defeat the Songhai Empire, despite being outnumbered by at least five to one.
    • 1639 – Harvard College is named after clergyman John Harvard.
    • 1697 – Nojpetén, capital of the last independent Maya kingdom, fell to Spanish conquistadors, the final step in the Spanish conquest of Guatemala.
    • 1741 – The Battle of Cartagena de Indias (part of the War of Jenkins’ Ear) begins..
    • 1809 – Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden is deposed in the Coup of 1809.
    • 1826 – Pope Leo XII publishes the apostolic constitution Quo Graviora in which he renewed the prohibition on Catholics joining freemasonry.
    • 1845 – Felix Mendelssohn’s Violin Concerto receives its première performance in Leipzig with Ferdinand David as soloist.
    • 1848 – The German revolutions of 1848–1849 begin in Vienna.
    • 1862 – The Act Prohibiting the Return of Slaves was passed by the United States Congress, effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation.
    • 1881 – Alexander II of Russia is assassinated.
    • 1884 – The Siege of Khartoum begins. It lasts until January 26, 1885.
    • 1900 – British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, during the Second Boer War.
    • 1920 – The Kapp Putsch briefly ousts the Weimar Republic government from Berlin.
    • 1930 – The news of the discovery of Pluto is announced by Lowell Observatory.
    • 1933 – Banks in the U.S. begin to re-open after the three-day national “bank holiday” mandated by the Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Emergency Banking Act.
    • 1943 – German forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Kraków.
    • 1954 – The Battle of Điện Biên Phủ begins with an artillery barrage by Viet Minh forces under Võ Nguyên Giáp; Viet Minh victory lead to the end of the First Indochina War and French withdrawal from Vietnam.
    • 1957 – Cuban student revolutionaries storm the presidential palace in Havana in a failed attempt on the life of President Fulgencio Batista.
    • 1969 – Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.
    • 1979 – The New Jewel Movement, headed by Maurice Bishop, ousts the Prime Minister of Grenada, Eric Gairy, in a coup d’état.
    • 1988 – The Seikan Tunnel, the longest undersea tunnel in the world, opens between Aomori and Hakodate, Japan.
    • 1992 – The Mw  6.6 Erzincan earthquake strikes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).
    • 1996 – The Dunblane massacre leads to the death of sixteen primary school children and one teacher in Dunblane, Scotland.
    • 1997 – The Missionaries of Charity choose Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as their leader.
    • 2003 – An article in Nature identifies the Ciampate del Diavolo as 350,000-year-old hominid footprints.
    • 2012 – The Sierre coach crash kills 28 people, including 22 children.
    • 2013 – The 2013 papal conclave elects Pope Francis as the 266th Pope of the Catholic Church.
    • 2016 – The Ankara bombing kills at least 37 people.
    • 2016 – Three gunmen attack two hotels in the Ivory Coast town of Grand-Bassam, killing at least 19 people.

    Births on March 13

    • 1372 – Louis I, Duke of Orléans (d. 1407)
    • 1479 – Lazarus Spengler, German hymnwriter (d. 1534)
    • 1560 – William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, Dutch count (d. 1620)
    • 1593 – Georges de La Tour, French painter (probable; d. 1652)
    • 1599 – John Berchmans, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d. 1621)
    • 1615 – Innocent XII, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1700)
    • 1683 – Johann Wilhelm Weinmann, German botanist (d. 1741)
    • 1700 – Michel Blavet, French flute player and composer (d. 1768)
    • 1719 – John Griffin, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Essex (d. 1797)
    • 1720 – Charles Bonnet, Swiss historian and author (d. 1793)
    • 1741 – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1790)
    • 1763 – Guillaume Brune, French general and diplomat (d. 1815)
    • 1764 – Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1845)
    • 1770 – Daniel Lambert, English animal breeder (d. 1809)
    • 1781 – Karl Friedrich Schinkel, German painter and architect, designed the Konzerthaus Berlin (d. 1841)
    • 1798 – Abigail Fillmore, American wife of Millard Fillmore, 14th First Lady of the United States (d. 1853)
    • 1800 – Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Ottoman politician, 212th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1858)
