1307

  • July 7 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    The terms 7th July, July 7th, and 7/7 (pronounced “Seven-seven“) have been widely used in the Western media as a shorthand for the 7 July 2005 bombings on London’s transport system. In the Chinese language, this term is used to denote the Battle of Lugou Bridge started on July 7, 1937, marking the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

    July 7 in History

    • 1124 – The city of Tyre falls to the Venetian Crusade after a siege of nineteen weeks.
    • 1456 – A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death.
    • 1520 – Spanish conquistadores defeat a larger Aztec army at the Battle of Otumba.
    • 1534 – Jacques Cartier makes his first contact with aboriginal peoples in what is now Canada.
    • 1575 – The Raid of the Redeswire is the last major battle between England and Scotland.
    • 1585 – The Treaty of Nemours abolishes tolerance to Protestants in France.
    • 1770 – The Battle of Larga between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire takes place.
    • 1777 – American forces retreating from Fort Ticonderoga are defeated in the Battle of Hubbardton.
    • 1798 – As a result of the XYZ Affair, the US Congress rescinds the Treaty of Alliance with France sparking the “Quasi-War”.
    • 1807 – The Peace of Tilsit between France, Prussia and Russia ends the War of the Fourth Coalition.
    • 1834 – In New York City, four nights of rioting against abolitionists began.
    • 1846 – US troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the US conquest of California.
    • 1863 – The United States begins its first military draft; exemptions cost $300.
    • 1865 – Four conspirators in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln are hanged.
    • 1892 – The Katipunan is established, the discovery of which by Spanish authorities initiated the Philippine Revolution.
    • 1898 – US President William McKinley signs the Newlands Resolution annexing Hawaii as a territory of the United States.
    • 1907 – Florenz Ziegfeld Jr. staged his first Follies on the roof of the New York Theater in New York City.
    • 1911 – The United States, UK, Japan, and Russia sign the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 banning open-water seal hunting, the first international treaty to address wildlife preservation issues.
    • 1915 – The First Battle of the Isonzo comes to an end.
    • 1915 – Colombo Town Guard officer Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for allegedly inciting persecution of Muslims.
    • 1916 – The New Zealand Labour Party was founded in Wellington.
    • 1928 – Sliced bread is sold for the first time (on the inventor’s 48th birthday) by the Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri.
    • 1930 – Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser begins construction of Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam).
    • 1937 – The Marco Polo Bridge Incident provides the Imperial Japanese Army with a pretext for starting the Second Sino-Japanese War.
    • 1937 – The Peel Commission Report recommends the partition of Palestine, which was the first formal recommendation for partition in the history of Palestine.
    • 1941 – The US occupation of Iceland replaces the UK’s occupation.
    • 1944 – World War II: Largest Banzai charge of the Pacific War at the Battle of Saipan.
    • 1946 – Mother Francesca S. Cabrini becomes the first American to be canonized.
    • 1946 – Howard Hughes nearly dies when his XF-11 reconnaissance aircraft prototype crashes in a Beverly Hills neighborhood.
    • 1952 – The ocean liner SS United States passes Bishop Rock on her maiden voyage, breaking the transatlantic speed record to become the fastest passenger ship in the world.
    • 1953 – Ernesto “Che” Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador.
    • 1954 – Elvis Presley makes his radio debut when WHBQ Memphis played his first recording for Sun Records, “That’s All Right”.
    • 1958 – US President Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Alaska Statehood Act into law.
    • 1959 – Venus occults the star Regulus. This rare event is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of the Venusian atmosphere.
    • 1963 – Buddhist crisis: The police of Ngô Đình Nhu, brother and chief political adviser of President Ngo Dinh Diem, attacked a group of American journalists who were covering a protest.
    • 1978 – The Solomon Islands becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
    • 1980 – Institution of sharia law in Iran.
    • 1980 – During the Lebanese Civil War, 83 Tiger militants are killed during what will be known as the Safra massacre.
    • 1981 – US President Ronald Reagan appoints Sandra Day O’Connor to become the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States.
    • 1983 – Cold War: Samantha Smith, a US schoolgirl, flies to the Soviet Union at the invitation of Secretary General Yuri Andropov.
    • 1985 – Boris Becker becomes the youngest player ever to win Wimbledon at age 17.
    • 1991 – Yugoslav Wars: The Brioni Agreement ends the ten-day independence war in Slovenia against the rest of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
    • 1992 – The New York Court of Appeals rules that women have the same right as men to go topless in public.
    • 1997 – The Turkish Armed Forces withdraw from northern Iraq after assisting the Kurdistan Democratic Party in the Iraqi Kurdish Civil War.
    • 2003 – NASA Opportunity rover, MER-B or Mars Exploration Rover–B, was launched into space aboard a Delta II rocket.
    • 2005 – A series of four explosions occurs on London’s transport system, killing 56 people, including four suicide bombers, and injuring over 700 others.
    • 2007 – The first Live Earth benefit concert was held in 11 locations around the world.
    • 2012 – At least 172 people are killed in a flash flood in the Krasnodar Krai region of Russia.
    • 2013 – A De Havilland Otter air taxi crashes in Soldotna, Alaska, killing ten people.
    • 2016 – Ex-US Army soldier Micah Xavier Johnson shoots fourteen policemen during an anti-police protest in downtown Dallas, Texas, killing five of them. He is subsequently killed by a robot-delivered bomb.

    Births on July 7

    • 611 – Eudoxia Epiphania, daughter of Byzantine emperor Heraclius
    • 1053 – Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129)
    • 1119 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
    • 1207 – Elizabeth of Hungary (d. 1231)
    • 1482 – Andrzej Krzycki, Polish archbishop (d. 1537)
    • 1528 – Archduchess Anna of Austria (d. 1590)
    • 1540 – John Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary (d. 1571)
    • 1586 – Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English courtier and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland (d. 1646)
    • 1616 – John Leverett, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. 1679)
    • 1752 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French merchant, invented the Jacquard loom (d. 1834)
    • 1766 – Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (d. 1815)
    • 1831 – Jane Elizabeth Conklin, American poet and religious writer (d. 1914)
    • 1833 – Félicien Rops, Belgian painter and illustrator (d. 1898)
    • 1843 – Camillo Golgi, Italian physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1926)
    • 1846 – Heinrich Rosenthal, Estonian physician and author (d. 1916)
    • 1848 – Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian politician, 5th President of Brazil (d. 1919)
    • 1851 – Charles Albert Tindley, American minister and composer (d. 1933)
    • 1855 – Ludwig Ganghofer, German author and playwright (d. 1920)
    • 1859 – Rettamalai Srinivasan, Indian politician (d. 1911)
    • 1860 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1911)
    • 1861 – Nettie Stevens, American geneticist (d. 1912)
    • 1869 – Rachel Caroline Eaton, American academic (d. 1938)
    • 1869 – Fernande Sadler (d.1949), French painter and mayor
    • 1874 – Erwin Bumke, German lawyer and jurist (d. 1945)
    • 1880 – Otto Frederick Rohwedder, American engineer, invented sliced bread (d. 1960)
    • 1882 – Yanka Kupala, Belarusian poet and writer (d. 1941)
    • 1884 – Toivo Kuula, Finnish conductor and composer (d. 1918)
    • 1884 – Lion Feuchtwanger, German author and playwright (d. 1958)
    • 1891 – Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Japanese general and poet (d. 1945)
    • 1891 – Virginia Rappe, American model and actress (d. 1921)
    • 1893 – Herbert Feis, American historian and author (d. 1972)
    • 1893 – Miroslav Krleža, Croatian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1981)
    • 1898 – Arnold Horween, American football player and coach (d. 1985)
    • 1899 – George Cukor, American director and producer (d. 1983)
    • 1900 – Maria Bard, German stage and silent film actress (d. 1944)
    • 1900 – Earle E. Partridge, American general (d. 1990)
    • 1901 – Vittorio De Sica, Italian actor and director (d. 1974)
    • 1901 – Sam Katzman, American director and producer (d. 1973)
    • 1901 – Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese cinematographer and producer (d. 1970)
    • 1902 – Ted Radcliffe, American baseball player and manager (d. 2005)
    • 1904 – Simone Beck, French chef and author (d. 1991)
    • 1905 – Marie-Louise Dubreil-Jacotin, French mathematician (d. 1972)
    • 1906 – William Feller, Croatian-American mathematician and academic (d. 1970)
    • 1906 – Anton Karas, Austrian zither player and composer (d. 1985)
    • 1906 – Satchel Paige, American baseball player and coach (d. 1982)
    • 1907 – Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction writer and screenwriter (d. 1988)
    • 1908 – Revilo P. Oliver, American author and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1909 – Gottfried von Cramm, German tennis player (d. 1976)
    • 1910 – Doris McCarthy, Canadian painter and author (d. 2010)
    • 1911 – Gian Carlo Menotti, Italian-American composer (d. 2007)
    • 1913 – Pinetop Perkins, American singer and pianist (d. 2011)
    • 1915 – Margaret Walker, American novelist and poet (d. 1998)
    • 1917 – Fidel Sánchez Hernández, Salvadoran general and politician, President of El Salvador (d. 2003)
    • 1917 – Iva Withers, Canadian-American actress and singer (d. 2014)
    • 1918 – Bob Vanatta, American head basketball coach (d. 2016)
    • 1918 – Jing Shuping, Chinese businessman (d. 2009)
    • 1919 – Jon Pertwee, English actor (d. 1996)
    • 1921 – Ezzard Charles, American boxer (d. 1975)
    • 1921 – Adolf von Thadden, German lieutenant and politician (d. 1996)
    • 1922 – Alan Armer, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1922 – James D. Hughes, American Air Force lieutenant general
    • 1923 – Liviu Ciulei, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
    • 1923 – Whitney North Seymour Jr., American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1923 – Eduardo Falú, Argentinian guitarist and composer (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Natalia Bekhtereva, Russian neuroscientist and psychologist (d. 2008)
    • 1924 – Karim Olowu, Nigerian sprinter and long jumper (d. 2019)
    • 1924 – Mary Ford, American singer and guitarist (d. 1977)
    • 1924 – Eddie Romero, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Wally Phillips, American radio host (d. 2008)
    • 1926 – Nuon Chea, Cambodian politician (d. 2019)
    • 1926 – Anand Mohan Zutshi Gulzar Dehlvi, Urdu poet (d. 2020)
    • 1927 – Alan J. Dixon, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 34th Illinois Secretary of State (d. 2014)
    • 1927 – Charlie Louvin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
    • 1927 – Doc Severinsen, American trumpet player and conductor
    • 1928 – Patricia Hitchcock, English actress
    • 1928 – Kapelwa Sikota Zambian nurse and health official (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet (d. 2005)
    • 1929 – Sergio Romano, Italian writer, journalist, and historian
    • 1930 – Biljana Plavšić, 2nd President of Republika Srpska
    • 1930 – Hamish MacInnes, Scottish mountaineer and author
    • 1930 – Theodore Edgar McCarrick, American cardinal
    • 1930 – Hank Mobley, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1986)
    • 1931 – David Eddings, American author and academic (d. 2009)
    • 1932 – T. J. Bass, American physician and author (d. 2011)
    • 1932 – Joe Zawinul, Austrian jazz keyboardist and composer (d. 2007)
    • 1933 – David McCullough, American historian and author
    • 1934 – Robert McNeill Alexander, British zoologist (d. 2016)
    • 1935 – Gian Carlo Michelini, Italian-Taiwanese Roman Catholic priest
    • 1936 – Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
    • 1936 – Jo Siffert, Swiss race car driver (d. 1971)
    • 1936 – Nikos Xilouris, Greek singer-songwriter (d. 1980)
    • 1937 – Tung Chee-hwa, Hong Kong businessman and politician, 1st Chief Executive of Hong Kong
    • 1938 – James Montgomery Boice, American pastor and theologian (d. 2000)
    • 1939 – Elena Obraztsova, Russian soprano and actress (d. 2015)
    • 1940 – Ringo Starr, English singer-songwriter, drummer, and actor
    • 1941 – Marco Bollesan, Italian rugby player and coach
    • 1941 – John Fru Ndi, Cameroonian politician
    • 1941 – Michael Howard, Welsh lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for the Environment
    • 1941 – Bill Oddie, English comedian, actor, and singer
    • 1941 – Jim Rodford, English bass player (d. 2018)
    • 1942 – Carmen Duncan, Australian actress (d. 2019)
    • 1943 – Joel Siegel, American journalist and critic (d. 2007)
    • 1944 – Feleti Sevele, Tongan politician; Prime Minister of Tonga
    • 1944 – Tony Jacklin, English golfer and sportscaster
    • 1944 – Glenys Kinnock, Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead, English educator and politician, Minister of State for Europe
    • 1944 – Emanuel Steward, American boxer and trainer (d. 2012)
    • 1944 – Ian Wilmut, English-Scottish embryologist and academic
    • 1945 – Michael Ancram, English lawyer and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence
    • 1945 – Adele Goldberg, American computer scientist and academic
    • 1945 – Helô Pinheiro, inspiration for the song “The Girl from Ipanema”
    • 1947 – Gyanendra, King of Nepal
    • 1947 – Howard Rheingold, American author and critic
    • 1949 – Shelley Duvall, American actress, writer, and producer
    • 1954 – Simon Anderson, Australian surfer
    • 1955 – Len Barker, American baseball player and coach
    • 1957 – Jonathan Dayton, American director and producer
    • 1957 – Berry Sakharof, Turkish-Israeli singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1958 – Alexander Svinin, Russian figure skater and coach
    • 1959 – Billy Campbell, American actor
    • 1960 – Kevin A. Ford, American colonel and astronaut
    • 1960 – Ralph Sampson, American basketball player and coach
    • 1963 – Vonda Shepard, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1964 – Dominik Henzel, Czech-Swedish actor and comedian
    • 1965 – Mo Collins, American actress, comedian and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Jeremy Kyle, English talk show host
    • 1966 – Jim Gaffigan, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1967 – Tom Kristensen, Danish race car driver
    • 1968 – Jorja Fox, American actress
    • 1969 – Sylke Otto, German luger
    • 1969 – Joe Sakic, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1969 – Cree Summer, American-Canadian actress
    • 1970 – Wayne McCullough, Northern Irish boxer
    • 1970 – Min Patel, Indian-English cricketer
    • 1970 – Erik Zabel, German cyclist and coach
    • 1971 – Christian Camargo, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1972 – Lisa Leslie, American basketball player and actress
    • 1972 – Manfred Stohl, Austrian race car driver
    • 1972 – Kirsten Vangsness, American actress and writer
    • 1973 – José Jiménez, Dominican baseball player
    • 1973 – Kārlis Skrastiņš, Latvian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
    • 1974 – Patrick Lalime, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
    • 1975 – Tony Benshoof, American luger
    • 1975 – Louis Koen, South African rugby player
    • 1975 – Adam Nelson, American shot putter
    • 1976 – Bérénice Bejo, Argentinian-French actress
    • 1976 – Dominic Foley, Irish footballer
    • 1976 – Vasily Petrenko, Russian conductor
    • 1976 – Ercüment Olgundeniz, Turkish discus thrower and shot putter
    • 1978 – Chris Andersen, American basketball player
    • 1978 – Davor Kraljević, Croatian footballer
    • 1979 – Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad Arbaysh, Saudi Arabian terrorist (d. 2015)
    • 1979 – Anastasios Gousis, Greek sprinter
    • 1979 – Douglas Hondo, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1980 – John Buck, American baseball player
    • 1980 – Serdar Kulbilge, Turkish footballer
    • 1980 – Michelle Kwan, American figure skater
    • 1981 – Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Indian cricketer
    • 1982 – Jan Laštůvka, Czech footballer
    • 1982 – George Owu, Ghanaian footballer
    • 1983 – Justin Davies, Australian footballer
    • 1984 – Minas Alozidis, Greek hurdler
    • 1984 – Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Mohammad Ashraful, Bangladeshi cricketer
    • 1985 – Marc Stein, German footballer
    • 1986 – Ana Kasparian, American journalist and producer
    • 1986 – Udo Schwarz, German rugby player
    • 1986 – Sevyn Streeter, American singer-songwriter
    • 1988 – Kaci Brown, American singer-songwriter
    • 1988 – Lukas Rosenthal, German rugby player
    • 1989 – Landon Cassill, American race car driver
    • 1989 – Miina Kallas, Estonian footballer
    • 1989 – Karl-August Tiirmaa, Estonian skier
    • 1990 – Lee Addy, Ghanaian footballer
    • 1990 – Pascal Stöger, Austrian footballer
    • 1991 – Alesso, Swedish DJ, record producer and musician
    • 1992 – Ellina Anissimova, Estonian hammer thrower
    • 1992 – Dominik Furman, Polish footballer
    • 1994 – Timothy Cathcart, Northern Irish race car driver (d. 2014)

    Deaths on July 7

    • 984 – Crescentius the Elder, Italian politician and aristocrat
    • 1021 – Fujiwara no Akimitsu, Japanese bureaucrat (b. 944)
    • 1162 – Haakon II Sigurdsson, king of Norway (b. 1147)
    • 1285 – Tile Kolup, German impostor claiming to be Frederick II
    • 1304 – Benedict XI, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1240)
    • 1307 – Edward I, king of England (b. 1239)
    • 1345 – Momchil, Bulgarian brigand and ruler
    • 1531 – Tilman Riemenschneider, German sculptor (b. 1460)
    • 1568 – William Turner, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1508)
    • 1572 – Sigismund II Augustus, Polish king (b. 1520)
    • 1573 – Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect, designed the Church of the Gesù and Villa Farnese (b. 1507)
    • 1593 – Mohammed Bagayogo, Malian scholar and academic (b. 1523)
    • 1600 – Thomas Lucy, English politician (b. 1532)
    • 1607 – Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman (b. 1563)
    • 1647 – Thomas Hooker, English minister, founded the Colony of Connecticut (b. 1586)
    • 1701 – William Stoughton, American judge and politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (b. 1631)
    • 1713 – Henry Compton, English bishop (b. 1632)
    • 1718 – Alexei Petrovich, Russian tsar (b. 1690)
    • 1730 – Olivier Levasseur, French pirate (b. 1690)
    • 1758 – Marthanda Varma, Rani of Attingal (b. 1706)
    • 1764 – William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician, Secretary at War (b. 1683)
    • 1776 – Jeremiah Markland, English scholar and academic (b. 1693)
    • 1790 – François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher and author (b. 1721)
    • 1816 – Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright and poet (b. 1751)
    • 1863 – William Mulready, Irish genre painter (b. 1786)
    • 1865 – George Atzerodt (b. 1833)
    • 1865 – David Herold (b. 1842)
    • 1865 – Lewis Payne (b. 1844)
    • 1865 – Mary Surratt (b. 1823)
    • 1890 – Henri Nestlé, German businessman, founded Nestlé (b. 1814)
    • 1901 – Johanna Spyri, Swiss author (b. 1827)
    • 1913 – Edward Burd Grubb Jr., American general and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Spain (b. 1841)
    • 1922 – Cathal Brugha, Irish revolutionary and politician, active in the Easter Rising, Irish War of Independence; first Ceann Comhairle and first President of Dáil Éireann (b. 1874)
    • 1925 – Clarence Hudson White, American photographer and educator (b. 1871)
    • 1927 – Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Swedish mathematician and academic (b. 1846)
    • 1930 – Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer (b. 1859)
    • 1932 – Alexander Grin, Russian author (b. 1880)
    • 1932 – Henry Eyster Jacobs, American theologian and educator (b. 1844)
    • 1939 – Deacon White, American baseball player and manager (b. 1847)
    • 1950 – Fats Navarro, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1923)
    • 1955 – Ali Naci Karacan, Turkish journalist and publisher (b. 1896)
    • 1956 – Gottfried Benn, German author and poet (b. 1886)
    • 1960 – Francis Browne, Irish priest and photographer (b. 1880)
    • 1964 – Lillian Copeland, American discus thrower and shot putter (b. 1904)
    • 1965 – Moshe Sharett, Ukrainian-Israeli lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1894)
    • 1968 – Jo Schlesser, French race car driver (b. 1928)
    • 1971 – Claude Gauvreau, Canadian poet and playwright (b. 1925)
    • 1972 – Athenagoras I of Constantinople (b. 1886)
    • 1973 – Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (b. 1895)
    • 1973 – Veronica Lake, American actress (b. 1922)
    • 1976 – Walter Giesler, American soccer player and referee (b. 1910)
    • 1978 – Francisco Mendes, Guinea-Bissau lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1933)
    • 1980 – Dore Schary, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1905)
    • 1982 – Bon Maharaja, Indian guru and religious writer (b. 1901)
    • 1984 – George Oppen, American poet and author (b. 1908)
    • 1987 – Germaine Thyssens-Valentin, Dutch-French pianist (b. 1902)
    • 1990 – Bill Cullen, American television panelist and game show host (b. 1920)
    • 1990 – Cazuza, Brazilian singer and songwriter (b. 1958)
    • 1993 – Rıfat Ilgaz, Turkish author, poet, and educator (b. 1911)
    • 1994 – Carlo Chiti, Italian engineer (b. 1924)
    • 1994 – Cameron Mitchell, American actor (b. 1918)
    • 1994 – Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German general (b. 1907)
    • 1998 – Moshood Abiola, Nigerian businessman and politician (b. 1937)
    • 1999 – Julie Campbell Tatham, American author (b. 1908)
    • 1999 – Vikram Batra, Param Vir Chakra, Indian Army personnel (b. 1974)
    • 2000 – Kenny Irwin Jr., American race car driver (b. 1969)
    • 2001 – Fred Neil, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1936)
    • 2003 – Izhak Graziani, Bulgarian trumpet player and conductor (b. 1924)
    • 2006 – Syd Barrett, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1946)
    • 2006 – Juan de Ávalos, Spanish sculptor (b. 1911)
    • 2006 – John Money, New Zealand-American psychologist and author (b. 1921)
    • 2008 – Bruce Conner, American sculptor, painter, and photographer (b. 1933)
    • 2008 – Dorian Leigh, American model (b. 1917)
    • 2011 – Allan W. Eckert, American historian and author (b. 1931)
    • 2011 – Dick Williams, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1929)
    • 2012 – Ronaldo Cunha Lima, Brazilian poet and politician (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Dennis Flemion, American drummer (b. 1955)
    • 2012 – Doris Neal, American baseball player (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Jerry Norman, American sinologist and linguist (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Leon Schlumpf, Swiss politician (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Artur Hajzer, Polish mountaineer (b. 1962)
    • 2013 – Robert Hamerton-Kelly, South African-American pastor, theologian, and author (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Donald J. Irwin, American lawyer and politician, 32nd Mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut (b. 1926)
    • 2013 – Ben Pucci, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – Eduard Shevardnadze, Georgian general and politician, 2nd President of Georgia (b. 1928)
    • 2014 – Peter Underwood, Australian lawyer and politician, 27th Governor of Tasmania (b. 1937)
    • 2015 – Maria Barroso, Portuguese actress and politician (b. 1925)
    • 2015 – Bob MacKinnon, American basketball player and coach (b. 1927)

    Holidays and observances on July 7

    • Christian feast day:
      • Æthelburh of Faremoutiers
      • Felix of Nantes
      • Illidius
      • The job of Manyava (Ukrainian Orthodox Church)
      • Willibald (Catholic Church)
      • July 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Solomon Islands from the United Kingdom in 1978.
    • Ivan Kupala Day (Belarus, Poland, Russia, Ukraine)
    • Saba Saba Day (Tanzania)
    • Tanabata (Japan)
    • World Chocolate Day

  • July 4 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    The Aphelion, the point in the year when the Earth is farthest from the Sun, occurs around this date.

    July 4 in History

    • 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
    • 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaimed herself empress (Augusta) of the Eastern Roman Empire.
    • 836 – Pactum Sicardi, a peace treaty between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples, is signed.
    • 993 – Ulrich of Augsburg is canonized as a saint.
    • 1054 – A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
    • 1120 – Jordan II of Capua is anointed as prince after his infant nephew’s death.
    • 1187 – The Crusades: Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.
    • 1253 – Battle of West-Capelle: John I of Avesnes defeats Guy of Dampierre.
    • 1359 – Francesco II Ordelaffi of Forlì surrenders to the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz.
    • 1456 – Ottoman–Hungarian wars: The Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) begins.
    • 1534 – Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye.
    • 1584 – Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe arrive at Roanoke Island
    • 1610 – The Battle of Klushino is fought between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia during the Polish–Muscovite War.
    • 1634 – The city of Trois-Rivières is founded in New France (now Quebec, Canada).
    • 1744 – The Treaty of Lancaster, in which the Iroquois cede lands between the Allegheny Mountains and the Ohio River to the British colonies, was signed in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
    • 1774 – Orangetown Resolutions are adopted in the Province of New York, one of many protests against the British Parliament’s Coercive Acts.
    • 1776 – American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress.
    • 1778 – American Revolutionary War: U.S. forces under George Clark capture Kaskaskia during the Illinois campaign.
    • 1802 – At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy opens.
    • 1803 – The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.
    • 1817 – In Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins.
    • 1826 – John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, respectively the second and third presidents of the United States, die the same day, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence. Adams’ last words were, “Thomas Jefferson survives.”
    • 1827 – Slavery is abolished in the State of New York.
    • 1831 – Samuel Francis Smith writes “My Country, ‘Tis of Thee” for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities.
    • 1837 – Grand Junction Railway, the world’s first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool.
    • 1838 – The Iowa Territory is organized.
    • 1845 – Henry David Thoreau moves into a small cabin on Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau’s account of his two years there, Walden, will become a touchstone of the environmental movement.
    • 1855 – The first edition of Walt Whitman’s book of poems, Leaves of Grass, is published In Brooklyn.
    • 1862 – Lewis Carroll tells Alice Liddell a story that would grow into Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its sequels.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg: Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to U.S. forces under Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege. One hundred fifty miles up the Mississippi River, a Confederate army is repulsed at the Battle of Helena, Arkansas.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Confederate invasion of U.S. territory.
    • 1879 – Anglo-Zulu War: The Zululand capital of Ulundi is captured by British troops and burned to the ground, ending the war and forcing King Cetshwayo to flee.
    • 1881 – In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.
    • 1886 – The Canadian Pacific Railway’s first scheduled train from Montreal arrives in Port Moody on the Pacific coast, after six days of travel.
    • 1887 – The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, joins Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam, Karachi.
    • 1892 – Western Samoa changes the International Date Line, causing Monday (July 4) to occur twice, resulting in a year with 367 days.
    • 1894 – The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by Sanford B. Dole.
    • 1898 – En route from New York to Le Havre, the SS La Bourgogne collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of Sable Island, with the loss of 549 lives.
    • 1901 – William Howard Taft becomes American governor of the Philippines.
    • 1903 – The Philippine–American War is officially concluded.
    • 1910 – The Johnson–Jeffries riots occur after African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer Jim Jeffries in the 15th round. Between 11 and 26 people are killed and hundreds more injured.
    • 1911 – A massive heat wave strikes the northeastern United States, killing 380 people in eleven days and breaking temperature records in several cities.
    • 1913 – President Woodrow Wilson addresses American Civil War veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913.
    • 1914 – The funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie takes place in Vienna, six days after their assassinations in Sarajevo.
    • 1918 – Mehmed V died at the age of 73 and Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI ascends to the throne.
    • 1918 – World War I: The Battle of Hamel, a successful attack by the Australian Corps against German positions near the town of Le Hamel on the Western Front.
    • 1918 – Bolsheviks kill Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family (Julian calendar date).
    • 1927 – First flight of the Lockheed Vega.
    • 1939 – Lou Gehrig, recently diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, informs a crowd at Yankee Stadium that he considers himself “The luckiest man on the face of the earth”, then announces his retirement from major league baseball.
    • 1941 – Nazi crimes against the Polish nation: Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv.
    • 1941 – World War II: The Burning of the Riga synagogues: The Great Choral Synagogue in German occupied Riga is burnt with 300 Jews locked in the basement.
    • 1942 – World War II: The 250-day Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimea ends when the city falls to Axis forces.
    • 1943 – World War II: The Battle of Kursk, the largest full-scale battle in history and the world’s largest tank battle, begins in the village of Prokhorovka.
    • 1943 – World War II: In Gibraltar, a Royal Air Force B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into the sea in an apparent accident moments after takeoff, killing sixteen passengers on board, including general Władysław Sikorski, the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army and the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile; only the pilot survives.
    • 1946 – The Kielce pogrom against Jewish Holocaust survivors in Poland.
    • 1946 – After 381 years of near-continuous colonial rule by various powers, the Philippines attains full independence from the United States.
    • 1947 – The “Indian Independence Bill” is presented before the British House of Commons, proposing the independence of the Provinces of British India into two sovereign countries: India and Pakistan.
    • 1950 – Cold War: Radio Free Europe first broadcasts.
    • 1951 – Cold War: A court in Czechoslovakia sentences American journalist William N. Oatis to ten years in prison on charges of espionage.
    • 1951 – William Shockley announces the invention of the junction transistor.
    • 1954 – Rationing ends in the United Kingdom.
    • 1960 – Due to the post-Independence Day admission of Hawaii as the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959, the 50-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia, almost ten and a half months later (see Flag Acts (United States)).
    • 1961 – On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die of radiation poisoning over the following two years.
    • 1966 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information Act into United States law. The act went into effect the next year.
    • 1976 – Israeli commandos raid Entebbe airport in Uganda, rescuing all but four of the passengers and crew of an Air France jetliner seized by Palestinian terrorists.
    • 1976 – The U.S. celebrates its Bicentennial.
    • 1977 – The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit.
    • 1982 – Three Iranian diplomats and a journalist are kidnapped in Lebanon by Phalange forces, and their fate remains unknown.
    • 1987 – In France, former Gestapo chief Klaus Barbie (a.k.a. the “Butcher of Lyon”) is convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life imprisonment.
    • 1994 – Rwandan genocide: Kigali, the Rwandan capital, is captured by the Rwandan Patriotic Front, ending the genocide in the city.
    • 1997 – NASA’s Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.
    • 1998 – Japan launches the Nozomi probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.
    • 2001 – Vladivostock Air Flight 352 crashes on approach to Irkutsk Airport killing all 145 people on board.
    • 2004 – The cornerstone of the Freedom Tower is laid on the World Trade Center site in New York City.
    • 2004 – Greece beats Portugal in the UEFA Euro 2004 Final and becomes European Champion for first time in its history.
    • 2005 – The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1.
    • 2006 – Space Shuttle program: Discovery launches STS-121 to the International Space Station. The event gained wide media attention as it was the only shuttle launch in the program’s history to occur on the United States’ Independence Day.
    • 2009 – The Statue of Liberty’s crown reopens to the public after eight years of closure due to security concerns following the September 11 attacks.
    • 2009 – The first of four days of bombings begins on the southern Philippine island group of Mindanao.
    • 2012 – The discovery of particles consistent with the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider is announced at CERN.
    • 2015 – Chile claims its first title in international soccer by defeating Argentina in the 2015 Copa América Final.

