1762

  • July 31 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian’s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
    • 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: 6th day of the 7th month of the 1st year of the Ten’o (天応) era).
    • 1009 – Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII.
    • 1201 – Attempted usurpation by John Komnenos the Fat for the throne of Alexios III Angelos.
    • 1423 – Hundred Years’ War: Battle of Cravant: The French army is defeated by the English at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
    • 1451 – Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.
    • 1492 – The Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.
    • 1498 – On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
    • 1588 – The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
    • 1618 – Maurice, Prince of Orange disbands the waardgelders militia in Utrecht, a pivotal event in the Remonstrant/Counter-Remonstrant tensions.
    • 1655 – Russo-Polish War (1654–67): The Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years.
    • 1658 – Aurangzeb is proclaimed Mughal emperor of India.
    • 1703 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.
    • 1712 – Action of 31 July 1712 (Great Northern War): Danish and Swedish ships clash in the Baltic Sea; the result is inconclusive.
    • 1715 – Seven days after a Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships left Havana, Cuba for Spain, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks.
    • 1741 – Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia.
    • 1763 – Odawa Chief Pontiac’s forces defeat British troops at the Battle of Bloody Run during Pontiac’s War.
    • 1777 – The U.S. Second Continental Congress passes a resolution that the services of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette “be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States.”
    • 1790 – The first U.S. patent is issued, to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
    • 1856 – Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city.
    • 1865 – The first narrow-gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia.
    • 1874 – Dr. Patrick Francis Healy became the first African-American inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, Georgetown University.
    • 1904 – Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Hsimucheng: Units of the Imperial Japanese Army defeat units of the Imperial Russian Army in a strategic confrontation.
    • 1913 – The Balkan States sign an armistice in Bucharest.
    • 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Passchendaele begins near Ypres in West Flanders, Belgium.
    • 1919 – German national assembly adopts the Weimar Constitution, which comes into force on August 14.
    • 1932 – The NSDAP (Nazi Party) wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
    • 1938 – Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia).
    • 1938 – Archaeologists discover engraved gold and silver plates from King Darius the Great in Persepolis.
    • 1941 – The Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to “submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired Final Solution of the Jewish question.”
    • 1941 – World War II: The Battle of Smolensk concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners.
    • 1945 – Pierre Laval, the fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.
    • 1948 – At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
    • 1948 – USS Nevada is sunk by an aerial torpedo after surviving hits from two atomic bombs (as part of post-war tests) and being used for target practice by three other ships.
    • 1964 – Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
    • 1970 – Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy.
    • 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
    • 1972 – The Troubles: In Operation Motorman, the British Army re-takes the urban no-go areas of Northern Ireland. It is the biggest British military operation since the Suez Crisis of 1956, and the biggest in Ireland since the Irish War of Independence. Later that day, nine civilians are killed by car bombs in the village of Claudy.
    • 1973 – A Delta Air Lines jetliner, flight DL 723 crashes while landing in fog at Logan International Airport, Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.
    • 1975 – The Troubles: three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen are killed during a botched paramilitary attack in Northern Ireland.
    • 1987 – A tornado occurs in Edmonton, Canada.
    • 1988 – Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Penang, Malaysia.
    • 1991 – The United States and Soviet Union both sign the START I Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries’ stockpiles.
    • 1992 – The nation of Georgia joins the United Nations.
    • 1992 – Thai Airways International Flight 311 crashes into a mountain north of Kathmandu, Nepal killing all 113 people on board.
    • 1999 – Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector: NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon’s surface.
    • 2006 – Fidel Castro hands over power to his brother, Raúl.
    • 2007 – Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and the longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.
    • 2012 – Michael Phelps breaks the record set in 1964 by Larisa Latynina for the most medals won at the Olympics.
    • 2014 – Gas explosions in the southern Taiwanese city of Kaohsiung kill at least 20 people and injure more than 270.

    Births on July 31

    • 1143 – Emperor Nijō of Japan (d. 1165)
    • 1396 – Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1467)
    • 1526 – Augustus, Elector of Saxony (d. 1586)
    • 1527 – Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1576)
    • 1595 – Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1641)
    • 1598 – Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (d. 1654)
    • 1686 – Charles of France, Duke of Berry (d. 1714)
    • 1702 – Jean Denis Attiret, French missionary and painter (d. 1768)
    • 1704 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1752)
    • 1718 – John Canton, English physicist and academic (d. 1772)
    • 1724 – Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer and author (d. 1801)
    • 1759 – Ignaz Anton von Indermauer, Austrian nobleman and government official (d. 1796)
    • 1777 – Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros, Argentinian priest and politician (d. 1849)
    • 1796 – Jean-Gaspard Deburau, Czech-French actor and mime (d. 1846)
    • 1800 – Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist and academic (d. 1882)
    • 1803 – John Ericsson, Swedish-American engineer, co-designed the USS Princeton and the Novelty Locomotive (d. 1889)
    • 1816 – George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870)
    • 1826 – William S. Clark, American colonel and politician (d. 1886)
    • 1835 – Henri Brisson, French lawyer and politician, 50th Prime Minister of France (d. 1912)
    • 1835 – Paul Du Chaillu, French-American anthropologist and explorer (d. 1903)
    • 1836 – Vasily Sleptsov, Russian author and activist (d. 1878)
    • 1837 – William Quantrill, American captain (d. 1865)
    • 1839 – Ignacio Andrade, Venezuelan general and politician, 25th President of Venezuela (d. 1925)
    • 1843 – Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet and author (d. 1918)
    • 1847 – Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1905)
    • 1854 – José Canalejas, Spanish academic and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1912)
    • 1858 – Richard Dixon Oldham, English seismologist and geologist (d. 1936)
    • 1858 – Marion Talbot, influential American educator (d. 1948)
    • 1860 – Mary Vaux Walcott, American painter and illustrator (d. 1940)
    • 1867 – S. S. Kresge, American businessman, founded Kmart (d. 1966)
    • 1875 – Jacques Villon, French painter (d. 1963)
    • 1877 – Louisa Bolus, South African botanist and taxonomist (d. 1970)
    • 1880 – Premchand, Indian author and playwright (d. 1936)
    • 1883 – Ramón Fonst, Cuban fencer (d. 1959)
    • 1884 – Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, Polish-German economist and politician (d. 1945)
    • 1886 – Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American mob boss (d. 1931)
    • 1886 – Fred Quimby, American animation producer (d. 1965)
    • 1887 – Hans Freyer, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1969)
    • 1892 – Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist and publisher, founded Worldwide Church of God (d. 1986)
    • 1892 – Joseph Charbonneau, Canadian archbishop (d. 1959)
    • 1894 – Fred Keenor, Welsh footballer (d. 1972)
    • 1901 – Jean Dubuffet, French painter and sculptor (d. 1985)
    • 1902 – Gubby Allen, Australian-English cricketer and soldier (d. 1989)
    • 1904 – Brett Halliday, American engineer, surveyor, and author (d. 1977)
    • 1909 – Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Austrian theorist and author (d. 1999)
    • 1911 – George Liberace, American violinist (d. 1983)
    • 1912 – Bill Brown, Australian cricketer (d. 2008)
    • 1912 – Milton Friedman, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
    • 1912 – Irv Kupcinet, American football player and journalist (d. 2003)
    • 1913 – Bryan Hextall, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)
    • 1914 – Paul J. Christiansen, American conductor and composer (d. 1997)
    • 1914 – Louis de Funès, French actor and screenwriter (d. 1983)
    • 1916 – Sibte Hassan, Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (d. 1986)
    • 1916 – Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2006)
    • 1916 – Bill Todman, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)
    • 1918 – Paul D. Boyer, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
    • 1918 – Hank Jones, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2010)
    • 1918 – Frank Renouf, New Zealand businessman and financier (d. 1998)
    • 1919 – Hemu Adhikari, Indian cricketer (d. 2003)
    • 1919 – Curt Gowdy, American sportscaster and actor (d. 2006)
    • 1919 – Primo Levi, Italian chemist and author (d. 1987)
    • 1920 – James E. Faust, American religious leader, lawyer, and politician (d. 2007)
    • 1921 – Peter Benenson, English lawyer and activist, founded Amnesty International (d. 2005)
    • 1921 – Donald Malarkey, American sergeant and author (d. 2017)
    • 1921 – Whitney Young, American activist (d. 1971)
    • 1922 – Hank Bauer, American baseball player and manager (d. 2007)
    • 1923 – Ahmet Ertegun, Turkish-American songwriter and producer, founded Atlantic Records (d. 2006)
    • 1923 – Stephanie Kwolek, American chemist and engineer, invented Kevlar (d. 2014)
    • 1924 – Jimmy Evert, American tennis player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1925 – Carmel Quinn, Irish singer, actress and writer
    • 1925 – John Swainson, Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd Governor of Michigan (d. 1994)
    • 1926 – Bernard Nathanson, American physician and activist (d. 2011)
    • 1926 – Hilary Putnam, American mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher (d. 2016)
    • 1927 – Peter Nichols, English author and playwright (d. 2019)
    • 1928 – Bill Frenzel, American lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)
    • 1929 – Lynne Reid Banks, English author
    • 1929 – Gilles Carle, Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1929 – Don Murray, American actor
    • 1929 – José Santamaría, Uruguayan footballer and manager
    • 1931 – Nick Bollettieri, American tennis player and coach
    • 1931 – Kenny Burrell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1932 – Ted Cassidy, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1979)
    • 1932 – John Searle, American philosopher and academic
    • 1933 – Cees Nooteboom, Dutch journalist, author, and poet
    • 1935 – Yvon Deschamps, Canadian comedian, actor, and producer
    • 1935 – Geoffrey Lewis, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1939 – Steuart Bedford, English pianist and conductor
    • 1939 – Susan Flannery, American actress
    • 1939 – France Nuyen, Vietnamese-French actress
    • 1941 – Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician, 8th Chief Minister of Gujarat (d. 2004)
    • 1943 – William Bennett, American journalist and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Education
    • 1943 – Lobo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1944 – Geraldine Chaplin, American actress and screenwriter
    • 1944 – Jonathan Dimbleby, English journalist and author
    • 1944 – Sherry Lansing, American film producer
    • 1944 – Robert C. Merton, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1944 – David Norris, Irish scholar and politician
    • 1945 – William Weld, American lawyer and politician, 68th Governor of Massachusetts
    • 1946 – Gary Lewis, American pop-rock musician
    • 1947 – Karl Green, English bass player and songwriter (Herman’s Hermits)
    • 1947 – Richard Griffiths, English actor (d. 2013)
    • 1947 – Mumtaz, Indian actress
    • 1947 – Hubert Védrine, French politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1947 – Ian Beck, English children’s illustrator and author
    • 1948 – Russell Morris, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1949 – Mike Jackson, American basketball player
    • 1949 – Alan Meale, English journalist and politician
    • 1950 – Richard Berry, French actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1951 – Evonne Goolagong Cawley, Australian tennis player
    • 1952 – Chris Ahrens, American ice hockey player
    • 1952 – Alan Autry, American football player, actor, and politician, 23rd Mayor of Fresno, California
    • 1952 – Helmuts Balderis, Latvian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1952 – João Barreiros, Portuguese author and critic
    • 1952 – Faye Kellerman, American author
    • 1953 – Ted Baillieu, Australian architect and politician, 46th Premier of Victoria
    • 1953 – Jimmy Cook, South African cricketer and coach
    • 1953 – Hugh McDowell, English cellist
    • 1954 – Derek Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1956 – Michael Biehn, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1956 – Bill Callahan, American football player and coach
    • 1956 – Ron Kuby, American lawyer and radio host
    • 1956 – Deval Patrick, American lawyer and politician, 71st Governor of Massachusetts
    • 1956 – Lynne Rae Perkins, American author and illustrator
    • 1957 – Daniel Ash, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1957 – Mark Thompson, English business executive
    • 1958 – Bill Berry, American drummer and songwriter
    • 1958 – Mark Cuban, American businessman and television personality
    • 1958 – Suzanne Giraud, French music editor and composer
    • 1959 – Stanley Jordan, American guitarist, pianist, and songwriter
    • 1959 – Andrew Marr, Scottish journalist and author
    • 1959 – Kim Newman, English journalist and author
    • 1960 – Dale Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1960 – Malcolm Ross, Scottish guitarist and songwriter
    • 1961 – Frank Gardner, English captain and journalist
    • 1961 – Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, Nigerian banker, royal
    • 1962 – John Chiang, American lawyer and politician, 31st California State Controller
    • 1962 – Kevin Greene, American football player and coach
    • 1962 – Wesley Snipes, American actor and producer
    • 1963 – Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim), English DJ and musician
    • 1963 – Fergus Henderson, English chef and author
    • 1963 – Brian Skrudland, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1964 – Jim Corr, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1964 – Urmas Hepner, Estonian footballer and coach
    • 1965 – Scott Brooks, American basketball player and coach
    • 1965 – John Laurinaitis, American wrestler and producer
    • 1965 – Ian Roberts, English-Australian rugby league player and actor
    • 1965 – J. K. Rowling, English author and film producer
    • 1966 – Dean Cain, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1967 – Tony Massenburg, American basketball player
    • 1967 – Tim Wright, Welsh composer
    • 1968 – Saeed-Al-Saffar, Emirati cricketer
    • 1968 – Julian Richards, Welsh director and producer
    • 1969 – Antonio Conte, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1969 – Loren Dean, American actor
    • 1969 – Kenneth D. Schisler, American lawyer and politician
    • 1970 – Ahmad Akbarpour, Iranian author and poet
    • 1970 – Ben Chaplin, English actor
    • 1970 – Andrzej Kobylański, Polish footballer and manager
    • 1970 – Giorgos Sigalas, Greek basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
    • 1971 – Gus Frerotte, American football player and coach
    • 1973 – Nathan Brown, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1974 – Emilia Fox, English actress
    • 1974 – Leona Naess, American-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1974 – Jonathan Ogden, American football player
    • 1975 – Randy Flores, American baseball player and coach
    • 1975 – Andrew Hall, South African cricketer
    • 1975 – Gabe Kapler, American baseball player and manager
    • 1976 – Joshua Cain, American guitarist and producer
    • 1976 – Paulo Wanchope, Costa Rican footballer and manager
    • 1978 – Zac Brown, American country singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1978 – Nick Sorensen, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1978 – Justin Wilson, English race car driver (d. 2015)
    • 1979 – Jaco Erasmus, South African-Italian rugby player
    • 1979 – J.J. Furmaniak, American baseball player
    • 1979 – Per Krøldrup, Danish footballer
    • 1979 – Carlos Marchena, Spanish footballer
    • 1979 – B.J. Novak, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1980 – Mikko Hirvonen, Finnish race car driver
    • 1980 – Mils Muliaina, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1981 – Titus Bramble, English footballer
    • 1981 – Vernon Carey, American football player
    • 1981 – Paul Whatuira, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1981 – M. Shadows, American musician, lead singer of Avenged Sevenfold
    • 1982 – Anabel Medina Garrigues, Spanish tennis player
    • 1982 – DeMarcus Ware, American football player
    • 1985 – Daniel Ciofani, Italian footballer
    • 1985 – Rémy Di Gregorio, French cyclist
    • 1986 – Evgeni Malkin, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Brian Orakpo, American football player
    • 1987 – Michael Bradley, American soccer player
    • 1988 – Alex Glenn, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1989 – Victoria Azarenka, Belorussian tennis player
    • 1991 – Réka Luca Jani, Hungarian tennis player
    • 1992 – José Fernández, Cuban baseball player (d. 2016)
    • 1992 – Ryan Johansen, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1992 – Kyle Larson, American race car driver
    • 1994 – Lil Uzi Vert, American hip hop artist

    Deaths on July 31

    • 54 BC – Aurelia Cotta, Roman mother of Gaius Julius Caesar (b. 120 BC)
    • 450 – Peter Chrysologus, Italian bishop and saint (b. 380)
    • 910 – Feng Xingxi, Chinese warlord
    • 975 – Fu Yanqing, Chinese general (b. 898)
    • 1098 – Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury
    • 1358 – Étienne Marcel, French rebel leader (b. 1302)
    • 1396 – William Courtenay, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (b. 1342)
    • 1508 – Na’od, Ethiopian emperor
    • 1556 – Ignatius of Loyola, Spanish priest and theologian, founded the Society of Jesus (b. 1491)
    • 1616 – Roger Wilbraham, Solicitor-General for Ireland (b. 1553)
    • 1638 – Sibylla Schwarz, German poet (b. 1621)
    • 1653 – Thomas Dudley, English soldier and politician, 3rd Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1576)
    • 1693 – Willem Kalf, Dutch still life painter (b. 1619)
    • 1726 – Nicolaus II Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and theorist (b. 1695)
    • 1750 – John V, king of Portugal (b. 1689)
    • 1762 – Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla, Spanish sailor and commander (b. 1711)
    • 1781 – John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley, British parliamentarian (b. 1719)
    • 1784 – Denis Diderot, French philosopher and critic (b. 1713)
    • 1805 – Dheeran Chinnamalai, Indian soldier (b. 1756)
    • 1864 – Louis Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (b. 1800)
    • 1875 – Andrew Johnson, American general and politician, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808)
    • 1884 – Kiến Phúc, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1869)
    • 1886 – Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)
    • 1891 – Jean-Baptiste Capronnier, Belgian stained glass painter (b. 1814)
    • 1913 – John Milne, British geologist and mining engineer. (b. 1850)
    • 1914 – Jean Jaurès, French journalist and politician (b. 1859)
    • 1917 – Hedd Wyn, Welsh language poet (b. 1887)
    • 1917 – Francis Ledwidge, Irish soldier and poet (b. 1881)
    • 1920 – Ion Dragoumis, Greek philosopher and diplomat (b. 1878)
    • 1940 – Udham Singh, Indian activist (b. 1899)
    • 1943 – Hedley Verity, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1905)
    • 1942 – Francis Younghusband, British Army Officer, explorer and spiritual writer (b.1863)
    • 1944 – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and poet (b. 1900)
    • 1953 – Robert A. Taft, American soldier and politician (b. 1889)
    • 1954 – Onofre Marimón, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1923)
    • 1958 – Eino Kaila, Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (b. 1890)
    • 1964 – Jim Reeves, American singer-songwriter (b. 1923)
    • 1966 – Bud Powell, American pianist (b. 1924)
    • 1968 – Jack Pizzey, Australian politician, 29th Premier of Queensland (b. 1911)
    • 1971 – Walter P. Carter, American soldier and activist (b. 1923)
    • 1972 – Paul-Henri Spaak, Belgian lawyer and politician, 40th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1899)
    • 1973 – Azumafuji Kin’ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th Yokozuna (b. 1921)
    • 1979 – Beatrix Lehmann, English actress and director (b. 1903)
    • 1980 – Pascual Jordan, German physicist, author, and academic (b. 1902)
    • 1980 – Mohammed Rafi, Indian playback singer (b. 1924)
    • 1981 – Omar Torrijos, Panamanian general and politician, Military Leader of Panama (b. 1929)
    • 1985 – Eugene Carson Blake, American religious leader (b. 1906)
    • 1986 – Chiune Sugihara, Japanese diplomat (b. 1900)
    • 1987 – Joseph E. Levine, American film producer (b, 1905)
    • 1990 – Albert Leduc, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
    • 1992 – Leonard Cheshire, English captain and pilot (b. 1917)
    • 1992 – Md. Abdul Wajed Chowdhury, Bangladeshi politician.
    • 1993 – Baudouin, King of Belgium (b. 1930)
    • 2000 – William Keepers Maxwell Jr., American editor, novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1908)
    • 2001 – Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese general and politician, 15th President of Portugal (b. 1914)
    • 2001 – Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1910)
    • 2003 – Guido Crepax, Italian author and illustrator (b. 1933)
    • 2004 – Virginia Grey, American actress (b. 1917)
    • 2005 – Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician, 1st President of the European Central Bank (b. 1935)
    • 2009 – Bobby Robson, English footballer and manager (b. 1933)
    • 2009 – Harry Alan Towers, English-Canadian screenwriter and producer (b. 1920)
    • 2012 – Mollie Hunter, Scottish author and playwright (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – Alfredo Ramos, Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1924)
    • 2012 – Gore Vidal, American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1925)
    • 2012 – Tony Sly, American musician, singer-songwriter (b. 1970)
    • 2013 – Michael Ansara, Syrian-American actor (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Michel Donnet, English-Belgian general and pilot (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – John Graves, American captain and author (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (b. 1930)
    • 2014 – Warren Bennis, American scholar, author, and academic (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Nabarun Bhattacharya, Indian journalist and author (b. 1948)
    • 2014 – Jeff Bourne, English footballer (b. 1948)
    • 2014 – Wilfred Feinberg, American lawyer and judge (b. 1920)
    • 2015 – Alan Cheuse, American writer and critic (b. 1940)
    • 2015 – Howard W. Jones, American surgeon and academic (b. 1910)
    • 2015 – Billy Pierce, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)
    • 2015 – Roddy Piper, Canadian wrestler and actor (b. 1954)
    • 2015 – Richard Schweiker, American soldier and politician, 14th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (b. 1926)
    • 2016 – Chiyonofuji Mitsugu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 58th Yokozuna (b. 1955)
    • 2016 – Seymour Papert, South African mathematician (b. 1928)
    • 2017 – Jeanne Moreau, French actress (b. 1928)
    • 2018 – Tony Bullimore, British sailor & businessman (b. 1939)
    • 2019 – Harold Prince, noted Broadway producer and director, who received more Tony awards than anyone else in history (b. 1928)