    • 1815 – James Curtis Hepburn, American physician, linguist, and missionary (d. 1911)
    • 1825 – Hans Gude, Norwegian-German painter and academic (d. 1903)
    • 1855 – Percival Lowell, American astronomer and mathematician (d. 1916)
    • 1857 – B. H. Roberts, English-American historian and politician (d. 1933)
    • 1860 – Hugo Wolf, Slovene-Austrian composer (d. 1903)
    • 1862 – Paul Prosper Henrys, French general (d. 1943)
    • 1864 – Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian-German painter (d. 1941)
    • 1870 – William Glackens, American painter and illustrator (d. 1938)
    • 1874 – Ellery Harding Clark, American jumper, coach, and lawyer (d. 1949)
    • 1880 – Josef Gočár, Czech architect (d. 1945)
    • 1883 – Enrico Toselli, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1926)
    • 1884 – Hugh Walpole, New Zealand-English author and educator (d. 1941)
    • 1886 – Home Run Baker, American baseball player and manager (d. 1963)
    • 1886 – Albert William Stevens, American captain and photographer (d. 1949)
    • 1888 – Paul Morand, French author and diplomat (d. 1976)
    • 1890 – Fritz Busch, German conductor and director (d. 1951)
    • 1892 – Janet Flanner, American journalist and author (d. 1978)
    • 1897 – Yeghishe Charents, Armenian poet and activist (d. 1937)
    • 1898 – Henry Hathaway, American director and producer (d. 1985)
    • 1899 – John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, American physicist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
    • 1899 – Pancho Vladigerov, Bulgarian pianist and composer (d. 1978)
    • 1900 – Andrée Bosquet, Belgian painter (d. 1980)
    • 1900 – Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
    • 1902 – Hans Bellmer, German-French painter and sculptor (d. 1975)
    • 1904 – Clifford Roach, Trinidadian cricketer and footballer (d. 1988)
    • 1907 – Dorothy Tangney, Australian politician (d. 1985)
    • 1908 – Walter Annenberg, American publisher, philanthropist, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (d. 2002)
    • 1908 – Myrtle Bachelder, American chemist and Women’s Army Corps officer (d. 1997)
    • 1910 – Sammy Kaye, American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (d. 1987)
    • 1910 – Kemal Tahir, Turkish journalist and author (d. 1973)
    • 1911 – José Ardévol, Cuban composer and conductor (d. 1981)
    • 1913 – William J. Casey, American politician, 13th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 1987)
    • 1913 – Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian author and playwright (d. 2009)
    • 1914 – W. O. Mitchell, Canadian author and playwright (d. 1998)
    • 1914 – Edward O’Hare, American lieutenant and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1943)
    • 1916 – Lindy Boggs, American educator and politician, 5th United States Ambassador to the Holy See (d. 2013)
    • 1916 – Jacque Fresco, American engineer and academic (d. 2017)
    • 1920 – Ralph J. Roberts, American businessman, co-founded Comcast (d. 2015)
    • 1921 – Al Jaffee, American cartoonist
    • 1923 – Dimitrios Ioannidis, Greek general (d. 2010)
    • 1925 – Roy Haynes, American drummer and composer
    • 1926 – Carlos Roberto Reina, Honduran lawyer and politician, President of Honduras (d. 2003)
    • 1929 – Zbigniew Messner, Polish economist and politician, 9th Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Mahdi Elmandjra, Moroccan economist and sociologist (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Gero von Wilpert, German author and academic (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – David Nobbs, English author and screenwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Robert Gammage, American captain and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1939 – Neil Sedaka, American singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1941 – Donella Meadows, American environmentalist, author, and academic (d. 2001)
    • 1942 – Dave Cutler, American computer scientist and engineer
    • 1942 – Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian poet and author (d. 2008)
    • 1944 – Terence Burns, Baron Burns, English economist and academic
    • 1945 – Anatoly Fomenko, Russian mathematician and academic
    • 1946 – Yonatan Netanyahu, American-Israeli colonel (d. 1976)
    • 1947 – Lesley Collier, English ballerina and educator
    • 1947 – Beat Richner, Swiss pediatrician and cellist (d. 2018)