    Births on July 4

    • AD 68 – Salonina Matidia, Roman daughter of Ulpia Marciana (d. 119)
    • 1095 – Usama ibn Munqidh, Muslim poet, author and faris (Knight) (d. 1188)
    • 1330 – Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shōgun (d. 1367)
    • 1477 – Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (d. 1534)
    • 1546 – Murad III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1595)
    • 1656 – John Leake, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1720)
    • 1694 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French organist and composer (d. 1772)
    • 1715 – Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet and academic (d. 1769)
    • 1719 – Michel-Jean Sedaine, French playwright (d. 1797)
    • 1729 – George Leonard, American lawyer, jurist and politician (d. 1819)
    • 1753 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard, French inventor, best known as a pioneer in balloon flight (d. 1809)
    • 1790 – George Everest, Welsh geographer and surveyor (d. 1866)
    • 1799 – Oscar I of Sweden (d. 1859)
    • 1804 – Nathaniel Hawthorne, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1864)
    • 1807 – Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian general and politician (d. 1882)
    • 1816 – Hiram Walker, American businessman, founded Canadian Club whisky (d. 1899)
    • 1826 – Stephen Foster, American songwriter and composer (d. 1864)
    • 1842 – Hermann Cohen, German philosopher (d. 1918)
    • 1845 – Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist and humanitarian (d. 1905)
    • 1847 – James Anthony Bailey, American circus ringmaster, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (d. 1906)
    • 1854 – Victor Babeș, Romanian physician and biologist (d. 1926)
    • 1868 – Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer and academic (d. 1921)
    • 1871 – Hubert Cecil Booth, English engineer (d. 1955)
    • 1872 – Calvin Coolidge, American lawyer and politician, 30th President of the United States (d. 1933)
    • 1874 – John McPhee, Australian journalist and politician, 27th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1952)
    • 1880 – Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1975)
    • 1881 – Ulysses S. Grant III, American general (d. 1968)
    • 1883 – Rube Goldberg, American sculptor, cartoonist, and engineer (d. 1970)
    • 1887 – Pio Pion, Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1965)
    • 1888 – Henry Armetta, Italian-American actor and singer (d. 1945)
    • 1895 – Irving Caesar, American songwriter and composer (d. 1996)
    • 1896 – Mao Dun, Chinese journalist, author, and critic (d. 1981)
    • 1897 – Alluri Sitarama Raju, Indian activist (d. 1924)
    • 1898 – Pilar Barbosa, Puerto Rican-American historian and activist (d. 1997)
    • 1898 – Gertrude Lawrence, British actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1952)
    • 1898 – Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician (d. 1998)
    • 1898 – Gertrude Weaver, American supercentenarian (d. 2015)
    • 1900 – Belinda Dann, Indigenous Australian who was one of the Stolen Generation, reunited with family aged 107 (d. 2007)
    • 1900 – Nellie Mae Rowe, American folk artist (d. 1982)
    • 1902 – Meyer Lansky, American gangster (d. 1983)
    • 1902 – George Murphy, American actor and politician (d. 1992)
    • 1903 – Flor Peeters, Belgian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1986)
    • 1904 – Angela Baddeley, English actress (d. 1976)
    • 1905 – Irving Johnson, American sailor and author (d. 1991)
    • 1905 – Robert Hankey, 2nd Baron Hankey, British diplomat and public servant (d. 1996)
    • 1905 – Lionel Trilling, American critic, essayist, short story writer, and educator (d. 1975)
    • 1906 – Vincent Schaefer, American chemist and meteorologist (d. 1993)
    • 1907 – John Anderson, American discus thrower (d. 1948)
    • 1907 – Howard Taubman, American author and critic (d. 1996)
    • 1909 – Alec Templeton, Welsh composer, pianist and satirist (d. 1963)
    • 1910 – Robert K. Merton, American sociologist and scholar (d. 2003)
    • 1910 – Gloria Stuart, American actress (d. 2010)
    • 1911 – Bruce Hamilton, Australian public servant (d. 1989)
    • 1911 – Mitch Miller, American singer and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1914 – Nuccio Bertone, Italian automobile designer (d. 1997)
    • 1915 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1916 – Iva Toguri D’Aquino, American typist and broadcaster (d. 2006)
    • 1918 – Eppie Lederer, American journalist and radio host (d. 2002)
    • 1918 – Johnnie Parsons, American race car driver (d. 1984)
    • 1918 – King Taufa’ahau Tupou IV of Tonga, (d. 2006)
    • 1918 – Alec Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2010)
    • 1918 – Eric Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2006)
    • 1918 – Pauline Phillips, American journalist and radio host, created Dear Abby (d. 2013)
    • 1920 – Norm Drucker, American basketball player and referee (d. 2015)
    • 1920 – Leona Helmsley, American businesswoman (d. 2007)
    • 1920 – Fritz Wilde, German footballer and manager (d. 1977)
    • 1920 – Paul Bannai, American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1921 – Gérard Debreu, French economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
    • 1921 – Nasser Sharifi, Iranian sports shooter
    • 1921 – Metropolitan Mikhail of Asyut (d. 2014)
    • 1921 – Philip Rose, American actor, playwright, and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1921 – Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 2003)
    • 1922 – R. James Harvey, American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1923 – Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Eva Marie Saint, American actress
    • 1924 – Delia Fiallo, Cuban author and screenwriter
    • 1925 – Ciril Zlobec, Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and politician (d. 2018)
    • 1925 – Dorothy Head Knode, American tennis player (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (d. 2014)
    • 1926 – Lake Underwood, American race car driver and businessman (d. 2008)
    • 1927 – Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress and photographer
    • 1927 – Neil Simon, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 2018)
    • 1928 – Giampiero Boniperti, Italian footballer and politician
    • 1928 – Teofisto Guingona Jr., Filipino politician; 11th Vice President of the Philippines
    • 1928 – Jassem Alwan, Syrian Army Officer (d. 2018)
    • 1928 – Shan Ratnam, Sri Lankan physician and academic (d. 2001)
    • 1928 – Chuck Tanner, American baseball player and manager (d. 2011)
    • 1929 – Ron Casey, Australian journalist and sportscaster (d. 2018)
    • 1929 – Al Davis, American football player, coach, and manager (d. 2011)
    • 1929 – Bill Tuttle, American baseball player (d. 1998)
    • 1930 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (d. 2010)
    • 1931 – Stephen Boyd, Northern Ireland-born American actor (d. 1977)
    • 1931 – Rick Casares, American football player and soldier (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Sébastien Japrisot, French author, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
    • 1931 – Peter Richardson, English cricketer (d. 2017)
    • 1932 – Aurèle Vandendriessche, Belgian runner
    • 1934 – Yvonne B. Miller, American academic and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1934 – Colin Welland, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1935 – Paul Scoon, Grenadian politician, 2nd Governor-General of Grenada (d. 2013)
    • 1936 – Zdzisława Donat, Polish soprano and actress
    • 1937 – Thomas Nagel, American philosopher and academic
    • 1937 – Queen Sonja of Norway
    • 1937 – Richard Rhodes, American journalist and historian
    • 1937 – Eric Walters, Australian journalist (d. 2010)
    • 1938 – Steven Rose, English biologist and academic
    • 1938 – Bill Withers, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2020)
    • 1940 – Pat Stapleton, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2020)
    • 1941 – Sam Farr, American politician
    • 1941 – Tomaž Šalamun, Croatian-Slovenian poet and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1941 – Pavel Sedláček, Czech singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1941 – Brian Willson, American soldier, lawyer, and activist
    • 1942 – Hal Lanier, American baseball player, coach, and manager
    • 1942 – Floyd Little, American football player and coach
    • 1942 – Stefan Meller, French-Polish academic and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2008)
    • 1942 – Prince Michael of Kent
    • 1942 – Peter Rowan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Conny Bauer, German trombonist
    • 1943 – Emerson Boozer, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1943 – Adam Hart-Davis, English historian, author, and photographer
    • 1943 – Geraldo Rivera, American lawyer, journalist, and author
    • 1943 – Fred Wesley, American jazz and funk trombonist
    • 1943 – Alan Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970)
    • 1945 – Andre Spitzer, Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (d. 1972)
    • 1946 – Ron Kovic, American author and activist
    • 1946 – Michael Milken, American businessman and philanthropist
    • 1947 – Lembit Ulfsak, Estonian actor and director (d. 2017)
    • 1948 – René Arnoux, French race car driver
    • 1948 – Tommy Körberg, Swedish singer and actor
    • 1948 – Jeremy Spencer, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1950 – Philip Craven, English basketball player and swimmer
    • 1950 – David Jensen, Canadian-English radio and television host
    • 1951 – John Alexander, Australian tennis player and politician
    • 1951 – Ralph Johnson, American R&B drummer and percussionist
    • 1951 – Vladimir Tismăneanu, Romanian-American political scientist, sociologist, and academic
    • 1951 – Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, American lawyer and politician, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Maryland
    • 1952 – Álvaro Uribe, Colombian lawyer and politician, 39th President of Colombia
    • 1952 – Carol MacReady, English actress
    • 1952 – John Waite, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1952 – Paul Rogat Loeb, American author and activist
    • 1953 – Francis Maude, English lawyer and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office
    • 1954 – Jim Beattie, American baseball player, coach, and manager
    • 1954 – Morganna, American model, actress, and dancer
    • 1954 – Devendra Kumar Joshi, 21st Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy
    • 1955 – Kevin Nichols, Australian cyclist
    • 1956 – Robert Sinclair MacKay, British academic and educator
    • 1957 – Rein Lang, Estonian politician and diplomat, 25th Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1958 – Vera Leth, Greenlandic Ombudsman
    • 1958 – Kirk Pengilly, Australian guitarist, saxophonist, and songwriter
    • 1958 – Carl Valentine, English-Canadian footballer, coach, and manager
    • 1959 – Victoria Abril, Spanish actress and singer
    • 1960 – Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian race car driver (d. 1994)
    • 1961 – Richard Garriott, English-American video game designer, created the Ultima series
    • 1962 – Pam Shriver, American tennis player and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Henri Leconte, French tennis player and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Laureano Márquez, Spanish-Venezuelan political scientist and journalist
    • 1963 – José Oquendo, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
    • 1963 – Sonia Pierre, Hatian-Dominican human rights activist (d. 2011)
    • 1964 – Cle Kooiman, American soccer player and manager
    • 1964 – Elie Saab, Lebanese fashion designer
    • 1964 – Edi Rama, Albanian politician
    • 1964 – Mark Slaughter, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1964 – Mark Whiting, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Harvey Grant, American basketball player and coach
    • 1965 – Horace Grant, American basketball player and coach
    • 1965 – Kiriakos Karataidis, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1965 – Gérard Watkins, English actor and playwright
    • 1966 – Ronni Ancona, Scottish actress and screenwriter
    • 1966 – Minas Hantzidis, German-Greek footballer
    • 1966 – Lee Reherman, American actor (d. 2016)
    • 1967 – Vinny Castilla, Mexican baseball player and manager
    • 1967 – Sébastien Deleigne, French athlete
    • 1969 – Al Golden, American football player and coach
    • 1969 – Todd Marinovich, American football player and coach
    • 1969 – Wilfred Mugeyi, Zimbabwean footballer and coach
    • 1972 – Stephen Giles, Canadian canoe racer and engineer
    • 1972 – Mike Knuble, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1973 – Keiko Ihara, Japanese race car driver
    • 1973 – Gackt, Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor
    • 1973 – Michael Johnson, English-Jamaican footballer and manager
    • 1973 – Anjelika Krylova, Russian ice dancer and coach
    • 1973 – Jan Magnussen, Danish race car driver
    • 1973 – Tony Popovic, Australian footballer and manager
    • 1974 – Jill Craybas, American tennis player
    • 1974 – La’Roi Glover, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1974 – Adrian Griffin, American basketball player and coach
    • 1976 – Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2003)
    • 1976 – Yevgeniya Medvedeva, Russian skier
    • 1978 – Marcos Daniel, Brazilian tennis player
    • 1978 – Émile Mpenza, Belgian footballer
    • 1979 – Siim Kabrits, Estonian politician
    • 1979 – Josh McCown, American football player
    • 1979 – Renny Vega, Venezuelan footballer
    • 1980 – Kwame Steede, Bermudan footballer
    • 1981 – Dedé, Angolan footballer
    • 1981 – Brock Berlin, American football player
    • 1981 – Christoph Preuß, German footballer
    • 1981 – Francisco Cruceta, Dominican baseball player
    • 1981 – Will Smith, American football player (d. 2016)
    • 1982 – Vladimir Boisa, Georgian basketball player
    • 1982 – Vladimir Gusev, Russian cyclist
    • 1982 – Jeff Lima, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1982 – Michael “The Situation” Sorrentino, American model, author and television personality
    • 1983 – Melanie Fiona, Canadian singer-songwriter
    • 1983 – Amantle Montsho, Botswanan sprinter
    • 1983 – Miguel Pinto, Chilean footballer
    • 1983 – Amol Rajan, Indian-English journalist
    • 1983 – Mattia Serafini, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Jin Akanishi, Japanese singer-songwriter
    • 1984 – Miguel Santos Soares, Timorese footballer
    • 1985 – Kane Tenace, Australian footballer
    • 1985 – Dimitrios Mavroeidis, Greek basketball player
    • 1985 – Wason Rentería, Colombian footballer
    • 1986 – Ömer Aşık, Turkish basketball player
    • 1986 – Nguyen Ngoc Duy, Vietnamese footballer
    • 1986 – Rafael Arévalo, Salvadoran tennis player
    • 1986 – Willem Janssen, Dutch footballer
    • 1986 – Terrance Knighton, American football player
    • 1986 – Marte Elden, Norwegian skier
    • 1987 – Wude Ayalew, Ethiopian runner
    • 1987 – Guram Kashia, Georgian footballer
    • 1988 – Angelique Boyer, French-Mexican actress
    • 1989 – Benjamin Büchel, Liechtensteiner footballer
    • 1990 – Jake Gardiner, American ice hockey player
    • 1990 – Richard Mpong, Ghanaian footballer
    • 1990 – Naoki Yamada, Japanese footballer
    • 1990 – Ihar Yasinski, Belarusian footballer
    • 1992 – Ángel Romero, Paraguayan footballer
    • 1992 – Óscar Romero, Paraguayan footballer
    • 1993 – Tom Barkhuizen, English footballer
    • 1995 – Post Malone, American singer, rapper, songwriter and record producer
    • 1999 – Moa Kikuchi, Japanese musician
    • 2003 – Polina Bogusevich, Russian singer

    Deaths on July 4

    • 673 – Ecgberht, king of Kent
    • 907 – Luitpold, margrave of Bavaria
    • 907 – Dietmar I, archbishop of Salzburg
    • 910 – Luo Shaowei, Chinese warlord (b. 877)
    • 940 – Wang Jianli, Chinese general (b. 871)
    • 943 – Taejo of Goryeo, Korean king (b. 877)
    • 945 – Zhuo Yanming, Chinese Buddhist monk and emperor
    • 965 – Benedict V, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 973 – Ulrich of Augsburg, German bishop and saint (b. 890)
    • 975 – Gwangjong of Goryeo, Korean king (b. 925)
    • 1187 – Raynald of Châtillon, French knight (b. 1125)
    • 1307 – Rudolf I of Bohemia (b. 1281)
    • 1336 – Saint Elizabeth of Portugal (b. 1271)
    • 1429 – Carlo I Tocco, ruler of Epirus (b. 1372)
    • 1533 – John Frith, English priest, writer, and martyr (b. 1503)
    • 1541 – Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish general and explorer (b. 1495)
    • 1546 – Hayreddin Barbarossa, Ottoman admiral (b. 1478)
    • 1551 – Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, English politician (b. 1514)
    • 1603 – Philippe de Monte, Flemish composer and educator (b. 1521)
    • 1623 – William Byrd, English composer (b. c. 1540)
    • 1644 – Brian Twyne, English academic, antiquarian and archivist (b. 1581)
    • 1648 – Antoine Daniel, French missionary and saint, one of the eight Canadian Martyrs (b. 1601)
    • 1742 – Luigi Guido Grandi, Italian monk, mathematician, and engineer (b. 1671)
    • 1754 – Philippe Néricault Destouches, French playwright and author (b. 1680)
    • 1761 – Samuel Richardson, English author and painter (b. 1689)
    • 1780 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (b. 1712)
    • 1787 – Charles, Prince of Soubise, Marshal of France (b. 1715)
    • 1821 – Richard Cosway, English painter and academic (b. 1742)
    • 1826 – John Adams, American lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735)
    • 1826 – Thomas Jefferson, American architect, lawyer, and politician, 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743)
    • 1831 – James Monroe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758)
    • 1848 – François-René de Chateaubriand, French historian and politician (b. 1768)
    • 1850 – William Kirby, English entomologist and author (b. 1759)
    • 1854 – Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German academic and jurist (b. 1781)
    • 1857 – William L. Marcy, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 21st United States Secretary of State (b. 1786)
    • 1881 – Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish philosopher and politician (b. 1806)
    • 1882 – Joseph Brackett, American composer and author (b. 1797)
    • 1886 – Poundmaker, Canadian tribal chief (b. 1797)
    • 1891 – Hannibal Hamlin, American lawyer and politician, 15th Vice President of the United States (b. 1809)
    • 1901 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist and academic (b. 1843)
    • 1902 – Vivekananda, Indian monk and saint (b. 1863)
    • 1905 – Élisée Reclus, French geographer and author (b. 1830)
    • 1910 – Melville Fuller, American lawyer and jurist, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1833)
    • 1910 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer and historian (b. 1835)
    • 1916 – Alan Seeger, American soldier and poet (b. 1888)
    • 1922 – Lothar von Richthofen, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1894)
    • 1926 – Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian activist and saint (b. 1901)
    • 1934 – Marie Curie, French-Polish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
    • 1938 – Otto Bauer, Austrian philosopher and politician, Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1881)
    • 1938 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (b. 1899)
    • 1941 – Antoni Łomnicki, Polish mathematician and academic (b. 1881)
    • 1943 – Władysław Sikorski, Polish general and politician, 9th Prime Minister of the Second Republic of Poland (b. 1881)
    • 1946 – Taffy O’Callaghan, Welsh footballer and coach (b. 1906)
    • 1948 – Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian journalist and author (b. 1882)
    • 1949 – François Brandt, Dutch rower and engineer (b. 1874)
    • 1963 – Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, New Zealand general and politician, 7th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1889)
    • 1963 – Clyde Kennard, American activist and martyr (b. 1927)
    • 1963 – Pingali Venkayya, Indian activist, designed the Flag of India (b. 1876)
    • 1964 – Gaby Morlay, French actress and singer (b. 1893)
    • 1969 – Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (b. 1890)
    • 1970 – Barnett Newman, American painter and illustrator (b. 1905)
    • 1970 – Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, American sailor and businessman (b. 1884)
    • 1971 – August Derleth, American anthologist and author (b. 1909)
    • 1971 – Thomas C. Hart, American admiral and politician (b. 1877)
    • 1974 – Georgette Heyer, English author (b. 1902)
    • 1974 – André Randall, French actor (b. 1892)
    • 1976 – Yonatan Netanyahu, Israeli colonel (b. 1946)
    • 1976 – Antoni Słonimski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1895)
    • 1977 – Gersh Budker, Ukrainian physicist and academic (b. 1918)
    • 1979 – Lee Wai Tong, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1905)
    • 1980 – Maurice Grevisse, Belgian linguist and author (b. 1895)
    • 1984 – Jimmie Spheeris, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949)
    • 1986 – Paul-Gilbert Langevin, French musicologist, critique musical and physicist (b. 1933)
    • 1986 – Flor Peeters, Belgian organist and composer (b. 1903)
    • 1986 – Oscar Zariski, Belarusian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1899)
    • 1988 – Adrian Adonis, American wrestler (b. 1954)
    • 1990 – Olive Ann Burns, American journalist and author (b. 1924)
    • 1991 – Victor Chang, Chinese-Australian surgeon and physician (b. 1936)
    • 1991 – Art Sansom, American cartoonist (b. 1920)
    • 1992 – Astor Piazzolla, Argentinian bandoneon player and composer (b. 1921)
    • 1993 – Bona Arsenault, Canadian historian, genealogist, and politician (b. 1903)
    • 1994 – Joey Marella, American wrestling referee (b. 1964)
    • 1995 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and singer (b. 1919)
    • 1995 – Bob Ross, American painter and television host (b. 1942)
    • 1997 – Charles Kuralt, American journalist (b. 1934)
    • 1997 – John Zachary Young, English zoologist and neurophysiologist (b. 1907)
    • 1999 – Leo Garel, American illustrator and educator (b. 1917)
    • 2000 – Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, Polish journalist and author (b. 1919)
    • 2002 – Gerald Bales, Canadian organist and composer (b. 1919)
    • 2002 – Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., American general (b. 1912)
    • 2003 – Larry Burkett, American author and radio host (b. 1939)
    • 2003 – André Claveau, French singer (b. 1915)
    • 2003 – Barry White, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1944)
    • 2004 – Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss violinist and conductor (b. 1920)
    • 2005 – Cliff Goupille, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1915)
    • 2005 – Hank Stram, American football player and coach (b. 1923)
    • 2007 – Bill Pinkney, American singer (b. 1925)
    • 2008 – Thomas M. Disch, American author and poet (b. 1940)
    • 2008 – Jesse Helms, American politician (b. 1921)
    • 2008 – Evelyn Keyes, American actress (b. 1916)
    • 2008 – Terrence Kiel, American football player (b. 1980)
    • 2008 – Charles Wheeler, German-English soldier and journalist (b. 1923)
    • 2009 – Brenda Joyce, American actress (b. 1917)
    • 2009 – Allen Klein, American businessman and talent agent, founded ABKCO Records (b. 1931)
    • 2009 – Drake Levin, American guitarist (b. 1946)
    • 2009 – Steve McNair, American football player (b. 1973)
    • 2009 – Lasse Strömstedt, Swedish author and actor (b. 1935)
    • 2009 – Jean-Baptiste Tati Loutard, Congolese poet and politician (b. 1938)
    • 2010 – Robert Neil Butler, American physician and author (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Hiren Bhattacharyya, Indian poet and author (b. 1932)
    • 2012 – Jimmy Bivins, American boxer (b. 1919)
    • 2012 – Jeong Min-hyeong, South Korean footballer (b. 1987)
    • 2012 – Eric Sykes, English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – Onllwyn Brace, Welsh rugby player and sportscaster (b. 1932)
    • 2013 – Jack Crompton, English footballer and manager (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – James Fulton, American dermatologist and academic (b. 1940)
    • 2013 – Charles A. Hines, American general (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – Bernie Nolan, Irish singer (b. 1960)
    • 2014 – Giorgio Faletti, Italian author, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1950)
    • 2014 – C. J. Henderson, American author and critic (b. 1951)
    • 2014 – Earl Robinson, American baseball player (b. 1936)
    • 2014 – Richard Mellon Scaife, American businessman (b. 1932)
    • 2015 – Nedelcho Beronov, Bulgarian judge and politician (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – William Conrad Gibbons, American historian, author, and academic (b. 1926)
    • 2016 – Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, and photographer (b. 1940)
    • 2017 – John Blackwell, American R&B, funk, and jazz drummer (b. 1973)
    • 2017 – Daniil Granin, Soviet and Russian author (b. 1919)
    • 2018 – Henri Dirickx, Belgian footballer (b. 1927)
    • 2018 – Robby Müller, Dutch cinematographer (b. 1940)

    Holidays and observances on July 4

    • Christian feast day:
      • Andrew of Crete
      • Bertha of Artois
      • Blessed Catherine Jarrige
      • Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati
      • Elizabeth of Aragon (or of Portugal)
      • Oda of Canterbury
      • Ulrich of Augsburg
      • July 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Birthday of Queen Sonja (Norway)
    • The first evening of Dree Festival, celebrated until July 7 (Apatani people, Arunachal Pradesh, India)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the Declaration of Independence of the United States from Great Britain in 1776. (United States and its dependencies)
    • Liberation Day (Northern Mariana Islands)
    • Liberation Day (Rwanda)
    • Republic Day (Philippines)

  • June 21 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    This day usually marks the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, which is the day of the year with the most hours of daylight in the Northern Hemisphere and the fewest hours of daylight in the Southern Hemisphere.