    Holidays and observances on July 31

    • Christian feast day:
      • Abanoub
      • Germanus of Auxerre
      • Ignatius of Loyola
      • Neot
      • July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which the Feast of Kamál (Perfection) can fall, while August 1 is the latest; observed on the first day of the eighth month of the Bahá’í calendar. (Bahá’í Faith)
    • End of the Trinity term (sitting of the High Court of Justice of England)
    • Ka Hae Hawaiʻi Day (Hawaii, United States), and its related observance:
      • Sovereignty Restoration Day (Hawaiian sovereignty movement)
    • Martyrdom Day of Shahid Udham Singh (Haryana and Punjab, India)
    • Treasury Day (Poland)
    • Warriors’ Day (Malaysia)

  • July 28 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1364 – Troops of the Republic of Pisa and the Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
    • 1540 – Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of treason. Henry marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
    • 1571 – La Laguna encomienda, known today as the Laguna province in the Philippines is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.
    • 1635 – In the Eighty Years’ War the Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of Schenkenschans.
    • 1656 – Second Northern War: Battle of Warsaw begins.
    • 1778 – Constitution of the province of Cantabria ratified at the Assembly Hall in Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain.
    • 1794 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Antoine de Saint-Just are executed by guillotine in Paris, France.
    • 1808 – Mahmud II became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
    • 1809 – Peninsular War: Battle of Talavera: Sir Arthur Wellesley’s British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by Joseph Bonaparte.
    • 1821 – José de San Martín declares the independence of Peru from Spain.
    • 1854 – USS Constellation (1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy, is commissioned.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church: Confederate troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive Union forces from Atlanta, Georgia.
    • 1866 – At the age of 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).
    • 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
    • 1896 – The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated.
    • 1914 – In the culmination of the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, igniting World War I.
    • 1915 – The United States begins a 19-year occupation of Haiti.
    • 1917 – The Silent Parade took place in New York City, in protest to murders, lynchings, and other violence directed towards African Americans.
    • 1932 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the “Bonus Army” of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
    • 1935 – First flight of the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
    • 1938 – Hawaii Clipper disappears between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific China Clipper service.
    • 1939 – The Sutton Hoo helmet is discovered.
    • 1942 – World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order No. 227. In response to alarming German advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a shtrafbat battalion, imprisonment in a Gulag, or execution.
    • 1943 – World War II: Operation Gomorrah: The Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg, Germany causing a firestorm that kills 42,000 German civilians.
    • 1945 – A U.S. Army B-25 bomber crashes into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building killing 14 and injuring 26.
    • 1957 – Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, western Kyushu, Japan, kills 992.
    • 1960 – The German Volkswagen Act came into force.
    • 1965 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
    • 1973 – Summer Jam at Watkins Glen: Nearly 600,000 people attend a rock festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
    • 1974 – Spetsgruppa A, Russia’s elite special force, was formed.
    • 1976 – The Tangshan earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 moment magnitude flattens Tangshan in the People’s Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
    • 1984 – The Summer Olympics officially known as the games of the XXIII were opened in Los Angeles.
    • 1996 – The remains of a prehistoric man are discovered near Kennewick, Washington. Such remains will be known as the Kennewick Man.
    • 2001 – Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championship.
    • 2002 – Nine coal miners trapped in the flooded Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, are rescued after 77 hours underground.
    • 2002 – Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9560 crashes after takeoff from Sheremetyevo International Airport in Moscow, Russia, killing 14 of the 16 people on board.
    • 2005 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
    • 2010 – Airblue Flight 202 crashes into the Margalla Hills north of Islamabad, Pakistan, killing all 152 people aboard. It is the deadliest aviation accident in Pakistan history and the first involving an Airbus A321.
    • 2011 – While flying from Seoul, South Korea to Shanghai, China, Asiana Airlines Flight 991 develops an in-flight fire in the cargo hold. The Boeing 747-400F freighter attempts to divert to Jeju International Airport, but crashes into the sea South-West of Jeju island, killing both crew members on board.
    • 2017 – Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif was disqualified for lifetime by Supreme Court of Pakistan founding him guilty of corruption charges.
    • 2018 – Australian Wendy Tuck becomes the first woman skipper to win the Clipper Round the World Yacht Race.

    Births on July 28

    • 1347 – Margaret of Durazzo, Queen of Naples and Hungary (d. 1412)
    • 1516 – William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman (d. 1592)
    • 1609 – Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (d. 1660)
    • 1635 – Robert Hooke, English physicist and chemist (d. 1703)
    • 1645 – Marguerite Louise d’Orléans, French princess (d. 1721)
    • 1659 – Charles Ancillon, French jurist and diplomat (d. 1715)
    • 1746 – Thomas Heyward, Jr., American judge and politician (d. 1809)
    • 1750 – Fabre d’Églantine, French actor, playwright, and politician (d. 1794)
    • 1783 – Friedrich Wilhelm von Bismarck, German army officer and writer (d. 1860)
    • 1796 – Ignaz Bösendorfer, Austrian businessman, founded the Bösendorfer Company (d. 1859)
    • 1804 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German anthropologist and philosopher (d. 1872)
    • 1815 – Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian colonel (d. 1889)
    • 1844 – Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889)
    • 1857 – Ballington Booth, English-American activist, co-founded Volunteers of America (d. 1940)
    • 1860 – Elias M. Ammons, American businessman and politician, 19th Governor of Colorado (d. 1925)
    • 1860 – Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (d. 1922)
    • 1863 – Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian general (d. 1919)
    • 1866 – Beatrix Potter, English children’s book writer and illustrator (d. 1943)
    • 1866 – Albertson Van Zo Post, American fencer (d. 1938)
    • 1867 – Charles Dillon Perrine, American-Argentinian astronomer (d. 1951)
    • 1872 – Albert Sarraut, French journalist and politician, 106th Prime Minister of France (d. 1962)
    • 1874 – Ernst Cassirer, Polish-American philosopher and academic (d. 1945)
    • 1879 – Lucy Burns, American activist, co-founded the National Woman’s Party (d. 1966)
    • 1879 – Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter (d. 1944)
    • 1887 – Marcel Duchamp, French-American painter and sculptor (d. 1968)
    • 1887 – Willard Price, Canadian-American journalist and author (d. 1983)
    • 1893 – Rued Langgaard, Danish organist and composer (d. 1952)
    • 1896 – Barbara La Marr, American actress and screenwriter (d. 1926)
    • 1898 – Lawrence Gray, American actor (d. 1970)
    • 1901 – Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1979)
    • 1901 – Rudy Vallée, American actor, singer, and saxophonist (d. 1986)
    • 1902 – Albert Namatjira, Australian painter (d. 1959)
    • 1902 – Sir Karl Popper, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (d. 1994)
    • 1907 – Earl Tupper, American inventor and businessman, founded Tupperware Brands (d. 1983)
    • 1909 – Aenne Burda, German publisher (d. 2005)
    • 1909 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist and poet (d. 1957)
    • 1914 – Carmen Dragon, American conductor and composer (d. 1984)
    • 1915 – Charles Hard Townes, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2015)
    • 1915 – Dick Sprang, American illustrator (d. 2000)
    • 1915 – Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician (d. 1998)
    • 1916 – David Brown, American journalist and producer (d. 2010)
    • 1920 – Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American director and producer (d. 2014)
    • 1922 – Jacques Piccard, Belgian-Swiss oceanographer and engineer (d. 2008)
    • 1923 – Ray Ellis, American conductor and producer (d. 2008)
    • 1924 – Luigi Musso, Italian race car driver (d. 1958)
    • 1924 – C. T. Vivian, American minister, author, and activist
    • 1925 – Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2011)
    • 1926 – Charlie Biddle, American-Canadian bassist (d. 2003)
    • 1927 – John Ashbery, American poet (d. 2017)
    • 1929 – Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, American journalist and socialite, 37th First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)
    • 1929 – Shirley Ann Grau, American novelist and short story writer
    • 1930 – Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Junior Kimbrough, American singer and guitarist (d. 1998)
    • 1930 – Jean Roba, Belgian author and illustrator (d. 2006)
    • 1930 – Ramsey Muir Withers, Canadian general (d. 2014)
    • 1931 – Alan Brownjohn, English poet and author
    • 1931 – Johnny Martin, Australian cricketer (d. 1992)
    • 1932 – Natalie Babbitt, American author and illustrator (d. 2016)
    • 1932 – Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ustra, Brazilian colonel (d. 2015)
    • 1933 – Charlie Hodge, Canadian ice hockey player and scout (d. 2016)
    • 1934 – Jacques d’Amboise, American dancer and choreographer
    • 1935 – Neil McKendrick, English historian and academic
    • 1936 – Russ Jackson, Canadian football player and coach
    • 1936 – Garfield Sobers, Barbadian cricketer
    • 1937 – Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter
    • 1938 – Luis Aragonés, Spanish footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2014)
    • 1938 – Arsen Dedić, Croatian singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2015)
    • 1938 – Alberto Fujimori, Peruvian engineer, academic, and politician, 90th President of Peru
    • 1938 – Chuan Leekpai, Thai lawyer and politician, 20th Prime Minister of Thailand
    • 1939 – Richard Johns, English air marshal
    • 1940 – Philip Proctor, American voice actor and screenwriter
    • 1941 – Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor and educator
    • 1941 – Susan Roces, Filipino actress and producer
    • 1942 – Marty Brennaman, American sportscaster
    • 1942 – Tonia Marketaki, Greek director and screenwriter (d. 1994)
    • 1943 – Mike Bloomfield, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 1981)
    • 1943 – Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician
    • 1943 – Richard Wright, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (d. 2008)
    • 1945 – Jim Davis, American cartoonist, created Garfield
    • 1946 – Jonathan Edwards, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1946 – Linda Kelsey, American actress
    • 1946 – Fahmida Riaz, Pakistani poet and activist
    • 1947 – Peter Cosgrove, Australian general and politician, 26th Governor General of Australia
    • 1947 – Sally Struthers, American actress
    • 1948 – Gerald Casale, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and director
    • 1948 – Eiichi Ohtaki, Japanese singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1949 – Vida Blue, American baseball player and sportscaster
    • 1949 – Peter Doyle, Australian singer and guitarist (d. 2001)
    • 1949 – Simon Kirke, English drummer
    • 1949 – Steve Peregrin Took, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1980)
    • 1949 – Randall Wallace, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1950 – Shahyar Ghanbari, Iranian singer-songwriter
    • 1950 – Tapley Seaton, Kittitian politician, 4th Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis
    • 1951 – Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect and engineer, designed the Athens Olympic Sports Complex
    • 1951 – Doug Collins, American basketball player and coach
    • 1951 – Gregg Giuffria, American rock musician and businessman
    • 1951 – Ray Kennedy, English footballer
    • 1952 – Vajiralongkorn, King of Thailand
    • 1954 – Hugo Chávez, Venezuelan colonel and politician, President of Venezuela (d. 2013)
    • 1954 – Gerd Faltings, German mathematician and academic
    • 1954 – Steve Morse, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1954 – Mikey Sheehy, Irish footballer
    • 1955 – Nikolay Zimyatov, Russian skier
    • 1956 – John Feinstein, American journalist and author
    • 1956 – Robert Swan, English explorer
    • 1958 – Terry Fox, Canadian runner and activist (d. 1981)
    • 1958 – Michael Hitchcock, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1959 – William T. Vollmann, American novelist, short story writer and journalist
    • 1960 – Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Jon J. Muth, American author and illustrator
    • 1960 – Yōichi Takahashi, Japanese illustrator
    • 1961 – Yannick Dalmas, French race car driver
    • 1962 – Rachel Sweet, American singer, television writer, and actress
    • 1964 – Lori Loughlin, American actress
    • 1965 – Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer
    • 1966 – Sossina M. Haile, Ethiopian American chemist
    • 1966 – Miguel Ángel Nadal, Spanish footballer
    • 1966 – Jimmy Pardo, American stand-up comedian, actor, and host
    • 1966 – Shikao Suga, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1967 – Taka Hirose, Japanese bass player
    • 1969 – Garth Snow, American ice hockey player and manager
    • 1969 – Alexis Arquette, American actress (d. 2016)
    • 1970 – Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
    • 1970 – Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian figure skater
    • 1970 – Paul Strang, Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
    • 1971 – Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
    • 1971 – Ludmilla Lacueva Canut, Andorran writer
    • 1971 – Stephen Lynch, American singer-songwriter and actor
    • 1971 – Annie Perreault, Canadian speed skater
    • 1972 – Robert Chapman, English cricketer
    • 1973 – Marc Dupré, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1973 – Steve Staios, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1974 – Alexis Tsipras, Greek engineer and politician, 186th Prime Minister of Greece
    • 1974 – Elizabeth Berkley, American actress
    • 1975 – Leonor Watling, Spanish actress
    • 1976 – Jacoby Shaddix, American singer-songwriter
    • 1977 – Aki Berg, Finnish-Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Manu Ginóbili, Argentinian basketball player
    • 1977 – Miyabiyama Tetsushi, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1978 – Kārlis Vērdiņš, Latvian poet
    • 1978 – Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1979 – Henrik Hansen, Danish footballer
    • 1979 – Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1979 – Lee Min-woo, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1979 – Alena Popchanka, Belarusian-French swimmer and coach
    • 1980 – Stephen Christian, American singer-songwriter
    • 1980 – Anthony Weaver, American football player
    • 1981 – Michael Carrick, English footballer
    • 1983 – Sam Dastyari, Iranian-Australian politician
    • 1983 – Cody Hay, Canadian figure skater
    • 1984 – Zach Parise, American ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Mathieu Debuchy, French footballer
    • 1985 – Dustin Milligan, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1985 – Darren Murphy, Irish footballer
    • 1986 – Alexandra Chando, American actress
    • 1986 – Lauri Korpikoski, Finnish ice hockey player
    • 1986 – Dulquer Salmaan, Indian actor
    • 1987 – Yasser Corona, Mexican footballer
    • 1987 – Yevhen Khacheridi, Ukrainian-Greek footballer
    • 1987 – Pedro, Spanish footballer
    • 1988 – Greg Hardy, American football player
    • 1989 – Felipe Kitadai, Brazilian martial artist
    • 1990 – Soulja Boy, American rapper, producer, and actor
    • 1990 – Simone Pizzuti, Italian footballer
    • 1993 – Harry Kane, English footballer
    • 1993 – Moses Odubajo, English footballer
    • 1993 – Cher Lloyd, English singer-songwriter
    • 1995 – Josh Addo-Carr, Australian rugby league player

    Deaths on July 28

    • 450 – Theodosius II, Roman emperor (b. 401)
    • 938 – Thankmar, half-brother of Otto I (during Siege of Eresburg) (b. c. 908)
    • 942 – Shi Jingtang, emperor of Later Jin (b. 892)
    • 1057 – Victor II, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1018)
    • 1128 – William Clito, English son of Sybilla of Conversano (b. 1102)
    • 1230 – Leopold VI, Duke of Austria (b. 1176)
    • 1271 – Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (b. 1220)
    • 1285 – Keran, Queen of Armenia
    • 1333 – Guy VIII of Viennois, Dauphin of Vienne (b. 1309)
    • 1345 – Sancia of Majorca, queen regent of Naples (b. c. 1285)
    • 1458 – John II, king of Cyprus and Armenia
    • 1488 – Edward Woodville, Lord Scales (at the Battle of St. Aubin-du-Cormier)
    • 1508 – Robert Blackadder, bishop of Glasgow
    • 1527 – Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish explorer, founded the city of Santa Marta (b. 1460)
    • 1540 – Thomas Cromwell, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1495)
    • 1585 – Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford (b. 1527)
    • 1631 – Guillén de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish playwright (b. 1569)
    • 1655 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet and playwright (b. 1619)
    • 1667 – Abraham Cowley, English poet and author (b. 1618)
    • 1675 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer and politician (b. 1605)
    • 1685 – Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English politician and diplomat, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (b. 1618)
    • 1718 – Étienne Baluze, French scholar and academic (b. 1630)
    • 1741 – Antonio Vivaldi, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1678)
    • 1750 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German organist and composer (b. 1685)
    • 1762 – George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (b. 1691)
    • 1794 – Maximilien Robespierre, French lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the Committee of Public Safety (b. 1758)
    • 1794 – Louis Antoine de Saint-Just, French soldier and politician (b. 1767)
    • 1808 – Selim III, Ottoman sultan (b. 1761)
    • 1809 – Richard Beckett, English cricketer and captain (b.1772)
    • 1818 – Gaspard Monge, French mathematician and engineer (b. 1746)
    • 1835 – Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise, French general and politician, 15th Prime Minister of France (b. 1768)
    • 1836 – Nathan Mayer Rothschild, German-English banker and financier (b. 1777)
    • 1842 – Clemens Brentano, German author and poet (b. 1778)
    • 1844 – Joseph Bonaparte, French diplomat and brother of Napoleon (b. 1768)
    • 1849 – Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)
    • 1869 – Jan Evangelista Purkyně, Czech anatomist and physiologist (b. 1787)
    • 1878 – George Law Curry, American publisher and politician (b. 1820)
    • 1885 – Moses Montefiore, British philanthropist, sheriff and banker (b. 1784)
    • 1895 – Edward Beecher, American minister and theologian (b. 1803)
    • 1930 – John DeWitt, American hammer thrower (b. 1881)
    • 1930 – Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist and optician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862)
    • 1933 – Nishinoumi Kajirō III, Japanese sumo wrestler, 30th yokozuna (b. 1890)
    • 1934 – Marie Dressler, Canadian-American actress and singer (b. 1868)
    • 1934 – Louis Tancred, South African cricketer and pilot (b. 1876)
    • 1935 – Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871)
    • 1942 – Flinders Petrie, English archaeologist and academic (b. 1853)
    • 1946 – Saint Alphonsa, first woman of Indian origin to be Canonization as a saint by the Catholic Church (b. 1910)
    • 1957 – Edith Abbott, American economist, social worker, and educator (b. 1876)
    • 1957 – Isaac Heinemann, German-Israeli scholar and academic (b. 1876)
    • 1965 – Edogawa Ranpo, Japanese author and critic (b. 1894)
    • 1965 – Attallah Suheimat, Jordanian politician (b. 1875)
    • 1967 – Karl W. Richter, American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1942)
    • 1968 – Otto Hahn, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
    • 1969 – Ramón Grau, Cuban physician and politician, 6th President of Cuba (b. 1882)
    • 1969 – Frank Loesser, American composer (b. 1910)
    • 1971 – Lawrence Moore Cosgrave, Canadian colonel and diplomat (b. 1890)
    • 1971 – Myril Hoag, American baseball player (b. 1908)
    • 1971 – Charles E. Pont, French-American minister and painter (b. 1898)
    • 1972 – Helen Traubel, American soprano and actress (b. 1903)
    • 1979 – Don Miller, American football player and coach (b. 1902)
    • 1979 – Charles Shadwell, English conductor and bandleader (b. 1898)
    • 1980 – Rose Rand, Austrian-born American logician and philosopher (b. 1903)
    • 1981 – Stanley Rother, American priest and missionary (b. 1935)
    • 1982 – Keith Green, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1953)
    • 1987 – Jack Renshaw, Australian politician, 31st Premier of New South Wales (b. 1909)
    • 1990 – Jill Esmond, English actress (b. 1908)
    • 1992 – Sulev Nõmmik, Estonian actor and director (b. 1931)
    • 1993 – Stanley Woods, Irish motorcycle racer (b. 1903)
    • 1996 – Roger Tory Peterson, American ornithologist and academic (b. 1908)
    • 1997 – Rosalie Crutchley, English actress (b. 1920)
    • 1997 – Seni Pramoj, Thai lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1905)
    • 1998 – Zbigniew Herbert, Polish poet and author (b. 1924)
    • 1998 – Lenny McLean, English boxer, actor, and author (b. 1949)
    • 1998 – Consalvo Sanesi, Italian race car driver (b. 1911)
    • 1999 – Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
    • 2000 – Abraham Pais, Dutch-American physicist and historian (b. 1918)
    • 2001 – Ahmed Sofa, Bangladeshi poet, author, and critic (b. 1943)
    • 2002 – Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
    • 2003 – Valerie Goulding, Irish activist and politician (b. 1918)
    • 2004 – Francis Crick, English biologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916)
    • 2004 – Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist and author (b. 1938)
    • 2006 – David Gemmell, English author (b. 1948)
    • 2007 – Karl Gotch, Belgian-American wrestler and trainer (b. 1924)
    • 2007 – Jim LeRoy, American soldier and pilot (b. 1961)
    • 2009 – Jim Johnson, American football player and coach (b. 1941)
    • 2011 – Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan general (b. 1944)
    • 2012 – Colin Horsley, New Zealand-English pianist and educator (b. 1920)
    • 2012 – Sepp Mayerl, Austrian mountaineer (b. 1937)
    • 2012 – William F. Milliken Jr., American race car driver and engineer (b. 1911)
    • 2013 – Mustafa Adrisi, Ugandan general and politician, 3rd Vice President of Uganda (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Eileen Brennan, American actress and singer (b. 1932)
    • 2013. – Rita Reys, Dutch jazz singer (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – William Scranton, American captain and politician, 13th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1917)
    • 2013 – Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (b. 1914)
    • 2014 – Margot Adler, American journalist and author (b. 1946)
    • 2014 – Alex Forbes, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Alakbar Mammadov, Azerbaijani footballer and manager (b. 1930)
    • 2014 – Theodore Van Kirk, American soldier, pilot, and navigator (b. 1921)
    • 2015 – Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (b. 1950)
    • 2015 – Edward Natapei, Vanuatuan politician, 6th Prime Minister of Vanuatu (b. 1954)
    • 2015 – Clive Rice, South African cricketer and coach (b. 1949)
    • 2016 – Émile Derlin Zinsou, Beninese politician (b. 1918)
    • 2016 – Mahasweta Devi, Indian Bengali fiction writer and socio-political activist (b. 1926)
    • 2018 – Wanny van Gils, Dutch footballer (b. 1959)