    • 1947 – Lyn St. James, American race car driver
    • 1949 – Ze’ev Bielski, Israeli politician
    • 1949 – Sian Elias, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 12th Chief Justice of New Zealand
    • 1950 – Bernard Julien, Trinidadian cricketer
    • 1950 – Charles Krauthammer, American physician, journalist, and author (d. 2018)
    • 1950 – William H. Macy, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1951 – Charo, Spanish-American singer, guitarist, and actress
    • 1952 – Wolfgang Rihm, German composer and educator
    • 1952 – Tim Sebastian, English journalist and author
    • 1953 – Andy Bean, American golfer
    • 1953 – Michael Curry, 27th presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church
    • 1954 – Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos, Guyanese-English politician and diplomat
    • 1954 – Robin Duke, Canadian actress and screenwriter
    • 1955 – Bruno Conti, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Glenne Headly, American actress (d. 2017)
    • 1955 – Olga Rukavishnikova, Russian pentathlete
    • 1956 – Dana Delany, American actress and producer
    • 1957 – John Hoeven, American banker and politician, 31st Governor of North Dakota
    • 1957 – Moses Hogan, American composer and conductor (d. 2003)
    • 1958 – Mágico González, Salvadoran footballer
    • 1958 – Rick Lazio, American lawyer and politician
    • 1958 – Caryl Phillips, Caribbean-English author and playwright
    • 1959 – Dirk Wellham, Australian cricketer
    • 1960 – Adam Clayton, English-born Irish musician and songwriter
    • 1960 – Joe Ranft, American animator, screenwriter, and voice actor (d. 2005)
    • 1963 – Vance Johnson, American football player
    • 1964 – Will Clark, American baseball player
    • 1966 – Chico Science, Brazilian singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
    • 1967 – Andrés Escobar, Colombian footballer (d. 1994)
    • 1967 – Pieter Vink, Dutch footballer and referee
    • 1970 – Tim Story, American director and producer
    • 1971 – Annabeth Gish, American actress
    • 1971 – Allan Nielsen, Danish international footballer, midfielder and manager
    • 1972 – Common, American rapper and actor
    • 1973 – Edgar Davids, Surinamese born Dutch international footballer midfielder and manager
    • 1973 – Bobby Jackson, American basketball player and coach
    • 1974 – Thomas Enqvist, Swedish tennis player and sportscaster
    • 1975 – Mark Clattenburg, English football referee
    • 1976 – Troy Hudson, American basketball player and rapper
    • 1976 – Danny Masterson, American actor and producer
    • 1978 – Tom Danielson, American cyclist
    • 1978 – Kenny Watson, American football player
    • 1979 – Johan Santana, Venezuelan-American baseball player
    • 1979 – Cédric Van Branteghem, Belgian sprinter
    • 1980 – Caron Butler, American basketball player
    • 1982 – Nicole Ohlde, American basketball player
    • 1983 – Kaitlin Sandeno, American swimmer
    • 1984 – Geeta Basra, Indian actress
    • 1985 – Alcides Araújo Alves, Brazilian footballer
    • 1985 – Emile Hirsch, American actor
    • 1986 – Neil Wagner, South African-New Zealand cricketer
    • 1987 – Marco Andretti, American race car driver
    • 1987 – Andreas Beck, German footballer
    • 1988 – Furdjel Narsingh, Dutch footballer
    • 1989 – Holger Badstuber, German footballer
    • 1989 – Marko Marin, German footballer
    • 1989 – Robert Wickens, Canadian racing driver
    • 1990 – Anicet Abel, Malagasy footballer
    • 1991 – Daniel Greig, Australian speed skater
    • 1991 – Tristan Thompson, American basketball player
    • 1994 – Gerard Deulofeu, Spanish footballer
    • 1995 – Mikaela Shiffrin, American skier
    • 1998 – Jay-Roy Grot, Dutch footballer

    Deaths on March 13

    • 1202 – Mieszko III the Old, king of Poland (b. c. 1121)
    • 1271 – Henry of Almain, English knight (b. 1235)
    • 1415 – Minye Kyawswa, Crown Prince of Ava (b. 1391)
    • 1447 – Shah Rukh, Timurid ruler of Persia and Transoxania (b. 1377)
    • 1573 – Michel de l’Hôpital, French politician (b. 1507)
    • 1601 – Henry Cuffe, Politician (b. 1563)
    • 1619 – Richard Burbage, English actor (b. 1567)
    • 1711 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (b. 1636)
    • 1719 – Johann Friedrich Böttger, German chemist and potter (b. 1682)
    • 1800 – Nana Fadnavis, Indian minister and politician (b. 1742)
    • 1808 – Christian VII of Denmark (b. 1749)