    June 21 in History

    • 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
    • 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mongols and Wuzong of the Yuan.
    • 1529 – French forces are driven out of northern Italy by Spain at the Battle of Landriano during the War of the League of Cognac.
    • 1582 – Sengoku period: Oda Nobunaga, the most powerful of the Japanese daimyōs, is forced to commit suicide by his own general Akechi Mitsuhide.
    • 1621 – Execution of 27 Czech noblemen on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain.
    • 1734 – In Montreal in New France, a slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique is put to death, having been convicted of setting the fire that destroyed much of the city.
    • 1749 – Halifax, Nova Scotia, is founded.
    • 1768 – James Otis Jr. offends the King and Parliament in a speech to the Massachusetts General Court.
    • 1788 – New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
    • 1791 – King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family begin the Flight to Varennes during the French Revolution.
    • 1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: The British Army defeats Irish rebels at the Battle of Vinegar Hill.
    • 1813 – Peninsular War: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vitoria.
    • 1824 – Greek War of Independence: Egyptian forces capture Psara in the Aegean Sea.
    • 1826 – Maniots defeat Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Vergas.
    • 1848 – In the Wallachian Revolution, Ion Heliade Rădulescu and Christian Tell issue the Proclamation of Islaz and create a new republican government.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road begins.
    • 1898 – The United States captures Guam from Spain. The few warning shots fired by the U.S. naval vessels are misinterpreted as salutes by the Spanish garrison, which was unaware that the two nations were at war.
    • 1900 – Boxer Rebellion. China formally declares war on the United States, Britain, Germany, France and Japan, as an edict issued from the Empress Dowager Cixi.
    • 1915 – The U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision in Guinn v. United States 238 US 347 1915, striking down Oklahoma grandfather clause legislation which had the effect of denying the right to vote to blacks.
    • 1919 – The Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the Winnipeg general strike.
    • 1919 – Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet at Scapa Flow, Orkney. The nine sailors killed are the last casualties of World War I.
    • 1929 – An agreement brokered by U.S. Ambassador Dwight Whitney Morrow ends the Cristero War in Mexico.
    • 1930 – One-year conscription comes into force in France.
    • 1940 – World War II: Italy begins an unsuccessful invasion of France.
    • 1942 – World War II: Tobruk falls to Italian and German forces.
    • 1942 – World War II: A Japanese submarine surfaces near the Columbia River in Oregon, firing 17 shells at Fort Stevens in one of only a handful of attacks by Japan against the United States mainland.
    • 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Okinawa ends when the organized resistance of Imperial Japanese Army forces collapses in the Mabuni area on the southern tip of the main island.
    • 1952 – The Philippine School of Commerce, through a republic act, is converted to Philippine College of Commerce, later to be the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
    • 1957 – Ellen Fairclough is sworn in as Canada’s first female Cabinet Minister.
    • 1963 – Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini is elected as Pope Paul VI.
    • 1964 – Three civil rights workers, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner, are murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi, United States, by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
    • 1970 – Penn Central declares Section 77 bankruptcy in what was the largest U.S. corporate bankruptcy to date.
    • 1973 – In its decision in Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15, the Supreme Court of the United States establishes the Miller test for determining whether something is obscene and not protected speech under the U.S. constitution.
    • 1978 – The original production of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical, Evita, based on the life of Eva Perón, opens at the Prince Edward Theatre, London.
    • 1982 – John Hinckley is found not guilty by reason of insanity for the attempted assassination of U.S. President Ronald Reagan.
    • 1989 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397, that American flag-burning is a form of political protest protected by the First Amendment.
    • 2000 – Section 28 (of the Local Government Act 1988), outlawing the ‘promotion’ of homosexuality in the United Kingdom, is repealed in Scotland with a 99 to 17 vote.
    • 2001 – A federal grand jury in Alexandria, Virginia, indicts 13 Saudis and a Lebanese in the 1996 bombing of the Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia that killed 19 American servicemen.
    • 2004 – SpaceShipOne becomes the first privately funded spaceplane to achieve spaceflight.
    • 2005 – Edgar Ray Killen, who had previously been unsuccessfully tried for the murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Mickey Schwerner, is convicted of manslaughter 41 years afterwards (the case had been reopened in 2004).
    • 2006 – Pluto’s newly discovered moons are officially named Nix and Hydra.
    • 2009 – Greenland assumes self-rule.
    • 2012 – A boat carrying more than 200 migrants capsizes in the Indian Ocean between the Indonesian island of Java and Christmas Island, killing 17 people and leaving 70 others missing.

    Births on June 21

    • 598 – Pope Martin I (d. 656)
    • 906 – Abu Ja’far Ahmad ibn Muhammad, Saffarid emir (d. 963)
    • 1002 – Pope Leo IX (d. 1054)
    • 1226 – Bolesław V the Chaste of Poland (d. 1279)
    • 1521 – John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev (d. 1580)
    • 1528 – Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1603)
    • 1535 – Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician and botanist (d. 1596)
    • 1630 – Samuel Oppenheimer, German Jewish banker and diplomat (d. 1703)
    • 1636 – Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d’Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon, French noble (d. 1721)
    • 1639 – Increase Mather, American minister and author (d. 1723)
    • 1676 – Anthony Collins, English philosopher and author (d. 1729)
    • 1706 – John Dollond, English optician and astronomer (d. 1761)
    • 1710 – James Short, Scottish-English mathematician and optician (d. 1768)
    • 1712 – Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (d. 1790)
    • 1730 – Motoori Norinaga, Japanese poet and scholar (d. 1801)
    • 1732 – Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, German pianist and composer (d. 1791)
    • 1736 – Enoch Poor, American general (d. 1780)
    • 1741 – Prince Benedetto, Duke of Chablais (d. 1808)
    • 1750 – Pierre-Nicolas Beauvallet, French sculptor and illustrator (d. 1818)
    • 1759 – Alexander J. Dallas, American lawyer and politician, 6th United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1817)
    • 1763 – Pierre Paul Royer-Collard, French philosopher and academic (d. 1845)
    • 1764 – Sidney Smith, English admiral and politician (d. 1840)
    • 1774 – Daniel D. Tompkins, American lawyer and politician, 6th Vice President of the United States (d. 1825)
    • 1781 – Siméon Denis Poisson, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1840)
    • 1786 – Charles Edward Horn, English singer-songwriter (d. 1849)
    • 1792 – Ferdinand Christian Baur, German theologian and scholar (d. 1860)
    • 1797 – Wilhelm Küchelbecker, Russian poet and author (d. 1846)
    • 1802 – Karl Zittel, German theologian (d. 1871)
    • 1805 – Karl Friedrich Curschmann, German composer and singer (d. 1841)
    • 1805 – Charles Thomas Jackson, American physician and geologist (d. 1880)
    • 1811 – Carlo Matteucci, Italian physicist and neurophysiologist (d. 1868)
    • 1814 – Anton Nuhn, German anatomist and academic (d. 1889)
    • 1823 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (d. 1873)
    • 1825 – Thomas Edward Cliffe Leslie, Irish economist and jurist (d. 1882)
    • 1825 – William Stubbs, English bishop and historian (d. 1901)
    • 1828 – Ferdinand André Fouqué, French geologist and academic (d. 1904)
    • 1828 – Nikolaus Nilles, German Catholic writer and teacher (d. 1907)
    • 1834 – Frans de Cort, Flemish poet and author (d. 1878)
    • 1836 – Luigi Tripepi, Italian theologian (d. 1906)
    • 1839 – Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1908)
    • 1845 – Samuel Griffith, Welsh-Australian politician, 9th Premier of Queensland (d. 1920)
    • 1845 – Arthur Cowper Ranyard, English astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1894)
    • 1846 – Marion Adams-Acton, Scottish-English author and playwright (d. 1928)
    • 1846 – Enrico Coleman, Italian painter (d. 1911)
    • 1850 – Daniel Carter Beard, American author and illustrator, co-founded the Boy Scouts of America (d. 1941)
    • 1858 – Giuseppe De Sanctis, Italian painter (d. 1924)
    • 1858 – Medardo Rosso, Italian sculptor and educator (d. 1928)
    • 1859 – Henry Ossawa Tanner, American-French painter and illustrator (d. 1937)
    • 1862 – Damrong Rajanubhab, Thai historian and author (d. 1943)
    • 1863 – Max Wolf, German astronomer and academic (d. 1932)
    • 1864 – Heinrich Wölfflin, Swiss historian and critic (d. 1945)
    • 1867 – Oscar Florianus Bluemner, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1938)
    • 1867 – William Brede Kristensen, Norwegian historian of religion (d. 1953)
    • 1868 – Edwin Stephen Goodrich, English zoologist and anatomist (d. 1946)
    • 1870 – Clara Immerwahr, Jewish-German chemist and academic (d. 1915)
    • 1870 – Anthony Michell, English-Australian engineer (d. 1959)
    • 1870 – Julio Ruelas, Mexican painter (d. 1907)
    • 1876 – Swami Kalyan Dev, philosopher  (d. 2004)
    • 1876 – Willem Hendrik Keesom, Dutch physicist and academic (d. 1956)
    • 1880 – Arnold Gesell, American psychologist and pediatrician (d. 1961)
    • 1880 – Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp, English economist and civil servant (d. 1941)
    • 1881 – (O.S.) Natalia Goncharova, Russian painter, costume designer, and illustrator (d. 1962)
    • 1882 – Lluís Companys, Spanish lawyer and politician, 123rd President of Catalonia (d. 1940)
    • 1882 – Adrianus de Jong, Dutch fencer and soldier (d. 1966)
    • 1882 – Rockwell Kent, American painter and illustrator (d. 1971)
    • 1883 – Feodor Gladkov, Russian author and educator (d. 1958)
    • 1884 – Claude Auchinleck, English field marshal (d. 1981)
    • 1887 – Norman L. Bowen, Canadian geologist and petrologist (d. 1956)
    • 1889 – Ralph Craig, American sprinter and sailor (d. 1972)
    • 1891 – Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian architect and engineer, co-designed the Pirelli Tower and Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption (d. 1979)
    • 1891 – Hermann Scherchen, German-Swiss viola player and conductor (d. 1966)
    • 1892 – Reinhold Niebuhr, American theologian and academic (d. 1971)
    • 1893 – Alois Hába, Czech composer and educator (d. 1973)
    • 1894 – Milward Kennedy, English journalist and civil servant (d. 1968)
    • 1896 – Charles Momsen, American admiral, invented the Momsen lung (d. 1967)
    • 1898 – Donald C. Peattie, American botanist and author (d. 1964)
    • 1899 – Pavel Haas, Czech composer (d. 1944)
    • 1903 – Hermann Engelhard, German runner and coach (d. 1984)
    • 1903 – Al Hirschfeld, American caricaturist, painter and illustrator (d. 2003)
    • 1905 – Jacques Goddet, French journalist (d. 2000)
    • 1905 – Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher and author (d. 1980)
    • 1908 – William Frankena, American philosopher and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1910 – Aleksandr Tvardovsky, Russian poet and author (d. 1971)
    • 1911 – Irving Fein, American producer and manager (d. 2012)
    • 1912 – Kazimierz Leski, Polish pilot and engineer (d. 2000)
    • 1912 – Mary McCarthy, American novelist and critic (d. 1989)
    • 1912 – Vishnu Prabhakar, Indian author and playwright (d. 2009)
    • 1913 – Madihe Pannaseeha Thero, Sri Lankan monk and scholar (d. 2003)
    • 1913 – Luis Taruc, Filipino political activist (d. 2005)
    • 1914 – William Vickrey, Canadian-American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
    • 1915 – Wilhelm Gliese, German soldier and astronomer (d. 1993)
    • 1916 – Joseph Cyril Bamford, English businessman, founded J. C. Bamford (d. 2001)
    • 1916 – Tchan Fou-li, Chinese photographer (d. 2018)
    • 1916 – Herbert Friedman, American physicist and astronomer (d. 2000)
    • 1916 – Buddy O’Connor, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1977)
    • 1918 – Robert A. Boyd, Canadian engineer (d. 2006)
    • 1918 – James Joll, English historian, author, and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1918 – Eddie Lopat, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1992)
    • 1918 – Dee Molenaar, American mountaineer (d. 2020)
    • 1918 – Robert Roosa, American economist and banker (d. 1993)
    • 1918 – Tibor Szele, Hungarian mathematician and academic (d. 1955)
    • 1918 – Josephine Webb, American engineer
    • 1919 – Antonia Mesina, Italian martyr and saint (d. 1935)
    • 1919 – Gérard Pelletier, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1997)
    • 1919 – Vladimir Simagin, Russian chess player and coach (d. 1968)
    • 1919 – Paolo Soleri, Italian-American architect, designed the Cosanti (d. 2013)
    • 1920 – Hans Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skater (d. 2017)
    • 1921 – Judy Holliday, American actress and singer (d. 1965)
    • 1921 – Jane Russell, American actress and singer (d. 2011)
    • 1921 – William Edwin Self, American actor, producer, and production manager (d. 2010)
    • 1922 – Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Burkinabé historian, politician and writer (d. 2006)
    • 1923 – Jacques Hébert, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1924 – Pontus Hultén, Swedish art collector and historian (d. 2006)
    • 1924 – Ezzatolah Entezami, Iranian actor (d. 2018)
    • 1924 – Wally Fawkes, British-Canadian jazz clarinetist and a satirical cartoonist
    • 1924 – Jean Laplanche, French psychoanalyst and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1925 – Larisa Avdeyeva, Russian mezzo-soprano (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Stanley Moss, American poet, publisher, and art dealer
    • 1925 – Giovanni Spadolini, Italian journalist and politician, 45th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1994)
    • 1925 – Maureen Stapleton, American actress (d. 2006)
    • 1926 – Fred Cone, American football player
    • 1926 – Conrad Hall, French-American cinematographer (d. 2003)
    • 1927 – Carl Stokes, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Seychelles (d. 1996)
    • 1928 – Wolfgang Haken, German-American mathematician and academic
    • 1928 – Fiorella Mari, Brazilian-Italian actress
    • 1928 – Margit Bara, Hungarian actress (d. 2016)
    • 1929 – Alexandre Lagoya, Egyptian-Greek guitarist and composer (d. 1999)
    • 1930 – Gerald Kaufman, English journalist and politician, Shadow Foreign Secretary (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Mike McCormack, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Zlatko Grgić, Croatian-Canadian animator, director, and screenwriter (d. 1988)
    • 1931 – Margaret Heckler, American journalist, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services
    • 1931 – David Kushnir, Israeli Olympic long-jumper
    • 1932 – Bernard Ingham, English journalist and civil servant
    • 1932 – Lalo Schifrin, Argentinian pianist, composer, and conductor
    • 1932 – O.C. Smith, American R&B/jazz singer (d. 2001)
    • 1933 – Bernie Kopell, American actor and comedian
    • 1935 – Françoise Sagan, French author and playwright (d. 2004)
    • 1937 – John Edrich, English cricketer and coach
    • 1938 – Don Black, English songwriter
    • 1938 – John W. Dower, American historian and author
    • 1938 – Michael M. Richter, German mathematician and computer scientist
    • 1940 – Mariette Hartley, American actress and television personality
    • 1940 – Michael Ruse, Canadian philosopher and academic
    • 1941 – Aloysius Paul D’Souza, Indian bishop
    • 1941 – Joe Flaherty, American-Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1941 – Lyman Ward, Canadian actor
    • 1942 – Clive Brooke, Baron Brooke of Alverthorpe, English businessman and politician
    • 1942 – Marjorie Margolies, American journalist and politician
    • 1942 – Henry S. Taylor, American author and poet
    • 1942 – Togo D. West, Jr., American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs
    • 1943 – Eumir Deodato, Brazilian pianist, composer, and producer
    • 1943 – Diane Marleau, Canadian accountant and politician, Canadian Minister of Health (d. 2013)
    • 1943 – Brian Sternberg, American pole vaulter (d. 2013)
    • 1944 – Ray Davies, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1944 – Tony Scott, English-American director and producer (d. 2012)
    • 1945 – Robert Dewar, English-American computer scientist and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1945 – Adam Zagajewski, Polish author and poet
    • 1946 – Per Eklund, Swedish race car driver
    • 1946 – Kate Hoey, Northern Irish-British academic and politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics
    • 1946 – Brenda Holloway, American singer-songwriter
    • 1946 – Trond Kirkvaag, Norwegian actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2007)
    • 1946 – Malcolm Rifkind, Scottish lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland
    • 1946 – Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi, Iraqi-British businessman, founded M&C Saatchi and Saatchi & Saatchi
    • 1947 – Meredith Baxter, American actress
    • 1947 – Shirin Ebadi, Iranian lawyer, judge, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1947 – Michael Gross, American actor
    • 1947 – Joey Molland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1947 – Wade Phillips, American football coach
    • 1947 – Fernando Savater, Spanish philosopher and author
    • 1948 – Jovan Aćimović, Serbian footballer and manager
    • 1948 – Ian McEwan, British novelist and screenwriter
    • 1948 – Andrzej Sapkowski, Polish author and translator
    • 1948 – Philippe Sarde, French composer and conductor
    • 1949 – John Agard, Guyanese-English author, poet, and playwright
    • 1949 – Derek Emslie, Lord Kingarth, Scottish lawyer and judge
    • 1950 – Anne Carson, Canadian poet and academic
    • 1950 – Joey Kramer, American rock drummer and songwriter (Aerosmith)
    • 1950 – Enn Reitel, Scottish actor and screenwriter
    • 1950 – Trygve Thue, Norwegian guitarist and record producer
    • 1950 – John Paul Young, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter
    • 1951 – Jim Douglas, American academic and politician, 80th Governor of Vermont
    • 1951 – Terence Etherton, English lawyer and judge
    • 1951 – Alan Hudson, English footballer
    • 1951 – Nils Lofgren, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1951 – Lenore Manderson, Australian anthropologist and academic
    • 1951 – Mona-Lisa Pursiainen, Finnish sprinter (d. 2000)
    • 1952 – Judith Bingham, English singer-songwriter
    • 1952 – Jeremy Coney, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1952 – Patrick Dunleavy, English political scientist and academic
    • 1952 – Kōichi Mashimo, Japanese director and screenwriter
    • 1953 – Benazir Bhutto, Pakistani financier and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2007)
    • 1954 – Már Guðmundsson, Icelandic economist, former Governor of Central Bank of Iceland
    • 1954 – Mark Kimmitt, American general and politician, 16th Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs
    • 1954 – Robert Menasse, Austrian author and academic
    • 1955 – Tim Bray, Canadian software developer and businessman
    • 1955 – Michel Platini, French footballer and manager
    • 1956 – Rick Sutcliffe, American baseball player and broadcaster
    • 1957 – Berkeley Breathed, American author and illustrator
    • 1957 – Luis Antonio Tagle, Filipino cardinal
    • 1958 – Víctor Montoya, Bolivian journalist and author
    • 1958 – Gennady Padalka, Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1959 – John Baron, English captain and politician
    • 1959 – Tom Chambers, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1959 – Marcella Detroit, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1959 – Kathy Mattea, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1960 – Kate Brown, American politician, 38th Governor of Oregon
    • 1960 – Karl Erjavec, Slovenian politician
    • 1961 – Manu Chao, French singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1961 – Sascha Konietzko, German keyboard player and producer
    • 1961 – Joko Widodo, Indonesian businessman and politician, 7th President of Indonesia
    • 1961 – Kip Winger, American rock singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1961 – Iztok Mlakar, Slovenian actor and singer-songwriter
    • 1962 – Shōhei Takada, Japanese shogi player and theoretician
    • 1962 – Viktor Tsoi, Russian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1990)
    • 1963 – Dario Marianelli, Italian pianist and composer
    • 1963 – Mike Sherrard, American football player
    • 1964 – David Morrissey, English actor and director
    • 1964 – Dimitris Papaioannou, Greek director and choreographer
    • 1964 – Dean Saunders, Welsh footballer and manager
    • 1964 – Doug Savant, American actor
    • 1965 – David Beerling, English biologist and academic
    • 1965 – Yang Liwei, Chinese general, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1965 – Ewen McKenzie, Australian rugby player and coach
    • 1965 – Lana Wachowski, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1966 – Gretchen Carlson, American model and television journalist, Miss America 1989
    • 1967 – Jim Breuer, American comedian, actor, and producer
    • 1967 – Derrick Coleman, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Pierre Omidyar, French-American businessman, founded eBay
    • 1967 – Carrie Preston, American actress, director, and producer
    • 1967 – Yingluck Shinawatra, Thai businesswoman and politician, 28th Prime Minister of Thailand
    • 1968 – Sonique, English singer-songwriter and DJ
    • 1970 – Eric Reed, American pianist and composer
    • 1971 – Tyronne Drakeford, American football player
    • 1972 – Nobuharu Asahara, Japanese sprinter and long jumper
    • 1972 – Neil Doak, Northern Irish cricketer and rugby player
    • 1972 – Irene van Dyk, South African-New Zealand netball player
    • 1973 – Juliette Lewis, American actress and singer-songwriter
    • 1973 – John Mitchell, English guitarist, vocalist and songwriter
    • 1974 – Rob Kelly, American football player
    • 1974 – Craig Lowndes, Australian race car driver
    • 1974 – Flavio Roma, Italian footballer
    • 1975 – Brian Simmons, American football player
    • 1976 – Shelley Craft, Australian television host
    • 1976 – Mike Einziger, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1976 – Nigel Lappin, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1977 – Michael Gomez, Irish boxer
    • 1977 – Al Wilson, American football player
    • 1978 – Thomas Blondeau, Flemish writer (d. 2013)
    • 1978 – Matt Kuchar, American golfer
    • 1978 – Cristiano Lupatelli, Italian footballer
    • 1978 – Gervase Markham, British software engineer (d. 2018)
    • 1978 – Dejan Ognjanović, Montenegrin footballer
    • 1978 – Rim’K, French rapper
    • 1979 – Kostas Katsouranis, Greek footballer
    • 1979 – Chris Pratt, American actor
    • 1980 – Michael Crocker, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
    • 1980 – Łukasz Cyborowski, Polish chess player
    • 1980 – Richard Jefferson, American basketball player
    • 1980 – Sendy Rleal, Dominican baseball player
    • 1981 – Yann Danis, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1981 – Garrett Jones, American baseball player
    • 1981 – Brandon Flowers, American singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Brad Walker, American pole vaulter
    • 1982 – Lee Dae-ho, South Korean baseball player
    • 1982 – Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
    • 1982 – Jussie Smollett, American actor and singer
    • 1983 – Edward Snowden, American activist and academic
    • 1985 – Lana Del Rey, American singer-songwriter
    • 1985 – Sentayehu Ejigu, Ethiopian runner
    • 1985 – Byron Schammer, Australian footballer
    • 1986 – Kathleen O’Kelly-Kennedy, Australian wheelchair basketball player
    • 1986 – Hideaki Wakui, Japanese baseball player
    • 1987 – Pablo Barrera, Mexican footballer
    • 1987 – Sebastian Prödl, Austrian footballer
    • 1987 – Dale Thomas, Australian footballer
    • 1988 – Allyssa DeHaan, American basketball and volleyball player
    • 1988 – Paolo Tornaghi, Italian footballer
    • 1988 – Thaddeus Young, American basketball player
    • 1989 – Abubaker Kaki, Sudanese runner
    • 1990 – Ričardas Berankis, Lithuanian tennis player
    • 1990 – Lunar C, English rapper
    • 1990 – François Moubandje, Swiss footballer
    • 1990 – Håvard Nordtveit, Norwegian footballer
    • 1991 – Gaël Kakuta, French footballer
    • 1992 – MAX, American singer, songwriter, actor, dancer and model
    • 1994 – Başak Eraydın, Turkish tennis player
    • 1996 – Tyrone May, Australian rugby league player
    • 1997 – Rebecca Black, American singer-songwriter
    • 1997 – Derrius Guice, American football player
    • 2011 – Lil Bub, American celebrity cat