    Holidays and observances on July 28

    • Christian feast day:
      • Alphonsa Muttathupadathu (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church)
      • Botvid
      • Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederick Handel, Henry Purcell (Episcopal Church commemoration)
      • Johann Sebastian Bach, Heinrich Schütz, George Frederick Handel (Lutheran commemoration)
      • Nazarius and Celsus
      • Pedro Poveda Castroverde
      • Pope Innocent I
      • Pope Victor I
      • Samson of Dol
      • July 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of Commemoration of the Great Upheaval (Canada)
    • Earliest day on which Emancipation Day can fall, while August 3 is the latest; celebrated on Thursday before the first Monday in August (Bermuda)
    • Fiestas Patrias, celebrates the independence of Peru from Spain by General José de San Martín in 1821.
    • Liberation Day (San Marino)
    • Ólavsøka Eve (Faroe Islands)
    • World Hepatitis Day

  • July 25 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
    • 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I’s victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge.
    • 677 – Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica by the Slavs in a three-day assault on the city walls.
    • 864 – The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings.
    • 1137 – Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Prince Louis, later King Louis VII of France, at the Cathedral of Saint-André in Bordeaux.
    • 1139 – Battle of Ourique: The Almoravids, led by Ali ibn Yusuf, are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques who is proclaimed King of Portugal.
    • 1261 – The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Alexios Strategopoulos, re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.
    • 1278 – The naval Battle of Algeciras takes place in the context of the Spanish Reconquista resulting in a victory for the Emirate of Granada and the Maranid Dynasty over the Kingdom of Castile.
    • 1467 – The Battle of Molinella: The first battle in Italy in which firearms are used extensively.
    • 1536 – Sebastián de Belalcázar on his search of El Dorado founds the city of Santiago de Cali.
    • 1538 – The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.
    • 1547 – Henry II of France is crowned.
    • 1554 – Mary I marries Philip II of Spain at Winchester Cathedral.
    • 1567 – Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela.
    • 1593 – Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
    • 1603 – James VI of Scotland is crowned king of England (James I of England), bringing the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland into personal union. Political union would occur in 1707.
    • 1609 – The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there.
    • 1693 – Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Mexico.
    • 1722 – Dummer’s War begins along the Maine-Massachusetts border.
    • 1755 – British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council order the deportation of the Acadians.
    • 1759 – French and Indian War: In Western New York, British forces capture Fort Niagara from the French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.
    • 1783 – American Revolutionary War: The war’s last action, the Siege of Cuddalore, is ended by a preliminary peace agreement.
    • 1788 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart completes his Symphony No. 40 in G minor (K550).
    • 1792 – The Brunswick Manifesto is issued to the population of Paris promising vengeance if the French royal family is harmed.
    • 1797 – Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife (Spain).
    • 1799 – At Abu Qir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha.
    • 1814 – War of 1812: An American attack on Canada is repulsed.
    • 1824 – Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua.
    • 1837 – The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone.
    • 1853 – Joaquin Murrieta, the famous Californio bandit known as the “Robin Hood of El Dorado”, is killed.
    • 1861 – American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
    • 1866 – The United States Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army. Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to be promoted to this rank.
    • 1868 – The Wyoming Territory is established.
    • 1869 – The Japanese daimyōs begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869).
    • 1894 – The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.
    • 1898 – In the Puerto Rican Campaign, the United States seizes Puerto Rico from Spain.
    • 1908 – Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in kombu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), and patents a process for manufacturing it.
    • 1909 – Louis Blériot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine from Calais to Dover, England, United Kingdom in 37 minutes.
    • 1915 – RFC Captain Lanoe Hawker becomes the first British pursuit aviator to earn the Victoria Cross.
    • 1917 – Sir Robert Borden introduces the first income tax in Canada as a “temporary” measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
    • 1925 – Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.
    • 1934 – The Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
    • 1940 – General Henri Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and makes surrender illegal.
    • 1942 – The Norwegian Manifesto calls for nonviolent resistance to the German occupation.
    • 1943 – World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by the Grand Council of Fascism and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.
    • 1944 – World War II: Operation Spring is one of the bloodiest days for the First Canadian Army during the war.
    • 1946 – Nuclear weapons testing: Operation Crossroads: An atomic bomb is detonated underwater in the lagoon of Bikini Atoll.
    • 1956 – Forty-five miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria collides with the MS Stockholm in heavy fog and sinks the next day, killing 51.
    • 1957 – The Republic of Tunisia is proclaimed, under President Habib Bourguiba.
    • 1958 – The African Regroupment Party (PRA) holds its first congress in Cotonou.
    • 1961 – Cold War: In a speech John F. Kennedy emphasizes that any attack on Berlin is an attack on NATO.
    • 1965 – Bob Dylan goes electric at the Newport Folk Festival, signaling a major change in folk and rock music.
    • 1969 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine, stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This is the start of the “Vietnamization” of the war.
    • 1973 – Soviet Mars 5 space probe is launched.
    • 1976 – Viking program: Viking 1 takes the famous Face on Mars photo.
    • 1978 – Puerto Rican police shoot two nationalists in the Cerro Maravilla murders.
    • 1978 – Birth of Louise Joy Brown, the first human to have been born after conception by in vitro fertilisation, or IVF.
    • 1979 – Another section of the Sinai Peninsula is peacefully returned by Israel to Egypt.
    • 1983 – Black July: Thirty-seven Tamil political prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo are massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners.
    • 1984 – Salyut 7 cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.
    • 1993 – Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability, and the Lebanese call the Seven-Day War.
    • 1993 – The Saint James Church massacre occurs in Kenilworth, Cape Town, South Africa.
    • 1994 – Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration, that formally ends the state of war that had existed between the nations since 1948.
    • 1995 – A gas bottle explodes in Saint Michel station of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). Eight are killed and 80 wounded.
    • 1996 – In a military coup in Burundi, Pierre Buyoya deposes Sylvestre Ntibantunganya.
    • 2000 – Concorde Air France Flight 4590 crashes at Paris Charles de Gaulle airport, killing 113 people.
    • 2007 – Pratibha Patil is sworn in as India’s first female president.
    • 2010 – WikiLeaks publishes classified documents about the War in Afghanistan, one of the largest leaks in U.S. military history.
    • 2018 – As-Suwayda attacks: Coordinated attacks occur in Syria.
    • 2019 – National extreme heat records set this day in the UK, Belgium and Germany during the July 2019 European heatwave.

    Births on July 25

    • 975 – Thietmar, bishop of Merseburg (d. 1018)
    • 1016 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)
    • 1109 – Afonso I, king of Portugal (d. 1185)
    • 1165 – Ibn Arabi, Andalusian Sufi mystic, poet, and philosopher (d. 1240)
    • 1261 – Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1312)
    • 1291 – Hawys Gadarn, Welsh noblewoman (d. 1353)
    • 1336 – Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1404)
    • 1394 – James I, king of Scotland (d. 1437)
    • 1404 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant (d. 1430)
    • 1421 – Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, English politician (d. 1461)
    • 1450 – Jakob Wimpfeling, Renaissance humanist (d. 1528)
    • 1486 – Albrecht VII, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1547)
    • 1498 – Hernando de Aragón, Archbishop of Zaragoza (d. 1575)
    • 1532 – Alphonsus Rodriguez, Jesuit lay brother and saint (d. 1617)
    • 1556 – George Peele, English translator, poet, and dramatist (d. 1596)
    • 1562 – Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese warlord (d. 1611)
    • 1573 – Christoph Scheiner, German astronomer and Jesuit (d. 1650)
    • 1581 – Brian Twyne, English archivist (d. 1644)
    • 1605 – Theodore Haak, German scholar (d. 1690)
    • 1633 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (d. 1701)
    • 1654 – Agostino Steffani, Italian composer and diplomat (d. 1728)
    • 1657 – Philipp Heinrich Erlebach, German composer (d. 1714)
    • 1658 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish general (d. 1703)
    • 1683 – Pieter Langendijk, Dutch playwright and poet (d. 1756)
    • 1750 – Henry Knox, American general and politician, 1st United States Secretary of War (d. 1806)
    • 1753 – Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires, French-Spanish captain and politician, 10th Viceroy of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (d. 1810)
    • 1797 – Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1889)
    • 1806 – Maria Weston Chapman, American abolitionist (d. 1885)
    • 1839 – Francis Garnier, French captain and explorer (d. 1873)
    • 1844 – Thomas Eakins, American painter, sculptor, and photographer (d. 1916)
    • 1847 – Paul Langerhans, German pathologist, physiologist and biologist (d. 1888)
    • 1848 – Arthur Balfour, Scottish-English lieutenant and politician, 33rd Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1930)
    • 1857 – Frank J. Sprague, American naval officer and inventor (d. 1934)
    • 1865 – Jac. P. Thijsse, Dutch botanist and conservationist (d. 1945)
    • 1866 – Frederick Blackman, English physiologist and academic (d. 1947)
    • 1867 – Max Dauthendey, German author and painter (d. 1918)
    • 1867 – Alexander Rummler, American painter (d. 1959)
    • 1869 – Platon, Estonian bishop and saint (d. 1919)
    • 1870 – Maxfield Parrish, American painter and illustrator (d. 1966)
    • 1875 – Jim Corbett, Indian hunter, environmentalist, and author (d. 1955)
    • 1878 – Masaharu Anesaki, Japanese philosopher and scholar (d. 1949)
    • 1882 – George S. Rentz, American commander (d. 1942)
    • 1883 – Alfredo Casella, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1947)
    • 1886 – Edward Cummins, American golfer (d. 1926)
    • 1894 – Walter Brennan, American actor (d. 1974)
    • 1894 – Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian Serb revolutionary (d. 1918)
    • 1895 – Ingeborg Spangsfeldt, Danish actress (d. 1968)
    • 1896 – Jack Perrin, American actor and stuntman (d. 1967)
    • 1896 – Josephine Tey, Scottish author and playwright (d. 1952)
    • 1901 – Ruth Krauss, American author and poet (d. 1993)
    • 1901 – Mohammed Helmy, Egyptian physician and Righteous Among the Nations (d.1982)
    • 1901 – Lila Lee, American actress and singer (d. 1973)
    • 1902 – Eric Hoffer, American philosopher and author (d. 1983)
    • 1905 – Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-Swiss novelist, playwright, and memoirist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
    • 1905 – Georges Grignard, French race car driver (d. 1977)
    • 1905 – Denys Watkins-Pitchford, English author and illustrator (d. 1990)
    • 1906 – Johnny Hodges, American saxophonist and clarinet player (d. 1970)
    • 1908 – Bill Bowes, English cricketer (d. 1987)
    • 1908 – Ambroise-Marie Carré, French priest and author (d. 2004)
    • 1908 – Jack Gilford, American actor (d. 1990)
    • 1914 – Woody Strode, American football player and actor (d. 1994)
    • 1915 – S. U. Ethirmanasingham, Sri Lankan businessman and politician
    • 1915 – Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American lieutenant and pilot (d. 1944)
    • 1916 – Lucien Saulnier, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1989)
    • 1917 – Fritz Honegger, Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 1999)
    • 1918 – Jane Frank, American painter and sculptor (d. 1986)
    • 1920 – Rosalind Franklin, English biophysicist, chemist, and academic (d. 1958)
    • 1921 – Adolph Herseth, American soldier and trumpet player (d. 2013)
    • 1921 – Lionel Terray, French mountaineer (d. 1965)
    • 1923 – Estelle Getty, American actress (d. 2008)
    • 1923 – Edgar Gilbert, American mathematician and theorist (d. 2013)
    • 1923 – Maria Gripe, Swedish journalist and author (d. 2007)
    • 1924 – Frank Church, American lawyer and politician (d. 1984)
    • 1924 – Scotch Taylor, South African cricketer and hockey player (d. 2004)
    • 1925 – Benny Benjamin, American R&B drummer (The Funk Brothers) (d. 1969)
    • 1925 – Jerry Paris, American actor and director (d. 1986)
    • 1925 – Dick Passwater, American race car driver
    • 1925 – Jutta Zilliacus, Finnish journalist and politician
    • 1926 – Whitey Lockman, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2009)
    • 1926 – Bernard Thompson, British television producer and director (d. 1998)
    • 1926 – Beatriz Segall, Brazilian actress (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – Daniel Ceccaldi, French actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003)
    • 1927 – Midge Decter, American journalist and author
    • 1927 – Sadiq Hussain Qureshi, Pakistani politician, 10th Governor of Punjab (d. 2000)
    • 1927 – Jean-Marie Seroney, Kenyan activist and politician (d. 1982)
    • 1928 – Dolphy, Filipino actor, singer, and producer (d. 2012)
    • 1928 – Mario Montenegro, Filipino actor (d. 1988)
    • 1928 – Nils Taube, Estonian-English businessman (d. 2008)
    • 1929 – Judd Buchanan, Canadian businessman and politician, 36th Canadian Minister of Public Works
    • 1929 – Somnath Chatterjee, Indian lawyer and politician, 14th Speaker of the Lok Sabha (d. 2018)
    • 1929 – Eddie Mazur, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1995)
    • 1930 – Murray Chapple, New Zealand cricketer and manager (d. 1985)
    • 1930 – Maureen Forrester, Canadian actress and singer (d. 2010)
    • 1930 – Alice Parizeau, Polish-Canadian journalist and criminologist (d. 1990)
    • 1930 – Herbert Scarf, American economist and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1930 – Annie Ross, Scottish-American singer and actress
    • 1931 – James Butler, English sculptor and educator
    • 1932 – Paul J. Weitz, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2017)
    • 1934 – Don Ellis, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1978)
    • 1934 – Claude Zidi, French director and screenwriter
    • 1935 – Barbara Harris, American actress and singer (d. 2018)
    • 1935 – Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi Arabian businessman (d. 2017)
    • 1935 – Gilbert Parent, Canadian educator and politician, 33rd Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – John Robinson, American football player and coach
    • 1935 – Larry Sherry, American baseball player and coach (d. 2006)
    • 1935 – Lars Werner, Swedish lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
    • 1936 – Gerry Ashmore, English race car driver
    • 1936 – Glenn Murcutt, English-Australian architect and academic
    • 1937 – Colin Renfrew, Baron Renfrew of Kaimsthorn, English archaeologist and academic
    • 1940 – Richard Ballantine, American-English journalist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1941 – Manny Charlton, Spanish-born Scottish rock musician and songwriter
    • 1941 – Nate Thurmond, American basketball player (d. 2016)
    • 1941 – Emmett Till, American lynching victim (d. 1955)
    • 1942 – Bruce Woodley, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Jim McCarty, English singer and drummer
    • 1943 – Erika Steinbach, Polish-German politician
    • 1944 – Sally Beauman, English journalist and author (d. 2016)
    • 1946 – José Areas, Nicaraguan drummer
    • 1946 – Nicole Farhi, French fashion designer and sculptor
    • 1946 – John Gibson, American radio host
    • 1946 – Rita Marley, Cuban-Jamaican singer
    • 1946 – P. Selvarasa, Sri Lankan politician
    • 1946 – Ljupka Dimitrovska, Macedonian-Croatian pop singer (d. 2016)
    • 1948 – Steve Goodman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1984)
    • 1950 – Mark Clarke, English singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1951 – Jack Thompson, American lawyer and activist
    • 1951 – Verdine White, American bass player and producer
    • 1952 – Eduardo Souto de Moura, Portuguese architect, designed the Estádio Municipal de Braga
    • 1953 – Joseph A. Tunzi, Chicago based author, foremost expert on Elvis Presley
    • 1953 – Robert Zoellick, American banker and politician, 14th United States Deputy Secretary of State
    • 1954 – Ken Greer, Canadian guitarist, keyboard player, and producer
    • 1954 – Sheena McDonald, Scottish journalist
    • 1954 – Walter Payton, American football player and race car driver (d. 1999)
    • 1954 – Jochem Ziegert, German footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Iman, Somalian-English model and actress
    • 1955 – Randall Bewley, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1956 – Andy Goldsworthy, English-Scottish sculptor and photographer
    • 1956 – Frances Arnold, American scientist and engineer
    • 1957 – Mark Hunter, English politician
    • 1957 – Steve Podborski, Canadian skier
    • 1958 – Alexei Filippenko, American astrophysicist and academic
    • 1958 – Thurston Moore, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1959 – Fyodor Cherenkov, Russian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
    • 1959 – Geoffrey Zakarian, American chef and author
    • 1960 – Alain Robidoux, Canadian snooker player
    • 1960 – Justice Howard, American photographer
    • 1960 – Māris Martinsons, Latvian film director, producer, screenwriter, and editor
    • 1962 – Carin Bakkum, Dutch tennis player
    • 1962 – Doug Drabek, American baseball player and coach
    • 1963 – Denis Coderre, Canadian politician, 44th Mayor of Montreal
    • 1963 – Julian Hodgson, Welsh chess player
    • 1964 – Anne Applebaum, American journalist and author
    • 1964 – Tony Granato, American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1964 – Breuk Iversen, American designer and journalist
    • 1965 – Marty Brown, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Illeana Douglas, American actress, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Dale Shearer, Australian rugby league player
    • 1966 – Daryl Halligan, New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster
    • 1966 – Maureen Herman, American bass player
    • 1966 – Diana Johnson, English politician
    • 1967 – Matt LeBlanc, American actor and producer
    • 1967 – Ruth Peetoom, Dutch minister and politician
    • 1967 – Tommy Skjerven, Norwegian footballer and referee
    • 1968 – Rudi Bryson, South African cricketer
    • 1968 – Shi Tao, Chinese journalist and poet
    • 1969 – Jon Barry, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1969 – Annastacia Palaszczuk, Australian politician, 39th Premier of Queensland
    • 1971 – Roger Creager, American singer-songwriter
    • 1971 – Tracy Murray, American basketball player
    • 1971 – Billy Wagner, American baseball player and coach
    • 1972 – David Penna, Australian rugby league player and coach
    • 1973 – Dani Filth, English singer-songwriter
    • 1973 – Kevin Phillips, English footballer
    • 1973 – Igli Tare, Albanian footballer
    • 1974 – Lauren Faust, American animator, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1974 – Julia Laffranque, Estonian lawyer and judge
    • 1974 – Kenzo Suzuki, Japanese rugby player and wrestler
    • 1975 – Jody Craddock, English footballer and coach
    • 1975 – Jean-Claude Darcheville, Guianan-French footballer
    • 1975 – El Zorro, Mexican wrestler
    • 1975 – Brian Gibson, American bass player
    • 1975 – Evgeni Nabokov, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1976 – Marcos Assunção, Brazilian footballer
    • 1976 – Jovica Tasevski-Eternijan, Macedonian poet and critic
    • 1976 – Javier Vázquez, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
    • 1977 – Kenny Thomas, American basketball player
    • 1978 – Gerard Warren, American football player
    • 1978 – Louise Brown, first human to be born via IVF
    • 1979 – Ali Carter, English snooker player
    • 1979 – Tom Lungley, English cricketer and umpire
    • 1980 – Shawn Riggans, American baseball player
    • 1980 – Toni Vilander, Finnish race car driver
    • 1980 – David Wachs, American actor and producer
    • 1980 – Scott Waldrom, New Zealand rugby player
    • 1981 – Conor Casey, American soccer player
    • 1981 – Constantinos Charalambidis, Cypriot footballer
    • 1981 – Yūichi Komano, Japanese footballer
    • 1981 – Mac Lethal, American rapper and producer
    • 1981 – Jani Rita, Finnish ice hockey player
    • 1982 – Brad Renfro, American actor and musician (d. 2008)
    • 1982 – Jason Dundas, Australian TV host
    • 1983 – Nenad Krstić, Serbian basketball player
    • 1984 – Loukas Mavrokefalidis, Greek basketball player
    • 1985 – James Lafferty, American actor and athlete
    • 1985 – Nelson Piquet Jr., Brazilian race car driver
    • 1985 – Hugo Rodallega, Colombian footballer
    • 1986 – Abraham Gneki Guié, Ivorian footballer
    • 1986 – Hulk, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Richard Bachman, American ice hockey player
    • 1987 – Mitchell Burgzorg, Dutch footballer and rapper
    • 1987 – Fernando, Brazilian footballer
    • 1987 – Jax Jones, English DJ, singer and songwriter
    • 1987 – Eran Zahavi, Israeli footballer
    • 1988 – John Goossens, Dutch footballer
    • 1988 – Tom Hiariej, Dutch footballer
    • 1988 – Stacey Kemp, English skater
    • 1988 – Paulinho, Brazilian footballer
    • 1988 – Anthony Stokes, Irish footballer
    • 1989 – Natalia Vieru, Russian basketball player
    • 1990 – Thodoris Karapetsas, Greek footballer
    • 1991 – Toni Duggan, English footballer
    • 1992 – Sergei Simonov, Russian ice hockey player (d. 2016)
    • 1997 – Nat Butcher, Australian rugby league player