    • 1823 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, English admiral and politician (b. 1735)
    • 1833 – William Bradley, English lieutenant and cartographer (b. 1757)
    • 1842 – Henry Shrapnel, English general (b. 1761)
    • 1854 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French politician, 6th Prime Minister of France (b. 1773)
    • 1873 – David Swinson Maynard, American physician, lawyer, and businessman (b. 1808)
    • 1879 – Adolf Anderssen, German mathematician and chess player (b. 1818)
    • 1881 – Alexander II of Russia (b. 1818)
    • 1884 – Leland Stanford Jr., American son of Leland Stanford (b. 1868)
    • 1885 – Giorgio Mitrovich, Maltese politician (b. 1795)
    • 1901 – Benjamin Harrison, American general and politician, 23rd President of the United States (b. 1833)
    • 1906 – Susan B. Anthony, American activist (b. 1820)
    • 1912 – Eugène-Étienne Taché, Canadian engineer and architect, designed the Parliament Building (b. 1836)
    • 1921 – Jenny Twitchell Kempton, American opera singer and educator (b. 1835)
    • 1936 – Francis Bell, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851)
    • 1938 – Clarence Darrow, American lawyer and author (b. 1857)
    • 1943 – Stephen Vincent Benét, American poet, short story writer, and novelist (b. 1898)
    • 1946 – Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (b. 1878)
    • 1962 – Anne Acheson, Irish sculptor (d. 1882)
    • 1965 – Vittorio Jano, Italian engineer (b. 1891)
    • 1965 – Fan Noli, Albanian-American bishop and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1882)
    • 1971 – Rockwell Kent, American painter and illustrator (b. 1882)
    • 1972 – Tony Ray-Jones, English photographer (b. 1941)
    • 1975 – Ivo Andrić, Yugoslav novelist, poet, and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
    • 1976 – Ole Haugsrud, American sports executive (b. 1900)
    • 1983 – Paul Citroen, German-Dutch illustrator and educator (b. 1896)
    • 1990 – Bruno Bettelheim, Austrian-American psychologist and author (b. 1903)
    • 1995 – Odette Hallowes, French nurse and spy (b. 1912)
    • 1996 – Krzysztof Kieślowski, Polish director and screenwriter (b. 1941)
    • 1998 – Judge Dread, English singer-songwriter (b. 1945)
    • 1998 – Hans von Ohain, German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1911)
    • 1999 – Lee Falk, American cartoonist, director, and producer (b. 1911)
    • 1999 – Garson Kanin, American director and screenwriter (b. 1912)
    • 2001 – John A. Alonzo, American actor and cinematographer (b. 1934)
    • 2001 – Encarnacion Alzona, Filipino historian and educator (b. 1895)
    • 2002 – Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher and scholar (b. 1900)
    • 2004 – Franz König, Austrian cardinal (b. 1905)
    • 2006 – Robert C. Baker, American businessman, invented the chicken nugget (b. 1921)
    • 2006 – Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish footballer (b. 1944)
    • 2006 – Maureen Stapleton, American actress (b. 1925)
    • 2007 – Arnold Skaaland, American wrestler and manager (b. 1925)
    • 2009 – Betsy Blair, American actress (b. 1923)
    • 2009 – Alan W. Livingston, American businessman (b. 1917)
    • 2010 – Jean Ferrat, French singer-songwriter (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Rick Martin, Canadian-American ice hockey player (b. 1951)
    • 2014 – Reubin Askew, American sergeant, lawyer, and politician, 37th Governor of Florida (b. 1928)
    • 2014 – Edward Haughey, Baron Ballyedmond, Irish businessman and politician (b. 1944)
    • 2014 – Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, Sierra Leonean economist, lawyer, and politician, 3rd President of Sierra Leone (b. 1932)
    • 2014 – Icchokas Meras, Lithuanian-Israeli author and screenwriter (b. 1934)
    • 2015 – Al Rosen, American baseball player and manager (b. 1924)
    • 2016 – Hilary Putnam, American philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist (b. 1926)
    • 2017 – Amy Krouse Rosenthal, American author (b. 1965)
    • 2018 – Emily Nasrallah, Lebanese writer and women’s rights activist. (b. 1931)

    Holidays and observances on March 13

    • Christian feast days:
      • Ansovinus
      • Gerald of Mayo
      • James Theodore Holly (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • Nicephorus
      • Roderick
      • March 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Kasuga Matsuri (Kasuga Grand Shrine, Nara, Japan)
    • National Elephant Day (Thailand)
    • Africa Scout Day