    Deaths on June 21

    • 532 – Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei, former Northern Wei emperor
    • 866 – Rodulf, Frankish archbishop
    • 868 – Ali al-Hadi, the tenth Imam of Shia Islam (b. 829)
    • 870 – Al-Muhtadi, Muslim caliph
    • 947 – Zhang Li, official of the Liao Dynasty
    • 1040 – Fulk III, Count of Anjou (b. 972)
    • 1171 – Walter de Luci, French-English monk (b. 1103)
    • 1208 – Philip of Swabia (b. 1177)
    • 1305 – Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (b. 1271)
    • 1359 – Erik Magnusson, king of Sweden (b. 1339)
    • 1377 – Edward III of England (b. 1312)
    • 1421 – Jean Le Maingre, French general (b. 1366)
    • 1527 – Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian historian and author (b. 1469)
    • 1529 – John Skelton, English poet and educator (b. 1460)
    • 1547 – Sebastiano del Piombo, Italian painter and educator (b. 1485)
    • 1558 – Piero Strozzi, Italian general (b. 1510)
    • 1582 – Oda Nobunaga, Japanese warlord (b. 1534)
    • 1585 – Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (b. 1532)
    • 1591 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian saint (b. 1568)
    • 1596 – Jean Liebault, French agronomist and physician (b. 1535)
    • 1621 – Louis III, Cardinal of Guise (b. 1575)
    • 1621 – Kryštof Harant, Czech soldier and composer (b. 1564)
    • 1622 – Salomon Schweigger, German theologian (b. 1551)
    • 1631 – John Smith, English admiral and explorer (b. 1580)
    • 1652 – Inigo Jones, English architect, designed the Queen’s House and Wilton House (b. 1573)
    • 1661 – Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter (b. 1599)
    • 1737 – Matthieu Marais, French author, critic, and jurist (b. 1664)
    • 1738 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1674)
    • 1796 – Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (b. 1710)
    • 1824 – Étienne Aignan, French playwright and translator (b. 1773)
    • 1865 – Frances Adeline Seward, American wife of William H. Seward (b. 1824)
    • 1874 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist and astronomer (b. 1814)
    • 1876 – Antonio López de Santa Anna, Mexican general and politician 8th President of Mexico (b. 1794)
    • 1880 – Theophilus H. Holmes, American general (b. 1804)
    • 1893 – Leland Stanford, American businessman and politician, 8th Governor of California (b. 1824)
    • 1908 – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer and educator (b. 1844)
    • 1914 – Bertha von Suttner, Austrian journalist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1843)
    • 1929 – Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse, English sociologist, journalist, and academic (b. 1864)
    • 1934 – Thorne Smith, American author (b. 1892)
    • 1940 – Smedley Butler, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1881)
    • 1940 – Édouard Vuillard, French painter (b. 1868)
    • 1951 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American astronomer (b. 1867)
    • 1951 – Gustave Sandras, French gymnast (b. 1872)
    • 1952 – Wop May, Canadian captain and pilot (b. 1896)
    • 1954 – Gideon Sundback, Swedish-American engineer, developed the zipper (b. 1880)
    • 1957 – Claude Farrère, French captain and author (b. 1876)
    • 1957 – Johannes Stark, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1874)
    • 1964 – James Chaney, American civil rights activist (b. 1943)
    • 1964 – Andrew Goodman, American civil rights activist (b. 1943)
    • 1964 – Michael Schwerner, American civil rights activist (b. 1939)
    • 1967 – Theodore Sizer, American professor of the history of art (b. 1892)
    • 1969 – Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (b. 1934)
    • 1970 – Sukarno, Indonesian engineer and politician, 1st President of Indonesia (b. 1901)
    • 1970 – Piers Courage, English race car driver (b. 1942)
    • 1976 – Margaret Herrick, American librarian (b. 1902)
    • 1980 – Bert Kaempfert, German conductor and composer (b. 1923)
    • 1981 – Don Figlozzi, American illustrator and animator (b. 1909)
    • 1985 – Hector Boyardee, Italian-American chef and businessman, founded Chef Boyardee (b. 1897)
    • 1985 – Tage Erlander, Swedish lieutenant and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1901)
    • 1986 – Assi Rahbani, Lebanese singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1923)
    • 1987 – Madman Muntz, American engineer and businessman, founded the Muntz Car Company (b. 1914)
    • 1988 – Bobby Dodd, American football coach (b. 1908)
    • 1990 – Cedric Belfrage, English journalist and author, co-founded the National Guardian (b. 1904)
    • 1990 – June Christy, American singer (b. 1925)
    • 1992 – Ben Alexander, Australian rugby league player (b. 1971)
    • 1992 – Arthur Gorrie, Australian hobby shop proprietor (b. 1922)
    • 1992 – Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah, Bangladeshi poet, author, and playwright (b. 1956)
    • 1992 – Li Xiannian, Chinese captain and politician, 3rd President of the People’s Republic of China (b. 1909)
    • 1994 – William Wilson Morgan, American astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1906)
    • 1997 – Shintaro Katsu, Japanese actor, singer, director, and producer (b. 1931)
    • 1997 – Fidel Velázquez Sánchez, Mexican trade union leader (b. 1900)
    • 1998 – Harry Cranbrook Allen, English historian (b. 1917)
    • 1998 – Anastasio Ballestrero, Italian cardinal (b. 1913)
    • 1998 – Al Campanis, American baseball player and manager (b. 1916)
    • 1999 – Kami, Japanese drummer (b. 1973)
    • 2000 – Alan Hovhaness, Armenian-American pianist and composer (b. 1911)
    • 2001 – John Lee Hooker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1917)
    • 2001 – Soad Hosny, Egyptian actress and singer (b. 1942)
    • 2001 – Carroll O’Connor, American actor and producer (b. 1924)
    • 2002 – Timothy Findley, Canadian author and playwright (b. 1930)
    • 2003 – Roger Neilson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1934)
    • 2003 – Leon Uris, American soldier and author (b. 1924)
    • 2004 – Leonel Brizola, Brazilian engineer and politician, Governor of Rio de Janeiro (b. 1922)
    • 2004 – Ruth Leach Amonette, American businesswoman (b. 1916)
    • 2005 – Jaime Sin, Filipino cardinal (b. 1928)
    • 2006 – Jared C. Monti, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1975)
    • 2007 – Bob Evans, American businessman, founded Bob Evans Restaurants (b. 1918)
    • 2008 – Scott Kalitta, American race car driver (b. 1962)
    • 2010 – Russell Ash, English author (b. 1946)
    • 2010 – Irwin Barker, Canadian actor and screenwriter (b. 1956)
    • 2010 – İlhan Selçuk, Turkish lawyer, journalist, and author (b. 1925)
    • 2011 – Robert Kroetsch, Canadian author and poet (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Richard Adler, American composer and producer (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Abid Hussain, Indian economist and diplomat, Indian Ambassador to the United States (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – Sunil Janah, Indian photographer and journalist (b. 1918)
    • 2012 – Anna Schwartz, American economist and author (b. 1915)
    • 2013 – James P. Gordon, American physicist and academic (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Elliott Reid, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1920)
    • 2014 – Yozo Ishikawa, Japanese politician, Japanese Minister of Defense (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Walter Kieber, Austrian-Liechtenstein politician, 7th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Wong Ho Leng, Malaysian lawyer and politician (b. 1959)
    • 2015 – Darryl Hamilton, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1964)
    • 2015 – Veijo Meri, Finnish author and poet (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Remo Remotti, Italian actor, playwright, and poet (b. 1924)
    • 2015 – Alexander Schalck-Golodkowski, German soldier and politician (b. 1932)
    • 2015 – Gunther Schuller, American horn player, composer, and conductor (b. 1925)
    • 2016 – Pierre Lalonde, Canadian television host and singer (b. 1941)
    • 2018 – Charles Krauthammer, American columnist and conservative political commentator (b.1950)

    Holidays and observances on June 21

    • Christian feast day:
      • Alban of Mainz
      • Aloysius Gonzaga
      • Engelmund of Velsen
      • Martin of Tongres
      • Onesimos Nesib (Lutheran)
      • June 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of the Martyrs (Togo)
    • Father’s Day (Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Uganda, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates)
    • Go Skateboarding Day
    • International Yoga Day (international)
    • National Aboriginal Day (Canada)
    • Solstice-related observances (see also June 20):
      • Day of Private Reflection
      • International Surfing Day
      • National Day (Greenland)
      • We Tripantu, a winter solstice festival in the southern hemisphere. (Mapuche, southern Chile)
      • Willkakuti, an Andean-Amazonic New Year (Aymara)
      • Fête de la Musique
    • World Humanist Day (Humanism)
    • World Hydrography Day (international)

  • June 17 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
    • 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were burnt in Paris.
    • 1397 – The Kalmar Union is formed under the rule of Margaret I of Denmark.
    • 1462 – Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II (The Night Attack at Târgovişte), forcing him to retreat from Wallachia.
    • 1497 – Battle of Deptford Bridge: Forces under King Henry VII defeat troops led by Michael An Gof.
    • 1565 – Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.
    • 1579 – Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England.
    • 1596 – The Dutch explorer Willem Barentsz discovers the Arctic archipelago of Spitsbergen.
    • 1631 – Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, will spend the next 17 years building her mausoleum, the Taj Mahal.
    • 1665 – Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.
    • 1673 – French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet reach the Mississippi River and become the first Europeans to make a detailed account of its course.
    • 1767 – Samuel Wallis, a British sea captain, sights Tahiti and is considered the first European to reach the island.
    • 1773 – Cúcuta, Colombia, is founded by Juana Rangel de Cuéllar.
    • 1775 – American Revolutionary War: Colonists inflict heavy casualties on British forces while losing the Battle of Bunker Hill.
    • 1789 – In France, the Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly.
    • 1794 – Foundation of Anglo-Corsican Kingdom.
    • 1795 – The burghers of Swellendam expel the Dutch East India Company magistrate and declare a republic.
    • 1839 – In the Kingdom of Hawaii, Kamehameha III issues the edict of toleration which gives Roman Catholics the freedom to worship in the Hawaiian Islands. The Hawaii Catholic Church and the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace are established as a result.
    • 1843 – The Wairau Affray, the first serious clash of arms between Māori and British settlers in the New Zealand Wars, takes place.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: Battle of Vienna, Virginia.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign.
    • 1876 – American Indian Wars: Battle of the Rosebud: 1,500 Sioux and Cheyenne led by Crazy Horse beat back General George Crook’s forces at Rosebud Creek in Montana Territory.
    • 1877 – American Indian Wars: Battle of White Bird Canyon: The Nez Perce defeat the U.S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon in the Idaho Territory.
    • 1885 – The Statue of Liberty arrives in New York Harbor.
    • 1898 – The United States Navy Hospital Corps is established.
    • 1900 – Boxer Rebellion: Western Allied and Japanese forces capture the Taku Forts in Tianjin, China.
    • 1901 – The College Board introduces its first standardized test, the forerunner to the SAT.
    • 1910 – Aurel Vlaicu pilots an A. Vlaicu nr. 1 on its first flight.
    • 1922 – Portuguese naval aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral complete the first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic.
    • 1929 – The town of Murchison, New Zealand Is rocked by a 7.8 magnitude earthquake killing 17. At the time it was New Zealand’s worst natural disaster.
    • 1930 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover signs the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act into law.
    • 1932 – Bonus Army: Around a thousand World War I veterans amass at the United States Capitol as the U.S. Senate considers a bill that would give them certain benefits.
    • 1933 – Union Station massacre: In Kansas City, Missouri, four FBI agents and captured fugitive Frank Nash are gunned down by gangsters attempting to free Nash.
    • 1939 – Last public guillotining in France: Eugen Weidmann, a convicted murderer, is executed in Versailles outside the Saint-Pierre prison.
    • 1940 – World War II: RMS Lancastria is attacked and sunk by the Luftwaffe near Saint-Nazaire, France. At least 3,000 are killed in Britain’s worst maritime disaster.
    • 1940 – World War II: The British Army’s 11th Hussars assault and take Fort Capuzzo in Libya, Africa from Italian forces.
    • 1940 – The three Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania fall under the occupation of the Soviet Union.
    • 1944 – Iceland declares independence from Denmark and becomes a republic.
    • 1948 – United Airlines Flight 624, a Douglas DC-6, crashes near Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, killing all 43 people on board.
    • 1952 – Guatemala passes Decree 900, ordering the redistribution of uncultivated land.
    • 1953 – Cold War: East Germany Workers Uprising: In East Germany, the Soviet Union orders a division of troops into East Berlin to quell a rebellion.
    • 1958 – The Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing, in the process of being built to connect Vancouver and North Vancouver (Canada), collapses into the Burrard Inlet killing 18 ironworkers and injuring others.
    • 1960 – The Nez Perce tribe is awarded $4 million for 7 million acres (28,000 km2) of land undervalued at four cents/acre in the 1863 treaty.
    • 1963 – The United States Supreme Court rules 8–1 in Abington School District v. Schempp against requiring the reciting of Bible verses and the Lord’s Prayer in public schools.
    • 1963 – A day after South Vietnamese President Ngô Đình Diệm announced the Joint Communiqué to end the Buddhist crisis, a riot involving around 2,000 people breaks out. One person is killed.
    • 1967 – Nuclear weapons testing: China announces a successful test of its first thermonuclear weapon.
    • 1972 – Watergate scandal: Five White House operatives are arrested for burgling the offices of the Democratic National Committee during an attempt by members of the administration of President Richard M. Nixon to illegally wiretap the political opposition as part of a broader campaign to subvert the democratic process
    • 1985 – Space Shuttle program: STS-51-G mission: Space Shuttle Discovery launches carrying Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the first Arab and first Muslim in space, as a payload specialist.
    • 1987 – With the death of the last individual of the species, the dusky seaside sparrow becomes extinct.
    • 1991 – Apartheid: The South African Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act which required racial classification of all South Africans at birth.
    • 1992 – A “joint understanding” agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President George Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin (this would be later codified in START II).
    • 1994 – Following a televised low-speed highway chase, O. J. Simpson is arrested for the murders of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ronald Goldman.
    • 2015 – Nine people are killed in a mass shooting at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina.
    • 2017 – A series of wildfires in central Portugal kill at least 64 people and injure 204 others.

    Births on June 17

    • 801 – Drogo of Metz, Frankish bishop (d. 855)
    • 1239 – Edward I, English king (d. 1307)
    • 1530 – François de Montmorency, French nobleman (d. 1579)
    • 1571 – Thomas Mun, English writer on economics (d. 1641)
    • 1603 – Joseph of Cupertino, Italian mystic and saint (d. 1663)
    • 1604 – John Maurice, Dutch nobleman (d. 1679)
    • 1610 – Birgitte Thott, Danish scholar, writer and translator (b. 1662)
    • 1631 – Gauharara Begum, Mughal princess (d. 1706)
    • 1682 – Charles XII, Swedish king (d. 1718)
    • 1691 – Giovanni Paolo Panini, Italian painter and architect (d. 1765)
    • 1693 – Johann Georg Walch, German theologian and author (d. 1775)
    • 1704 – John Kay, English engineer, invented the Flying shuttle (d. 1780)
    • 1714 – César-François Cassini de Thury, French astronomer and cartographer (d. 1784)
    • 1718 – George Howard, English field marshal and politician, Governor of Minorca (d. 1796)
    • 1778 – Gregory Blaxland, English-Australian explorer (d. 1853)
    • 1800 – William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, English-Irish astronomer and politician (d. 1867)
    • 1808 – Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian poet, playwright, and linguist (d. 1845)
    • 1810 – Ferdinand Freiligrath, German poet and translator (d. 1876)
    • 1811 – Jón Sigurðsson, Icelandic scholar and politician (d. 1879)
    • 1818 – Charles Gounod, French composer and academic (d. 1893)
    • 1818 – Sophie of Württemberg, queen of the Netherlands (d. 1877)
    • 1821 – E. G. Squier, American archaeologist and journalist (d. 1888)
    • 1832 – William Crookes, English chemist and physicist (d. 1919)
    • 1833 – Manuel González Flores, Mexican general and president (d. 1893)
    • 1858 – Eben Sumner Draper, American businessman and politician, 44th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1914)
    • 1861 – Pete Browning, American baseball player (d. 1905)
    • 1861 – Omar Bundy, American general (d. 1940)
    • 1863 – Charles Michael, duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1934)
    • 1865 – Susan La Flesche Picotte, Native American physician (d. 1915)
    • 1867 – Flora Finch, English-American actress (d. 1940)
    • 1867 – John Robert Gregg, Irish-born American educator, publisher, and humanitarian (d. 1948)
    • 1867 – Henry Lawson, Australian poet and author (d. 1922)
    • 1871 – James Weldon Johnson, American author, journalist, and activist (d. 1938)
    • 1876 – William Carr, American rower (d. 1942)
    • 1876 – Edward Anthony Spitzka, American anatomist and author (d. 1922)
    • 1880 – Carl Van Vechten, American author and photographer (d. 1964)
    • 1881 – Tommy Burns, Canadian boxer and promoter (d. 1955)
    • 1882 – Adolphus Frederick VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1918)
    • 1882 – Igor Stravinsky, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1971)
    • 1888 – Heinz Guderian, German general (d. 1954)
    • 1897 – Maria Izilda de Castro Ribeiro, Brazilian girl, popular saint (d. 1911)
    • 1898 – M. C. Escher, Dutch illustrator (d. 1972)
    • 1898 – Carl Hermann, German physicist and academic (d. 1961)
    • 1898 – Harry Patch, English soldier and firefighter (d. 2009)
    • 1900 – Martin Bormann, German politician (d. 1945)
    • 1900 – Evelyn Irons, Scottish journalist and war correspondent (d. 2000)
    • 1902 – Sammy Fain, American pianist and composer (d. 1989)
    • 1902 – Alec Hurwood, Australian cricketer (d. 1982)
    • 1903 – Ruth Graves Wakefield, American chef, created the chocolate chip cookie (d. 1977)
    • 1904 – Ralph Bellamy, American actor (d. 1991)
    • 1904 – J. Vernon McGee, American pastor and theologian (d. 1988)
    • 1904 – Patrice Tardif, Canadian farmer and politician (d. 1989)
    • 1907 – Maurice Cloche, French director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1990)
    • 1909 – Elmer L. Andersen, American businessman and politician, 30th Governor of Minnesota (d. 2004)
    • 1909 – Ralph E. Winters, Canadian-American film editor (d. 2004)
    • 1910 – Red Foley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1968)
    • 1910 – George Hees, Canadian football player and politician (d. 1996)
    • 1914 – John Hersey, American journalist and author (d. 1993)
    • 1915 – David “Stringbean” Akeman, American singer and banjo player (d. 1973)
    • 1915 – Marcel Cadieux, Canadian civil servant and diplomat, Canadian Ambassador to the United States (d. 1981)
    • 1916 – Terry Gilkyson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
    • 1917 – Dufferin Roblin, Canadian politician, 14th Premier of Manitoba (d. 2010)
    • 1918 – Ajahn Chah, Thai monk and educator (d. 1992)
    • 1919 – William Kaye Estes, American psychologist and academic (d. 2011)
    • 1919 – John Moffat, Scottish lieutenant and pilot (d. 2016)
    • 1919 – Beryl Reid, English actress (d. 1996)
    • 1920 – Jacob H. Gilbert, American lawyer and politician (d. 1981)
    • 1920 – Setsuko Hara, Japanese actress (d. 2015)
    • 1920 – François Jacob, French biologist and geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
    • 1920 – Peter Le Cheminant, English air marshal and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (d. 2018)
    • 1922 – John Amis, English journalist and critic (d. 2013)
    • 1923 – Elroy Hirsch, American football player (d. 2004)
    • 1923 – Arnold S. Relman, American physician and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – Dale C. Thomson, Canadian historian and academic (d. 1999)
    • 1925 – Alexander Shulgin, American pharmacologist and chemist (d. 2014)
    • 1927 – Martin Böttcher, German composer and conductor (d. 2019)
    • 1927 – Wally Wood, American author, illustrator, and publisher (d. 1981)
    • 1928 – Juan María Bordaberry, President of Uruguay (d. 2011)
    • 1929 – Bud Collins, American journalist and sportscaster (d. 2016)
    • 1929 – Tigran Petrosian, Armenian chess player (d. 1984)
    • 1930 – Cliff Gallup, American rock & roll guitarist (d. 1988)
    • 1930 – Brian Statham, English cricketer (d. 2000)
    • 1931 – John Baldessari, American painter and illustrator (d. 2020)
    • 1932 – Derek Ibbotson, English runner (d. 2017)
    • 1932 – John Murtha, American colonel and politician (d. 2010)
    • 1933 – Harry Browne, American soldier and politician (d. 2006)
    • 1933 – Christian Ferras, French violinist (d. 1982)
    • 1933 – Maurice Stokes, American basketball player (d. 1970)
    • 1936 – Vern Harper, Canadian tribal leader and activist (d. 2018)
    • 1936 – Ken Loach, English director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1937 – Peter Fitzgerald, Irish footballer and manager (d. 2013)
    • 1937 – Ted Nelson, American sociologist and philosopher
    • 1937 – Clodovil Hernandes, Brazilian fashion designer, television presenter and politician (d. 2009)
    • 1940 – George Akerlof, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1940 – Bobby Bell, American football player
    • 1940 – Chuck Rainey, American bassist
    • 1941 – Nicholas C. Handy, English chemist and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1942 – Mohamed ElBaradei, Egyptian politician, Vice President of Egypt, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1942 – Doğu Perinçek, Turkish lawyer and politician
    • 1942 – Roger Steffens, American actor and producer
    • 1943 – Newt Gingrich, American historian and politician, 58th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
    • 1943 – Barry Manilow, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1943 – Chantal Mouffe, Belgian theorist and author
    • 1943 – Burt Rutan, American engineer and pilot
    • 1944 – Randy Johnson, American football player (d. 2009)
    • 1944 – Chris Spedding, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1945 – Tommy Franks, American general
    • 1945 – Ken Livingstone, English politician, 1st Mayor of London
    • 1945 – Eddy Merckx, Belgian cyclist and sportscaster
    • 1945 – Art Bell, American broadcaster and author (d. 2018)
    • 1946 – Peter Rosei, Austrian author, poet, and playwright
    • 1947 – Christopher Allport, American actor (d. 2008)
    • 1947 – Timothy Wright, American gospel singer, pastor (d. 2009)
    • 1947 – Linda Chavez, American journalist and author
    • 1947 – George S. Clinton, American composer and songwriter
    • 1947 – Gregg Rolie, American rock singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1947 – Paul Young, English singer-songwriter (d. 2000)
    • 1948 – Dave Concepción, Venezuelan baseball player and manager
    • 1948 – Jacqueline Jones, American historian and academic
    • 1948 – Aurelio López, Mexican baseball player and politician (d. 1992)
    • 1948 – Karol Sikora, English physician and academic
    • 1949 – Snakefinger, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1987)
    • 1949 – John Craven, English economist and academic
    • 1949 – Russell Smith, American country singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2019)
    • 1950 – Lee Tamahori, New Zealand film director
    • 1951 – Starhawk, American author and activist
    • 1951 – John Garrett, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
    • 1951 – Joe Piscopo, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter
    • 1952 – Mike Milbury, American ice hockey player, coach, and manager
    • 1952 – Estelle Morris, Baroness Morris of Yardley, English educator and politician, Secretary of State for Education
    • 1953 – Vernon Coaker, English educator and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence
    • 1953 – Juan Muñoz, Spanish sculptor and storyteller (d. 2001)
    • 1954 – Mark Linn-Baker, American actor and director
    • 1955 – Mati Laur, Estonian historian, author, and academic
    • 1955 – Bob Sauvé, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1955 – Cem Hakko, Turkish fashion designer and businessman
    • 1956 – Iain Milne, Scottish rugby player
    • 1957 – Philip Chevron, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2013)
    • 1957 – Martin Dillon, American tenor and educator (d. 2005)
    • 1957 – Uģis Prauliņš, Latvian composer
    • 1958 – Pierre Berbizier, French rugby player and coach
    • 1958 – Jello Biafra, American singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1958 – Bobby Farrelly, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1958 – Sam Hamad, Syrian-Canadian academic and politician
    • 1958 – Jon Leibowitz, American lawyer and politician
    • 1958 – Daniel McVicar, American actor
    • 1959 – Carol Anderson, American author and historian
    • 1959 – Lawrence Haddad, South African-English economist and academic
    • 1959 – Nikos Stavropoulos, Greek basketball player and coach
    • 1960 – Adrián Campos, Spanish race car driver
    • 1960 – Thomas Haden Church, American actor
    • 1961 – Kōichi Yamadera, Japanese actor and singer
    • 1962 – Michael Monroe, Finnish singer-songwriter and saxophonist
    • 1963 – Greg Kinnear, American actor, television presenter, and producer
    • 1964 – Rinaldo Capello, Italian race car driver
    • 1964 – Michael Gross, German swimmer
    • 1964 – Steve Rhodes, English cricketer and coach
    • 1965 – Dermontti Dawson, American football player and coach
    • 1965 – Dan Jansen, American speed skater and sportscaster
    • 1965 – Dara O’Kearney, Irish runner and poker player
    • 1966 – Mohammed Ghazy Al-Akhras, Iraqi journalist and author
    • 1966 – Tory Burch, American fashion designer and philanthropist
    • 1966 – Ken Clark, American football player (d. 2013)
    • 1966 – Diane Modahl, English runner
    • 1966 – Jason Patric, American actor
    • 1967 – Dorothea Röschmann, German soprano and actress
    • 1967 – Eric Stefani, American keyboard player and composer
    • 1968 – Steve Georgallis, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1968 – Minoru Suzuki, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist
    • 1969 – Paul Tergat, Kenyan runner
    • 1969 – Geoff Toovey, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1969 – Ilya Tsymbalar, Ukrainian-Russian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
    • 1970 – Stéphane Fiset, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1970 – Will Forte, American actor, comedian, and screenwriter
    • 1970 – Jason Hanson, American football player
    • 1970 – Popeye Jones, American basketball player and coach
    • 1970 – Michael Showalter, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1970 – Alan Dowson, English football manager and former professional player
    • 1971 – Paulina Rubio, Mexican pop singer
    • 1971 – Mildred Fox, Irish politician
    • 1973 – Leander Paes, Indian tennis player
    • 1974 – Evangelia Psarra, Greek archer
    • 1975 – Joshua Leonard, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1975 – Juan Carlos Valerón, Spanish footballer
    • 1975 – Phiyada Akkraseranee, Thai actress and model
    • 1976 – Scott Adkins, English actor and martial artist
    • 1976 – Sven Nys, Belgian cyclist
    • 1977 – Tjaša Jezernik, Slovenian tennis player
    • 1977 – Mark Tauscher, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1978 – Isabelle Delobel, French ice dancer
    • 1978 – Travis Roche, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1979 – Nick Rimando, American soccer player
    • 1979 – Tyson Apostol, American television personality
    • 1979 – Young Maylay, American rapper, producer, and voice actor
    • 1980 – Elisa Rigaudo, Italian race walker
    • 1980 – Jeph Jacques, American author and illustrator
    • 1980 – Venus Williams, American tennis player
    • 1981 – Kyle Boller, American football player
    • 1981 – Shane Watson, Australian cricketer
    • 1982 – Alex Rodrigo Dias da Costa, Brazilian footballer
    • 1982 – Marek Svatoš, Slovak ice hockey player (d. 2016)
    • 1982 – Stanislava Hrozenská, Slovak tennis player
    • 1982 – Stefan Hodgetts, English racing driver
    • 1982 – Arthur Darvill, English actor
    • 1982 – Jodie Whittaker, English actress
    • 1983 – Lee Ryan, English singer/actor
    • 1983 – Vlasis Kazakis, Greek footballer
    • 1984 – Michael Mathieu, Bahamian sprinter
    • 1984 – Si Tianfeng, Chinese race walker
    • 1985 – Özge Akın, Turkish sprinter
    • 1985 – Marcos Baghdatis, Cypriot tennis player
    • 1985 – Rafael Sóbis, Brazilian footballer
    • 1986 – Apoula Edel, Armenian footballer
    • 1986 – Helen Glover, English rower
    • 1987 – Kendrick Lamar, American rapper
    • 1987 – Nozomi Tsuji, Japanese singer and actress
    • 1988 – Andrew Ogilvy, Australian basketball player
    • 1988 – Shaun MacDonald, Welsh footballer
    • 1988 – Stephanie Rice, Australian swimmer
    • 1989 – Georgios Tofas, Cypriot footballer
    • 1989 – Simone Battle, American singer and actress (d. 2014)
    • 1990 – Jordan Henderson, English footballer
    • 1990 – Josh Mansour, Australian rugby league player
    • 1991 – Daniel Tupou, Australian-Tongan rugby league player
    • 1994 – Amari Cooper, American football player
    • 1995 – Clément Lenglet, French footballer