    Deaths on July 25

    • 306 – Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor (b. 250)
    • 885 – Ragenold, margrave of Neustria
    • 1011 – Ichijō, emperor of Japan (b. 980)
    • 1190 – Sibylla, queen of Jerusalem
    • 1409 – Martin I, king of Sicily (b. 1376)
    • 1471 – Thomas à Kempis, German priest and mystic
    • 1472 – Charles of Artois, French nobleman (b. 1394)
    • 1492 – Innocent VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1432)
    • 1564 – Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1503)
    • 1572 – Isaac Luria, Ottoman rabbi and mystic (b. 1534)
    • 1608 – Pomponio Nenna, Italian composer (b. 1556)
    • 1616 – Andreas Libavius, German physician and chemist (b. 1550)
    • 1643 – Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English general and politician (b. 1584)
    • 1681 – Urian Oakes, English-American minister and educator (b. 1631)
    • 1790 – Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educator and reformer (b. 1723)
    • 1790 – William Livingston, American soldier and politician, 1st Governor of New Jersey (b. 1723)
    • 1791 – Isaac Low, American merchant and politician (b. 1735)
    • 1794 – André Chénier, Greek-French poet and author (b. 1762)
    • 1794 – Jean-Antoine Roucher, French poet and author (b. 1745)
    • 1794 – Friedrich von der Trenck, Prussian adventurer and author (b. 1726)
    • 1826 – Kondraty Ryleyev, Russian poet and publisher (b. 1795)
    • 1831 – Maria Szymanowska, Polish composer and pianist (b. 1789)
    • 1834 – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English philosopher, poet, and critic (b. 1772)
    • 1842 – Dominique Jean Larrey, French physician and surgeon (b. 1766)
    • 1843 – Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and engineer (b. 1766)
    • 1861 – Jonas Furrer, Swiss lawyer and politician, President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1805)
    • 1865 – James Barry, English soldier and surgeon (b. 1799)
    • 1887 – John Taylor, American religious leader, 3rd President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1808)
    • 1934 – François Coty, French businessman, founded Coty, Inc. (b. 1874)
    • 1934 – Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian politician, 14th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1892)
    • 1942 – Fred Englehardt, American triple jumper (b. 1879)
    • 1952 – Herbert Murrill, English organist and composer (b. 1909)
    • 1958 – Otto Lasanen, Finnish wrestler (b. 1891)
    • 1959 – Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, Polish-born Irish rabbi and author (b. 1888)
    • 1962 – Thibaudeau Rinfret, Canadian lawyer and jurist, 9th Chief Justice of Canada (b. 1879)
    • 1963 – Ugo Cerletti, Italian neurologist and academic (b. 1877)
    • 1966 – Frank O’Hara, American poet and critic (b. 1926)
    • 1967 – Konstantinos Parthenis, Egyptian-Greek painter (b. 1878)
    • 1971 – John Meyers, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1880)
    • 1971 – Leroy Robertson, American composer and educator (b. 1896)
    • 1973 – Amy Jacques Garvey, Jamaican-American journalist and activist (b. 1895)
    • 1973 – Louis St. Laurent, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1882)
    • 1980 – Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1938)
    • 1981 – Rosa A. González, Puerto Rican nurse, author, feminist, and activist (b. 1889)
    • 1982 – Hal Foster, Canadian-American author and illustrator (b. 1892)
    • 1984 – Bryan Hextall, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1913)
    • 1984 – Big Mama Thornton, American singer-songwriter (b. 1926)
    • 1986 – Vincente Minnelli, American director and screenwriter (b. 1903)
    • 1988 – Judith Barsi, American child actress (b. 1978)
    • 1989 – Steve Rubell, American businessman, co-owner of Studio 54 (b. 1943)
    • 1991 – Lazar Kaganovich, Soviet politician (b. 1893)
    • 1992 – Alfred Drake, American actor and singer (b. 1914)
    • 1995 – Charlie Rich, American singer-songwriter (b. 1932)
    • 1997 – Ben Hogan, American golfer (b. 1912)
    • 1998 – Evangelos Papastratos, Greek businessman, co-founded Papastratos (b. 1910)
    • 2000 – Rudi Faßnacht, German footballer, coach, and manager (b. 1934)
    • 2002 – Abdel Rahman Badawi, Egyptian philosopher and poet (b. 1917)
    • 2003 – Ludwig Bölkow, German engineer (b. 1912)
    • 2003 – John Schlesinger, English actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
    • 2004 – John Passmore, Australian philosopher and academic (b. 1914)
    • 2005 – Albert Mangelsdorff, German trombonist (b. 1928)
    • 2006 – Ezra Fleischer, Romanian-Israeli poet and philologist (b. 1928)
    • 2007 – Bernd Jakubowski, German footballer and manager (b. 1952)
    • 2008 – Jeff Fehring, Australian footballer (b. 1955)
    • 2008 – Tracy Hall, American chemist and academic (b. 1919)
    • 2008 – Randy Pausch, American computer scientist and educator (b. 1960)
    • 2009 – Vernon Forrest, American boxer (b. 1971)
    • 2009 – Stanley Middleton, English author (b. 1919)
    • 2009 – Harry Patch, English soldier (b. 1898)
    • 2011 – Michael Cacoyannis, Cypriot-Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – B. R. Ishara, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1934)
    • 2012 – Barry Langford, English director and producer (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – Greg Mohns, American-Canadian football player and coach (b. 1950)
    • 2012 – Franz West, Austrian painter and sculptor (b. 1947)
    • 2013 – Walter De Maria, American sculptor, illustrator, and composer (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – William J. Guste, American lawyer and politician (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Hugh Huxley, English-American biologist and academic (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Bel Kaufman, German-American author and academic (b. 1911)
    • 2014 – Richard Larter, Australian painter and illustrator (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Jacques Andreani, French diplomat, French ambassador to the United States (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – R. S. Gavai, Indian lawyer and politician, 18th Governor of Kerala (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Bob Kauffman, American basketball player and coach (b. 1946)
    • 2017 – Michael Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1944)
    • 2018 – Sergio Marchionne, Italian-Canadian businessman(b. 1952)
    • 2019 – Beji Caid Essebsi , 4th President and 9th Prime Minister of Tunisia (b. 1926)

    Holidays and observances on July 25

    • Christian feast day:
      • Anne (Eastern Christianity)
      • Christopher (Western Christianity)
      • Cucuphas
      • Glodesind
      • James the Great (Western Christianity)
      • John I Agnus
      • Julian of Le Mans (translation)
      • Magnerich of Trier
      • July 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Earliest day on which Father’s Day can fall, while July 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Sunday in July. (Dominican Republic)
    • Earliest day on which National Tree Planting Day can fall, while July 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Sunday in July. (Australia)
    • Earliest day on which Navy Day can fall, while July 31 is the latest; celebrated on last Sunday in July. (Russia)
    • Guanacaste Day (Costa Rica)
    • National Baha’i Day (Jamaica)
    • National Day of Galicia (Galicia)
    • Puerto Rico Constitution Day (Puerto Rico)
    • Republic Day (Tunisia)

  • July 20 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • AD 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
    • 792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defeats Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI at the Battle of Marcellae.
    • 911 – Rollo lays siege to Chartres.
    • 1189 – Richard I of England officially invested as Duke of Normandy.
    • 1225 – Treaty of San Germano is signed at San Germano between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX. A Dominican named Guala is responsible for the negotiations.
    • 1398 – The Battle of Kellistown was fought on this day between the forces of the English led by Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March against the O’Byrnes and O’Tooles under the command of Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach, the most powerful Chieftain in Leinster.
    • 1402 – Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara: Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeats forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.
    • 1592 – During the first Japanese invasion of Korea, Japanese forces led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi captured Pyongyang, although they were ultimately unable to hold it.
    • 1715 – Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Empire captures Nauplia, the capital of the Republic of Venice’s “Kingdom of the Morea”, thereby opening the way to the swift Ottoman reconquest of the Morea.
    • 1738 – Canadian explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye reaches the western shore of Lake Michigan.
    • 1799 – Tekle Giyorgis I begins his first of six reigns as Emperor of Ethiopia.
    • 1807 – Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world’s first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powered a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.
    • 1810 – Citizens of Bogotá, New Granada declare independence from Spain.
    • 1831 – Seneca and Shawnee people agree to relinquish their land in western Ohio for 60,000 acres west of the Mississippi River.
    • 1848 – The first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, a two-day event, concludes.
    • 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek: Near Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate forces led by General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General William T. Sherman.
    • 1866 – Austro-Prussian War: Battle of Lissa: The Austrian Navy, led by Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, defeats the Italian Navy near the island of Vis in the Adriatic Sea.
    • 1871 – British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada.
    • 1885 – The Football Association legalizes professionalism in association football under pressure from the British Football Association.
    • 1903 – The Ford Motor Company ships its first automobile.
    • 1917 – World War I: The Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
    • 1920 – The Greek Army takes control of Silivri after Greece is awarded the city by the Paris Peace Conference; by 1923 Greece effectively lost control to the Turks.
    • 1922 – The League of Nations awards mandates of Togoland to France and Tanganyika to the United Kingdom.
    • 1932 – In the Preußenschlag (“Prussian coup”), German President Paul von Hindenburg dissolves the government of Prussia
    • 1934 – Labor unrest in the U.S.: Police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, during the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934, killing two and wounding sixty-seven.
    • 1934 – West Coast waterfront strike: In Seattle, police fire tear gas on and club 2,000 striking longshoremen. The governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the Portland docks.
    • 1935 – Switzerland: A Royal Dutch Airlines plane en route from Milan to Frankfurt crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.
    • 1936 – The Montreux Convention is signed in Switzerland, authorizing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
    • 1938 – The United States Department of Justice files suit in New York City against the motion picture industry charging violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act in regards to the studio system. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
    • 1940 – Denmark leaves the League of Nations.
    • 1940 – California opens its first freeway, the Arroyo Seco Parkway.
    • 1941 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the NKVD and names Lavrentiy Beria its chief.
    • 1944 – World War II: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by German Army Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.
    • 1949 – Israel and Syria sign a truce to end their nineteen-month war.
    • 1950 – Cold War: In Philadelphia, Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs.
    • 1951 – King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem.
    • 1954 – Germany: Otto John, head of West Germany’s secret service, defects to East Germany.
    • 1960 – Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) elects Sirimavo Bandaranaike Prime Minister, the world’s first elected female head of government.
    • 1960 – The Polaris missile is successfully launched from a submarine, the USS George Washington, for the first time.
    • 1961 – French military forces break the Tunisian siege of Bizerte.
    • 1964 – Vietnam War: Viet Cong forces attack the capital of Định Tường Province, Cái Bè, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of whom are children).
    • 1968 – The first International Special Olympics Summer Games are held at Soldier Field in Chicago, with about 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities.
    • 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11’s crew successfully makes the first manned landing on the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility. Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the Moon six and a half hours later.
    • 1969 – A cease fire is announced between Honduras and El Salvador, six days after the beginning of the “Football War”.
    • 1974 – Turkish invasion of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus after a coup d’état, organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios.
    • 1976 – The American Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars.
    • 1977 – The Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in mind-control experiments.
    • 1977 – The Johnstown flood of 1977 kills 84 people and causes millions of dollars in damages.
    • 1982 – Hyde Park and Regent’s Park bombings: The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in Hyde Park and Regent’s Park in central London, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses.
    • 1985 – The government of Aruba passes legislation to secede from the Netherlands Antilles.
    • 1989 – Burma’s ruling junta puts opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.
    • 1992 – Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia.
    • 1997 – The fully restored USS Constitution (a.k.a. Old Ironsides) celebrates its 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years.
    • 1999 – The Chinese Communist Party begins a persecution campaign against Falun Gong, arresting thousands nationwide.
    • 2005 – The Civil Marriage Act legalizes same-sex marriage in Canada.
    • 2012 – James Holmes opened fire at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 and injuring 70 others.
    • 2013 – Seventeen government soldiers are killed in an attack by FARC revolutionaries in the Colombian department of Arauca.
    • 2015 – A huge explosion in the mostly Kurdish border town of Suruç, Turkey, targeting the Socialist Youth Associations Federation, kills at least 31 people and injures over 100.
    • 2015 – The United States and Cuba resume full diplomatic relations after five decades.
    • 2017 – O. J. Simpson is granted parole to be released from prison after serving nine years of a 33-year sentence after being convicted of armed robbery in Las Vegas.

    Births on July 20

    • 356 BC – Alexander the Great, Macedonian king (d. 323 BC)
    • 647 – Yazid I, Arabian caliph (d. 683)
    • 682 – Taichō, Japanese monk and scholar (d. 767)
    • 1304 – Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (d. 1374)
    • 1313 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (d. 1367)
    • 1346 – Margaret, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of King Edward III of England (d. 1361)
    • 1470 – John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath, English noble (d. 1539)
    • 1519 – Pope Innocent IX (d. 1591)
    • 1537 – Arnaud d’Ossat, French cardinal (d. 1604)
    • 1583 – Alban Roe, English Benedictine martyr (d. 1642)
    • 1591 – Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (d. 1643)
    • 1592 – Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden (d. 1663)
    • 1601 – Robert Wallop, English politician (d. 1667)
    • 1620 – Nikolaes Heinsius the Elder, Dutch poet and scholar (d. 1681)
    • 1649 – William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (d. 1709)
    • 1754 – Antoine Destutt de Tracy, French philosopher and academic (d. 1836)
    • 1757 – Garsevan Chavchavadze, Georgian politician and diplomat (d. 1811)
    • 1762 – Jakob Haibel, Austrian tenor and composer (d. 1826)
    • 1774 – Auguste de Marmont, French general (d. 1852)
    • 1789 – Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan (d. 1839)
    • 1804 – Richard Owen, English biologist, anatomist, and paleontologist (d. 1892)
    • 1822 – Gregor Mendel, Austro-German monk, geneticist and botanist (d. 1884)
    • 1838 – Augustin Daly, American playwright and manager (d. 1899)
    • 1838 – William Paine Lord, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of Oregon (d. 1911)
    • 1838 – Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, English civil servant and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (d. 1928)
    • 1847 – Max Liebermann, German painter and academic (d. 1935)
    • 1849 – Robert Anderson Van Wyck, American lawyer and politician, 91st Mayor of New York City (d. 1918)
    • 1852 – Theo Heemskerk, Dutch lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1932)
    • 1854 – Philomène Belliveau, Canadian artist (d. 1940)
    • 1864 – Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1931)
    • 1864 – Ruggero Oddi, Italian physiologist and anatomist (d. 1913)
    • 1868 – Miron Cristea, Romanian cleric and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1939)
    • 1873 – Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian pilot (d. 1932)
    • 1876 – Otto Blumenthal, German mathematician and academic (d. 1944)
    • 1877 – Tom Crean, Irish sailor and explorer (d. 1938)
    • 1882 – Olga Hahn-Neurath, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1937)
    • 1889 – John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, Scottish broadcaster, co-founded BBC (d. 1971)
    • 1890 – Verna Felton, American actress (d. 1966)
    • 1890 – Julie Vinter Hansen, Danish-Swiss astronomer and academic (d. 1960)
    • 1890 – Giorgio Morandi, Italian painter (d. 1964)
    • 1893 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier (d. 1915)
    • 1895 – László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter, photographer, and sculptor (d. 1946)
    • 1897 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
    • 1900 – Maurice Leyland, English cricketer and coach (d. 1967)
    • 1901 – Vehbi Koç, Turkish businessman and philanthropist, founded Koç Holding (d. 1996)
    • 1901 – Eugenio Lopez Sr., Filipino businessman and founder of the Lopez Group of Companies (d. 1975)
    • 1901 – Heinie Manush, American baseball player and manager (d. 1971)
    • 1902 – Leonidas Berry, American gastroenterologist (d. 1995)
    • 1905 – Joseph Levis, American foil fencer (d. 2005)
    • 1909 – Eric Rowan, South African cricketer (d. 1993)
    • 1910 – Vilém Tauský, Czech-English conductor and composer (d. 2004)
    • 1911 – Baqa Jilani, Indian cricketer (d. 1941)
    • 1911 – José Zabala-Santos, Filipino author and illustrator (d. 1985)
    • 1912 – George Johnston, Australian journalist and author (d. 1970)
    • 1914 – Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian philanthropist (d. 2018)
    • 1914 – Charilaos Florakis, Greek politician (d. 2005)
    • 1914 – Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Cindy Walker, American singer-songwriter and dancer (d. 2006)
    • 1919 – Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer and explorer (d. 2008)
    • 1919 – Jacquemine Charrott Lodwidge, English writer (d. 2012)
    • 1920 – Elliot Richardson, American lieutenant and politician, 11th United States Secretary of Defense (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – Henri Alleg, English-French journalist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Alan Stephenson Boyd, American lawyer and politician, 1st United States Secretary of Transportation
    • 1923 – Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
    • 1924 – Lola Albright, American actress and singer (d. 2017)
    • 1924 – Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (d. 2014)
    • 1924 – Mort Garson, Canadian-American songwriter and composer (d. 2008)
    • 1925 – Jacques Delors, French economist and politician, 8th President of the European Commission
    • 1925 – Frantz Fanon, French–Algerian psychiatrist and philosopher (d. 1961)
    • 1927 – Barbara Bergmann, American economist and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1927 – Heather Chasen, English actress (d. 2020)
    • 1927 – Michael Gielen, Austrian conductor and composer (d. 2019)
    • 1927 – Ian P. Howard, English-Canadian psychologist and academic (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Józef Czyrek, Polish economist and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Belaid Abdessalam, Prime Minister of Algeria
    • 1929 – Hazel Hawke, Australian social worker and pianist, 23rd Spouse of the Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2013)
    • 1929 – Mike Ilitch, American businessman, co-founded Little Caesars (d. 2017)
    • 1929 – Rajendra Kumar, Pakistani-Indian actor and producer (d. 1999)
    • 1929 – David Tonkin, Australian politician, 38th Premier of South Australia (d. 2000)
    • 1930 – Giannis Agouris, Greek journalist and author (d. 2006)
    • 1930 – Chuck Daly, American basketball player and coach (d. 2009)
    • 1930 – William H. Goetzmann, American historian and author (d. 2010)
    • 1930 – Sally Ann Howes, English-American singer and actress
    • 1931 – Tony Marsh, English race car driver (d. 2009)
    • 1932 – Nam June Paik, American artist (d. 2006)
    • 1932 – Otto Schily, German lawyer and politician, German Minister of the Interior
    • 1933 – Buddy Knox, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
    • 1933 – Cormac McCarthy, American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter
    • 1933 – Rex Williams, English snooker player
    • 1935 – Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo, English businessman and art collector
    • 1935 – Sleepy LaBeef, American rockabilly singer and musician (d. 2019)
    • 1936 – Alistair MacLeod, Canadian novelist and short story writer (d. 2014)
    • 1936 – Barbara Mikulski, American social worker and politician
    • 1938 – Deniz Baykal, Turkish lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey
    • 1938 – Roger Hunt, English footballer
    • 1938 – Tony Oliva, Cuban-American baseball player and coach
    • 1938 – Diana Rigg, English actress
    • 1938 – Natalie Wood, American actress (d. 1981)
    • 1939 – Judy Chicago, American painter and sculptor
    • 1941 – Don Chuy, American football player (d. 2014)
    • 1941 – Periklis Korovesis, Greek author and journalist
    • 1941 – Kurt Raab, German actor, screenwriter, and production designer (d. 1988)
    • 1942 – Pete Hamilton, American race car driver
    • 1943 – Chris Amon, New Zealand race car driver (d. 2016)
    • 1943 – Bob McNab, English footballer
    • 1943 – Adrian Păunescu, Romanian poet, journalist, and politician (d. 2010)
    • 1943 – Wendy Richard, English actress (d. 2009)
    • 1944 – Mel Daniels, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1944 – W. Cary Edwards, American politician (d. 2010)
    • 1944 – Olivier de Kersauson, French sailor
    • 1944 – T. G. Sheppard, American country music singer-songwriter
    • 1945 – Kim Carnes, American singer-songwriter
    • 1945 – Larry Craig, American soldier and politician
    • 1945 – John Lodge, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
    • 1945 – Bo Rein, American football player and coach (d. 1980)
    • 1946 – Randal Kleiser, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1947 – Gerd Binnig, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1947 – Carlos Santana, Mexican-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1948 – Muse Watson, American actor and producer
    • 1950 – Edward Leigh, English lawyer and politician
    • 1950 – Lucille Lemay, Canadian archer
    • 1951 – Jeff Rawle, English actor and screenwriter
    • 1953 – Dave Evans, Welsh-Australian singer-songwriter
    • 1953 – Thomas Friedman, American journalist and author
    • 1953 – Marcia Hines, American-Australian singer and actress
    • 1954 – Moira Harris, American actress
    • 1954 – Jay Jay French, American guitarist and producer
    • 1955 – Desmond Douglas, Jamaican-English table tennis player
    • 1955 – René-Daniel Dubois, Canadian actor and playwright
    • 1955 – Jem Finer, English banjo player and songwriter
    • 1956 – Paul Cook, English drummer
    • 1956 – Thomas N’Kono, Cameroonian footballer
    • 1956 – Jim Prentice, Canadian lawyer and politician, 16th Premier of Alberta (d. 2016)
    • 1958 – Mick MacNeil, Scottish keyboard player and songwriter
    • 1959 – Radney Foster, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1960 – Claudio Langes, Italian race car driver
    • 1960 – Prvoslav Vujčić, Serbian-Canadian poet and philosopher
    • 1960 – Sudesh Berry, Indian actor
    • 1961 – Óscar Elías Biscet, Cuban physician and activist, founded the Lawton Foundation
    • 1962 – Carlos Alazraqui, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1962 – Giovanna Amati, Italian race car driver
    • 1962 – Julie Bindel, English journalist, author, and academic
    • 1963 – Frank Whaley, American actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1964 – Chris Cornell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
    • 1964 – Terri Irwin, American-Australian zoologist and author
    • 1964 – Sebastiano Rossi, Italian footballer
    • 1964 – Bernd Schneider, German race car driver
    • 1965 – Jess Walter, American journalist and author
    • 1966 – Stone Gossard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1966 – Enrique Peña Nieto, Mexican lawyer and politician, 57th President of Mexico
    • 1967 – Courtney Taylor-Taylor, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1968 – Jimmy Carson, American ice hockey player
    • 1968 – Hami Mandıralı, Turkish footballer and manager
    • 1968 – Kool G Rap, American hip-hop artist
    • 1969 – Josh Holloway, American actor
    • 1969 – Kreso Kovacec, Croatian-German footballer
    • 1969 – Giovanni Lombardi, Italian cyclist
    • 1969 – Joon Park, South Korean-American singer
    • 1969 – Tobi Vail, American singer and guitarist
    • 1971 – Charles Johnson, American baseball player
    • 1971 – Sandra Oh, Canadian actress
    • 1972 – Jamie Ainscough, Australian rugby league player
    • 1972 – Jozef Stümpel, Slovak ice hockey player
    • 1972 – Erik Ullenhag, Swedish jurist and politician
    • 1972 – Vitamin C, American singer-songwriter
    • 1973 – Omar Epps, American actor
    • 1973 – Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway
    • 1973 – Peter Forsberg, Swedish ice hockey player and manager
    • 1973 – Nixon McLean, Caribbean cricketer
    • 1973 – Roberto Orci, Mexican-American screenwriter and producer
    • 1973 – Claudio Reyna, American soccer player
    • 1975 – Ray Allen, American basketball player and actor
    • 1975 – Judy Greer, American actress and producer
    • 1975 – Erik Hagen, Norwegian footballer
    • 1975 – Birgitta Ohlsson, Swedish journalist and politician, 5th Swedish Minister for European Union Affairs
    • 1975 – Jason Raize, American singer and actor
    • 1975 – Yusuf Şimşek, Turkish footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Erica Hill, American journalist
    • 1976 – Debashish Mohanty, Indian cricketer and coach
    • 1976 – Andrew Stockdale, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1976 – Alex Yoong, Malaysian race car driver
    • 1977 – Kiki Musampa, Congolese footballer
    • 1977 – Yves Niaré, French shot putter (d. 2012)
    • 1977 – Alessandro Santos, Brazilian-Japanese footballer
    • 1978 – Pavel Datsyuk, Russian ice hockey player
    • 1978 – Will Solomon, American basketball player
    • 1978 – Elliott Yamin, American singer-songwriter
    • 1978 – Ieva Zunda, Latvian runner and hurdler
    • 1979 – Miklós Fehér, Hungarian footballer (d. 2004)
    • 1979 – Charlotte Hatherley, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1979 – David Ortega, Spanish swimmer
    • 1980 – Tesfaye Bramble, English-Montserratian footballer
    • 1980 – Gisele Bündchen, Brazilian model, fashionista, and businesswoman
    • 1981 – Viktoria Ladõnskaja, Estonian journalist and politician
    • 1982 – Antoine Vermette, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Alexi Casilla, Dominican baseball player
    • 1984 – Matt Gilroy, American ice hockey player
    • 1985 – John Francis Daley, American actor and screenwriter
    • 1985 – Harley Morenstein, Canadian actor and YouTube personality
    • 1985 – David Mundy, Australian footballer
    • 1986 – Osric Chau, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1987 – Nicola Benedetti, Scottish violinist
    • 1987 – Niall McGinn, Irish footballer
    • 1988 – Julianne Hough, American singer-songwriter, actress, and dancer
    • 1988 – Stephen Strasburg, American baseball player
    • 1988 – Shahram Mahmoudi, Iranian volleyball player
    • 1989 – Javier Cortés, Mexican footballer
    • 1989 – Cristian Pasquato, Italian footballer
    • 1990 – Lars Unnerstall, German footballer
    • 1991 – Chiyoshōma Fujio, Mongolian sumo wrestler
    • 1991 – Ryan James, Australian rugby league player
    • 1991 – Kira Kazantsev, Miss America 2015
    • 1991 – Philipp Reiter, German mountaineer and runner
    • 1993 – Steven Adams, New Zealand basketball player
    • 1995 – Moses Leota, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1996 – Ben Simmons, Australian basketball player

    Deaths on July 20

    • 518 – Amantius, Byzantine grand chamberlain and Monophysite martyr
    • 833 – Ansegisus, Frankish abbot and saint
    • 985 – Boniface VII, antipope of Rome
    • 1031 – Robert II, king of France (b. 972)
    • 1156 – Toba, emperor of Japan (b. 1103)
    • 1320 – Oshin, king of Armenia (b. 1282)
    • 1332 – Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland
    • 1387 – Robert IV, French nobleman (b. 1356)
    • 1398 – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, Welsh nobleman (b. 1374)
    • 1453 – Enguerrand de Monstrelet, French historian and author (b. 1400)
    • 1454 – John II, king of Castile and León (b. 1405)
    • 1514 – György Dózsa, Transylvanian peasant revolt leader (b. 1470)
    • 1524 – Claude, queen consort of France (b. 1499)
    • 1526 – García Jofre de Loaísa, Spanish explorer (b. 1490)
    • 1600 – William More, English courtier (b. 1520)
    • 1616 – Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Irish nobleman and rebel soldier (b. 1550)
    • 1704 – Peregrine White, English-American farmer and soldier (b. 1620)
    • 1752 – Johann Christoph Pepusch, German-English composer and theorist (b. 1667)
    • 1816 – Gavrila Derzhavin, Russian poet and politician (b. 1743)
    • 1866 – Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician and academic (b. 1826)
    • 1897 – Jean Ingelow, English poet and author (b. 1820)
    • 1901 – William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (b. 1840)
    • 1903 – Leo XIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1810)
    • 1908 – Demetrius Vikelas, Greek businessman and author (b. 1835)
    • 1908 – Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz, German geophysicist and seismologist (b. 1881)
    • 1910 – Anderson Dawson, Australian politician, 14th Premier of Queensland (b. 1863)
    • 1922 – Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician and theorist (b. 1856)
    • 1923 – Pancho Villa, Mexican general and politician, Governor of Chihuahua (b. 1878)
    • 1926 – Felix Dzerzhinsky, Russian educator and politician (b. 1877)
    • 1927 – Ferdinand I, king of Romania (b. 1865)
    • 1928 – Kostas Karyotakis, Greek poet and author (b. 1896)
    • 1932 – René Bazin, French author and academic (b. 1853)
    • 1937 – Olga Hahn-Neurath, Austrian mathematician and philosopher from the Vienna Circle (b. 1882)
    • 1937 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1874)
    • 1941 – Lew Fields, American actor and producer (b. 1867)
    • 1944 – Ludwig Beck, German general (b. 1880)
    • 1945 – Paul Valéry, French author and poet (b. 1871)
    • 1951 – Abdullah I, king of Jordan (b. 1882)
    • 1953 – Dumarsais Estimé, Haitian lawyer and politician, 33rd President of Haiti (b. 1900)
    • 1953 – Jan Struther, English author and hymn-writer (b. 1901)
    • 1955 – Calouste Gulbenkian, Armenian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1869)
    • 1956 – James Alexander Calder, Canadian educator and politician, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence (b. 1868)
    • 1959 – William D. Leahy, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to France (b. 1875)
    • 1965 – Batukeshwar Dutt, Indian activist (b. 1910)
    • 1968 – Bray Hammond, American historian and author (b. 1886)
    • 1970 – Iain Macleod, English journalist and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1913)
    • 1972 – Geeta Dutt, Indian singer and actress (b. 1930)
    • 1973 – Bruce Lee, American actor and martial artist (b. 1940)
    • 1973 – Robert Smithson, American photographer and sculptor (b. 1938)
    • 1974 – Allen Jenkins, American actor and singer (b. 1900)
    • 1974 – Kamal Dasgupta, Bengali music director, composer and folk artist. (b. 1912)
    • 1976 – Joseph Rochefort, American captain and cryptanalyst (b. 1900)
    • 1977 – Gary Kellgren, American record producer, co-founded Record Plant (b. 1939)
    • 1980 – Maria Martinez, San Ildefonso Pueblo (Native American) potter (b. 1887)
    • 1981 – Kostas Choumis, Greek-Romanian footballer (b. 1913)
    • 1983 – Frank Reynolds, American soldier and journalist (b. 1923)
    • 1987 – Richard Egan, American soldier and actor (b. 1921)
    • 1989 – Forrest H. Anderson, American judge and politician, 17th Governor of Montana (b. 1913)
    • 1990 – Herbert Turner Jenkins, American police officer (b. 1907)
    • 1993 – Vince Foster, American lawyer and political figure (b. 1945)
    • 1994 – Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter (b. 1897)
    • 1997 – M. E. H. Maharoof, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1939)
    • 1998 – June Byers, American wrestler (b. 1922)
    • 1999 – Sandra Gould, American actress (b. 1916)
    • 2002 – Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (b. 1946)
    • 2003 – Nicolas Freeling, English author (b. 1927)
    • 2004 – Lala Mara, Fijian politician (b. 1931)
    • 2004 – Valdemaras Martinkėnas, Lithuanian footballer and coach (b. 1965)
    • 2005 – James Doohan, Canadian-American actor (b. 1920)
    • 2005 – Finn Gustavsen, Norwegian journalist and politician (b. 1926)
    • 2005 – Kayo Hatta, American director and cinematographer (b. 1958)
    • 2006 – Ted Grant, South African-English theorist and activist (b. 1913)
    • 2006 – Gérard Oury, French actor, director, and producer (b. 1919)
    • 2007 – Tammy Faye Messner, American Christian evangelist and talk show host (b. 1942)
    • 2008 – Artie Traum, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1943)
    • 2008 – Dinko Šakić, Croatian concentration camp commander (b. 1921)
    • 2009 – Vedat Okyar, Turkish footballer (b. 1945)
    • 2009 – Mark Rosenzweig, American psychologist and academic (b. 1922)
    • 2011 – Lucian Freud, German-English painter and illustrator (b. 1922)
    • 2012 – Alastair Burnet, English journalist (b. 1928)
    • 2012 – Jack Davis, American hurdler (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – José Hermano Saraiva, Portuguese historian, jurist, and politician, Portuguese Minister of Education (b. 1919)
    • 2013 – Pierre Fabre, French pharmacist and businessman, founded Laboratoires Pierre Fabre (b. 1926)
    • 2013 – Khurshed Alam Khan, Indian politician, 2nd Governor of Goa (b. 1919)
    • 2013 – Augustus Rowe, Canadian physician and politician (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Helen Thomas, American journalist and author (b. 1920)
    • 2014 – Victor G. Atiyeh, American businessman and politician, 32nd Governor of Oregon (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Constantin Lucaci, Romanian sculptor and educator (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Bob McNamara, American football player (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Klaus Schmidt, German archaeologist and academic (b. 1953)
    • 2015 – Wayne Carson, American singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1943)
    • 2015 – Fred Else, English footballer and manager (b. 1933)
    • 2015 – Dieter Moebius, Swiss-German keyboard player and producer (b. 1944)
    • 2016 – Radu Beligan, Romanian actor, director, and essayist (b. 1918)
    • 2017 – Chester Bennington, American singer (b. 1976)

    Holidays and observances on July 20

    • Birthday of Crown Prince Haakon Magnus (Norway)
    • Christian feast day:
      • Ansegisus
      • Apollinaris of Ravenna
      • Aurelius
      • Ealhswith (or Elswith)
      • Elijah
      • Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Amelia Bloomer, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Ross Tubman (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • John Baptist Yi (one of The Korean Martyrs)
      • Margaret the Virgin
      • Thorlac (relic translation)
      • Wilgefortis (cult suppressed)
      • July 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Día del Amigo (Argentina, Brazil)
    • Engineer’s Day (Costa Rica)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence declaration of Colombia from Spain in 1810.
    • International Chess Day
    • Lempira Day (Honduras)
    • Tree Planting Day (Central African Republic)

  • July 17 – History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
    • 1048 – Damasus II is elected pope.
    • 1203 – The Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault. The Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile.
    • 1402 – Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over the Ming dynasty of China.
    • 1429 – Hundred Years’ War: Charles VII of France is crowned the King of France in the Reims Cathedral after a successful campaign by Joan of Arc.
    • 1453 – Battle of Castillon: The last battle of Hundred Years’ War, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony.
    • 1717 – King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a barge of 50 musicians, where George Frideric Handel’s Water Music is premiered.
    • 1762 – Catherine II becomes tsar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia.
    • 1771 – Bloody Falls massacre: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit.
    • 1791 – Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing scores of people.
    • 1794 – The 16 Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are executed ten days prior to the end of the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror.
    • 1867 – Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the first dental school in the U.S. that is affiliated with a university.
    • 1821: The Kingdom of Spain cedes the territory of Florida to the United States.
    • 1899 – NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
    • 1902 – Willis Carrier creates the first air conditioner in Buffalo, New York.
    • 1917 – King George V issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor.
    • 1918 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his immediate family and retainers are executed by Bolshevik Chekists at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
    • 1918 – The RMS Carpathia, the ship that rescued the 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic, is sunk off Ireland by the German SM U-55; five lives are lost.
    • 1932 – Altona Bloody Sunday: A riot between the Nazi Party paramilitary forces, the SS and SA, and the German Communist Party ensues.
    • 1936 – Spanish Civil War: An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the civil war.
    • 1938 – Douglas Corrigan takes off from Brooklyn to fly the “wrong way” to Ireland and becomes known as “Wrong Way” Corrigan.
    • 1944 – Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California, killing 320.
    • 1944 – World War II: At Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery. in Normandy Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was strafed by allied aircraft while returning to his headquarters.
    • 1945 – World War II: The main three leaders of the Allied nations, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin, meet in the German city of Potsdam to decide the future of a defeated Germany.
    • 1953 – The largest number of United States midshipman casualties in a single event results from an aircraft crash in Florida, killing 44.
    • 1955 – Disneyland is dedicated and opened by Walt Disney in Anaheim, California.
    • 1962 – Nuclear weapons testing: The “Small Boy” test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada National Security Site.
    • 1968 – Abdul Rahman Arif is overthrown and the Ba’ath Party is installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President.
    • 1973 – King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan, while having surgery in Italy, is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan.
    • 1975 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
    • 1976 – East Timor is annexed, and becomes the 27th province of Indonesia.
    • 1976 – The opening of the Summer Olympics in Montreal is marred by 25 African teams boycotting the games because of New Zealand’s participation. Contrary to rulings by other international sports organizations, the IOC had declined to exclude New Zealand because of their participation in South African sporting events during apartheid.
    • 1979 – Nicaraguan dictator General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami, Florida, United States.
    • 1981 – A structural failure leads to the collapse of a walkway at the Hyatt Regency in Kansas City, Missouri, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200.
    • 1984 – The national drinking age in the United States was changed from 18 to 21.
    • 1985 – Founding of the EUREKA Network by former head of states François Mitterrand (France) and Helmut Kohl (Germany).
    • 1989 – First flight of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber.
    • 1989 – Holy See–Poland relations are restored.
    • 1996 – TWA Flight 800: Off the coast of Long Island, New York, a Paris-bound TWA Boeing 747 explodes, killing all 230 on board.
    • 1998 – The 7.0 Mw  Papua New Guinea earthquake triggers a tsunami that destroys ten villages in Papua New Guinea, killing up to 2,700 people, and leaving several thousand injured.
    • 1998 – A diplomatic conference adopts the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, establishing a permanent international court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
    • 2000 – During approach to Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Alliance Air Flight 7412 suddenly crashes into a residential neighborhood in Patna, killing 60 people.
    • 2001 – Concorde is brought back into service nearly a year after the July 2000 crash.
    • 2006 – The 7.7 Mw  Pangandaran tsunami earthquake severely affects the Indonesian island of Java, killing 668 people, and leaving more than 9,000 injured.
    • 2007 – TAM Airlines Flight 3054, an Airbus A320, crashes into a warehouse after landing too fast and missing the end of the São Paulo–Congonhas Airport runway, killing 199 people.
    • 2014 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, a Boeing 777, crashes near the border of Ukraine and Russia after being shot down. All 298 people on board are killed.
    • 2014 – A French regional train on the Pau-Bayonne line crashes into a high-speed train near the town of Denguin, resulting in at least 25 injuries.
    • 2015 – At least 120 people are killed and 130 injured by a suicide bombing in Diyala Governorate, Iraq.
    • 2018 – 12 new moons are discovered orbiting. Jupiter