    Deaths on June 17

    • 656 – Uthman, caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate (b. 579)
    • 676 – Adeodatus, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 811 – Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, Japanese shōgun (b. 758)
    • 850 – Tachibana no Kachiko, Japanese empress (b. 786)
    • 900 – Fulk, French archbishop and chancellor
    • 1025 – Bolesław I the Brave, Polish king (b. 967)
    • 1091 – Dirk V, count of Holland (b. 1052)
    • 1207 – Daoji, Chinese buddhist monk (b. 1130)
    • 1219 – David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon
    • 1361 – Ingeborg of Norway, princess consort and regent of Sweden (b. 1301)
    • 1400 – Jan of Jenštejn, archbishop of Prague (b. 1348)
    • 1463 – Catherine of Portugal, Portuguese princess (b. 1436)
    • 1501 – John I Albert, Polish king (b. 1459)
    • 1565 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shōgun (b. 1536)
    • 1631 – Mumtaz Mahal, Mughal princess (b. 1593)
    • 1649 – Injo of Joseon, Korean king (b. 1595)
    • 1674 – Jijabai, Dowager Queen, mother of Shivaji (b. 1598)
    • 1694 – Philip Howard, English cardinal (b. 1629)
    • 1696 – John III Sobieski, Polish king (b. 1629)
    • 1719 – Joseph Addison, English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician (b. 1672)
    • 1734 – Claude Louis Hector de Villars, French general and politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1653)
    • 1740 – Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet, English politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1687)
    • 1762 – Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, French poet and playwright (b. 1674)
    • 1771 – Daskalogiannis, Greek rebel leader (b. 1722)
    • 1775 – John Pitcairn, Scottish-English soldier (b. 1722)
    • 1797 – Mohammad Khan Qajar, Persian tribal chief (b. 1742)
    • 1813 – Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, Scottish-English admiral and politician (b. 1726)
    • 1821 – Martín Miguel de Güemes, Argentinian general and politician (b. 1785)
    • 1839 – Lord William Bentinck, English general and politician, 14th Governor-General of India (b. 1774)
    • 1866 – Joseph Méry, French poet and author (b. 1798)
    • 1889 – Lozen, Chiracaua Apache warrior woman (b. ~1840)
    • 1898 – Edward Burne-Jones, English soldier and painter (b. 1833)
    • 1904 – Nikolay Bobrikov, Russian soldier and politician, Governor-General of Finland (b. 1839)
    • 1936 – Julius Seljamaa, Estonian journalist, politician, and diplomat, Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1883)
    • 1939 – Allen Sothoron, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1893)
    • 1939 – Eugen Weidmann, German criminal (b. 1908)
    • 1940 – Arthur Harden, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
    • 1941 – Johan Wagenaar, Dutch organist and composer (b. 1862)
    • 1942 – Charles Fitzpatrick, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Chief Justice of Canada (b. 1853)
    • 1952 – Jack Parsons, American chemist and engineer (b. 1914)
    • 1954 – Danny Cedrone, American guitarist and bandleader (b. 1920)
    • 1956 – Percival Perry, 1st Baron Perry, English businessman (b. 1878)
    • 1956 – Paul Rostock, German surgeon and academic (b. 1892)
    • 1956 – Bob Sweikert, American race car driver (b. 1926)
    • 1957 – Dorothy Richardson, English journalist and author (b. 1873)
    • 1957 – J. R. Williams, Canadian-American cartoonist (b. 1888)
    • 1961 – Jeff Chandler, American actor (b. 1918)
    • 1963 – Aleksander Kesküla, Estonian politician (b. 1882)
    • 1968 – José Nasazzi, Uruguayan footballer and manager (b. 1901)
    • 1974 – Refik Koraltan, Turkish lawyer and politician, 8th Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (b. 1889)
    • 1975 – James Phinney Baxter III, American historian and academic (b. 1893)
    • 1979 – Hubert Ashton, English cricketer and politician (b. 1898)
    • 1979 – Duffy Lewis, American baseball player and manager (b. 1888)
    • 1981 – Richard O’Connor, Indian-English general (b. 1889)
    • 1981 – Zerna Sharp, American author and educator (b. 1889)
    • 1982 – Roberto Calvi, Italian banker (b. 1920)
    • 1983 – Peter Mennin, American composer and educator (b. 1923)
    • 1985 – John Boulting, English director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1913)
    • 1986 – Kate Smith, American singer (b. 1907)
    • 1987 – Dick Howser, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1936)
    • 1996 – Thomas Kuhn, American historian and philosopher (b. 1922)
    • 1996 – Curt Swan, American illustrator (b. 1920)
    • 1999 – Basil Hume, English cardinal (b. 1923)
    • 2000 – Ismail Mahomed, South African lawyer and jurist, 17th Chief Justice of South Africa (b. 1931)
    • 2001 – Donald J. Cram, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1919)
    • 2001 – Thomas Winning, Scottish cardinal (b. 1925)
    • 2002 – Willie Davenport, American sprinter and hurdler (b. 1943)
    • 2002 – Fritz Walter, German footballer (b. 1920)
    • 2004 – Gerry McNeil, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
    • 2006 – Bussunda, Brazilian comedian (b. 1962)
    • 2007 – Gianfranco Ferré, Italian fashion designer (b. 1944)
    • 2007 – Serena Wilson, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1933)
    • 2008 – Cyd Charisse, American actress and dancer (b. 1922)
    • 2009 – Ralf Dahrendorf, German-English sociologist and politician (b. 1929)
    • 2009 – Darrell Powers, American sergeant (b. 1923)
    • 2011 – Rex Mossop, Australian rugby player and sportscaster (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Stéphane Brosse, French mountaineer (b. 1971)
    • 2012 – Patricia Brown, American baseball player (b. 1931)
    • 2012 – Nathan Divinsky, Canadian mathematician and chess player (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Rodney King, American victim of police brutality (b. 1965)
    • 2012 – Fauzia Wahab, Pakistani actress and politician (b. 1956)
    • 2013 – Michael Baigent, New Zealand-English theorist and author (b. 1948)
    • 2013 – Atiqul Haque Chowdhury, Bangladeshi playwright and producer (b. 1930)
    • 2013 – Pierre F. Côté, Canadian lawyer and civil servant (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Bulbs Ehlers, American basketball player (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – James Holshouser, American politician, 68th Governor of North Carolina (b. 1934)
    • 2014 – Patsy Byrne, English actress (b. 1933)
    • 2014 – Éric Dewailly, Canadian epidemiologist and academic (b. 1954)
    • 2014 – Stanley Marsh 3, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1938)
    • 2014 – Arnold S. Relman, American physician and academic (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Larry Zeidel, Canadian-American ice hockey player and sportscaster (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Ron Clarke, Australian runner and politician, Mayor of the Gold Coast (b. 1937)
    • 2015 – John David Crow, American football player and coach (b. 1935)
    • 2015 – Süleyman Demirel, Turkish engineer and politician, 9th President of Turkey (b. 1924)
    • 2015 – Roberto M. Levingston, Argentinian general and politician, 36th President of Argentina (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Clementa C. Pinckney, American minister and politician (b. 1973)
    • 2017 – Baldwin Lonsdale, president of Vanuatu (b. 1948)

    Holidays and observances on June 17

    • Christian feast day:
      • Albert Chmielowski
      • Botolph (England and Scandinavia)
      • Gondulphus of Berry
      • Hervé
      • Hypatius of Bithynia (Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches)
      • Rainerius
      • Samuel and Henrietta Barnett (Church of England)
      • June 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Father’s Day (El Salvador, Guatemala)
    • Icelandic National Day, celebrates the independence of Iceland from Kingdom of Denmark in 1944.
    • Occupation of the Latvian Republic Day (Latvia)
    • Remembrance to East German uprising of 1953, public holiday in West Germany between 1954 and 1990 (today German Unity Day) is the public holiday day)
    • World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought (International)
    • Zemla Intifada Day (Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic)

  • April 23 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 215 BC – A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.
    • 599 – Maya king Uneh Chan of Calakmul attacks rival city-state Palenque in southern Mexico, defeating queen Yohl Ik’nal and sacking the city.
    • 711 – Dagobert III succeeds his father King Childebert III as King of the Franks.
    • 1014 – Battle of Clontarf: High King of Ireland Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle.
    • 1016 – Edmund Ironside succeeds his father Æthelred the Unready as King of England.
    • 1343 – St. George’s Night Uprising commences in the Duchy of Estonia.
    • 1348 – The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III is announced on St. George’s Day.
    • 1516 – The Munich Reinheitsgebot (regarding the ingredients of beer) takes effect in all of Bavaria.
    • 1521 – Battle of Villalar: King Charles I of Spain defeats the Comuneros.
    • 1635 – The first public school in the United States, Boston Latin School, is founded in Boston.
    • 1655 – The Siege of Santo Domingo begins during the Anglo-Spanish War, and fails seven days later.
    • 1660 – Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland.
    • 1661 – King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.
    • 1815 – The Second Serbian Uprising: A second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1879 – Fire burns down the second main building and dome of the University of Notre Dame, which prompts the construction of the third, and current, Main Building with its golden dome.
    • 1914 – First baseball game at Wrigley Field, then known as Weeghman Park, in Chicago.
    • 1918 – World War I: The British Royal Navy makes a raid in an attempt to neutralise the Belgian port of Bruges-Zeebrugge.
    • 1920 – The Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) is founded in Ankara. The assembly denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces the preparation of a temporary constitution.
    • 1927 – Cardiff City defeat Arsenal in the FA Cup Final, the only time it has been won by a team not based in England.
    • 1935 – The Polish Constitution of 1935 is adopted.
    • 1940 – The Rhythm Club fire at a dance hall in Natchez, Mississippi, kills 198 people.
    • 1941 – World War II: The Greek government and King George II evacuate Athens before the invading Wehrmacht.
    • 1942 – World War II: Baedeker Blitz: German bombers hit Exeter, Bath and York in retaliation for the British raid on Lübeck.
    • 1945 – World War II: Adolf Hitler’s designated successor, Hermann Göring, sends him a telegram asking permission to take leadership of the Third Reich. Martin Bormann and Joseph Goebbels advise Hitler that the telegram is treasonous.
    • 1946 – Manuel Roxas is elected the last President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
    • 1949 – Chinese Civil War: Establishment of the People’s Liberation Army Navy.
    • 1951 – Cold War: American journalist William N. Oatis is arrested for espionage by the Communist government of Czechoslovakia.
    • 1961 – Algiers putsch by French generals.
    • 1967 – Soviet space program: Soyuz 1 (Russian: Союз 1, Union 1) a manned spaceflight carrying cosmonaut Colonel Vladimir Komarov is launched into orbit.
    • 1968 – Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university.
    • 1971 – Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army and Razakars massacre approximately 3,000 Hindu emigrants in the Jathibhanga area of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
    • 1985 – Coca-Cola changes its formula and releases New Coke. The response is overwhelmingly negative, and the original formula is back on the market in less than three months.
    • 1990 – Namibia becomes the 160th member of the United Nations and the 50th member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
    • 1993 – Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.
    • 1993 – Sri Lankan politician Lalith Athulathmudali is assassinated while addressing a gathering, approximately four weeks ahead of the Provincial Council elections for the Western Province.
    • 1999 – NATO bombs the headquarters of Radio Television of Serbia, as part of their aerial campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
    • 2005 – The first ever YouTube video, titled “Me at the zoo”, was published by co-founder Jawed Karim.
    • 2013 – At least 28 people are killed and more than 70 are injured as violence breaks out in Hawija, Iraq.
    • 2018 – A vehicle-ramming attack kills 10 people and injures 16 in Toronto. A 25-year-old suspect, Alek Minassian, is arrested.
    • 2019 – The 2019 Hpakant jade mine collapse in Myanmar kills four miners and two rescuers.

    Births on April 23

    • 1141 (probable) – Malcolm IV of Scotland (d. 1165)
    • 1185 – Afonso II of Portugal (d. 1223)
    • 1408 – John de Vere, 12th Earl of Oxford (d. 1462)
    • 1420 – George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia (d. 1471)
    • 1464 – Joan of France, Duchess of Berry (d. 1505)
    • 1464 – Robert Fayrfax, English Renaissance composer (d. 1521)
    • 1484 – Julius Caesar Scaliger, Italian physician and scholar (d. 1558)
    • 1500 – Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian and academic (d. 1565)
    • 1500 – Johann Stumpf, Swiss writer (d. 1576)
    • 1512 – Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel, Chancellor of the University of Oxford (d. 1580)
    • 1516 – Georg Fabricius, German poet, historian, and archaeologist (d. 1571)
    • 1598 – Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral (d. 1653)
    • 1621 – William Penn, English admiral and politician (d. 1670)
    • 1628 – Johannes Hudde, Dutch mathematician and politician (d. 1704)
    • 1661 – Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, merchant and diplomat (d. 1730)
    • 1715 – Johann Friedrich Doles, German composer and conductor (d. 1797)
    • 1720 – Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi and author (d. 1797)
    • 1744 – Princess Charlotte Amalie Wilhelmine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (d. 1770)
    • 1748 – Félix Vicq-d’Azyr, French physician and anatomist (d. 1794)
    • 1791 – James Buchanan, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 15th President of the United States (d. 1868)
    • 1792 – Thomas Romney Robinson, Irish astronomer and physicist (d. 1882)
    • 1794 – Wei Yuan, Chinese scholar and author (d. 1856)
    • 1805 – Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, German philosopher and academic (d. 1879)
    • 1812 – Frederick Whitaker, English-New Zealand lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1891)
    • 1813 – Stephen A. Douglas, American educator and politician, 7th Illinois Secretary of State (d. 1861)
    • 1813 – Frédéric Ozanam, Italian-French historian and scholar (d. 1853)
    • 1818 – James Anthony Froude, English historian, novelist, biographer and editor (d. 1894)
    • 1819 – Edward Stafford, Scottish-New Zealand educator and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1901)
    • 1853 – Winthrop M. Crane, American businessman and politician, 40th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1920)
    • 1856 – Granville Woods, American inventor and engineer (d. 1910)
    • 1857 – Ruggero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (d. 1919)
    • 1858 – Max Planck, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947)
    • 1860 – Justinian Oxenham, Australian public servant (d. 1932)
    • 1861 – Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, English field marshal and diplomat, British High Commissioner in Egypt (d. 1936)
    • 1861 – John Peltz, American baseball player and manager (d. 1906)
    • 1865 – Ali-Agha Shikhlinski, Russian-Azerbaijani general (d. 1943)
    • 1867 – Johannes Fibiger, Danish physician and pathologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
    • 1876 – Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, German historian and author (d. 1925)
    • 1880 – Michel Fokine, Russian dancer and choreographer (d. 1942)
    • 1882 – Albert Coates, English composer and conductor (d. 1953)
    • 1888 – Georges Vanier, Canadian general and politician, 19th Governor General of Canada (d. 1967)
    • 1889 – Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (d. 1942)
    • 1893 – Frank Borzage, American actor and director (d. 1952)
    • 1895 – Ngaio Marsh, New Zealand author and director (d. 1982)
    • 1897 – Folke Jansson, American general (d. 1965)
    • 1897 – Lester B. Pearson, Canadian historian and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Canada, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
    • 1898 – Lucius D. Clay, American general (d. 1978)
    • 1899 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
    • 1899 – Minoru Shirota, Japanese physician and microbiologist, invented Yakult (d. 1982)
    • 1900 – Jim Bottomley, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1959)
    • 1900 – Joseph Green, Polish-American actor and director (d. 1996)
    • 1901 – E. B. Ford, English biologist and geneticist (d. 1988)
    • 1902 – Halldór Laxness, Icelandic author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
    • 1903 – Guy Simonds, English-Canadian general (d. 1974)
    • 1904 – Clifford Bricker, Canadian long-distance runner (d. 1980)
    • 1904 – Louis Muhlstock, Polish-Canadian painter (d. 2001)
    • 1904 – Duncan Renaldo, American actor (d. 1985)
    • 1907 – Lee Miller, American model and photographer (d. 1977)
    • 1907 – Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor, designed the Wotruba Church (d. 1975)
    • 1908 – Myron Waldman, American animator and director (d. 2006)
    • 1910 – Sheila Scott Macintyre, Scottish mathematician (d. 1960)
    • 1910 – Simone Simon, French actress (d. 2005)
    • 1911 – Ronald Neame, English-American director, cinematographer, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1913 – Diosa Costello, Puerto Rican-American entertainer, producer and club owner (d. 2013)
    • 1915 – Arnold Alexander Hall, English engineer, academic, and businessman (d. 2000)
    • 1916 – Yiannis Moralis, Greek painter and educator (d. 2009)
    • 1916 – Sinah Estelle Kelley, American chemist (d. 1982)
    • 1917 – Dorian Leigh, American model (d. 2008)
    • 1917 – Tony Lupien, American baseball player and coach (d. 2004)
    • 1918 – Maurice Druon, French author and screenwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1919 – Oleg Penkovsky, Russian colonel (d. 1963)
    • 1920 – Eric Grant Yarrow, 3rd Baronet, English businessman (d. 2018)
    • 1921 – Judy Agnew, Second Lady of the United States (d. 2012)
    • 1921 – Cleto Bellucci, Italian archbishop (d. 2013)
    • 1921 – Janet Blair, American actress and singer (d. 2007)
    • 1921 – Warren Spahn, American baseball player and coach (d. 2003)
    • 1923 – Dolph Briscoe, American lieutenant and politician, 41st Governor of Texas (d. 2010)
    • 1923 – Avram Davidson, American soldier and author (d. 1993)
    • 1924 – Chuck Harmon, American baseball player and scout (d. 2019)
    • 1924 – Bobby Rosengarden, American drummer and bandleader (d. 2007)
    • 1926 – J.P. Donleavy, American-Irish novelist and playwright (d. 2017)
    • 1926 – Rifaat el-Mahgoub, Egyptian politician (d. 1990)
    • 1928 – Shirley Temple, American actress, singer, dancer, and diplomat (d. 2014)
    • 1929 – George Steiner, French-American philosopher, author, and critic (d. 2020)
    • 1932 – Halston, American fashion designer (d. 1990)
    • 1932 – Jim Fixx, American runner and author (d. 1984)
    • 1933 – Annie Easley, American computer scientist, mathematician, and engineer (d. 2011)
    • 1934 – George Canseco, Filipino composer and producer (d. 2004)
    • 1936 – Roy Orbison, American singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
    • 1937 – Victoria Glendinning, English author and critic
    • 1937 – David Mills, English cricketer (d. 2013)
    • 1937 – Barry Shepherd, Australian cricketer (d. 2001)
    • 1939 – Jorge Fons, Mexican director and screenwriter
    • 1939 – Bill Hagerty, English journalist
    • 1939 – Lee Majors, American actor
    • 1939 – Ray Peterson, American pop singer (d. 2005)
    • 1940 – Michael Copps, American academic and politician
    • 1940 – Dale Houston, American singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
    • 1940 – Michael Kadosh, Israeli footballer and manager (d. 2014)
    • 1941 – Jacqueline Boyer, French singer and actress
    • 1941 – Arie den Hartog, Dutch road bicycle racer (d. 2018)
    • 1941 – Paavo Lipponen, Finnish journalist and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Finland
    • 1941 – Michael Lynne, American film producer, co-founded New Line Cinema
    • 1941 – Ed Stewart, English radio and television host (d. 2016)
    • 1941 – Ray Tomlinson, American computer programmer and engineer (d. 2016)
    • 1942 – Sandra Dee, American model and actress (d. 2005)
    • 1943 – Gail Goodrich, American basketball player and coach
    • 1943 – Tony Esposito, Canadian-American ice hockey player, coach, and manager
    • 1943 – Frans Koppelaar, Dutch painter
    • 1943 – Hervé Villechaize, French actor (d. 1993)
    • 1944 – Jean-François Stévenin, French actor and director
    • 1946 – Blair Brown, American actress
    • 1946 – Carlton Sherwood, American soldier and journalist (d. 2014)
    • 1947 – Robert Burgess, English sociologist and academic
    • 1947 – Glenn Cornick, English bass player (d. 2014)
    • 1947 – Bernadette Devlin McAliskey, Irish civil rights leader and politician
    • 1948 – Pascal Quignard, French author and screenwriter
    • 1948 – Serge Thériault, Canadian actor
    • 1949 – Paul Collier, English economist and academic
    • 1949 – David Cross, English violinist
    • 1949 – John Miles, British rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist
    • 1950 – Rowley Leigh, English chef and journalist
    • 1950 – Barbara McIlvaine Smith, Sac and Fox Nation Native American politician
    • 1951 – Martin Bayerle, American treasure hunter
    • 1952 – Narada Michael Walden, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer
    • 1953 – James Russo, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1954 – Stephen Dalton, English air marshal
    • 1954 – Michael Moore, American director, producer, and activist
    • 1955 – Judy Davis, Australian actress
    • 1955 – Tony Miles, English chess player (d. 2001)
    • 1955 – Urmas Ott, Estonian journalist and author (d. 2008)
    • 1957 – Neville Brody, English graphic designer, typographer, and art director
    • 1957 – Jan Hooks, American actress and comedian (d. 2014)
    • 1958 – Hilmar Örn Hilmarsson, Icelandic composer and producer
    • 1958 – Ryan Walter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1959 – Unity Dow, Botswanan judge, author, and rights activist
    • 1960 – Valerie Bertinelli, American actress
    • 1960 – Steve Clark, English guitarist and songwriter (d. 1991)
    • 1960 – Barry Douglas, Irish pianist and conductor
    • 1960 – Léo Jaime, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1960 – Claude Julien, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1961 – George Lopez, American comedian, actor, and talk show host
    • 1961 – Pierluigi Martini, Italian race car driver
    • 1962 – John Hannah, Scottish actor and producer
    • 1962 – Shaun Spiers, English businessman and politician
    • 1963 – Paul Belmondo, French race car driver
    • 1963 – Robby Naish, American windsurfer
    • 1964 – Gianandrea Noseda, Italian pianist and conductor
    • 1965 – Leni Robredo, Filipina human rights lawyer, 14th Vice President of the Philippines
    • 1966 – Jörg Deisinger, German bass player
    • 1966 – Matt Freeman, American bass player
    • 1966 – Lembit Oll, Estonian chess Grandmaster (d. 1999)
    • 1967 – Rheal Cormier, Canadian baseball player
    • 1967 – Melina Kanakaredes, American actress
    • 1968 – Bas Haring, Dutch philosopher, writer, television presenter and professor.
    • 1968 – Ken McRae, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1968 – Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist, Oklahoma City bombing co-perpetrator (d. 2001)
    • 1969 – Martín López-Zubero, American-Spanish swimmer and coach
    • 1969 – Yelena Shushunova, Russian gymnast
    • 1970 – Egemen Bağış, Turkish politician, 1st Minister of European Union Affairs
    • 1970 – Dennis Culp, American singer-songwriter and trombonist
    • 1970 – Andrew Gee, Australian rugby league player and manager
    • 1970 – Hans Välimäki, Finnish chef and author
    • 1970 – Tayfur Havutçu, Turkish international footballer and manager
    • 1971 – Uli Herzner, German-American fashion designer
    • 1972 – Pierre Labrie, Canadian poet and playwright
    • 1972 – Peter Dench, English photographer and journalist
    • 1972 – Amira Medunjanin, singer from Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • 1973 – Patrick Poulin, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1974 – Carlos Dengler, American bass player
    • 1974 – Michael Kerr, New Zealand-German rugby player
    • 1975 – Bobby Shaw, American football player
    • 1976 – Aaron Dessner, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1977 – John Cena, American professional wrestler and actor
    • 1977 – David Kidwell, New Zealand rugby league player and coach
    • 1977 – Willie Mitchell, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1977 – John Oliver, English comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1977 – Kal Penn, Indian-American actor
    • 1977 – Bram Schmitz, Dutch cyclist
    • 1977 – Lee Young-pyo, South Korean international footballer
    • 1978 – Gezahegne Abera, Ethiopian runner
    • 1979 – Barry Hawkins, English snooker player
    • 1979 – Jaime King, American actress and model
    • 1979 – Joanna Krupa, Polish-American model and television personality
    • 1979 – Samppa Lajunen, Finnish skier
    • 1982 – Tony Sunshine, American singer-songwriter
    • 1983 – Leon Andreasen, Danish international footballer
    • 1983 – Daniela Hantuchová, Slovak tennis player
    • 1983 – Ian Henderson, English rugby league player
    • 1984 – Alexandra Kosteniuk, Russian chess player
    • 1984 – Jesse Lee Soffer, American actor
    • 1985 – Angel Locsin, Filipino actress, producer, and fashion designer
    • 1986 – Sven Kramer, Dutch speed skater
    • 1986 – Alysia Montaño, American runner
    • 1986 – Rafael Fernandes, Brazilian baseball player
    • 1987 – Michael Arroyo, Ecuadorian footballer
    • 1987 – John Boye, Ghanaian footballer
    • 1987 – Emily Fox, American basketball player
    • 1988 – Victor Anichebe, Nigerian footballer
    • 1988 – Alistair Brownlee, English triathlete
    • 1988 – Signe Ronka, Canadian figure skater
    • 1988 – Lenka Wienerová, Slovak tennis player
    • 1989 – Nicole Vaidišová, Czech tennis player
    • 1990 – Rui Fonte, Portuguese footballer, winger
    • 1990 – Dev Patel, English actor
    • 1991 – Nathan Baker, English footballer
    • 1991 – Caleb Johnson, American singer-songwriter
    • 1991 – Paul Vaughan, Australian-Italian rugby league player
    • 1994 – Patrick Olsen, Danish footballer
    • 1994 – Song Kang, South Korean actor
    • 1995 – Gigi Hadid, American fashion model and television personality
    • 1997 – Zach Apple, American swimmer