    Births on July 17

    • 1487 – Ismail I of Iran (d. 1524)
    • 1499 – Maria Salviati, Italian noblewoman (d. 1543)
    • 1531 – Antoine de Créqui Canaples, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1574)
    • 1674 – Isaac Watts, English hymnwriter and theologian (d. 1748)
    • 1695 – Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim (d. 1766)
    • 1698 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician and philosopher (d. 1759)
    • 1708 – Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (d. 1769)
    • 1714 – Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, German philosopher and academic (d. 1762)
    • 1744 – Elbridge Gerry, American merchant and politician, 5th Vice President of the United States (d. 1814)
    • 1763 – John Jacob Astor, German-American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1848)
    • 1774 – John Wilbur, American minister and theologian (d. 1856)
    • 1797 – Paul Delaroche, French painter and academic (d. 1856)
    • 1823 – Leander Clark, American businessman, judge, and politician (d. 1910)
    • 1831 – Xianfeng Emperor of China (d. 1861)
    • 1837 – Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 7th Secretary of State for Canada (d. 1886)
    • 1839 – Ephraim Shay, American engineer, invented the Shay locomotive (d. 1916)
    • 1853 – Alexius Meinong, Ukrainian-Austrian philosopher and academic (d. 1920)
    • 1868 – Henri Nathansen, Danish director and playwright (d. 1944)
    • 1870 – Charles Davidson Dunbar, Scottish soldier and bagpipe player (d. 1939)
    • 1871 – Lyonel Feininger, German-American painter and illustrator (d. 1956)
    • 1879 – Jack Laviolette, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 1960)
    • 1882 – James Somerville, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (d. 1949)
    • 1888 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Ukrainian-Israeli novelist, short story writer, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
    • 1889 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American lawyer and author (d. 1970)
    • 1894 – Georges Lemaître, Belgian priest, astronomer, and cosmologist (d. 1966)
    • 1896 – Rupert Atkinson, English RAF officer (d. 1919)
    • 1898 – Berenice Abbott, American photographer (d. 1991)
    • 1898 – Osmond Borradaile, Canadian soldier and cinematographer (d. 1999)
    • 1899 – James Cagney, American actor and dancer (d. 1986)
    • 1900 – Marcel Dalio, French actor (d. 1983)
    • 1901 – Luigi Chinetti, Italian-American race car driver (d. 1994)
    • 1901 – Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet and author (d. 1938)
    • 1901 – Patrick Smith, Irish farmer and politician, Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (d. 1982)
    • 1902 – Christina Stead, Australian author and academic (d. 1983)
    • 1905 – William Gargan, American actor (d. 1979)
    • 1910 – James Coyne, Canadian lawyer and banker, 2nd Governor of the Bank of Canada (d. 2012)
    • 1910 – Frank Olson, American chemist and microbiologist (d. 1953)
    • 1911 – Lionel Ferbos, American trumpet player (d. 2014)
    • 1911 – Heinz Lehmann, German-Canadian psychiatrist and academic (d. 1999)
    • 1912 – Erwin Bauer, German race car driver (d. 1958)
    • 1912 – Art Linkletter, Canadian-American radio and television host (d. 2010)
    • 1913 – Bertrand Goldberg, American architect, designed the Marina City Building (d. 1997)
    • 1914 – Eleanor Steber, American soprano and educator (d. 1990)
    • 1915 – Bijon Bhattacharya, Indian actor, singer, and screenwriter (d. 1978)
    • 1915 – Arthur Rothstein, American photographer and educator (d. 1985)
    • 1917 – Lou Boudreau, American baseball player and manager (d. 2001)
    • 1917 – Phyllis Diller, American actress, comedian, and voice artist (d. 2012)
    • 1917 – Kenan Evren, Turkish general and politician, 7th President of Turkey (d. 2015)
    • 1917 – Christiane Rochefort, French author (d. 1998)
    • 1918 – Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, Guatemalan soldier and politician, President of Guatemala (d. 2003)
    • 1918 – Red Sovine, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1980)
    • 1920 – Gordon Gould, American physicist and academic, invented the laser (d. 2005)
    • 1920 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish businessman, 7th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 2010)
    • 1921 – George Barnes, American guitarist, producer, and songwriter (d. 1977)
    • 1921 – Louis Lachenal, French mountaineer (d. 1955)
    • 1921 – Mary Osborne, American guitarist (d. 1992)
    • 1921 – Toni Stone, American baseball player (d. 1996)
    • 1921 – František Zvarík, Slovak actor (d. 2008)
    • 1923 – Jeanne Block, American psychologist (d. 1981)
    • 1923 – John Cooper, English car designer, co-founded the Cooper Car Company (d. 2000)
    • 1924 – Garde Gardom, Canadian lawyer and politician, 26th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia (d. 2013)
    • 1925 – Jimmy Scott, American singer and actor (d. 2014)
    • 1925 – Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Afghan politician
    • 1926 – Édouard Carpentier, French-Canadian wrestler (d. 2010)
    • 1926 – Willis Carto, American activist and theorist (d. 2015)
    • 1928 – Vince Guaraldi, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1976)
    • 1929 – Sergei K. Godunov, Russian mathematician and academic
    • 1932 – Niccolò Castiglioni, Italian composer (d. 1996)
    • 1932 – Red Kerr, American basketball player and coach (d. 2009)
    • 1932 – Wojciech Kilar, Polish pianist and composer (d. 2013)
    • 1932 – Karla Kuskin, American author and illustrator (d. 2009)
    • 1932 – Slick Leonard, American basketball player and coach
    • 1932 – Quino, Spanish-Argentinian cartoonist
    • 1932 – Hal Riney, American businessman, founded Publicis & Hal Riney (d. 2008)
    • 1933 – Keiko Awaji, Japanese actress (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Maltese politician, 9th Prime Minister of Malta
    • 1933 – Tony Pithey, Zimbabwean-South African cricketer (d. 2006)
    • 1934 – Lucio Tan, Chinese-Filipino billionaire businessman and educator
    • 1935 – Diahann Carroll, American actress and singer (d. 2019)
    • 1935 – Peter Schickele, American composer and educator
    • 1935 – Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor and producer
    • 1938 – Hermann Huppen, Belgian author and illustrator
    • 1939 – Andrée Champagne, Canadian actress and politician
    • 1939 – Spencer Davis, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1939 – Ali Khamenei, Iranian cleric and politician, 2nd Supreme Leader of Iran
    • 1940 – Tim Brooke-Taylor, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2020)
    • 1941 – Daryle Lamonica, American football player
    • 1941 – Bob Taylor, English cricketer
    • 1941 – Achim Warmbold, German race car driver and manager
    • 1942 – Don Kessinger, American baseball player and manager
    • 1942 – Gale Garnett, New Zealand–born Canadian singer
    • 1942 – Connie Hawkins, American basketball player (d. 2017)
    • 1942 – Zoot Money, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1943 – LaVyrle Spencer, American author and educator
    • 1944 – Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricketer and footballer
    • 1944 – Catherine Schell, Hungarian-English actress
    • 1944 – Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer and manager (d. 2016)
    • 1945 – Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
    • 1945 – John Patten, Baron Patten, English politician, Secretary of State for Education
    • 1946 – Chris Crutcher, American novelist and short story writer
    • 1946 – Ted Sampley, American POW/MIA activist (d. 2009)
    • 1947 – Joyce Anelay, Baroness Anelay of St John’s, English educator and politician
    • 1947 – Robert Begerau, German footballer and manager
    • 1947 – Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
    • 1947 – Wolfgang Flür, German musician (Kraftwerk)
    • 1947 – Mick Tucker, English rock drummer (Sweet) (d. 2002)
    • 1948 – Ron Asheton, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2009)
    • 1948 – Luc Bondy, Swiss director and producer (d. 2015)
    • 1949 – Geezer Butler, English bass player and songwriter
    • 1949 – Charley Steiner, American journalist and sportscaster
    • 1950 – Phoebe Snow, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
    • 1950 – Tengku Sulaiman Shah, Malaysian corporate figure
    • 1950 – Sadhan Chandra Majumder, Bangladeshi politician
    • 1951 – Lucie Arnaz, American actress and singer
    • 1951 – Mark Bowden, American journalist and author
    • 1951 – Andrew Robathan, English soldier and politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces
    • 1952 – David Hasselhoff, American actor, singer, and producer
    • 1952 – Nicolette Larson, American singer-songwriter (d. 1997)
    • 1952 – Thé Lau, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015)
    • 1952 – Robert R. McCammon, American author
    • 1954 – António Costa, Prime Minister of Portugal
    • 1954 – Angela Merkel, German chemist and politician, 8th Chancellor of Germany
    • 1954 – Edward Natapei, Vanuatuan politician, 6th Prime Minister of Vanuatu (d. 2015)
    • 1954 – J. Michael Straczynski, American author, screenwriter, and producer
    • 1955 – Sylvie Léonard, Canadian actress and screenwriter
    • 1955 – Paul Stamets, American mycologist and author
    • 1956 – Julie Bishop, Australian lawyer and politician, 38th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs
    • 1956 – Bryan Trottier, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1957 – Bruce Crump, American drummer and songwriter (d. 2015)
    • 1957 – Wendy Freedman, Canadian-American cosmologist and astronomer
    • 1958 – Wong Kar-wai, Chinese director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1958 – Suzanne Moore, English journalist
    • 1958 – Susan Silver, American music manager
    • 1958 – Thérèse Rein, Australian businesswoman, founded Ingeus
    • 1959 – Pola Uddin, Baroness Uddin, Bangladeshi-English politician
    • 1960 – Kim Barnett, English cricketer and coach
    • 1960 – Mark Burnett, English-American screenwriter and producer
    • 1960 – Nancy Giles, American journalist and actress
    • 1960 – Robin Shou, Hong Kong martial artist and actor
    • 1960 – Dawn Upshaw, American soprano
    • 1960 – Jan Wouters, Dutch footballer and manager
    • 1961 – António Costa, Portuguese politician, 119th Prime Minister of Portugal
    • 1961 – Jeremy Hardy, English comedian and actor (d. 2019)
    • 1963 – Regina Belle, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
    • 1963 – Letsie III of Lesotho
    • 1963 – Matti Nykänen, Finnish ski jumper and singer (d. 2019)
    • 1965 – Craig Morgan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Alex Winter, English-American actor, film director and screenwriter
    • 1966 – Lou Barlow, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1966 – Sten Tolgfors, Swedish lawyer and politician, 30th Swedish Minister of Defence
    • 1969 – Scott Johnson, American cartoonist
    • 1969 – Jaan Kirsipuu, Estonian cyclist
    • 1971 – Calbert Cheaney, American basketball player and coach
    • 1971 – Cory Doctorow, Canadian author and activist
    • 1971 – Nico Mattan, Belgian cyclist
    • 1972 – Elizabeth Cook, American singer and guitarist
    • 1972 – Donny Marshall, American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1972 – Jason Rullo, American drummer
    • 1972 – Jaap Stam, Dutch footballer and manager
    • 1972 – Eric Williams, American basketball player
    • 1973 – Eric Moulds, American football player
    • 1974 – Claudio López, Argentine footballer
    • 1975 – Andre Adams, New Zealand cricketer
    • 1975 – Elena Anaya, Spanish actress
    • 1975 – Darude, Finnish DJ and producer
    • 1975 – Harlette, Australian-English fashion designer
    • 1975 – Loretta Harrop, Australian triathlete
    • 1976 – Luke Bryan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1976 – Gino D’Acampo, Italian chef and author
    • 1976 – Dagmara Domińczyk, Polish-American actress
    • 1976 – Marcos Senna, Brazilian-Spanish footballer
    • 1976 – Anders Svensson, Swedish footballer and sportscaster
    • 1977 – Andrew Downton, Australian cricketer
    • 1977 – Leif Hoste, Belgian cyclist
    • 1977 – Marc Savard, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1978 – Ricardo Arona, Brazilian mixed martial artist
    • 1978 – Panda Bear, American musician and songwriter
    • 1978 – Jason Jennings, American baseball player
    • 1979 – Mike Vogel, American actor
    • 1980 – Javier Camuñas, Spanish footballer
    • 1980 – Ryan Miller, American ice hockey player
    • 1981 – Hely Ollarves, Venezuelan runner
    • 1982 – Omari Banks, Anguillan cricketer
    • 1982 – Natasha Hamilton, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
    • 1983 – Ryan Guettler, Australian motocross racer
    • 1983 – Adam Lind, American baseball player
    • 1985 – Loui Eriksson, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1985 – Tom Fletcher, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1985 – Neil McGregor, Scottish footballer
    • 1986 – DeAngelo Smith, American football player
    • 1986 – Lacey Von Erich, American wrestler
    • 1987 – Darius Boyd, Australian rugby league player
    • 1987 – Jan Charouz, Czech race car driver
    • 1987 – Jeremih, American singer, songwriter, and record producer
    • 1994 – Benjamin Mendy, French footballer
    • 1994 – Kali Uchis, American singer-songwriter
    • 1998 – Rosana Serrano, Cuban rower

    Deaths on July 17

    • 521 – Magnus Felix Ennodius, Gallo-Roman bishop
    • 855 – Leo IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 790)
    • 924 – Edward the Elder, English king (b. 877)
    • 952 – Wu Hanyue, Chinese noblewoman (b. 913)
    • 961 – Du, empress dowager of the Song Dynasty
    • 1070 – Baldwin VI, count of Flanders (b. 1030)
    • 1085 – Robert Guiscard, Norman adventurer
    • 1119 – Baldwin VII, count of Flanders (b. 1093)
    • 1210 – Sverker II, king of Sweden (b. 1210)
    • 1304 – Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer (b. 1251)
    • 1399 – Jadwiga, queen of Poland (b. 1374)
    • 1453 – Dmitry Shemyaka, Grand Prince of Moscow
    • 1453 – John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, English commander and politician (b. 1387)
    • 1531 – Hosokawa Takakuni, Japanese commander (b. 1484)
    • 1571 – Georg Fabricius, German poet and historian (b. 1516)
    • 1588 – Mimar Sinan, Ottoman architect and engineer, designed the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque and Süleymaniye Mosque (b. 1489)
    • 1603 – Mózes Székely, Hungarian noble (b. 1553)
    • 1645 – Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, English-Scottish politician, Lord Chamberlain of the United Kingdom (b. 1587)
    • 1704 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (b. 1657)
    • 1709 – Robert Bolling, English planter and merchant (b. 1646)
    • 1725 – Thomas King, English and British soldier, MP for Queenborough, lieutenant-governor of Sheerness (b. before 1660?).
    • 1762 – Peter III of Russia (b. 1728)
    • 1790 – Adam Smith, Scottish economist and philosopher (b. 1723)
    • 1791 – Martin Dobrizhoffer, Austrian missionary and author (b. 1717)
    • 1793 – Charlotte Corday, French murderer (b. 1768)
    • 1794 – John Roebuck, English chemist and businessman (b. 1718)
    • 1845 – Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1764)
    • 1871 – Karl Tausig, Polish virtuoso pianist, arranger and composer (b. 1841)
    • 1878 – Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet and politician (b. 1812)
    • 1879 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian-Polish painter (b. 1856)
    • 1881 – Jim Bridger, American scout and explorer (b. 1804)
    • 1883 – Tự Đức, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1829)
    • 1885 – Jean-Charles Chapais, Canadian farmer and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1811)
    • 1887 – Dorothea Dix, American nurse and activist (b. 1802)
    • 1893 – Frederick A. Johnson, American banker and politician (b. 1833)
    • 1894 – Leconte de Lisle, French poet and translator (b. 1818)
    • 1894 – Josef Hyrtl, Austrian anatomist and biologist (b. 1810)
    • 1900 – Thomas McIlwraith, Scottish-Australian politician, 8th Premier of Queensland (b. 1835)
    • 1907 – Hector Malot, French author and critic (b. 1830)
    • 1912 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician, physicist, and engineer (b. 1854)
    • 1918 – Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family
      • Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1901)
      • Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1899)
      • Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1895)
      • Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (b. 1897)
      • Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia (b. 1872)
      • Aleksei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia (b. 1904)
      • Nikolai II of Russia (b. 1868)
      • Anna Demidova (b. 1878)
      • Ivan Kharitonov (b. 1872)
      • Alexei Trupp (b. 1858)
      • Yevgeny Botkin (b. 1865)
    • 1925 – Lovis Corinth, German painter (b. 1858)
    • 1928 – Giovanni Giolitti, Italian politician, 13th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1842)
    • 1928 – Álvaro Obregón, Mexican general and politician, 39th President of Mexico (b. 1880)
    • 1932 – Rasmus Rasmussen, Norwegian actor, singer, and director (b. 1862)
    • 1935 – George William Russell, Irish poet and painter (b. 1867)
    • 1942 – Robina Nicol, New Zealand photographer and suffragist (b. 1861)
    • 1944 – William James Sidis, American mathematician and anthropologist (b. 1898)
    • 1945 – Ernst Busch, German field marshal (b. 1885)
    • 1946 – Florence Fuller, South African-born Australian artist (b. 1867)
    • 1946 – Draža Mihailović, Serbian general (b. 1893)
    • 1950 – Evangeline Booth, English 4th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1865)
    • 1950 – Antonie Nedošinská, Czech actress (b. 1885)
    • 1959 – Billie Holiday, American singer (b. 1915)
    • 1959 – Eugene Meyer, American businessman and publisher (b. 1875)
    • 1960 – Maud Menten, Canadian physician and biochemist (b. 1879)
    • 1961 – Ty Cobb, American baseball player and manager (b. 1886)
    • 1961 – Emin Halid Onat, Turkish architect and academic (b. 1908)
    • 1967 – John Coltrane, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1926)
    • 1974 – Dizzy Dean, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1910)
    • 1975 – Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian author (b. 1893)
    • 1980 – Don “Red” Barry, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1912)
    • 1980 – Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1890)
    • 1988 – Bruiser Brody, American football player and wrestler (b. 1946)
    • 1989 – Itubwa Amram, Nauruan pastor and politician (b. 1922)
    • 1991 – John Patrick Spiegel, American psychiatrist and academic (b. 1911)
    • 1994 – Jean Borotra, French tennis player (b. 1898)
    • 1995 – Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1911)
    • 1996 – Victims of TWA Flight 800
      • Michel Breistroff, French ice hockey player (b. 1971)
      • Marcel Dadi, Tunisian-French guitarist (b. 1951)
      • David Hogan, American composer (b. 1949)
      • Jed Johnson, American interior designer and director (b. 1948)
    • 1996 – Chas Chandler, American bass player and producer (b. 1938)
    • 1998 – Lillian Hoban, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)
    • 2001 – Katharine Graham, American publisher (b. 1917)
    • 2002 – Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1911)
    • 2003 – David Kelly, Welsh weapons inspector (b. 1944)
    • 2003 – Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichord player (b. 1914)
    • 2003 – Walter Zapp, Latvian-Swiss inventor, invented the Minox (b. 1905)
    • 2005 – Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress (b. 1913)
    • 2005 – Edward Heath, English colonel and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1916)
    • 2005 – Joe Vialls, Australian journalist and theorist (b. 1944)
    • 2006 – Sam Myers, American singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
    • 2006 – Mickey Spillane, American crime novelist (b. 1918)
    • 2007 – Grant Forsberg, American actor and businessman (b. 1959)
    • 2007 – Júlio Redecker, Brazilian politician (b. 1956)
    • 2007 – Paulo Rogério Amoretty Souza, Brazilian lawyer and businessman (b. 1945)
    • 2009 – Walter Cronkite, American journalist and actor (b. 1916)
    • 2009 – Leszek Kołakowski, Polish historian and philosopher (b. 1927)
    • 2010 – Larry Keith, American actor (b. 1931)
    • 2011 – David Ngoombujarra, Australian actor (b. 1967)
    • 2012 – Richard Evatt, English boxer (b. 1973)
    • 2012 – Forrest S. McCartney, American general (b. 1931)
    • 2012 – İlhan Mimaroğlu, Turkish-American composer and producer (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – William Raspberry, American journalist and academic (b. 1935)
    • 2012 – Marsha Singh, Indian-English politician (b. 1954)
    • 2013 – Henri Alleg, English-French journalist and author (b. 1921)
    • 2013 – Peter Appleyard, English-Canadian vibraphone player and composer (b. 1928)
    • 2013 – Vincenzo Cerami, Italian screenwriter and producer (b. 1940)
    • 2013 – Don Flye, American tennis player (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Ian Gourlay, English general (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – David White, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1933)[18]
    • 2014 – Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 victims:
      • Liam Davison, Australian author and critic (b. 1957)
      • Shuba Jay, Malaysian actress (b. 1976)
      • Joep Lange, Dutch physician and academic (b. 1954)
      • Willem Witteveen, Dutch scholar and politician (b. 1952)
    • 2014 – Henry Hartsfield, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1933)
    • 2014 – Otto Piene, German sculptor and academic (b. 1928)
    • 2014 – Elaine Stritch, American actress and singer (b. 1925)
    • 2015 – Bill Arnsparger, American football player and coach (b. 1926)
    • 2015 – Jules Bianchi, French race car driver (b. 1989)
    • 2015 – Owen Chadwick, English rugby player, historian, and academic (b. 1916)
    • 2015 – Van Miller, American sportscaster (b. 1927)
    • 2015 – John Taylor, English pianist and educator (b. 1942)

    Holidays and observances on July 17

    • Christian feast day:
      • Alexius of Rome (Western Church)
      • Andrew Zorard
      • Cynehelm
      • Cynllo
      • Inácio de Azevedo
      • Jadwiga of Poland
      • Magnus Felix Ennodius
      • Marcellina
      • Martyrs of Compiègne
      • Blessed Pavel Peter Gojdič (Greek Catholic Church)
      • Pope Leo IV
      • Romanov sainthood (Russian Orthodox Church)
      • Speratus and companions
      • William White (Episcopal Church))
      • July 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Constitution Day (South Korea)
    • Gion Matsuri (Yasaka Shrine, Kyoto)
    • Independence Day (Slovakia)
    • International Firgun Day (international)
    • King’s Birthday (Lesotho)
    • U Tirot Sing Day (Meghalaya, India)
    • World Day for International Justice (International)
    • World Emoji Day (International)

  • July 13 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 587 BC – Babylon’s siege of Jerusalem ends following the destruction of Solomon’s Temple.
    • 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
    • 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
    • 1260 – The Livonian Order suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the Battle of Durbe against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
    • 1558 – Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
    • 1573 – Eighty Years’ War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
    • 1643 – English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
    • 1787 – The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
    • 1793 – Journalist and French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat is assassinated in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday, a member of the opposing political faction.
    • 1794 – The Battle of Trippstadt is fought between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria.
    • 1814 – The Carabinieri, the national gendarmerie of Italy, is established.
    • 1830 – The General Assembly’s Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
    • 1831 – Regulamentul Organic, a quasi-constitutional organic law is adopted in Wallachia, one of the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of Romania.
    • 1854 – In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
    • 1863 – New York City draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
    • 1878 – Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
    • 1919 – The British airship R34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
    • 1941 – World War II: Montenegrins begin a popular uprising against the Axis powers (Trinaestojulski ustanak).
    • 1956 – The Dartmouth workshop is the first conference on artificial intelligence.
    • 1962 – In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan dismisses seven members of his Cabinet, marking the effective end of the National Liberals as a distinct force within British politics.
    • 1973 – Watergate scandal: Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of a secret Oval Office taping system to investigators for the Senate Watergate Committee.
    • 1977 – Somalia declares war on Ethiopia, starting the Ogaden War.
    • 1977 – New York City: Amidst a period of financial and social turmoil experiences an electrical blackout lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
    • 1985 – The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Moscow and Sydney.
    • 1985 – Vice President George H. W. Bush becomes the Acting President for the day when President Ronald Reagan undergoes surgery to remove polyps from his colon.
    • 2003 – French DGSE personnel abort an operation to rescue Íngrid Betancourt from FARC rebels in Colombia, causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
    • 2008 – Battle of Wanat begins when Taliban and al-Qaeda guerrillas attack US Army and Afghan National Army troops in Afghanistan. The U.S. deaths were, at that time, the most in a single battle since the beginning of operations in 2001.
    • 2011 – Mumbai is rocked by three bomb blasts during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.
    • 2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1999 is adopted, which admits South Sudan to member status of the United Nations.
    • 2013 – Typhoon Soulik kills at least nine people and affects more than 160 million in East China and Taiwan.
    • 2016 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron resigns, and is succeeded by Theresa May.

    Births on July 13

    • 100 BC – Julius Caesar, Roman general and statesman (d. 44 BC)
    • 1426 – Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (d. 1492)
    • 1478 – Giulio d’Este, illegitimate son of Italian noble (d. 1561)
    • 1470 – Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de’ Medici, Catholic cardinal (d. 1528)
    • 1527 – John Dee, English-Welsh mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer (d. 1609)
    • 1579 – Arthur Dee, English physician and chemist (d. 1651)
    • 1590 – Pope Clement X (d. 1676)
    • 1606 – Roland Fréart de Chambray (d. 1676)
    • 1607 – Wenceslaus Hollar, Czech-English painter and illustrator (d. 1677)
    • 1608 – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1657)
    • 1745 – Robert Calder, Scottish-English admiral (d. 1818)
    • 1756 – Thomas Rowlandson, English artist and caricaturist (d. 1827)
    • 1760 – István Pauli, Hungarian-Slovene priest and poet (d. 1829)
    • 1770 – Alexander Balashov, Russian general and politician, Russian Minister of Police (d. 1837)
    • 1793 – John Clare, English poet and author (d. 1864)
    • 1821 – Nathan Bedford Forrest, American general and first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan (d. 1877)
    • 1831 – Arthur Böttcher, German pathologist and anatomist (d. 1889)
    • 1841 – Otto Wagner, Austrian architect, designed the Austrian Postal Savings Bank and Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station (d. 1918)
    • 1858 – Stewart Culin, American ethnographer and author (d. 1929)
    • 1859 – Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, English economist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1947)
    • 1863 – Margaret Murray, British archaeologist, anthropologist, historian, and folklorist (d. 1963)
    • 1864 – John Jacob Astor IV, American colonel and businessman (d. 1912)
    • 1877 – Robert Henry Mathews, Australian linguist and missionary (d. 1970)
    • 1884 – Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler and coach (d. 1951)
    • 1889 – Emma Asson, Estonian educator and politician (d. 1965)
    • 1889 – Stan Coveleski, American baseball player (d. 1984)
    • 1892 – Léo-Pol Morin, Canadian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1941)
    • 1892 – Jonni Myyrä, Finnish-American discus and javelin thrower (d. 1955)
    • 1894 – Isaac Babel, Russian short story writer, journalist, and playwright (d. 1940)
    • 1895 – Sidney Blackmer, American actor (d. 1973)
    • 1896 – Mordecai Ardon, Israeli painter and educator (d. 1992)
    • 1898 – Julius Schreck, German commander (d. 1936)
    • 1898 – Ivan Triesault, Estonian-born American actor (d. 1980)
    • 1900 – George Lewis, American clarinet player and songwriter (d. 1969)
    • 1901 – Eric Portman, English actor (d. 1969)
    • 1903 – Kenneth Clark, English historian and author (d. 1983)
    • 1905 – Alfredo M. Santos, Filipino general (d. 1990)
    • 1905 – Eugenio Pagnini, Italian modern pentathlete (d. 1993)
    • 1905 – Magda Foy, American child actress (d. 2000)
    • 1907 – George Weller, American author, playwright, and journalist (d. 2002)
    • 1908 – Dorothy Round, English tennis player (d. 1982)
    • 1908 – Tim Spencer, American country & western singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1974)
    • 1910 – Lien Gisolf, Dutch high jumper (d. 1993)
    • 1910 – Loren Pope, American journalist and author (d. 2008)
    • 1911 – Bob Steele (broadcaster), American radio personality (d. 2002)
    • 1913 – Dave Garroway, American journalist and television personality (d. 1982)
    • 1913 – Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller, Danish businessman (d. 2012)
    • 1913 – Kay Linaker, American actress and screenwriter (d. 2008)
    • 1915 – Kaoru Ishikawa, Japanese author and educator (d. 1989)
    • 1918 – Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
    • 1918 – Ronald Bladen, American painter and sculptor (d. 1988)
    • 1918 – Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator (d. 2015)
    • 1919 – Hau Pei-tsun, 13th Premier of the Republic of China (d. 2020)
    • 1919 – William F. Quinn, American lawyer (d. 2006)
    • 1921 – Ernest Gold, Austrian-American composer and conductor (d. 1999)
    • 1922 – Leslie Brooks, American actress (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Anker Jørgensen, Danish trade union leader and politician, 16th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2016)
    • 1922 – Helmy Afify Abd El-Bar, Egyptian military commander (d. 2011)
    • 1922 – Ken Mosdell, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2006)
    • 1923 – Ashley Bryan, American children’s book author and illustrator
    • 1924 – Johnny Gilbert, American game show host and announcer
    • 1925 – Suzanne Zimmerman, American competition swimmer and Olympic medalist
    • 1925 – Huang Zongying, Chinese actress and writer
    • 1926 – Robert H. Justman, American director, producer, and production manager (d. 2008)
    • 1926 – T. Loren Christianson, American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1926 – Thomas Clark, American politician (d. 2020)
    • 1927 – Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician, President of the European Parliament (d. 2017)
    • 1927 – Ian Reed, Australian discus thrower
    • 1928 – Bob Crane, American actor (d. 1978)
    • 1928 – Sven Davidson, Swedish-American tennis player (d. 2008)
    • 1928 – Al Rex, American musician (d. 2020)
    • 1929 – Sofia Muratova, Russian gymnast (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – Svein Ellingsen, Norwegian visual artist and hymnist (d. 2020)
    • 1930 – Sam Greenlee, American author and poet (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
    • 1931 – Frank Ramsey, American basketball player and coach (d. 2018)
    • 1932 – Hubert Reeves, Canadian-French astrophysicist and author
    • 1933 – David Storey, English author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2017)
    • 1933 – Piero Manzoni, Italian artist (d. 1963)
    • 1934 – Peter Gzowski, Canadian journalist and academic (d. 2002)
    • 1934 – Gordon Lee, English footballer and manager
    • 1934 – Wole Soyinka, Nigerian author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1934 – Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian engineer and astronaut
    • 1935 – Jack Kemp, American football player and politician, 9th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – Earl Lovelace, Trinidadian journalist, author, and playwright
    • 1935 – Kurt Westergaard, Danish cartoonist
    • 1936 – Albert Ayler, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1970)
    • 1937 – Ghillean Prance, English botanist and ecologist
    • 1939 – Lambert Jackson Woodburne, South African admiral (d. 2013)
    • 1940 – Tom Lichtenberg, American football player and coach (d. 2013)
    • 1940 – Paul Prudhomme, American chef and author (d. 2015)
    • 1940 – Patrick Stewart, English actor, director, and producer
    • 1941 – Grahame Corling, Australian cricketer
    • 1941 – Robert Forster, American actor and producer (d. 2019)
    • 1941 – Ehud Manor, Israeli songwriter and translator (d. 2005)
    • 1941 – Jacques Perrin, French actor, director, and producer
    • 1942 – Harrison Ford, American actor and producer
    • 1942 – Roger McGuinn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1943 – Chris Serle, English journalist and actor
    • 1944 – Eric Freeman, Australian cricketer
    • 1944 – Cyril Knowles, English footballer and manager (d. 1991)
    • 1944 – Erno Rubik, Hungarian game designer, architect, and educator, invented the Rubik’s Cube
    • 1945 – Ashley Mallett, Australian cricketer and author
    • 1946 – Bob Kauffman, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1946 – Cheech Marin, American actor and comedian
    • 1948 – Catherine Breillat, French director and screenwriter
    • 1949 – Bryan Murray, Irish actor
    • 1950 – George Nelson, American astronomer and astronaut
    • 1950 – Ma Ying-jeou, Hong Kong-Taiwanese commander and politician, 12th President of the Republic of China
    • 1950 – Jurelang Zedkaia, Marshallese politician, 5th President of the Marshall Islands (d. 2015)
    • 1951 – Rob Bishop, American educator and politician
    • 1951 – Didi Conn, American actress and singer
    • 1953 – David Thompson, American basketball player
    • 1954 – Ray Bright, Australian cricketer
    • 1954 – Louise Mandrell, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1956 – Mark Mendoza, American bass player and songwriter
    • 1956 – Michael Spinks, American boxer
    • 1957 – Thierry Boutsen, Belgian race car driver and businessman
    • 1957 – Cameron Crowe, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1959 – Richard Leman, English field hockey player
    • 1959 – Fuziah Salleh, Malaysian politician
    • 1960 – Robert Abraham, American football player
    • 1960 – Ian Hislop, Welsh-English journalist and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Curtis Rouse, American football player (d. 2013)
    • 1961 – Tahira Asif, Pakistani politician (d. 2014)
    • 1961 – Anders Jarryd, Swedish tennis player
    • 1961 – Khalid Mahmood, Pakistani-English engineer and politician
    • 1961 – Stelios Manolas, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1961 – Tim Watson, Australian footballer, coach, and journalist
    • 1962 – Tom Kenny, American voice actor and screenwriter
    • 1962 – Rhonda Vincent, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player
    • 1963 – Neal Foulds, English snooker player and sportscaster
    • 1963 – Kenny Johnson, American actor, producer, and model
    • 1964 – Charlie Hides, American drag queen and comedian
    • 1964 – Paul Thorn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1965 – Eileen Ivers, American fiddler
    • 1965 – Colin van der Voort, Australian rugby league player
    • 1966 – Gerald Levert, American R&B singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2006)
    • 1966 – Natalia Luis-Bassa, Venezuelan-English conductor and educator
    • 1967 – Richard Marles, Australian lawyer and politician, 50th Australian Minister for Trade and Investment
    • 1967 – Mark McGowan, Australian politician, 30th Premier of Western Australia
    • 1969 – Brad Godden, Australian rugby league player
    • 1969 – Ken Jeong, American actor, comedian, and physician
    • 1969 – Oleg Serebrian, Moldovan political scientist and politician
    • 1970 – Andrei Tivontchik, German pole vaulter and trainer
    • 1971 – Mark Neeld, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1972 – Sean Waltman, American professional wrestler
    • 1974 – Deborah Cox, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1974 – Jarno Trulli, Italian race car driver
    • 1975 – Diego Spotorno, Ecuadorian actor
    • 1975 – Mariada Pieridi, Cypriot singer-songwriter
    • 1976 – Sheldon Souray, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1977 – Chris Horn, American football player
    • 1978 – Ryan Ludwick, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Prodromos Nikolaidis, Greek basketball player
    • 1979 – Craig Bellamy, Welsh footballer
    • 1979 – Daniel Díaz, Argentinian footballer
    • 1979 – Libuše Průšová, Czech tennis player
    • 1979 – Lucinda Ruh, Swiss figure skater and coach
    • 1981 – Ágnes Kovács, Hungarian swimmer
    • 1981 – Mirco Lorenzetto, Italian cyclist
    • 1982 – Shin-Soo Choo, South Korean baseball player
    • 1982 – Simon Clist, English footballer
    • 1982 – Dominic Isaacs, South African footballer
    • 1982 – Nick Kenny, Australian rugby league player
    • 1982 – Yadier Molina, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
    • 1983 – Kristof Beyens, Belgian sprinter
    • 1983 – Marco Pomante, Italian footballer
    • 1983 – Liu Xiang, Chinese hurdler
    • 1984 – Ida Maria, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1985 – Trell Kimmons, American sprinter
    • 1985 – Guillermo Ochoa, Mexican footballer
    • 1985 – Charlotte Dujardin, English equestrian
    • 1988 – Marcos Paulo Gelmini Gomes, Brazilian-Italian footballer
    • 1988 – Colton Haynes, American actor, model and singer
    • 1988 – Steven R. McQueen, American actor and model
    • 1988 – Raúl Spank, German high jumper
    • 1988 – Tulisa, English singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1989 – Leon Bridges, American soul singer, songwriter and record producer
    • 1989 – Charis Giannopoulos, Greek basketball player
    • 1990 – Kieran Foran, New Zealand rugby league player
    • 1990 – Eduardo Salvio, Argentinian footballer
    • 1992 – Elise Matthysen, Belgian swimmer
    • 1993 – Daniel Bentley, English footballer
    • 1995 – Cody Bellinger, American baseball player
    • 1995 – Dante Exum, Australian basketball player
    • 2002 – Deborah Medrado, Brazilian rhythmic gymnast
    • 2003 – Wyatt Oleff, American child actor
    • 2005 – Kyle Harrison Breitkopf, Canadian child actor

    Deaths on July 13

    • 574 – John III, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 716 – Rui Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 662)
    • 815 – Wu Yuanheng, Chinese poet and politician (b. 758)
    • 884 – Huang Chao, Chinese rebel leader (b. 835)
    • 939 – Leo VII, pope of the Catholic Church
    • 982 – Gunther, margrave of Merseburg
    • 982 – Henry I, bishop of Augsburg
    • 982 – Pandulf II, Lombard prince
    • 982 – Landulf IV, Lombard prince
    • 982 – Abu’l-Qasim, Kalbid emir of Sicily
    • 1024 – Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 973)
    • 1105 – Rashi, French rabbi and commentator (b. 1040)
    • 1205 – Hubert Walter, English archbishop and politician, Lord Chancellor of The United Kingdom (b. 1160)
    • 1357 – Bartolus de Saxoferrato Italian academic and jurist (b. 1313)
    • 1380 – Bertrand du Guesclin, French nobleman and knight (b. 1320)
    • 1399 – Peter Parler, German architect, designed St. Vitus Cathedral and Charles Bridge (b. 1330)
    • 1399 – Jadwiga, queen of Poland (b. 1399)
    • 1402 – Jianwen, Chinese emperor (b. 1377)
    • 1491 – Afonso, Portuguese prince (b. 1475)
    • 1551 – John Wallop, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1490)
    • 1617 – Adam Wenceslaus, duke of Cieszyn (b. 1574)
    • 1621 – Albert VII, archduke of Austria (b. 1559)
    • 1626 – Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1563)
    • 1628 – Robert Shirley, English soldier and diplomat (b. 1581)
    • 1629 – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Swedish physician and theologian (b. 1585)
    • 1683 – Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1631)
    • 1755 – Edward Braddock, Scottish general (b. 1695)
    • 1762 – James Bradley, English priest and astronomer (b. 1693)
    • 1789 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist and academic (b. 1715)
    • 1793 – Jean-Paul Marat, French physician and theorist (b. 1743)
    • 1807 – Henry Benedict Stuart, Italian cardinal (b. 1725)
    • 1881 – John C. Pemberton, American general (b. 1814)
    • 1889 – Robert Hamerling, Austrian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1830)
    • 1890 – John C. Frémont, American general and politician, 5th Territorial Governor of Arizona (b. 1813)
    • 1890 – Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Estonian journalist and poet (b. 1819)
    • 1893 – Young Man Afraid of His Horses, American tribal chief (b. 1836)
    • 1896 – August Kekulé, German chemist and academic (b. 1829)
    • 1907 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter and jurist (b. 1866)
    • 1911 – Allan McLean, Scottish-Australian politician, 19th Premier of Victoria (b. 1840)
    • 1921 – Gabriel Lippmann, Luxembourger physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)
    • 1922 – Martin Dies, Sr., American journalist and politician (b. 1870)
    • 1927 – Mimar Kemaleddin Bey, Turkish architect and academic, designed the Tayyare Apartments (b. 1870)
    • 1934 – Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and academic (b. 1849)
    • 1936 – Kojo Tovalou Houénou, Beninese lawyer and politician (b. 1887)
    • 1941 – Ilmar Raud, Estonian chess player (b. 1913)
    • 1945 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1879)
    • 1946 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer and curator (b. 1864)
    • 1949 – Walt Kuhn, American painter and academic (b. 1877)
    • 1951 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-American composer and painter (b. 1874)
    • 1954 – Frida Kahlo, Mexican painter and educator (b. 1907)
    • 1960 – Joy Davidman, American-English poet and author (b. 1915)
    • 1965 – Photis Kontoglou, Greek painter and illustrator (b. 1895)
    • 1967 – Tom Simpson, English cyclist (b. 1937)
    • 1970 – Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (b. 1896)
    • 1970 – Sheng Shicai, Chinese warlord (b. 1895)
    • 1973 – Willy Fritsch, German actor and screenwriter (b. 1901)
    • 1974 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
    • 1976 – Frederick Hawksworth, English engineer (b. 1884)
    • 1976 – Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (b. 1915)
    • 1979 – Ludwig Merwart, Austrian painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
    • 1980 – Seretse Khama, Botswana lawyer and politician, 1st President of Botswana (b. 1921)
    • 1983 – Gabrielle Roy, Canadian engineer and author (b. 1909)
    • 1993 – Davey Allison, American race car driver (b. 1961)
    • 1995 – Godtfred Kirk Christiansen, Danish businessman (b. 1920)
    • 1996 – Pandro S. Berman, American director, producer, and production manager (b. 1905)
    • 1997 – Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (b. 1968)
    • 1999 – Konstantinos Kollias, Greek general and politician, 168th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1901)
    • 2000 – Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (b. 1914)
    • 2003 – Compay Segundo, Cuban singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1907)
    • 2005 – Robert E. Ogren, American zoologist (b. 1922)
    • 2006 – Red Buttons, American actor (b. 1919)
    • 2007 – Michael Reardon, American mountaineer (b. 1965)
    • 2008 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish historian and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Manohari Singh, Indian saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
    • 2010 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Allan Jeans, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Warren Jabali, American basketball player (b. 1946)
    • 2012 – Jerzy Kulej, Polish boxer and politician (b. 1940)
    • 2012 – Richard D. Zanuck, American film producer (b. 1934)
    • 2013 – Leonard Garment, American lawyer and public servant, 14th White House Counsel (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Henri Julien, French race car driver (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Cory Monteith, Canadian actor and singer (b. 1982)
    • 2013 – Ottavio Quattrocchi, Italian businessman (b. 1938)
    • 2013 – Vernon B. Romney, American lawyer and politician, 14th Attorney General of Utah (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – Marc Simont, French-American author and illustrator (b. 1915)
    • 2014 – Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (b. 1924)
    • 2014 – Alfred de Grazia, American political scientist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
    • 2014 – Nadine Gordimer, South African novelist, short story writer, and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Jeff Leiding, American football player (b. 1961)
    • 2014 – Lorin Maazel, French-American violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1930)
    • 2015 – Philipp Mißfelder, German historian and politician (b. 1979)
    • 2015 – Martin Litchfield West, English scholar, author, and academic (b. 1927)
    • 2017 – Liu Xiaobo, Chinese literary critic, human rights activist (b. 1955)

    Holidays and observances on July 13

    • Christian feast day:
      • Abd-al-Masih
      • Abel of Tacla Haimonot (Coptic Church)
      • Clelia Barbieri
      • Conrad Weiser (Episcopal Church (USA))
      • Eugenius of Carthage
      • Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
      • Mildrith of Thanet
      • Rosa Mystica
      • Silas (Catholic Church)
      • Teresa of the Andes
      • July 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Feast of Kalimát, first day of the seventh month of the Bahá’í calendar. (Bahá’í Faith)
    • Statehood Day (Montenegro)
    • The last day of Naadam (Mongolia)
    • Kashmir Martyrs’ Day (Pakistan)