    Deaths on April 23

    • 303 – Saint George, Roman soldier and martyr (b. 275)
    • 711 – Childebert III, Frankish king (b. 670)
    • 725 – Wihtred of Kent (b. 670)
    • 871 – Æthelred of Wessex (b. 837)
    • 915 – Yang Shihou, Chinese general
    • 944 – Wichmann the Elder, Saxon nobleman
    • 990 – Ekkehard II, Swiss monk and abbot
    • 997 – Adalbert of Prague, Czech bishop, missionary, and saint (b. 956)
    • 1014 – Brian Boru, Irish king (b. 941)
    • 1014 – Domnall mac Eimín, Mormaer of Mar
    • 1016 – Æthelred the Unready, English son of Edgar the Peaceful (b. 968)
    • 1124 – Alexander I of Scotland (b. 1078)
    • 1151 – Adeliza of Louvain (b. 1103)
    • 1170 – Minamoto no Tametomo, Japanese samurai (b. 1139)
    • 1196 – Béla III of Hungary (b. c.1148)
    • 1200 – Zhu Xi, Chinese philosopher (b. 1130)
    • 1217 – Inge II of Norway (b. 1185)
    • 1262 – Aegidius of Assisi, companion of Saint Francis of Assisi
    • 1307 – Joan of Acre (b. 1272)
    • 1400 – Aubrey de Vere, 10th Earl of Oxford, English politician and nobleman (b. c. 1338)
    • 1407 – Olivier de Clisson, French soldier (b. 1326)
    • 1501 – Domenico della Rovere, Catholic cardinal (b. 1442)
    • 1554 – Gaspara Stampa, Italian poet (b. 1523)
    • 1605 – Boris Godunov, Russian ruler (b. 1551)
    • 1616 – William Shakespeare, English playwright and poet (b. 1564)
    • 1625 – Maurice, Prince of Orange (b. 1567)
    • 1695 – Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet and author (b. 1621)
    • 1702 – Margaret Fell, English religious leader, founded the Religious Society of Friends (b. 1614)
    • 1781 – James Abercrombie, Scottish general and politician (b. 1706)
    • 1784 – Solomon I of Imereti (b. 1735)
    • 1792 – Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian and author (b. 1741)
    • 1794 – Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, French lawyer and politician (b. 1721)
    • 1827 – Georgios Karaiskakis, Greek general (b. 1780)
    • 1839 – Jacques Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, French admiral and explorer (b. 1768)
    • 1850 – William Wordsworth, English poet and author (b. 1770)
    • 1889 – Jules Amédée Barbey d’Aurevilly, French author and critic (b. 1808)
    • 1895 – Carl Ludwig, German physician and physiologist (b. 1815)
    • 1905 – Gédéon Ouimet, Canadian politician, 2nd Premier of Quebec (b. 1823)
    • 1907 – Alferd Packer, American prospector (b. 1842)
    • 1915 – Rupert Brooke, English poet (b. 1887)
    • 1936 – Teresa de la Parra, French-Venezuelan author (b. 1889)
    • 1951 – Jules Berry, French actor and director (b. 1883)
    • 1951 – Charles G. Dawes, American banker and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1865)
    • 1959 – Bak Jungyang, Korean politician
    • 1965 – George Adamski, Polish-American ufologist and author (b. 1891)
    • 1966 – George Ohsawa, Japanese founder of the Macrobiotic diet (b. 1893)
    • 1981 – Josep Pla, Catalan journalist and author (b. 1897)
    • 1983 – Buster Crabbe, American swimmer and actor (b. 1908)
    • 1984 – Red Garland, American pianist (b. 1923)
    • 1985 – Sam Ervin, American lawyer and politician (b. 1896)
    • 1985 – Frank Farrell, Australian rugby league player and policeman (b. 1916)
    • 1986 – Harold Arlen, American composer (b. 1905)
    • 1986 – Jim Laker, English cricketer and sportscaster (b. 1922)
    • 1986 – Otto Preminger, Ukrainian-American actor, director, and producer (b. 1906)
    • 1990 – Paulette Goddard, American actress (b. 1910)
    • 1991 – Johnny Thunders, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1952)
    • 1992 – Satyajit Ray, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
    • 1992 – Tanka Prasad Acharya, Nepalese politician, 27th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1912)
    • 1993 – Cesar Chavez, American activist, co-founded the United Farm Workers (b. 1927)
    • 1995 – Douglas Lloyd Campbell, Canadian farmer and politician, 13th Premier of Manitoba (b. 1895)
    • 1995 – Howard Cosell, American lawyer and journalist (b. 1918)
    • 1995 – Riho Lahi, Estonian journalist (b. 1904)
    • 1995 – John C. Stennis, American lawyer and politician (b. 1904)
    • 1996 – Jean Victor Allard, Canadian general (b. 1913)
    • 1996 – P. L. Travers, Australian-English author and actress (b. 1899)
    • 1997 – Denis Compton, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1918)
    • 1998 – Konstantinos Karamanlis, Greek lawyer and politician, 172nd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907)
    • 1998 – James Earl Ray, American assassin of Martin Luther King, Jr. (b. 1928)
    • 1998 – Thanassis Skordalos, Greek singer-songwriter and lyra player (b. 1920)
    • 2003 – Fernand Fonssagrives, French-American photographer (b. 1910)
    • 2004 – Herman Veenstra, Dutch water polo player (b. 1911)
    • 2005 – Joh Bjelke-Petersen, New Zealand-Australian politician, 31st Premier of Queensland (b. 1911)
    • 2005 – Robert Farnon, Canadian-English trumpet player, composer and conductor (b. 1917)
    • 2005 – Al Grassby, Australian journalist and politician (b. 1928)
    • 2005 – John Mills, English actor (b. 1908)
    • 2005 – Romano Scarpa, Italian author and illustrator (b. 1927)
    • 2005 – Earl Wilson, American baseball player, coach and educator (b. 1934)
    • 2006 – Phil Walden, American record producer and manager, co-founder of Capricorn Records (b. 1940)
    • 2007 – Paul Erdman, Canadian-American economist and author (b. 1932)
    • 2007 – David Halberstam, American journalist, historian and author (b. 1934)
    • 2007 – Peter Randall, English sergeant (b. 1930)
    • 2007 – Boris Yeltsin, Russian politician, 1st President of Russia (b. 1931)
    • 2010 – Peter Porter, Australian-born British poet (b. 1929)
    • 2011 – James Casey, English comedian, radio scriptwriter and producer (b. 1922)
    • 2011 – Tom King, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1943)
    • 2011 – Geoffrey Russell, 4th Baron Ampthill, English businessman and politician (b. 1921)
    • 2011 – Max van der Stoel, Dutch politician and Minister of State (b. 1924)
    • 2011 – John Sullivan, English screenwriter and producer (b. 1946)
    • 2012 – Lillemor Arvidsson, Swedish trade union leader and politician, 34th Governor of Gotland (b. 1943)
    • 2012 – Billy Bryans, Canadian drummer, songwriter and producer (b. 1947)
    • 2012 – Chris Ethridge, American bass player and songwriter (b. 1947)
    • 2012 – Raymond Thorsteinsson, Canadian geologist and paleontologist (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – LeRoy T. Walker, American football player and coach (b. 1918)
    • 2013 – Bob Brozman, American guitarist (b. 1954)
    • 2013 – Robert W. Edgar, American educator and politician (b. 1943)
    • 2013 – Tony Grealish, English footballer (b. 1956)
    • 2013 – Antonio Maccanico, Italian banker and politician (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Frank W. J. Olver, English-American mathematician and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Kathryn Wasserman Davis, American philanthropist and scholar (b. 1907)
    • 2014 – Benjamín Brea, Spanish-Venezuelan saxophonist, clarinet player, and conductor (b. 1946)
    • 2014 – Michael Glawogger, Austrian director, screenwriter, and cinematographer (b. 1959)
    • 2014 – Jaap Havekotte, Dutch speed skater and producer of ice skates (b. 1912)
    • 2014 – Connie Marrero, Cuban baseball player and coach (b. 1911)
    • 2014 – F. Michael Rogers, American general (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – Mark Shand, English conservationist and author (b. 1951)
    • 2014 – Patric Standford, English composer and educator (b. 1939)
    • 2015 – Richard Corliss, American journalist and critic (b. 1944)
    • 2015 – Ray Jackson, Australian activist (b. 1941)
    • 2015 – Pierre Claude Nolin, Canadian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Canadian Senate (b. 1950)
    • 2015 – Jim Steffen, American football player (b. 1936)
    • 2015 – Francis Tsai, American author and illustrator (b. 1967)
    • 2016 – Inge King, German-born Australian sculptor (b. 1915)
    • 2016 – Banharn Silpa-archa, Thai politician, Prime Minister from 1995–1996 (b. 1932)
    • 2019 – Charity Sunshine Tillemann-Dick, American soprano singer and presenter (b.1983)

    Holidays and observances on April 23

    • Castile and León Day (Castile and León)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Adalbert of Prague
      • Felix, Fortunatus, and Achilleus
      • George
      • Blessed Giles of Assisi
      • Gerard of Toul
      • Ibar of Beggerin (Meath)
      • Toyohiko Kagawa (Episcopal and Lutheran Church)
      • April 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which the first day of Children’s Day can fall, while April 29 is the latest; celebrated on the last Saturday of April. (Colombia)
    • Independence Day (Conch Republic, Key West, Florida)
    • International Pixel-Stained Technopeasant Day
    • Khongjom Day (Manipur)
    • National Sovereignty and Children’s Day (Turkey and Northern Cyprus)
    • Navy Day (China)
    • St George’s Day (England) and its related observances:
      • Canada Book Day (Canada)
      • La Diada de Sant Jordi (Catalonia, Spain)
      • World Book Day
    • UN English Language Day (United Nations)

  • March 26 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
    • 1027 – Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
    • 1169 – Saladin becomes the emir of Egypt.
    • 1344 – The Siege of Algeciras, one of the first European military engagements where gunpowder was used, comes to an end.
    • 1351 – Combat of the Thirty: Thirty Breton knights call out and defeat thirty English knights.
    • 1484 – William Caxton prints his translation of Aesop’s Fables.
    • 1552 – Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh guru.
    • 1636 – Utrecht University is founded in the Netherlands.
    • 1697 – Safavid government troops take control of Basra
    • 1812 – An earthquake devastates Caracas, Venezuela.
    • 1812 – A political cartoon in the Boston Gazette coins the term “gerrymander” to describe oddly shaped electoral districts designed to help incumbents win reelection.
    • 1830 – The Book of Mormon is published in Palmyra, New York.
    • 1839 – The first Henley Royal Regatta is held.
    • 1871 – The elections of Commune council of the Paris Commune are held.
    • 1885 – The Métis people of the District of Saskatchewan under Louis Riel begin the North-West Rebellion against Canada.
    • 1913 – First Balkan War: Bulgarian forces capture Adrianople.
    • 1915 – The Vancouver Millionaires win the 1915 Stanley Cup Finals, the first championship played between the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the National Hockey Association.
    • 1917 – World War I: First Battle of Gaza: British troops are halted after 17,000 Turks block their advance.
    • 1922 – The German Social Democratic Party is founded in Poland.
    • 1931 – Swissair is founded as the national airline of Switzerland.
    • 1931 – Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union is founded in Vietnam.
    • 1934 – The United Kingdom driving test is introduced.
    • 1939 – Spanish Civil War: Nationalists begin their final offensive of the war.
    • 1942 – World War II: The first female prisoners arrive at Auschwitz concentration camp in German-occupied Poland.
    • 1945 – World War II: The Battle of Iwo Jima ends as the island is officially secured by American forces.
    • 1954 – Nuclear weapons testing: The Romeo shot of Operation Castle is detonated at Bikini Atoll. Yield: 11 megatons.
    • 1958 – The United States Army launches Explorer 3.
    • 1958 – The African Regroupment Party is launched at a meeting in Paris.
    • 1967 – Ten thousand people gather for one of many Central Park be-ins in New York City.
    • 1970 – South Vietnamese President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu implements a land reform program to solve the problem of land tenancy.
    • 1971 – East Pakistan declares its independence from Pakistan to form Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Liberation War begins.
    • 1975 – The Biological Weapons Convention comes into force.
    • 1979 – Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin and Jimmy Carter sign the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty in Washington, D.C.
    • 1981 – Social Democratic Party (UK) is founded as a party.
    • 1982 – A groundbreaking ceremony for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is held in Washington, D.C.
    • 1991 – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay sign the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur, the South Common Market.
    • 1997 – Thirty-nine bodies are found in the Heaven’s Gate mass suicides.
    • 1998 – During the Algerian Civil War, the Oued Bouaicha massacre sees fifty-two people, mostly infants, killed with axes and knives.
    • 2005 – Around 200,000 to 300,000 Taiwanese demonstrate in Taipei in opposition to the Anti-Secession Law of China.
    • 2010 – The South Korean Navy corvette Cheonan is torpedoed, killing 46 sailors. After an international investigation, the President of the United Nations Security Council blames North Korea.
    • 2017 – Russia-wide anti-corruption protests in 99 cities. The Levada Center survey showed that 38% of surveyed Russians supported protests and that 67 percent held Putin personally responsible for high-level corruption.

    Births on March 26

    • 1031 – Malcolm III, king of Scotland (d. 1093)
    • 1516 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss botanist and zoologist (d. 1565)
    • 1554 – Charles of Lorraine, duke of Mayenne (d. 1611)
    • 1584 – John II, duke of Zweibrücken (d. 1635)
    • 1633 – Mary Beale, British artist (d. 1699)
    • 1634 – Domenico Freschi, Italian priest and composer (d. 1710)
    • 1656 – Nicolaas Hartsoeker, Dutch mathematician and physicist (d. 1725)
    • 1687 – Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, queen consort of Prussia (d. 1757)
    • 1698 – Prokop Diviš, Czech priest, scientist and inventor (d. 1765)
    • 1749 – William Blount, American politician (d. 1800)
    • 1753 – Benjamin Thompson, American-French physicist and politician, Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1814)
    • 1773 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician and navigator (d. 1838)
    • 1794 – Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, German painter (d. 1872)
    • 1804 – David Humphreys Storer, American physician and academic (d. 1891)
    • 1824 – Julie-Victoire Daubié, French journalist (d. 1874)
    • 1829 – Théodore Aubanel, French poet (d. 1886)
    • 1842 – Alexandre Saint-Yves d’Alveydre, French occultist (d. 1909)
    • 1850 – Edward Bellamy, American author, socialist, and utopian visionary (d. 1898)
    • 1852 – Élémir Bourges, French author (d. 1925)
    • 1854 – Maurice Lecoq, French target shooter (d. 1925)
    • 1856 – William Massey, Irish-New Zealand farmer and politician, 19th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1925)
    • 1857 – Théodore Tuffier, French surgeon (d. 1929)
    • 1859 – A. E. Housman, English poet and scholar (d. 1936)
    • 1859 – Adolf Hurwitz, Jewish German-Swiss mathematician and academic (d. 1919)
    • 1860 – André Prévost, French tennis player (d. 1919)
    • 1866 – Fred Karno, English producer and manager (d. 1941)
    • 1868 – King Fuad I of Egypt (d. 1936)
    • 1873 – Dorothea Bleek, South African-German anthropologist and philologist (d. 1948)
    • 1874 – Robert Frost, American poet and playwright (d. 1963)
    • 1875 – Max Abraham, Polish-German physicist and academic (d. 1922)
    • 1875 – Syngman Rhee, South Korean journalist and politician, 1st President of South Korea (d. 1965)
    • 1876 – William of Wied, prince of Albania (d. 1945)
    • 1876 – Kate Richards O’Hare, American Socialist Party activist and editor (d. 1948)
    • 1879 – Othmar Ammann, Swiss-American engineer, designed the George Washington Bridge and Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge (d. 1965)
    • 1879 – Waldemar Tietgens, German rower (d. 1917)
    • 1881 – Guccio Gucci, Italian fashion designer, founded Gucci (d. 1953)
    • 1882 – Hermann Obrecht, Swiss politician (d. 1940)
    • 1884 – Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist and educator (d. 1969)
    • 1884 – Georges Imbert, French chemical engineer and inventor (d. 1950)
    • 1886 – Hugh Mulzac, Vincentian-American soldier and politician (d. 1971)
    • 1888 – Elsa Brändström, Swedish nurse and philanthropist (d. 1948)
    • 1893 – James Bryant Conant, American chemist, academic, and diplomat, 1st United States Ambassador to West Germany (d. 1978)
    • 1893 – Palmiro Togliatti, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Justice (d. 1964)
    • 1894 – Viorica Ursuleac, Ukrainian-Romanian soprano and actress (d. 1985)
    • 1895 – Vilho Tuulos, Finnish triple jumper (d. 1967)
    • 1898 – Rudolf Dassler, German businessman, founded Puma SE (d. 1974)
    • 1898 – Charles Shadwell, English conductor and bandleader (d. 1979)
    • 1900 – Angela Maria Autsch, German nun, died in Auschwitz helping Jewish prisoners (d. 1941)
    • 1904 – Joseph Campbell, American mythologist and author (d. 1987)
    • 1904 – Emilio Fernández, Mexican actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1986)
    • 1904 – Attilio Ferraris, Italian footballer (d. 1947)
    • 1905 – Monty Berman, English cinematographer and producer (d. 2006)
    • 1905 – André Cluytens, Belgian-French conductor and director (d. 1967)
    • 1905 – Viktor Frankl, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (d. 1997)
    • 1906 – Rafael Méndez, Mexican trumpet player and composer (d. 1981)
    • 1907 – Azellus Denis, Canadian lawyer and politician, Postmaster General of Canada (d. 1991)
    • 1907 – Mahadevi Varma, Indian poet and activist (d. 1987)
    • 1908 – Franz Stangl, Austrian-German SS officer (d. 1971)
    • 1909 – Chips Rafferty, Australian actor (d. 1971)
    • 1910 – K. W. Devanayagam, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 10th Sri Lankan Minister of Justice (d. 2002)
    • 1911 – Lennart Atterwall, Swedish javelin thrower (d. 2001)
    • 1911 – J. L. Austin, English philosopher and academic (d. 1960)
    • 1911 – Bernard Katz, German-English biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
    • 1911 – Tennessee Williams, American playwright, and poet (d. 1983)
    • 1913 – Jacqueline de Romilly, Jewish Franco-Greek philologist, author, and scholar (d. 2010)
    • 1913 – Paul Erdős, Hungarian-Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1996)
    • 1914 – Toru Kumon, Japanese mathematician and academic (d. 1995)
    • 1914 – William Westmoreland, American general (d. 2005)
    • 1915 – Lennart Strandberg, Swedish sprinter (d. 1989)
    • 1915 – Hwang Sun-won, North Korean author and poet (d. 2000)
    • 1916 – Christian B. Anfinsen, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
    • 1916 – Bill Edrich, English cricketer and footballer (d. 1986)
    • 1916 – Sterling Hayden, American actor and author (d. 1986)
    • 1917 – Rufus Thomas, American R&B singer-songwriter (d. 2001)
    • 1919 – Strother Martin, American actor (d. 1980)
    • 1919 – Roger Leger, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1965)
    • 1920 – Sergio Livingstone, Chilean footballer and journalist (d. 2012)
    • 1922 – William Milliken, American politician, 44th Governor of Michigan (d. 2019)
    • 1922 – Oscar Sala, Italian-Brazilian physicist and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1922 – Guido Stampacchia, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1978)
    • 1923 – Gert Bastian, German general and politician (d. 1992)
    • 1923 – Bob Elliott, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (d. 2016)
    • 1925 – Maqsood Ahmed, Pakistani cricketer (d. 1999)
    • 1925 – Pierre Boulez, French pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2016)
    • 1925 – Vesta Roy, American politician, Governor of New Hampshire (d. 2002)
    • 1925 – Edward Graham, Baron Graham of Edmonton, English soldier and politician (d. 2020)
    • 1925 – Ben Mondor, Canadian-American businessman (d. 2010)
    • 1925 – James Moody, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2010)
    • 1927 – Harold Chapman, English photographer
    • 1929 – Edward Sorel, American illustrator and caricaturist
    • 1929 – Edwin Turney, American businessman, co-founded Advanced Micro Devices (d. 2008)
    • 1930 – Sandra Day O’Connor, American lawyer and jurist
    • 1930 – Gregory Corso, American poet (d. 2001)
    • 1931 – Leonard Nimoy, American actor (d. 2015)
    • 1932 – Leroy Griffith, American businessman
    • 1932 – James Andrew Harris, American chemist and academic (d. 2000)
    • 1933 – Tinto Brass, Italian director and screenwriter
    • 1934 – Alan Arkin, American actor
    • 1934 – Edvaldo Alves de Santa Rosa, Brazilian footballer (d. 2002)
    • 1937 – Wayne Embry, American basketball player and manager
    • 1937 – Barbara Jones, American sprinter
    • 1937 – James Lee, Canadian businessman and politician, 26th Premier of Prince Edward Island
    • 1938 – Norman Ackroyd, English painter and illustrator
    • 1938 – Anthony James Leggett, English-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1940 – James Caan, American actor and singer
    • 1940 – Nancy Pelosi, American lawyer and politician, 60th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
    • 1941 – Richard Dawkins, Kenyan-English ethologist, biologist, and academic
    • 1941 – Lella Lombardi, Italian racing driver (d. 1992)
    • 1942 – Erica Jong, American novelist and poet
    • 1943 – Mustafa Kalemli, Turkish physician and politician, Turkish Minister of the Interior
    • 1943 – Bob Woodward, American journalist and author
    • 1944 – Diana Ross, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
    • 1945 – Paul Bérenger, Mauritian politician, Prime Minister of Mauritius
    • 1945 – Mikhail Voronin, Russian gymnast and coach (d. 2004)
    • 1946 – Johnny Crawford, American actor and singer
    • 1946 – Alain Madelin, French politician, French Minister of Finance
    • 1947 – Subhash Kak, Indian-American professor and author
    • 1947 – John Rowles, New Zealand-Australian singer-songwriter
    • 1948 – Kyung-wha Chung, South Korean violinist and educator
    • 1948 – Richard Tandy, English pianist and keyboard player (Electric Light Orchestra)
    • 1948 – Steven Tyler, American singer-songwriter and actor
    • 1949 – Jon English, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2016)
    • 1949 – Rudi Koertzen, South African cricketer and umpire
    • 1949 – Vicki Lawrence, American actress, comedian, talk show host, and singer
    • 1949 – Fran Sheehan, American bass player
    • 1949 – Patrick Süskind, German author and screenwriter
    • 1949 – Ernest Lee Thomas, American actor
    • 1950 – Teddy Pendergrass, American singer-songwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1950 – Graham Barlow, English cricketer
    • 1950 – Martin Short, Canadian-American actor, screenwriter, and producer
    • 1950 – Alan Silvestri, American composer and conductor
    • 1951 – Željko Pavličević, Croatian professional basketball coach and former professional player
    • 1951 – Carl Wieman, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1952 – Didier Pironi, French racing driver (d. 1987)
    • 1953 – Lincoln Chafee, American academic and politician, 74th Governor of Rhode Island
    • 1953 – Elaine Chao, Taiwanese-American banker and politician, 24th United States Secretary of Labor
    • 1953 – Tatyana Providokhina, Russian runner
    • 1954 – Clive Palmer, Australian businessman and politician
    • 1954 – Curtis Sliwa, American talk show host and activist, founded Guardian Angels
    • 1954 – Dorothy Porter, Australian poet and playwright (d. 2008)
    • 1956 – Charly McClain, American country singer
    • 1956 – Park Won-soon, South Korean lawyer and politician, 35th Mayor of Seoul
    • 1957 – Fiona Bruce, Scottish lawyer and politician
    • 1957 – Leeza Gibbons, American talk show host and television personality
    • 1957 – Paul Morley, English journalist, producer, and author
    • 1957 – Shirin Neshat, Iranian visual artist
    • 1958 – Elio de Angelis, Italian racing driver (d. 1986)
    • 1960 – Marcus Allen, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1960 – Jennifer Grey, American actress and dancer
    • 1960 – Graeme Rutjes, Australian-Dutch footballer
    • 1961 – William Hague, English historian and politician, First Secretary of State
    • 1962 – Richard Coles, English pianist, saxophonist, and priest
    • 1962 – Kevin Seitzer, American baseball player and coach
    • 1962 – Yuri Gidzenko, Russian pilot and cosmonaut
    • 1962 – John Stockton, American basketball player and coach
    • 1962 – Eric Allan Kramer, American-Canadian actor
    • 1963 – Natsuhiko Kyogoku, Japanese author
    • 1964 – Martin Bella, Australian rugby league player
    • 1964 – Martin Donnelly, Irish racing driver
    • 1964 – Maria Miller, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport
    • 1964 – Ulf Samuelsson, Swedish-American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1965 – Trey Azagthoth, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer
    • 1965 – Violeta Szekely, Romanian runner
    • 1966 – Michael Imperioli, American actor and screenwriter
    • 1967 – Jason Chaffetz, American politician
    • 1968 – Laurent Brochard, French cyclist
    • 1968 – Kenny Chesney, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1968 – James Iha, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1969 – Alessandro Moscardi, Italian rugby player
    • 1970 – Paul Bosvelt, Dutch footballer
    • 1970 – Jelle Goes, Dutch footballer and coach
    • 1970 – Thomas Kyparissis, Greek footballer
    • 1970 – Martin McDonagh, English-born Irish playwright, screenwriter, and director
    • 1971 – Behzad Ghorbani, Iranian zoologist
    • 1971 – Martyn Day, Scottish politician
    • 1971 – Erick Morillo, Colombian-American DJ and producer
    • 1971 – Rennae Stubbs, Australian tennis player and sportscaster
    • 1971 – Paul Williams, English footballer and manager
    • 1972 – Leslie Mann, American actress
    • 1972 – Jason Maxwell, American baseball player
    • 1973 – Larry Page, American computer scientist and businessman, co-founder of Google
    • 1973 – T. R. Knight, American actor
    • 1973 – Matt Burke, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
    • 1974 – Irina Spîrlea, Romanian tennis player
    • 1974 – Vadimas Petrenko, Lithuanian footballer
    • 1974 – Michael Peca, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1976 – Amy Smart, American actress and former model
    • 1976 – Alex Varas, Chilean footballer
    • 1976 – Eirik Verås Larsen, Norwegian sprint kayaker
    • 1977 – Kevin Davies, English footballer
    • 1977 – Bianca Kajlich, American actress
    • 1977 – Sylvain Grenier, Canadian wrestler
    • 1978 – Anastasia Kostaki, Greek basketball player
    • 1979 – Nacho Novo, Spanish footballer
    • 1979 – Ben Blair, New Zealand rugby union footballer
    • 1979 – Hiromi Uehara, Japanese pianist and composer
    • 1979 – Pierre Womé, Cameroonian footballer
    • 1979 – Juliana Paes, Brazilian actress
    • 1980 – Margaret Brennan, American journalist
    • 1980 – Son Ho-young, South Korean singer
    • 1980 – Richie Wellens, English footballer
    • 1981 – Sébastien Centomo, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1981 – Baruch Dego, Ethiopian-Israeli footballer
    • 1981 – Massimo Donati, Italian footballer
    • 1981 – Josh Wilson, American baseball player
    • 1982 – Mikel Arteta, Spanish footballer
    • 1982 – Brendan Ryan, American baseball player
    • 1982 – Nate Kaeding, American football player
    • 1983 – Andreas Hinkel, German footballer
    • 1983 – Floriana Lima, American actress
    • 1983 – Roman Bednář, Czech footballer
    • 1983 – Mike Mondo, American wrestler
    • 1984 – Jimmy Howard, American ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Drew Mitchell, Australian rugby player
    • 1984 – Felix Neureuther, German skier
    • 1984 – Marco Stier, German footballer
    • 1984 – Gregory Strydom, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1984 – Sara Jean Underwood, American model, television host, and actress
    • 1985 – Keira Knightley, English actress
    • 1985 – Matt Grevers, American swimmer
    • 1985 – Jonathan Groff, American actor and singer
    • 1985 – Prosper Utseya, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1986 – Maxime Biset, Belgian footballer
    • 1986 – Rob Kearney, Irish rugby player
    • 1986 – Emma Laine, Finnish tennis player
    • 1987 – Kim Dong-suk, South Korean footballer
    • 1987 – Jermichael Finley, American football player
    • 1987 – Steven Fletcher, Scottish footballer
    • 1989 – Simon Kjær, Danish footballer
    • 1990 – Choi Woo-shik, South Korean actor
    • 1990 – Patrick Ekeng, Cameroonian footballer (d. 2016)
    • 1990 – Yuya Takaki, Japanese idol, singer, dancer, model and actor
    • 1990 – Xiumin, South Korean singer and actor, member of South Korean boy band EXO
    • 1991 – Matt Davidson, American baseball player
    • 1992 – Nina Agdal, Danish model
    • 1992 – Stoffel Vandoorne, Belgian racing driver
    • 1994 – Jed Wallace, English footballer
    • 1996 – Zane Musgrove, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1996 – Kathryn Bernardo, Filipino actress
    • 1998 – Satoko Miyahara, Japanese figure skater
    • 2003 – Bhad Bhabie, American rapper and social media personality

    Deaths on March 26

    • 752 – Pope-elect Stephen
    • 809 – Ludger, Frisian missionary
    • 903 – Sugawara no Michizane, Japanese poet
    • 908 – Ai, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 892)
    • 922 – Mansur Al-Hallaj, Persian mystic and poet (b. 858)
    • 929 – Wang Du, Chinese warlord and governor (jiedushi)
    • 973 – Guntram (“the Rich”), Frankish nobleman
    • 983 – ‘Adud al-Dawla, Iranian ruler (b. 936)
    • 1091 – Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, Andalusian poet
    • 1130 – Sigurd the Crusader, Norwegian king (b. 1090)
    • 1132 – Geoffrey of Vendôme, French cardinal and theologian (b. 1065)
    • 1212 – Sancho I of Portugal (b. 1154)
    • 1242 – William de Forz, 3rd Earl of Albemarle
    • 1324 – Marie de Luxembourg, Queen of France (b. 1304)
    • 1326 – Alessandra Giliani, anatomist (b. c. 1307)
    • 1402 – David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, heir to the throne of Scotland (b. 1378)
    • 1437 – Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, Scottish nobleman and regicide
    • 1517 – Heinrich Isaac, Flemish composer (b. 1450)
    • 1535 – Georg Tannstetter, Austrian mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b. 1482)
    • 1546 – Thomas Elyot, English scholar and diplomat (b. 1490)
    • 1566 – Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish organist and composer (b. 1510)
    • 1625 – Giambattista Marini, Italian poet (b. 1569)
    • 1649 – John Winthrop, English lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
    • 1679 – Johannes Schefferus, Swedish historian and author (b. 1621)
    • 1697 – Godfrey McCulloch, Scottish politician (b. 1640)
    • 1726 – John Vanbrugh, English playwright and architect, designed Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard (b. 1664)
    • 1772 – Charles Pinot Duclos, French author and politician (b. 1704)
    • 1776 – Samuel Ward, American jurist and politician, 31st Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island (b. 1725)
    • 1780 – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1713)
    • 1793 – John Mudge, English physician and engineer (b. 1721)
    • 1797 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist and physician (b. 1726)
    • 1814 – Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French physician and politician (b. 1738)
    • 1827 – Ludwig van Beethoven, German pianist and composer (b. 1770)
    • 1858 – John Addison Thomas, American lieutenant, engineer, and politician, 3rd United States Assistant Secretary of State (b. 1811)
    • 1862 – Uriah P. Levy, American commander (b. 1792)
    • 1881 – Roman Sanguszko, Polish general and activist (b. 1800)
    • 1885 – Anson Stager, American general and businessman, co-founded Western Union (b. 1825)
    • 1888 – Barghash bin Said of Zanzibar (b. 1837)
    • 1892 – Walt Whitman, American poet, essayist, and journalist (b. 1819)
    • 1902 – Cecil Rhodes, English-South African colonialist, businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cape Colony (b. 1853)
    • 1905 – Maurice Barrymore, American actor (b. 1849)
    • 1910 – Auguste Charlois, French astronomer (b. 1864)
    • 1920 – William Chester Minor, American surgeon and lexicographer (b. 1834)
    • 1923 – Sarah Bernhardt, French actress and screenwriter (b. 1844)
    • 1926 – Constantin Fehrenbach, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1852)
    • 1932 – Henry M. Leland, American machinist, inventor, engineer, automotive entrepreneur and founded of Cadillac and Lincoln (b. 1843)
    • 1934 – John Biller, American jumper and discus thrower (b. 1877)
    • 1940 – Wilhelm Anderson, German-Estonian astrophysicist (b. 1880)
    • 1940 – Spyridon Louis, Greek runner (b. 1873)
    • 1942 – Jimmy Burke, American baseball player and manager (b. 1874)
    • 1942 – Carolyn Wells, American novelist and poet (b. 1862)
    • 1945 – David Lloyd George, English-Welsh lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1863)
    • 1951 – James F. Hinkle, American banker and politician, 6th Governor of New Mexico (b. 1864)
    • 1954 – Charles Perrin, French rower (b. 1875)
    • 1957 – Édouard Herriot, French politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1872)
    • 1958 – Phil Mead, English cricketer and footballer (b. 1887)
    • 1959 – Raymond Chandler, American crime novelist and screenwriter (b. 1888)
    • 1966 – Victor Hochepied, French swimmer (b. 1883)
    • 1969 – John Kennedy Toole, American novelist (b. 1937)
    • 1973 – Noël Coward, English playwright, actor, and composer (b. 1899)
    • 1973 – Johnny Drake, American football player (b. 1916)
    • 1979 – Beauford Delaney, American-French painter (b. 1901)
    • 1979 – Jean Stafford, American author and academic (b. 1915)
    • 1980 – Roland Barthes, French linguist and critic (b. 1915)
    • 1983 – Anthony Blunt, English historian and spy (b. 1907)
    • 1984 – Ahmed Sékou Touré, Guinean politician, 1st President of Guinea (b. 1922)
    • 1987 – Eugen Jochum, German conductor (b. 1902)
    • 1987 – Walter Abel, American actor (b. 1898)
    • 1990 – Halston, American fashion designer (b. 1932)
    • 1992 – Barbara Frum, American-Canadian journalist and radio host (b. 1937)
    • 1993 – Louis Falco, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1942)
    • 1995 – Eazy-E, American rapper and producer (b. 1964)
    • 1996 – Edmund Muskie, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 58th United States Secretary of State (b. 1914)
    • 1996 – David Packard, American engineer and businessman, co-founded Hewlett-Packard (b. 1912)
    • 2000 – Alex Comfort, English physician and author (b. 1920)
    • 2002 – Randy Castillo, American drummer and songwriter (b. 1950)
    • 2003 – Daniel Patrick Moynihan, American sociologist and politician, 12th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1927)
    • 2004 – Jan Sterling, American actress (b. 1921)
    • 2005 – James Callaghan, English lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1912)
    • 2005 – Frederick Rotimi Williams, Nigerian lawyer and politician (b. 1920)
    • 2006 – Anil Biswas, Indian journalist and politician (b. 1944)
    • 2006 – Paul Dana, American racing driver (b. 1975)
    • 2006 – Nikki Sudden, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1956)
    • 2008 – Robert Fagles, American poet and academic (b. 1933)
    • 2008 – Manuel Marulanda, Colombian rebel leader (b. 1930)
    • 2009 – Shane McConkey, Canadian skier and BASE jumper (b. 1969)
    • 2009 – Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and composer (b. 1926)
    • 2010 – Charles Ryskamp, American art collector and curator (b. 1928)
    • 2011 – Roger Abbott, English-Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1946)
    • 2011 – Geraldine Ferraro, American lawyer and politician (b. 1935)
    • 2011 – Diana Wynne Jones, English author (b. 1934)
    • 2012 – Sisto Averno, American football player (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Michael Begley, Irish carpenter and politician (b. 1932)
    • 2012 – Thomas M. Cover, American theorist and academic (b. 1938)
    • 2012 – David Craighead, American organist and educator (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Manik Godghate, Indian poet and educator (b. 1937)
    • 2012 – Helmer Ringgren, Swedish theologian and academic (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Tom Boerwinkle, American basketball player and sportscaster (b. 1945)
    • 2013 – Krzysztof Kozłowski, Polish journalist and politician, Polish Minister of Interior (b. 1931)
    • 2013 – Dave Leggett, American baseball player (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Don Payne, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1964)
    • 2014 – Roger Birkman, American psychologist and author (b. 1919)
    • 2014 – Dick Guidry, American businessman and politician (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Marcus Kimball, Baron Kimball, English politician (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Dinkha IV, Iraqi patriarch (b. 1935)
    • 2015 – Friedrich L. Bauer, German mathematician, computer scientist, and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2015 – Tomas Tranströmer, Swedish poet, translator, and psychologist Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1931)
    • 2016 – Jim Harrison, American novelist, essayist, and poet (b. 1937)
    • 2018 – Fabrizio Frizzi, Italian television presenter (b. 1958)

    Holidays and observances on March 26

    • Christian feast days:
      • Castulus
      • Emmanuel and companions
      • Felicitas
      • Harriet Monsell (Church of England)
      • Larissa
      • Ludger
      • Richard Allen (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • March 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Independence Day and National Day (Bangladesh), celebrates the declaration of independence from Pakistan in 1971.
    • Martyr’s Day or Day of Democracy (Mali)
    • Prince Kūhiō Day (Hawaii, United States)
    • Purple Day (Canada and United States)
    • Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel (Eastern Christianity)

  • March 20- History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    Typically the March equinox falls on March 20, marking the vernal point in the Northern Hemisphere and the autumnal point in the Southern Hemisphere.

    • 235 – Maximinus Thrax is proclaimed emperor.
    • 673 – Emperor Tenmu of Japan assumes the Chrysanthemum Throne at the Palace of Kiyomihara in Asuka.
    • 1206 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
    • 1600 – The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish noblemen are publicly beheaded in the aftermath of the War against Sigismund (1598–1599).
    • 1602 – The Dutch East India Company is established.
    • 1616 – Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment.
    • 1760 – The Great Boston Fire of 1760 destroys 349 buildings.
    • 1815 – After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his “Hundred Days” rule.
    • 1848 – German revolutions of 1848–49: King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates.
    • 1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published.
    • 1854 – The Republican Party of the United States is organized in Ripon, Wisconsin, US.
    • 1861 – An earthquake destroys Mendoza, Argentina.
    • 1883 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is signed.
    • 1888 – The premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia.
    • 1890 – Prime Minister of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck is dismissed by Emperor Wilhelm II.
    • 1896 – With the approval of Emperor Guangxu, the Qing dynasty post office is opened, marking the beginning of a postal service in China.
    • 1913 – Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days later.
    • 1915 – Albert Einstein publishes his general theory of relativity.
    • 1921 – The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a plebiscite mandated by the Versailles Treaty to determine a section of the border between Weimar Germany and Poland.
    • 1922 – The USS Langley is commissioned as the first United States Navy aircraft carrier.
    • 1923 – The Arts Club of Chicago hosts the opening of Pablo Picasso’s first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the United States.
    • 1933 – Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler ordered the creation of Dachau concentration camp as Chief of Police of Munich and appointed Theodor Eicke as the camp commandant.
    • 1942 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur, at Terowie, South Australia, makes his famous speech regarding the fall of the Philippines, in which he says: “I came out of Bataan and I shall return”.
    • 1948 – With a Musicians Union ban lifted, the first telecasts of classical music in the United States, under Eugene Ormandy and Arturo Toscanini, are given on CBS and NBC.
    • 1951 – Fujiyoshida, a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, in the center of the Japanese main island of Honshū is founded.
    • 1952 – The US Senate ratifies the Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan.
    • 1956 – Tunisia gains independence from France.
    • 1964 – The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organisation) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
    • 1972 – The Troubles: The first Provisional IRA car bombing in Belfast kills seven people and injures 148 others in Northern Ireland.
    • 1985 – Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the 1,135-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
    • 1985 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation of the globe in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.
    • 1987 – The Food and Drug Administration approves the anti-AIDS drug, AZT.
    • 1988 – Eritrean War of Independence: Having defeated the Nadew Command, the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front enters the town of Afabet, victoriously concluding the Battle of Afabet.
    • 1990 – Ferdinand Marcos’s widow, Imelda Marcos, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering.
    • 1993 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA bomb kills two children in Warrington, England. It leads to mass protests in both Britain and Ireland.
    • 1995 – The Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo carries out a sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway, killing 13 and wounding over 6,200 people.
    • 1999 – Legoland California, the first Legoland outside of Europe, opens in Carlsbad, California, US.
    • 2000 – Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther once known as H. Rap Brown, is captured after murdering Georgia sheriff’s deputy Ricky Kinchen and critically wounding Deputy Aldranon English.
    • 2003 – Invasion of Iraq: In the early hours of the morning, the United States and three other countries (the UK, Australia and Poland) begin military operations in Iraq.
    • 2006 – Over 150 Chadian soldiers are killed in eastern Chad by members of the rebel UFDC. The rebel movement sought to overthrow Chadian president Idriss Déby.
    • 2012 – At least 52 people are killed and more than 250 injured in a wave of terror attacks across ten cities in Iraq.
    • 2014 – Four suspected Taliban members attack the Kabul Serena Hotel, killing at least nine people.
    • 2015 – A Solar eclipse, equinox, and a supermoon all occur on the same day.

    Births on March 20

    • 43 BC – Ovid, Roman poet (d. 17)
    • 1253 – Magadu, renamed Wareru, founder of Ramanya Kingdom, renamed Hanthawady Kingdom of Pegu (b. a commoner; d. on a Saturday in January 1307)
    • 1319 – Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1348)
    • 1469 – Cecily of York (d. 1507)
    • 1477 – Jerome Emser, German theologian and scholar (d. 1527)
    • 1479 – Ippolito d’Este, Italian cardinal (d. 1520)
    • 1502 – Pierino Belli, Italian soldier and jurist (d. 1575)
    • 1532 – Juan de Ribera, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1611)
    • 1612 – Anne Bradstreet, Puritan American poet (d. 1672)
    • 1615 – Dara Shikoh, Indian prince (d. 1659)
    • 1639 – Ivan Mazepa, Ukrainian diplomat, Hetman of Ukraine (d. 1709)
    • 1725 – Abdul Hamid I, Ottoman sultan (d. 1789)
    • 1737 – Rama I, Thai king (d. 1809)
    • 1771 – Heinrich Clauren, German author (d. 1854)
    • 1796 – Edward Gibbon Wakefield, English politician (d. 1862)
    • 1799 – Karl August Nicander, Swedish poet and author (d. 1839)
    • 1800 – Braulio Carrillo Colina, Costa Rican lawyer and politician, President of Costa Rica (d. 1845)
    • 1805 – Thomas Cooper, British poet (d. 1892)
    • 1811 – Napoleon II, French emperor (d. 1832)
    • 1811 – George Caleb Bingham, American painter and politician, State Treasurer of Missouri (d. 1879)
    • 1821 – Ned Buntline, American journalist, author, and publisher (d. 1886)
    • 1824 – Theodor von Heuglin, German explorer and ornithologist (d. 1876)
    • 1828 – Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian poet, playwright, and director (d. 1906)
    • 1831 – Patrick Jennings, Northern Irish-Australian politician, 11th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1897)
    • 1831 – Solomon L. Spink, American lawyer and politician (d. 1881)
    • 1834 – Charles William Eliot, American mathematician and academic (d. 1926)
    • 1836 – Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American general, lawyer, and politician (d. 1886)
    • 1836 – Edward Poynter, English painter, illustrator, and curator (d. 1919)
    • 1840 – Illarion Pryanishnikov, Russian painter (d. 1894)
    • 1851 – Ismail Gasprinski, Ukrainian educator, publisher, and politician (d. 1914)
    • 1856 – John Lavery, Irish painter (d. 1941)
    • 1856 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American tennis player and engineer (d. 1915)
    • 1870 – Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (d. 1964)
    • 1874 – Börries von Münchhausen, German poet and activist (d. 1945)
    • 1876 – Payne Whitney, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1927)
    • 1879 – Maud Menten, Canadian physician and biochemist (d. 1960)
    • 1882 – René Coty, French lawyer and politician, 17th President of France (d. 1962)
    • 1882 – Harold Weber, American golfer (d. 1933)
    • 1884 – Philipp Frank, Austrian-American physicist, mathematician, and philosopher (d. 1966)
    • 1884 – John Jensen, Australian public servant (d. 1970)
    • 1885 – Vernon Ransford, Australian cricketer (d. 1958)
    • 1888 – Amanda Clement, American baseball player, umpire, and educator (d. 1971)
    • 1890 – Lauritz Melchior, Danish-American tenor and actor (d. 1973)
    • 1894 – Amalie Sara Colquhoun, Australian landscape and portrait painter (d. 1974)
    • 1895 – Fredric Wertham, German-American psychologist and author (d. 1981)
    • 1898 – Eduard Wiiralt, Estonian artist (d. 1954)
    • 1900 – Amelia Chopitea Villa, Bolivia’s first female physician (d. 1942)
    • 1903 – Edgar Buchanan, American actor (d. 1979)
    • 1904 – B. F. Skinner, American psychologist and author (d. 1990)
    • 1905 – Jean Galia, French rugby player and boxer (d. 1949)
    • 1906 – Abraham Beame, American accountant and politician, 104th Mayor of New York City (d. 2001)
    • 1906 – Ozzie Nelson, American actor and bandleader (d. 1975)
    • 1907 – Hugh MacLennan, Canadian author and educator (d. 1990)
    • 1908 – Michael Redgrave, English actor and director (d. 1985)
    • 1910 – Erwin Blask, German hammer thrower (d. 1999)
    • 1911 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican lawyer and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
    • 1912 – Ralph Hauenstein, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2016)
    • 1913 – Nikolai Stepulov, Russian-Estonian boxer (d. 1968)
    • 1914 – Wendell Corey, American actor and politician (d. 1968)
    • 1915 – Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian judge and politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000)
    • 1915 – Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist and composer (d. 1997)
    • 1915 – Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1973)
    • 1916 – Pierre Messmer, French lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2007)
    • 1917 – Vera Lynn, English singer, songwriter and actress (d. 2020)
    • 1917 – Yigael Yadin, Israeli archaeologist, general, and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1984)
    • 1918 – Jack Barry, American game show host and producer, co-founded Barry & Enright Productions (d. 1984)
    • 1918 – Donald Featherstone, English soldier and author (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Marian McPartland, English-American pianist and composer (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Bernd Alois Zimmermann, German composer (d. 1970)
    • 1919 – Gerhard Barkhorn, German fighter ace (d. 1983)
    • 1920 – Pamela Harriman, English-American diplomat, 58th United States Ambassador to France (d. 1997)
    • 1920 – Rosemary Timperley, English author and screenwriter (d. 1988)
    • 1921 – Usmar Ismail, Indonesian filmmaker (d. 1971)
    • 1921 – Dušan Pirjevec, Slovenian historian and philosopher (d. 1977)
    • 1921 – Alfréd Rényi, Hungarian mathematician and theorist (d. 1970)
    • 1922 – Larry Elgart, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 2017)
    • 1922 – Ray Goulding, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1990)
    • 1922 – Carl Reiner, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2020)
    • 1923 – Con Martin, Irish footballer and manager (d. 2013)
    • 1923 – Shaukat Siddiqui, Pakistani journalist, author, and activist (d. 2006)
    • 1925 – John Ehrlichman, American lawyer, 12th White House Counsel (d. 1999)
    • 1927 – John Joubert, South African-English composer and academic (d. 2019)
    • 1928 – Jerome Biffle, American long jumper and coach (d. 2002)
    • 1928 – James P. Gordon, American physicist and engineer (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Fred Rogers, American television host and producer (d. 2003)
    • 1929 – William Andrew MacKay, Canadian lawyer and judge (d. 2013)
    • 1929 – Germán Robles, Spanish-Mexican actor and director (d. 2015)
    • 1930 – S. Arasaratnam, Sri Lankan historian, author, and academic (d. 1998)
    • 1931 – Hal Linden, American actor, singer, and director
    • 1931 – Rein Raamat, Estonian director and screenwriter
    • 1933 – Lateef Adegbite, Nigerian lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1933 – George Altman, American baseball player
    • 1933 – Ian Walsh, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1934 – Willie Brown, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 41st Mayor of San Francisco
    • 1934 – David Malouf, Australian author and playwright
    • 1935 – Ted Bessell, American actor and director (d. 1996)
    • 1935 – Bettye Washington Greene, American chemist (d. 1995)
    • 1936 – Lee “Scratch” Perry, Jamaican singer, songwriter, music producer, and inventor
    • 1936 – Mark Saville, Baron Saville of Newdigate, English lieutenant, lawyer, and judge
    • 1937 – Lois Lowry, American author
    • 1937 – Jerry Reed, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 2008)
    • 1938 – Sergei Novikov, Russian mathematician and academic
    • 1939 – Gerald Curran, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1939 – Don Edwards, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1939 – Walter Jakob Gehring, Swiss biologist and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1939 – Brian Mulroney, Canadian lawyer and politician, 18th Prime Minister of Canada
    • 1940 – Stathis Chaitas, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1940 – Mary Ellen Mark, American photographer and journalist (d. 2015)
    • 1940 – Giampiero Moretti, Italian race car driver and businessman, founded the Momo company (d. 2012)
    • 1941 – Pat Corrales, American baseball player and manager
    • 1941 – Kenji Kimihara, Japanese runner
    • 1943 – Gerard Malanga, American poet and photographer
    • 1943 – Douglas Tompkins, American businessman, co-founded The North Face and Esprit Holdings (d. 2015)
    • 1943 – Paul Junger Witt, American director and producer (d. 2018)
    • 1944 – John Cameron, English composer and conductor
    • 1944 – Camille Cosby, American author, producer, and philanthropist
    • 1944 – Alan Harper, English-Irish archbishop
    • 1945 – Henry Bartholomay, American soldier and pilot (d. 2015)
    • 1945 – Jay Ingram, Canadian television host and author
    • 1945 – Pat Riley, American basketball player and coach
    • 1945 – Tim Yeo, English politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Health
    • 1946 – Douglas B. Green, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1946 – Malcolm Simmons, English motorcycle racer (d. 2014)
    • 1947 – John Boswell, American historian, philologist, and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1948 – John de Lancie, American actor
    • 1948 – Bobby Orr, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1948 – Nikos Papazoglou, Greek singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2011)
    • 1949 – Marcia Ball, American blues singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1949 – Richard Dowden, English journalist and educator
    • 1950 – William Hurt, American actor
    • 1950 – Carl Palmer, English drummer, percussionist, and songwriter
    • 1951 – Jimmie Vaughan, American blues-rock singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1952 – Geoff Brabham, Australian race car driver
    • 1952 – David Greenaway, English economist and academic
    • 1953 – Phil Judd, New Zealand singer-songwriter, guitarist and painter
    • 1954 – Mike Francesa, American radio talk show host and television commentator
    • 1954 – Liana Kanelli, Greek journalist and politician
    • 1954 – Paul Mirabella, American baseball player
    • 1955 – Nina Kiriki Hoffman, American author
    • 1955 – Ian Moss, Australian guitarist and singer-songwriter
    • 1955 – Mariya Takeuchi, Japanese singer-songwriter
    • 1956 – Catherine Ashton, English politician, Vice-President of the European Commission
    • 1956 – Anne Donahue, American lawyer and politician
    • 1956 – Naoto Takenaka, Japanese actor, comedian, singer, and director
    • 1957 – Vanessa Bell Calloway, American actress
    • 1957 – David Foster, Australian woodchopper
    • 1957 – Spike Lee, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1957 – Theresa Russell, American actress
    • 1957 – Chris Wedge, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor
    • 1958 – Holly Hunter, American actress and producer
    • 1958 – Rickey Jackson, American football player
    • 1958 – Joe Reaiche, Australian rugby player
    • 1959 – Dave Beasant, English footballer and coach
    • 1959 – Mary Roach, American author
    • 1959 – Sting, American wrestler
    • 1959 – Peter Truscott, Baron Truscott, British Labour Party politician and peer
    • 1960 – Norm Magnusson, American painter and sculptor
    • 1960 – Norbert Pohlmann, German computer scientist and academic
    • 1960 – Yuri Shargin, Russian colonel, engineer, and astronaut
    • 1961 – Ingrid Arndt-Brauer, German politician
    • 1961 – Jesper Olsen, Danish footballer and manager
    • 1961 – Sara Wheeler, English author and journalist
    • 1962 – Stephen Sommers, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1963 – Paul Annacone, American tennis player and coach
    • 1963 – Kathy Ireland, American model, actress, and furniture designer
    • 1963 – Yelena Romanova, Russian runner (d. 2007)
    • 1963 – David Thewlis, English-French actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1964 – Natacha Atlas, Belgian singer-songwriter
    • 1965 – William Dalrymple, Scottish historian and author
    • 1967 – Xavier Beauvois, French actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1967 – Mookie Blaylock, American basketball player
    • 1968 – Carlos Almeida, Cape Verdean runner
    • 1968 – A. J. Jacobs, American journalist and author
    • 1968 – Paul Merson, English footballer and manager
    • 1968 – Ultra Naté, American singer, songwriter, record producer, DJ, and promoter
    • 1969 – Yvette Cooper, English economist and politician, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
    • 1969 – Fabien Galthie, French rugby player
    • 1970 – Edoardo Ballerini, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1970 – Josephine Medina, Filipino Paralympic table tennis player
    • 1970 – sj Miller, American academic, public speaker, and social justice activist
    • 1970 – Michael Rapaport, American actor, podcast host, and director
    • 1971 – Manny Alexander, Dominican baseball player
    • 1971 – Touré, American journalist and author
    • 1972 – Chilly Gonzales, Canadian-German singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
    • 1972 – Alex Kapranos, English-Scottish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1972 – Greg Searle, English rower
    • 1972 – Marco Sejna, German footballer
    • 1972 – Cristel Vahtra, Estonian skier
    • 1973 – Nicky Boje, South African cricketer
    • 1973 – Natalya Khrushcheleva, Russian runner
    • 1973 – Talal Khalifa Aljeri, Kuwaiti businessman
    • 1974 – Carsten Ramelow, German footballer
    • 1975 – Ramin Bahrani, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1975 – Isolde Kostner, Italian skier
    • 1976 – Chester Bennington, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2017)
    • 1978 – Kevin Betsy, English born Seychelles international footballer, midfielder and manager
    • 1978 – Brent Sherwin, Australian rugby league player
    • 1979 – Shinnosuke Abe, Japanese baseball player
    • 1979 – Freema Agyeman, English actress
    • 1979 – Keven Mealamu, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1980 – Jamal Crawford, American basketball player
    • 1980 – Robertas Javtokas, Lithuanian basketball player
    • 1981 – Ian Murray, Scottish footballer
    • 1981 – Carl Webb, Australian rugby league player
    • 1982 – Terrence Duffin, Zimbabwean cricketer
    • 1982 – Tomasz Kuszczak, Polish footballer
    • 1982 – José Moreira, Portuguese footballer
    • 1983 – Carolina Padrón, Venezuelan journalist
    • 1983 – Jenni Vartiainen, Finnish singer
    • 1984 – Vikram Banerjee, English cricketer
    • 1984 – Christy Carlson Romano, American actress and singer
    • 1984 – Fernando Torres, Spanish footballer
    • 1985 – Morgan Amalfitano, French footballer
    • 1985 – Ronnie Brewer, American basketball player
    • 1985 – Nicolas Lombaerts, Belgian footballer
    • 1986 – Dean Geyer, South African-Australian singer-songwriter and actor
    • 1986 – Julián Magallanes, Argentinian footballer
    • 1986 – Ruby Rose, Australian actress and model
    • 1986 – Román Torres, Panamanian footballer
    • 1987 – Daniel Maa Boumsong, Cameroonian footballer
    • 1987 – Jô, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Pedro Ken, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Sergei Kostitsyn, Belarusian ice hockey player
    • 1989 – Xavier Dolan, Canadian actor and director
    • 1989 – Tamim Iqbal, Bangladeshi Cricketer
    • 1990 – Blake Ferguson, Australian rugby league player
    • 1990 – Marcos Rojo, Argentine footballer
    • 1991 – Mattia Destro, Italian footballer
    • 1991 – Michał Kucharczyk, Polish footballer
    • 1991 – Ethan Lowe, Australian rugby league player
    • 1993 – Sloane Stephens, American tennis player
    • 1995 – Jack Bird, Australian rugby league player

    Deaths on March 20

    • 687 – Cuthbert, Northumbrian (English) monk, bishop, and saint (b. 634)
    • 703 – Wulfram, archbishop of Sens
    • 842 – Alfonso II, king of Asturias (Spain) (b. 759)
    • 851 – Ebbo, archbishop of Reims
    • 1181 – Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese general (b. 1118)
    • 1191 – Pope Clement III (b. 1130)
    • 1239 – Hermann von Salza, German knight and diplomat (b. 1179)
    • 1302 – Ralph Walpole, Bishop of Norwich
    • 1336 – Maurice Csák, Hungarian Dominican friar (b. 1270)
    • 1351 – Muhammad bin Tughluq, Sultan of Delhi
    • 1390 – Alexios III Megas Komnenos, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1338)
    • 1413 – Henry IV of England (b. 1367)
    • 1440 – Sigismund I of Lithuania
    • 1475 – Georges Chastellain, Burgundian chronicler and poet
    • 1549 – Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley, English general and politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (b. 1508)
    • 1568 – Albert, Duke of Prussia (b. 1490)
    • 1619 – Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1557)
    • 1673 – Augustyn Kordecki, Polish monk (b. 1603)
    • 1688 – Maria of Orange-Nassau, Dutch princess (b. 1642)
    • 1730 – Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (b. 1692)
    • 1746 – Nicolas de Largillière, French painter and academic (b. 1656)
    • 1780 – Benjamin Truman, English brewer and businessman (b. 1699)
    • 1793 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (b. 1705)
    • 1835 – Louis Léopold Robert, French painter (b. 1794)
    • 1849 – James Justinian Morier, Turkish-English author and diplomat (b. 1780)
    • 1855 – Joseph Aspdin, English businessman (b. 1788)
    • 1865 – Yamanami Keisuke, Japanese samurai (b. 1833)
    • 1874 – Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer and conductor (b. 1810)
    • 1878 – Julius Robert von Mayer, German physician and physicist (b. 1814)
    • 1894 – Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian lawyer, journalist and politician (b. 1802)
    • 1897 – Apollon Maykov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1821)
    • 1899 – Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist and author (b. 1822)
    • 1909 – Friedrich Amelung, Estonian historian and businessman (b. 1842)
    • 1918 – Lewis A. Grant, American general and lawyer (b. 1828)
    • 1925 – George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, English politician, 35th Governor-General of India (b. 1859)
    • 1929 – Ferdinand Foch, French field marshal (b. 1851)
    • 1930 – Arthur F. Andrews, American cyclist (b. 1876)
    • 1931 – Hermann Müller, German journalist and politician, 12th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
    • 1933 – Giuseppe Zangara, Italian-American assassin of Anton Cermak (b. 1900; executed)
    • 1940 – Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (b. 1860)
    • 1945 – Dorothy Campbell, Scottish-American golfer (b. 1883)
    • 1946 – Amadeus William Grabau, American-Chinese geologist, paleontologist, and academic (b. 1870)
    • 1947 – Sigurd Wallén, Swedish actor and director (b. 1884)
    • 1952 – Hjalmar Väre, Finnish cyclist (b. 1892)
    • 1958 – Adegoke Adelabu, Nigerian merchant, journalist, and politician (b. 1915)
    • 1964 – Brendan Behan, Irish republican and playwright (b. 1923)
    • 1965 – Daniel Frank, American long jumper (b. 1882)
    • 1966 – Johnny Morrison, American baseball player (b. 1895)
    • 1968 – Carl Theodor Dreyer, Danish director and screenwriter (b. 1889)
    • 1969 – Henri Longchambon, French politician (b. 1896)
    • 1971 – Falih Rıfkı Atay, Turkish journalist and politician (b. 1894)
    • 1972 – Marilyn Maxwell, American actress (b. 1921)
    • 1974 – Chet Huntley, American journalist (b. 1911)
    • 1977 – Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham, English politician, 9th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1909)
    • 1977 – Terukuni Manzō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 38th Yokozuna (b. 1919)
    • 1978 – Jacques Brugnon, French tennis player (b. 1895)
    • 1981 – Gerry Bertier, American football player (b. 1953)
    • 1983 – Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1891)
    • 1990 – Maurice Cloche, French director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1907)
    • 1990 – Lev Yashin, Russian footballer (b. 1929)
    • 1992 – Georges Delerue, French composer (b. 1925)
    • 1993 – Polykarp Kusch, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
    • 1994 – Lewis Grizzard, American writer and humorist (b. 1946)
    • 1997 – V. S. Pritchett, English short story writer, essayist, and critic (b. 1900)
    • 1999 – Patrick Heron, British painter (b. 1920)
    • 2000 – Gene Eugene, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1961)
    • 2001 – Luis Alvarado, Puerto Rican-American baseball player (b. 1949)
    • 2004 – Juliana of the Netherlands (b. 1909)
    • 2004 – Pierre Sévigny, Canadian colonel and politician (b. 1917)
    • 2005 – Armand Lohikoski, American-Finnish director and screenwriter (b. 1912)
    • 2007 – Raynald Fréchette, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1933)
    • 2007 – Taha Yassin Ramadan, Iraqi politician, Vice President of Iraq (b. 1938)
    • 2007 – Hawa Yakubu, Ghanaian politician (b. 1948)
    • 2010 – Ai, American poet and academic (b. 1947)
    • 2010 – Girija Prasad Koirala, Indian-Nepalese politician, 30th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1924)
    • 2010 – Stewart Udall, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 37th United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1920)
    • 2011 – Johnny Pearson, English pianist, conductor, and composer (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Lincoln Hall, Australian mountaineer and author (b. 1955)
    • 2012 – Noboru Ishiguro, Japanese animator and director (b. 1938)
    • 2012 – Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg, Polish-Israeli rabbi and author (b. 1910)
    • 2012 – Jim Stynes, Irish-Australian footballer (b. 1966)
    • 2013 – James Herbert, English author (b. 1943)
    • 2013 – George Lowe, New Zealand-English mountaineer and explorer (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Zillur Rahman, Bangladeshi lawyer and politician, 19th President of Bangladesh (b. 1929)
    • 2014 – Hennie Aucamp, South African poet, author, and academic (b. 1934)
    • 2014 – Hilderaldo Bellini, Brazilian footballer (b. 1930)
    • 2014 – Tonie Nathan, American politician (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Khushwant Singh, Indian journalist and author (b. 1915)
    • 2015 – Eva Burrows, Australian 13th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Malcolm Fraser, Australian politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1930)
    • 2016 – Anker Jørgensen, Danish politician, Prime Minister of Denmark (b. 1922)
    • 2017 – David Rockefeller, American billionaire and philanthropist (b. 1915)
    • 2018 – C. K. Mann, a Ghanaian Highlife musician and producer (b. 1936)
    • 2019 – Mary Warnock, English philosopher & writer (b. 1924)
    • 2020 – Kenny Rogers, American singer (b. 1938)

    Holidays and observances on March 20

    • Christian feast day:
      • Alexandra
      • Blessed John of Parma
      • Clement of Ireland
      • Cuthbert of Lindisfarne
      • Herbert of Derwentwater
      • John of Nepomuk
      • Józef Bilczewski
      • María Josefa Sancho de Guerra
      • Martin of Braga
      • Michele Carcano
      • Wulfram
      • March 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest date for the vernal equinox in the Northern hemisphere:
      • Bahá’í Naw-Rúz, started at sunset on March 20. The end of the 19-day sunrise-to-sunset fast. (Bahá’í Faith)
      • Chunfen (China)
      • Earth Equinox Day
      • International Astrology Day
      • New Year (Thelema)
      • Nowruz (Persian, Gilaki, Kurdish, Zoroastrians, and other Iranian people and countries with an Iranian influence)
      • Ostara in the northern hemisphere, Mabon in the southern hemisphere. (Neo-Druidic Wheel of the Year)
      • Shunbun no Hi (Japan)
      • Sun-Earth Day (United States)
      • Vernal Equinox Day/Kōreisai (Japan)
      • World Storytelling Day
    • Earliest day on which Good Friday can fall, while April 23 is the latest; celebrated on Friday before Easter. (Christianity)
    • Great American Meatout (United States)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Tunisia from France in 1956.
    • International Day of Happiness (United Nations)
    • International Francophonie Day (Organisation internationale de la Francophonie), and its related observances:
      • UN French Language Day (United Nations)
    • National Native HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (United States)
    • World Sparrow Day

  • February 10 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
    • 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn sparking the revolution in the Wars of Scottish Independence.
    • 1355 – The St Scholastica Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days.
    • 1502 – Vasco da Gama sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on his second voyage to India.
    • 1567 – Lord Darnley, second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, is found strangled following an explosion at the Kirk o’ Field house in Edinburgh, Scotland, a suspected assassination.
    • 1712 – Huilliches in Chiloé rebel against Spanish encomenderos.
    • 1763 – French and Indian War: The Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Quebec to Great Britain.
    • 1814 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Champaubert ends in French victory over the Russians and the Prussians.
    • 1840 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
    • 1846 – First Anglo-Sikh War: Battle of Sobraon: British defeat Sikhs in the final battle of the war.
    • 1861 – Jefferson Davis is notified by telegraph that he has been chosen as provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
    • 1862 – American Civil War: A Union naval flotilla destroys the bulk of the Confederate Mosquito Fleet in the Battle of Elizabeth City on the Pasquotank River in North Carolina.
    • 1906 – HMS Dreadnought, the first of a revolutionary new breed of battleships is christened and launched by King Edward VII.
    • 1920 – Józef Haller de Hallenburg performs symbolic wedding of Poland to the sea, celebrating restitution of Polish access to open sea.
    • 1920 – About 75 % of the population in Zone I votes to join Denmark in the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites.
    • 1923 – Texas Tech University is founded as Texas Technological College in Lubbock, Texas
    • 1930 – The Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng launches the failed Yên Bái mutiny in hope to overthrow French protectorate over Vietnam.
    • 1933 – In round 13 of a boxing match at New York City’s Madison Square Garden, Primo Carnera knocks out Ernie Schaaf. Schaaf dies four days later.
    • 1936 – Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italian troops launched the Battle of Amba Aradam against Ethiopian defenders.
    • 1939 – Spanish Civil War: The Nationalists conclude their conquest of Catalonia and seal the border with France.
    • 1940 – The Soviet Union begins mass deportations of Polish citizens from occupied eastern Poland to Siberia.
    • 1940 – Cartoon characters Tom and Jerry make their debut with Puss Gets the Boot.
    • 1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese Army capture Banjarmasin, capital of Borneo in Dutch East Indies.
    • 1943 – World War II: Attempting to completely lift the Siege of Leningrad, the Soviet Red Army engages German troops and Spanish volunteers in the Battle of Krasny Bor.
    • 1947 – The Paris Peace Treaties are signed by Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Finland and the Allies of World War II.
    • 1954 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower warns against United States intervention in Vietnam.
    • 1962 – Cold War: Captured American U2 spy-plane pilot Gary Powers is exchanged for captured Soviet spy Rudolf Abel.
    • 1962 – Roy Lichtenstein’s first solo exhibition opened, and it included Look Mickey, which featured his first employment of Ben-Day dots, speech balloons and comic imagery sourcing, all of which he is now known for.
    • 1964 – Melbourne–Voyager collision: The aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne collides with and sinks the destroyer HMAS Voyager off the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, killing 82.
    • 1967 – The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified.
    • 1972 – Ras Al Khaimah joins the United Arab Emirates, now making up seven emirates.
    • 1984 – Kenyan soldiers kill an estimated 5000 ethnic Somali Kenyans in the Wagalla massacre.
    • 1989 – Ron Brown is elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee becoming the first African American to lead a major American political party.
    • 1996 – IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov in chess for the first time.
    • 2003 – France and Belgium break the NATO procedure of silent approval concerning the timing of protective measures for Turkey in case of a possible war with Iraq.
    • 2007 – Then Illinois senator Barack Obama announces his candidacy for president in the 2008 elections, which he later goes on to win.
    • 2009 – The communications satellites Iridium 33 and Kosmos 2251 collide in orbit, destroying both.
    • 2013 – Thirty-six people are killed and 39 others are injured in a stampede in Allahabad, India, during the Kumbh Mela festival.
    • 2016 – South Korea decides to stop the operation of the Kaesong joint industrial complex with North Korea in response to the launch of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4.
    • 2018 – 19 people are killed and 66 injured when a Kowloon Motor Bus double-decker on route 872 in Hong Kong overturns.

    Births on February 10

    • 1486 – George of the Palatinate, German bishop (d. 1529)
    • 1499 – Thomas Platter, Swiss author and scholar (d. 1582)
    • 1514 – Domenico Bollani, Bishop of Milan (d. 1579)
    • 1606 – Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy (d. 1663)
    • 1609 – John Suckling, English poet and playwright (d. 1642)
    • 1627 – Cornelis de Bie, Flemish poet and jurist (d. 1715)
    • 1685 – Aaron Hill, English poet and playwright (d. 1750)
    • 1696 – Johann Melchior Molter, German violinist and composer (d. 1765)
    • 1744 – William Cornwallis, English admiral and politician (d. 1819)
    • 1766 – Benjamin Smith Barton, American botanist and physician (d. 1815)
    • 1775 – Charles Lamb, English poet and essayist (d. 1834)
    • 1785 – Claude-Louis Navier, French physicist and engineer (d. 1836)
    • 1795 – Ary Scheffer, Dutch-French painter and academic (d. 1858)
    • 1797 – George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall (d. 1883)
    • 1821 – Roberto Bompiani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1908)
    • 1824 – Samuel Plimsoll, English merchant and politician (d. 1898)
    • 1842 – Agnes Mary Clerke, Irish astronomer and author (d. 1907)
    • 1843 – Adelina Patti, Italian-French opera singer (d. 1919)
    • 1846 – Lord Charles Beresford, Irish admiral and politician (d. 1919)
    • 1846 – Ira Remsen, American chemist and academic (d. 1927)
    • 1847 – Nabinchandra Sen, Bangladeshi poet and author (d. 1909)
    • 1859 – Alexandre Millerand, French lawyer and politician, 12th President of France (d. 1943)
    • 1867 – Robert Garran, Australian lawyer and public servant (d. 1957)
    • 1868 – Prince Waldemar of Prussia (d. 1879)
    • 1868 – William Allen White, American journalist and author (d. 1944)
    • 1869 – Royal Cortissoz, American art critic (d. 1948)
    • 1879 – Ernst Põdder, Estonian general (d. 1932)
    • 1881 – Pauline Brunius, Swedish actress and director (d. 1954)
    • 1883 – Edith Clarke, American electrical engineer (d. 1959)
    • 1883 – H.V. Hordern, Australian cricketer (d. 1938)
    • 1889 – Cevdet Sunay, Turkish general and politician, 5th President of Turkey (d. 1982)
    • 1890 – Fanny Kaplan, Ukrainian-Russian activist (d. 1918)
    • 1890 – Boris Pasternak, Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
    • 1892 – Alan Hale Sr., American actor and director (d. 1950)
    • 1893 – Jimmy Durante, American actor, singer, and pianist (d. 1980)
    • 1893 – Bill Tilden, American tennis player and coach (d. 1953)
    • 1894 – Harold Macmillan, English captain and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1986)
    • 1897 – Judith Anderson, Australian actress (d. 1992)
    • 1897 – John Franklin Enders, American virologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
    • 1898 – Bertolt Brecht, German director, playwright, and poet (d. 1956)
    • 1898 – Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author (d. 1979)
    • 1901 – Stella Adler, American actress and educator (d. 1992)
    • 1902 – Walter Houser Brattain, Chinese-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
    • 1903 – Waldemar Hoven, German physician (d. 1948)
    • 1903 – Matthias Sindelar, Austrian footballer and manager (d. 1939)
    • 1904 – John Farrow, Australian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1963)
    • 1905 – Walter A. Brown, American businessman, founded the Boston Celtics (d. 1964)
    • 1905 – Chick Webb, American drummer and bandleader (d. 1939)
    • 1906 – Lon Chaney Jr., American actor (d. 1973)
    • 1907 – Anthony Cottrell, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1988)
    • 1908 – Jean Coulthard, Canadian composer and educator (d. 2000)
    • 1909 – Min Thu Wun, Burmese poet, scholar, and politician (d. 2004)
    • 1910 – Dominique Pire, Belgian friar, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1969)
    • 1914 – Larry Adler, American harmonica player, composer, and actor (d. 2001)
    • 1915 – Vladimir Zeldin, Russian actor (d. 2016)
    • 1919 – Ioannis Charalambopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2014)
    • 1920 – Alex Comfort, English physician and author (d. 2000)
    • 1920 – Neva Patterson, American actress (d. 2010)
    • 1920 – José Manuel Castañón, Spanish lawyer and author (d. 2001)
    • 1922 – Árpád Göncz, Hungarian author, playwright, and politician, 1st President of Hungary (d. 2015)
    • 1922 – José Gabriel da Costa later known as Mestre Gabriel, Brazilian spiritual leader, founder of the União do Vegetal (d. 1971)
    • 1923 – Allie Sherman, American football player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1924 – Max Ferguson, Canadian radio host and actor (d. 2013)
    • 1924 – Bud Poile, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2005)
    • 1925 – Pierre Mondy, French actor and director (d. 2012)
    • 1926 – Sidney Bryan Berry, American general (d. 2013)
    • 1926 – Danny Blanchflower, Northern Irish soldier, footballer and manager (d. 1993)
    • 1927 – Leontyne Price, American operatic soprano
    • 1929 – Jerry Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (d. 2004)
    • 1929 – Jim Whittaker, American mountaineer
    • 1929 – Lou Whittaker, American mountaineer
    • 1930 – E. L. Konigsburg, American author and illustrator (d. 2013)
    • 1930 – Robert Wagner, American actor and producer
    • 1931 – James Edward Maceo West, American inventor and acoustician
    • 1932 – Barrie Ingham, English-American actor (d. 2015)
    • 1933 – Richard Schickel, American journalist, author, and critic (d. 2017)
    • 1933 – Faramarz Payvar, Iranian santur player and composer (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – Theodore Antoniou, Greek composer and conductor (d. 2018)
    • 1937 – Anne Anderson, Scottish physiologist and academic (d. 1983)
    • 1937 – Roberta Flack, American singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1939 – Adrienne Clarkson, Hong Kong-Canadian journalist and politician, 26th Governor General of Canada
    • 1939 – Deolinda Rodríguez de Almeida, Angolan nationalist (d. 1967)
    • 1940 – Mary Rand, English sprinter and long jumper
    • 1940 – Kenny Rankin, American singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1941 – Michael Apted, English director and producer
    • 1944 – Peter Allen, Australian singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (d. 1992)
    • 1944 – Frank Keating, American lawyer and politician, 25th Governor of Oklahoma
    • 1944 – Frances Moore Lappé, American author and activist
    • 1944 – Rufus Reid, American bassist and composer
    • 1945 – Delma S. Arrigoitia, Puerto Rican historian, author, educator and lawyer
    • 1947 – Louise Arbour, Canadian lawyer and jurist
    • 1947 – Butch Morris, American cornet player, composer, and conductor (d. 2013)
    • 1947 – Nicholas Owen, English journalist
    • 1949 – Nigel Olsson, English rock drummer and singer-songwriter
    • 1950 – Luis Donaldo Colosio, Mexican economist and politician (d. 1994)
    • 1950 – Mark Spitz, American swimmer
    • 1951 – Bob Iger, American media executive
    • 1952 – Lee Hsien Loong, Singaporean general and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Singapore
    • 1955 – Jim Cramer, American television personality, pundit, and author
    • 1955 – Greg Norman, Australian golfer and sportscaster
    • 1956 – Enele Sopoaga, Tuvaluan politician, 12th Prime Minister of Tuvalu
    • 1957 – Katherine Freese, American astrophysicist and academic
    • 1959 – John Calipari, American basketball player and coach
    • 1960 – Jim Kent, American biologist, computer programmer, academic
    • 1961 – Alexander Payne, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1961 – George Stephanopoulos, American television journalist
    • 1962 – Randy Velischek, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1962 – Cliff Burton, American heavy metal bassist (d. 1986)
    • 1963 – Lenny Dykstra, American baseball player
    • 1964 – Glenn Beck, American journalist, producer, and author
    • 1966 – Natalie Bennett, Australian-English journalist and politician
    • 1966 – Daryl Johnston, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Laura Dern, American actress, director, and producer
    • 1967 – Jacky Durand, French cyclist and sportscaster
    • 1967 – Vince Gilligan, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1968 – Peter Popovic, Swedish ice hockey player and coach
    • 1968 – Garrett Reisman, American engineer and astronaut
    • 1969 – Joe Mangrum, American painter and sculptor
    • 1969 – James Small, South African rugby player (d. 2019)
    • 1970 – Melissa Doyle, Australian journalist and author
    • 1970 – Noureddine Naybet, Moroccan international footballer, central defender and manager
    • 1970 – Åsne Seierstad, Norwegian journalist and author
    • 1971 – Lorena Rojas, Mexican actress and singer (d. 2015)
    • 1972 – Michael Kasprowicz, Australian cricketer
    • 1973 – Martha Lane Fox, Baroness Lane-Fox of Soho, English businesswoman and politician
    • 1974 – Elizabeth Banks, American actress
    • 1974 – Ty Law, American football player
    • 1974 – Ivri Lider, Israeli singer
    • 1974 – Henry Paul, New Zealand rugby player and coach
    • 1976 – Lance Berkman, American baseball player and coach
    • 1976 – Keeley Hawes, English actress
    • 1977 – Salif Diao, Senegalese footballer
    • 1979 – Joey Hand, American race car driver
    • 1980 – César Izturis, Venezuelan baseball player
    • 1980 – Enzo Maresca, Italian footballer
    • 1980 – Mike Ribeiro, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1981 – Uzo Aduba, American actress
    • 1981 – Stephanie Beatriz, American actress
    • 1981 – Andrew Johnson, English international footballer, forward and club ambassador
    • 1981 – Holly Willoughby, English model and television host
    • 1982 – Justin Gatlin, American sprinter
    • 1982 – Tarmo Neemelo, Estonian footballer
    • 1982 – Hamad Al-Tayyar, Kuwaiti footballer
    • 1982 – Iafeta Paleaaesina, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1983 – Vic Fuentes, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1984 – Greg Bird, Australian rugby league player
    • 1984 – Alex Gordon, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Kim Hyo-jin, South Korean actress
    • 1985 – Selçuk İnan, Turkish footballer
    • 1985 – Paul Millsap, American basketball player
    • 1986 – Jeff Adrien, American basketball player
    • 1986 – Josh Akognon, American basketball player
    • 1986 – Radamel Falcao, Colombian footballer
    • 1986 – Roberto Jiménez Gago, Spanish footballer
    • 1986 – Viktor Troicki, Serbian tennis player
    • 1987 – Jakub Kindl, Czech ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Facundo Roncaglia, Argentinian footballer
    • 1988 – Francesco Acerbi, Italian footballer
    • 1989 – Liam Hendriks, Australian baseball player
    • 1990 – Barbara Guarischi, Italian cyclist
    • 1990 – Choi Soo-young, South Korean singer-songwriter, actress, and dancer
    • 1991 – Rebecca Dempster, Scottish footballer
    • 1991 – Emma Roberts, American actress
    • 1992 – Haruka Nakagawa, Japanese singer and actress
    • 1992 – Reinhold Yabo, German footballer
    • 1993 – Max Kepler, German baseball player
    • 1993 – Filip Twardzik, Czech footballer
    • 1993 – Luis Madrigal, Mexican footballer
    • 1994 – Kang Seul-gi, South Korean singer and member of Red Velvet
    • 1995 – Carolane Soucisse, Canadian ice dancer
    • 1996 – Emanuel Mammana, Argentinian footballer
    • 1997 – Lilly King, American swimmer
    • 1997 – Chloë Grace Moretz, American actress
    • 1997 – Nadia Podoroska, Argentinian tennis player
    • 2000 – Yara Shahidi, American actress and model

    Deaths on February 10

    • 547 – Scholastica, Christian nun
    • 1127 – William IX, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 1071)
    • 1163 – Baldwin III of Jerusalem (b. 1130)
    • 1242 – Emperor Shijō of Japan (b. 1231)
    • 1242 – Saint Verdiana, Italian recluse (b. 1182)
    • 1280 – Margaret II, Countess of Flanders (b. 1202)
    • 1306 – John “the Red” Comyn, Scottish nobleman
    • 1307 – Temür Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan (b. 1265)
    • 1346 – Blessed Clare of Rimini (b. 1282)
    • 1471 – Frederick II, Margrave of Brandenburg (b. 1413)
    • 1524 – Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria (b. 1468)
    • 1526 – John V, Count of Oldenburg, German noble (b. 1460)
    • 1567 – Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1545)
    • 1576 – Wilhelm Xylander, German scholar, translator, and academic (b. 1532)
    • 1686 – William Dugdale, English genealogist and historian (b. 1605)
    • 1755 – Montesquieu, French lawyer and philosopher (b. 1689)
    • 1782 – Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, German theologian and author (b. 1702)
    • 1829 – Pope Leo XII (b. 1760)
    • 1837 – Alexander Pushkin, Russian poet and author (b. 1799)
    • 1854 – José Joaquín de Herrera, Mexican politician and general. President three times (1844–1854) (b. 1792)
    • 1857 – David Thompson, English-Canadian surveyor and explorer (b. 1770)
    • 1865 – Heinrich Lenz, Estonian-Italian physicist and academic (b. 1804)
    • 1879 – Honoré Daumier, French illustrator and painter (b. 1808)
    • 1887 – Ellen Wood, English author (b. 1814)
    • 1891 – Sofia Kovalevskaya, Russian-Swedish mathematician and physicist (b. 1850)
    • 1904 – John A. Roche, American lawyer and politician, 30th Mayor of Chicago (b. 1844)
    • 1906 – Ezra Butler Eddy, American-Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1827)
    • 1912 – Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, English surgeon and academic (b. 1827)
    • 1913 – Konstantinos Tsiklitiras, Greek long jumper (b. 1888)
    • 1917 – John William Waterhouse, English soldier and painter (b. 1849)
    • 1918 – Abdul Hamid II, Ottoman sultan (b. 1842)
    • 1918 – Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian soldier and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1833)
    • 1920 – Henry Strangways, English-Australian politician, 12th Premier of South Australia (b. 1832)
    • 1923 – Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
    • 1928 – José Sánchez del Río, Mexican martyr and saint (b. 1913)
    • 1932 – Edgar Wallace, English author and screenwriter (b. 1875)
    • 1939 – Pope Pius XI (b. 1857)
    • 1944 – E. M. Antoniadi, Greek-French astronomer and chess player (b. 1870)
    • 1945 – Anacleto Díaz, Filipino lawyer and jurist (b. 1878)
    • 1950 – Marcel Mauss, French sociologist and anthropologist (b. 1872)
    • 1956 – Leonora Speyer, American poet and violinist (b. 1872)
    • 1956 – Emmanouil Tsouderos, Greek banker and politician, 132nd Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1882)
    • 1957 – Laura Ingalls Wilder, American author (b. 1867)
    • 1960 – Aloysius Stepinac, Croatian cardinal (b. 1898)
    • 1966 – Billy Rose, American composer and songwriter (b. 1899)
    • 1967 – Dionysios Kokkinos, Greek historian and author (b. 1884)
    • 1975 – Nikos Kavvadias, Greek sailor and poet (b. 1910)
    • 1979 – Edvard Kardelj, Slovene general and politician, 2nd Foreign Minister of Yugoslavia (b. 1910)
    • 1992 – Alex Haley, American soldier, journalist, and author (b. 1921)
    • 1993 – Fred Hollows, New Zealand-Australian ophthalmologist and academic (b. 1929)
    • 1995 – Paul Monette, American author, poet, and activist (b. 1945)
    • 1997 – Brian Connolly, Scottish musician, lead singer The Sweet (b. 1945)
    • 2000 – Jim Varney, American actor, comedian and writer (b. 1949)
    • 2001 – Abraham Beame, American academic and politician, 104th Mayor of New York City (b. 1906)
    • 2001 – Buddy Tate, American saxophonist and clarinet player (b. 1913)
    • 2002 – Dave Van Ronk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1936)
    • 2003 – Edgar de Evia, Mexican-American photographer (b. 1910)
    • 2003 – Albert J. Ruffo, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of San Jose (b. 1908)
    • 2003 – Ron Ziegler, American politician, 14th White House Press Secretary (b. 1939)
    • 2005 – Arthur Miller, American actor, playwright, and author (b. 1915)
    • 2006 – James Yancey, American record producer and rapper (b. 1974)
    • 2008 – Roy Scheider, American actor and boxer (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Fred Schaus, American basketball player and coach (b. 1925)
    • 2010 – Charles Wilson, American lieutenant and politician (b. 1933)
    • 2011 – Trevor Bailey, English cricketer and journalist (b. 1923)
    • 2012 – Lloyd Morrison, New Zealand banker and businessman, founded H. R. L. Morrison & Co (b. 1957)
    • 2012 – Jeffrey Zaslow, American journalist and author (b. 1958)
    • 2013 – W. Watts Biggers, American author, screenwriter, and animator (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – David Hartman, American-Israeli rabbi and philosopher, founded the Shalom Hartman Institute (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Stuart Hall, Jamaican-English sociologist and theorist (b. 1932)
    • 2014 – Shirley Temple, American actress and diplomat (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Naseer Aruri, Palestinian scholar and activist (b. 1934)
    • 2015 – Karl Josef Becker, German cardinal and theologian (b. 1928)
    • 2015 – Deng Liqun, Chinese theorist and politician (b. 1915)
    • 2016 – Fatima Surayya Bajia, Indian-Pakistani author and playwright (b. 1930)
    • 2017 – Mike Ilitch, American businessman (b. 1929)
    • 2019 – Carmen Argenziano, American actor (b. 1943)
    • 2019 – Jan-Michael Vincent, American actor (b. 1944)

    Holidays and observances on February 10

    • Christian feast day:
      • Austrebertha
      • Charalambos
      • José Sánchez del Río
      • Scholastica
      • February 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Feast of St. Paul’s Shipwreck (Malta)
    • Fenkil Day (Eritrea)
    • Kurdish Authors Union Day (Iraqi Kurdistan)
    • National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe (Italy)