  • July 9- History, Events, Births, Deaths Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 491 – Odoacer makes a night assault with his Heruli guardsmen, engaging Theoderic the Great in Ad Pinetam. Both sides suffer heavy losses, but in the end Theodoric forces Odoacer back into Ravenna.
    • 551 – A major earthquake strikes Beirut, triggering a devastating tsunami that affected the coastal towns of Byzantine Phoenicia, causing thousands of deaths.
    • 660 – Korean forces under general Kim Yu-sin of Silla defeat the army of Baekje in the Battle of Hwangsanbeol.
    • 869 – The 8.4–9.0 Mw  Sanriku earthquake strikes the area around Sendai in northern Honshu, Japan. Inundation from the tsunami extended several kilometers inland.
    • 969 – The Fatimid general Jawhar leads the Friday prayer in Fustat in the name of Caliph al-Mu’izz li-Din Allah, thereby symbolically completing the Fatimid conquest of Egypt.
    • 1357 – Emperor Charles IV assists in laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague.
    • 1386 – The Old Swiss Confederacy makes great strides in establishing control over its territory by soundly defeating the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Sempach.
    • 1401 – Timur attacks the Jalairid Sultanate and destroys Baghdad.
    • 1540 – King Henry VIII of England annuls his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.
    • 1572 – Nineteen Catholics suffer martyrdom for their beliefs in the Dutch town of Gorkum.
    • 1609 – Bohemia is granted freedom of religion through the Letter of Majesty by the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II.
    • 1701 – A Bourbon force under Nicolas Catinat withdraws from a smaller Habsburg force under Prince Eugene of Savoy in the Battle of Carpi.
    • 1745 – French victory in the Battle of Melle allows them to capture Ghent in the days after.
    • 1755 – The Braddock Expedition is soundly defeated by a smaller French and Native American force in its attempt to capture Fort Duquesne in what is now downtown Pittsburgh.
    • 1762 – Catherine the Great becomes Empress of Russia following the coup against her husband, Peter III.
    • 1776 – George Washington orders the Declaration of Independence to be read out to members of the Continental Army in Manhattan, while thousands of British troops on Staten Island prepare for the Battle of Long Island.
    • 1789 – In Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution.
    • 1790 – The Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian Baltic fleet.
    • 1793 – The Act Against Slavery in Upper Canada bans the importation of slaves and will free those who are born into slavery after the passage of the Act at 25 years of age.
    • 1807 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed by Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of Russia.
    • 1810 – Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire.
    • 1811 – Explorer David Thompson posts a sign near what is now Sacajawea State Park in Washington state, claiming the Columbia District for the United Kingdom.
    • 1815 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord becomes the first Prime Minister of France.
    • 1816 – Argentina declares independence from Spain.
    • 1821 – Four hundred and seventy prominent Cypriots including Archbishop Kyprianos are executed in response to Cypriot aid to the Greek War of Independence.
    • 1850 – U.S. President Zachary Taylor dies after eating raw fruit and iced milk; he is succeeded in office by Vice President Millard Fillmore.
    • 1850 – Persian prophet Báb is executed in Tabriz, Persia.
    • 1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson ends, giving the Union complete control of the Mississippi River.
    • 1868 – The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans full citizenship and all persons in the United States due process of law.
    • 1875 – The Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule begins, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans.
    • 1877 – The inaugural Wimbledon Championships begins.
    • 1893 – Daniel Hale Williams, American heart surgeon, performs the first successful open-heart surgery in United States without anesthesia.
    • 1896 – William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech advocating bimetallism at the 1896 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
    • 1900 – The Federation of Australia is given royal assent.
    • 1900 – The Governor of Shanxi province in North China orders the execution of 45 foreign Christian missionaries and local church members, including children.
    • 1918 – In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express, killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
    • 1922 – Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking the world swimming record and the ‘minute barrier’.
    • 1932 – The state of São Paulo revolts against the Brazilian Federal Government, starting the Constitutionalist Revolution.
    • 1937 – The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed by the 1937 Fox vault fire.
    • 1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Sicily soon causes the downfall of Mussolini and forces Hitler to break off the Battle of Kursk.
    • 1944 – World War II: American forces take Saipan, bringing the Japanese archipelago within range of B-29 raids, and causing the downfall of the Tojo government.
    • 1944 – World War II: Continuation War: Finland wins the Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in northern Europe. The Red Army withdraws its troops from Ihantala and digs into a defensive position, thus ending the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive.
    • 1955 – The Russell–Einstein Manifesto calls for a reduction of the risk of nuclear warfare.
    • 1956 – The 7.7 Mw  Amorgos earthquake shakes the Cyclades island group in the Aegean Sea with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The shaking and the destructive tsunami that followed left fifty-three people dead. A damaging M7.2 aftershock occurred minutes after the mainshock.
    • 1958 – A 7.8 Mw  strike-slip earthquake in Alaska causes a landslide that produces a megatsunami. The runup from the waves reached 525 m (1,722 ft) on the rim of Lituya Bay; five people were killed.
    • 1962 – Starfish Prime tests the effects of a nuclear test at orbital altitudes.
    • 1979 – A car bomb destroys a Renault motor car owned by “Nazi hunters” Serge and Beate Klarsfeld outside their home in France in an unsuccessful assassination attempt.
    • 1982 – Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana, killing all 145 people on board and eight others on the ground.
    • 1986 – The New Zealand Parliament passes the Homosexual Law Reform Act legalising homosexuality in New Zealand.
    • 1993 – The Parliament of Canada passes the Nunavut Act leading to the 1999 creation of Nunavut, dividing the Northwest Territories into arctic (Inuit) and sub-arctic (Dene) lands based on a plebiscite.
    • 1995 – The Navaly church bombing is carried out by the Sri Lanka Air Force killing 125 Tamil civilian refugees.
    • 1999 – Days of student protests begin after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory at the University of Tehran.
    • 2002 – The African Union is established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, replacing the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). The organization’s first chairman is Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa.
    • 2006 – One hundred and twenty-five people are killed when S7 Airlines Flight 778, an Airbus A310 passenger jet, veers off the runway while landing in wet conditions at Irkutsk Airport in Siberia.
    • 2011 – South Sudan gains independence and secedes from Sudan.

    Births on July 9

    • 1249 – Emperor Kameyama of Japan (d. 1305)
    • 1455 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (d. 1517)
    • 1511 – Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1571)
    • 1526 – Elizabeth of Austria, Polish noble (d. 1545)
    • 1577 – Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, English-American soldier and politician, Colonial Governor of Virginia (d. 1618)
    • 1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1637)
    • 1654 – Emperor Reigen of Japan (d. 1732)
    • 1686 – Philip Livingston, American merchant and politician (d. 1749)
    • 1689 – Alexis Piron, French epigrammatist and playwright (d. 1773)
    • 1721 – Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet and author (d. 1781)
    • 1753 – William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, English admiral and politician, 34th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1825)
    • 1764 – Ann Ward, English author and poet (d. 1823)
    • 1775 – Matthew Lewis, English author and playwright (d. 1818)
    • 1800 – Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German physician, pathologist, and anatomist (d. 1885)
    • 1808 – Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and colonel (d. 1887)
    • 1819 – Elias Howe, American inventor, invented the sewing machine (d. 1867)
    • 1825 – A. C. Gibbs, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of Oregon (d. 1886)
    • 1828 – Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian cardinal (d. 1913)
    • 1834 – Jan Neruda, Czech journalist and poet (d. 1891)
    • 1836 – Camille of Renesse-Breidbach (d. 1904)
    • 1848 – Robert I, Duke of Parma (d. 1907)
    • 1853 – William Turner Dannat, American painter (d. 1929)
    • 1856 – John Verran, English-Australian politician, 26th Premier of South Australia (d. 1932)
    • 1858 – Franz Boas, German-American anthropologist and linguist (d. 1942)
    • 1867 – Georges Lecomte, French author and playwright (d. 1958)
    • 1879 – Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician and parasitologist (d. 1934)
    • 1879 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer and conductor (d. 1936)
    • 1887 – James Ormsbee Chapin, American-Canadian painter and illustrator (d. 1975)
    • 1887 – Saturnino Herrán, Mexican painter (d. 1918)
    • 1887 – Samuel Eliot Morison, American admiral and historian (d. 1976)
    • 1889 – Léo Dandurand, American-Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and referee (d. 1964)
    • 1893 – George Geary, English cricketer and coach (d. 1981)
    • 1901 – Barbara Cartland, prolific English author (d. 2000)
    • 1902 – Peter Acland, English soldier (d. 1993)
    • 1905 – Clarence Campbell, Canadian ice hockey player and referee (d. 1984)
    • 1907 – Eddie Dean, American singer-songwriter (d. 1999)
    • 1908 – Allamah Rasheed Turabi, Pakistani philosopher and scholar (d. 1973)
    • 1908 – Minor White, American photographer, critic, and educator (d. 1976)
    • 1909 – Basil Wolverton, American author and illustrator (d. 1978)
    • 1910 – Govan Mbeki, South African anti-apartheid and ANC leader and activist (d. 2001)
    • 1911 – Mervyn Peake, English author and illustrator (d. 1968)
    • 1911 – John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist and author (d. 2008)
    • 1914 – Willi Stoph, German engineer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of East Germany (d. 1999)
    • 1914 – Mac Wilson, Australian rules footballer (d. 2017)
    • 1915 – David Diamond, American composer and educator (d. 2005)
    • 1915 – Lee Embree, American sergeant and photographer (d. 2008)
    • 1916 – Dean Goffin, New Zealand composer (d. 1984)
    • 1916 – Edward Heath, English colonel and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 2005)
    • 1917 – Krystyna Dańko, Polish orphan, survivor of Holocaust (d. 2019)
    • 1918 – Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn, Dutch mathematician and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1918 – Jarl Wahlström, Finnish 12th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1999)
    • 1921 – David C. Jones, American general (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Angelines Fernández, Spanish-Mexican actress (d. 1994)
    • 1922 – Jim Pollard, American basketball player and coach (d. 1993)
    • 1924 – Pierre Cochereau, French organist and composer (d. 1984)
    • 1925 – Guru Dutt, Indian actor, director, and producer (d. 1964)
    • 1925 – Charles E. Wicks, American engineer, author, and academic (d. 2010)
    • 1925 – Ronald I. Spiers, American ambassador
    • 1926 – Murphy Anderson, American illustrator (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Ben Roy Mottelson, American-Danish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1926 – Pedro Dellacha, Argentine football defender and coach (d. 2010)
    • 1926 – Mathilde Krim, Italian-American medical researcher and health educator (d. 2018)
    • 1927 – Ed Ames, American singer and actor
    • 1927 – Red Kelly, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and politician (d. 2019)
    • 1928 – Federico Bahamontes, Spanish cyclist
    • 1928 – Vince Edwards, American actor, singer, and director (d. 1996)
    • 1929 – Lee Hazlewood, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2007)
    • 1929 – Jesse McReynolds, American singer and mandolin player
    • 1929 – Chi Haotian, Chinese general
    • 1929 – Hassan II of Morocco (d. 1999)
    • 1930 – K. Balachander, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1930 – Buddy Bregman, American composer and conductor (d. 2017)
    • 1930 – Janice Lourie, American computer scientist and graphic artist
    • 1930 – Elsa Lystad, Norwegian actress
    • 1930 – Roy McLean, South African cricketer and rugby player (d. 2007)
    • 1931 – Haynes Johnson, American journalist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Sylvia Bacon, American judge
    • 1932 – Donald Rumsfeld, American captain and politician, 13th United States Secretary of Defense
    • 1932 – Amitzur Shapira, Israeli sprinter and long jumper (d. 1972)
    • 1933 – Oliver Sacks, English-American neurologist, author, and academic (d. 2015)
    • 1934 – Michael Graves, American architect, designed the Portland Building and the Humana Building (d. 2015)
    • 1935 – Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician, Dutch Minister of Finance (d. 2005)
    • 1935 – Mercedes Sosa, Argentinian singer and activist (d. 2009)
    • 1935 – Michael Williams, English actor (d. 2001)
    • 1936 – June Jordan, American poet and educator (d. 2002)
    • 1936 – David Zinman, American violinist and conductor
    • 1937 – David Hockney, English painter and photographer
    • 1938 – Brian Dennehy, American actor (d. 2020)
    • 1938 – Sanjeev Kumar, Indian film actor (d. 1985)
    • 1940 – David B. Frohnmayer, American lawyer and politician, 12th Oregon Attorney General (d. 2015)
    • 1940 – Eugene Victor Wolfenstein, American psychoanalyst and theorist (d. 2010)
    • 1941 – Mac MacLeod, English musician
    • 1942 – David Chidgey, Baron Chidgey, English engineer and politician
    • 1942 – Richard Roundtree, American actor
    • 1943 – John Casper, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut
    • 1944 – Judith M. Brown, Indian-English historian and academic
    • 1944 – John Cunniff, American ice hockey player and coach (d. 2002)
    • 1945 – Dean Koontz, American author and screenwriter
    • 1945 – Root Boy Slim, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1993)
    • 1946 – Bon Scott, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter (d. 1980)
    • 1947 – Haruomi Hosono, Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
    • 1947 – Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (d. 2008)
    • 1947 – O. J. Simpson, American football player and actor
    • 1947 – Patrick Wormald, English historian (d. 2004)
    • 1948 – Hassan Wirajuda, Indonesian lawyer and politician, 15th Indonesian Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • 1949 – Raoul Cédras, Haitian military officer and politician
    • 1950 – Amal ibn Idris al-Alami, Moroccan physician and neurosurgeon
    • 1950 – Adriano Panatta, Italian tennis player and sailor
    • 1950 – Viktor Yanukovych, Ukrainian engineer and politician, 4th President of Ukraine
    • 1951 – Chris Cooper, American actor
    • 1951 – Māris Gailis, Latvian politician, businessman, and former Prime Minister of Latvia
    • 1952 – John Tesh, American pianist, composer, and radio and television host
    • 1953 – Margie Gillis, Canadian dancer and choreographer
    • 1953 – Thomas Ligotti, American author
    • 1954 – Théophile Abega, Cameroonian footballer and politician (d. 2012)
    • 1954 – Kevin O’Leary, Canadian journalist and businessman
    • 1955 – Steve Coppell, English footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Lindsey Graham, American colonel, lawyer, and politician
    • 1955 – Jimmy Smits, American actor and producer
    • 1955 – Willie Wilson, American baseball player and manager
    • 1956 – Tom Hanks, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1956 – Michael Lederer, American author, poet, and playwright
    • 1957 – Marc Almond, English singer-songwriter
    • 1957 – Tim Kring, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1957 – Kelly McGillis, American actress
    • 1957 – Paul Merton, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter
    • 1958 – Abdul Latiff Ahmad, Malaysian politician
    • 1958 – Jacob Joseph, Malaysian football coach
    • 1959 – Jim Kerr, Scottish singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1959 – Kevin Nash, American wrestler
    • 1959 – Clive Stafford Smith, English lawyer and author
    • 1960 – Yūko Asano, Japanese actress and singer
    • 1960 – Wally Fullerton Smith, Australian rugby league player
    • 1960 – Eduardo Montes-Bradley, Argentinian journalist, photographer, and author
    • 1963 – Klaus Theiss, German footballer
    • 1964 – Courtney Love, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
    • 1964 – Gianluca Vialli, Italian footballer and coach
    • 1965 – Frank Bello, American bass player
    • 1965 – Thomas Jahn, German director and screenwriter
    • 1965 – Jason Rhoades, American sculptor (d. 2006)
    • 1966 – Pamela Adlon, American actress and voice artist
    • 1966 – Zheng Cao, Chinese-American soprano and actress (d. 2013)
    • 1966 – Gary Glasberg, American television writer and producer (d. 2016)
    • 1966 – Marco Pennette, American screenwriter and producer
    • 1967 – Gunnar Axén, Swedish politician
    • 1967 – Yordan Letchkov, Bulgarian footballer
    • 1967 – Mark Stoops, American football player and coach
    • 1968 – Paolo Di Canio, Italian footballer and manager
    • 1968 – Lars Gyllenhaal, Swedish historian and author
    • 1969 – Nicklas Barker, Swedish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1969 – Jason Kearton, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1970 – Trent Green, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1970 – Masami Tsuda, Japanese author and illustrator
    • 1971 – Marc Andreessen, American software developer, co-founded Netscape
    • 1972 – Ara Babajian, American drummer and songwriter
    • 1973 – Kelly Holcomb, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1974 – Siân Berry, English environmentalist and politician
    • 1974 – Ian Bradshaw, Barbadian cricketer
    • 1974 – Gary Kelly, Irish footballer
    • 1974 – Nikola Šarčević, Swedish singer-songwriter and bass player
    • 1975 – Shelton Benjamin, American wrestler
    • 1975 – Isaac Brock, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1975 – Robert Koenig, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1975 – Craig Quinnell, Welsh rugby player
    • 1975 – Jack White, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1976 – Thomas Cichon, Polish-German footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Fred Savage, American actor, director, and producer
    • 1976 – Radike Samo, Fijian-Australian rugby player
    • 1978 – Kara Goucher, American runner
    • 1978 – Nuno Santos, Portuguese footballer
    • 1979 – Gary Chaw, Malaysian Chinese singer-songwriter
    • 1981 – Lee Chun-soo, South Korean footballer
    • 1981 – Junauda Petrus, American author and performance artist
    • 1982 – Alecko Eskandarian, American soccer player and manager
    • 1982 – Sakon Yamamoto, Japanese race car driver
    • 1984 – Chris Campoli, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1984 – Gianni Fabiano, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Jacob Hoggard, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1984 – Ave Pajo, Estonian footballer
    • 1984 – Piia Suomalainen, Finnish tennis player
    • 1984 – LA Tenorio, Filipino basketball player
    • 1985 – Paweł Korzeniowski, Polish swimmer
    • 1985 – Ashley Young, English footballer
    • 1986 – Sébastien Bassong, Cameroonian footballer
    • 1986 – Simon Dumont, American skier
    • 1986 – Kiely Williams, American singer-songwriter and dancer
    • 1987 – Gert Jõeäär, Estonian cyclist
    • 1987 – Rebecca Sugar, American animator, composer, and screenwriter
    • 1988 – Raul Rusescu, Romanian footballer
    • 1990 – Earl Bamber, New Zealand race car driver
    • 1990 – Fábio, Brazilian footballer
    • 1990 – Rafael, Brazilian footballer
    • 1991 – Mitchel Musso, American actor and singer
    • 1993 – Mitch Larkin, Australian swimmer
    • 1993 – DeAndre Yedlin, American footballer
    • 1999 – Claire Corlett, American voice actress

    Deaths on July 9

    • 230 – Empress Dowager Bian, Cao Cao’s wife (b. 159)
    • 518 – Anastasius I Dicorus, Byzantine emperor (b. 430)
    • 715 – Naga, Japanese prince
    • 880 – Ariwara no Narihira, Japanese poet (b. 825)
    • 981 – Ramiro Garcés, king of Viguera
    • 1169 – Guido of Ravenna, Italian cartographer, entomologist and historian
    • 1228 – Stephen Langton, English cardinal and theologian (b. 1150)
    • 1270 – Stephen Báncsa, Hungarian cardinal (b. c. 1205)
    • 1386 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (b. 1351)
    • 1441 – Jan van Eyck, Dutch painter
    • 1546 – Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, Scottish statesman (b. c. 1493)
    • 1553 – Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b. 1521)
    • 1654 – Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (b. 1633)
    • 1706 – Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville, Canadian captain and explorer (b. 1661)
    • 1737 – Gian Gastone de’ Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1671)
    • 1742 – John Oldmixon, English historian, poet, and playwright (b. 1673)
    • 1746 – Philip V of Spain (b. 1683)
    • 1747 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian cellist and composer (b. 1670)
    • 1766 – Jonathan Mayhew, American minister (b. 1720)
    • 1795 – Henry Seymour Conway, English general and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1721)
    • 1797 – Edmund Burke, Irish-English philosopher, academic, and politician (b. 1729)
    • 1828 – Cathinka Buchwieser, German operatic singer and actress (b. 1789)
    • 1850 – Báb, Persian religious leader, founded Bábism (b. 1819)
    • 1850 – Zachary Taylor, American general and politician, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
    • 1852 – Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan, American lawyer and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1794)
    • 1856 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist and academic (b. 1776)
    • 1856 – James Strang, American religious leader and politician (b. 1813)
    • 1880 – Paul Broca, French physician and anatomist (b. 1824)
    • 1882 – Ignacio Carrera Pinto, Chilean captain (b. 1848)
    • 1903 – Alphonse François Renard, Belgian geologist and photographer (b. 1842)
    • 1927 – John Drew, Jr., American actor (b. 1853)
    • 1932 – King Camp Gillette, American businessman, founded the Gillette Company (b. 1855)
    • 1937 – Oliver Law, American commander (b. 1899)
    • 1938 – Benjamin N. Cardozo, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1870)
    • 1947 – Lucjan Żeligowski, Polish-Lithuanian general and politician (b. 1865)
    • 1949 – Fritz Hart, English-Australian composer and conductor (b. 1874)
    • 1951 – Harry Heilmann, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1894)
    • 1955 – Don Beauman, English race car driver (b. 1928)
    • 1955 – Adolfo de la Huerta, Mexican politician and provisional president, 1920 (b. 1881)
    • 1959 – Ferenc Talányi, Slovene journalist and painter (b. 1883)
    • 1962 – Georges Bataille, French philosopher, novelist, and poet (b. 1897)
    • 1961 – Whittaker Chambers, American spy and witness in Hiss case(b. 1901)
    • 1967 – Eugen Fischer, German physician and academic (b. 1874)
    • 1967 – Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani dentist and politician (b. 1893)
    • 1970 – Sigrid Holmquist, Swedish actress (b. 1899)
    • 1971 – Karl Ast, Estonian author and politician (b. 1886)
    • 1972 – Robert Weede, American opera singer (b. 1903)
    • 1974 – Earl Warren, American jurist and politician, 14th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1891)
    • 1977 – Alice Paul, American activist (b. 1885)
    • 1979 – Cornelia Otis Skinner, American actress and author (b. 1899)
    • 1980 – Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet, playwright, and composer (b. 1913)
    • 1984 – Edna Ernestine Kramer, American mathematician (b. 1902)
    • 1985 – Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1896)
    • 1985 – Jimmy Kinnon, Scottish-American activist, founded Narcotics Anonymous (b. 1911)
    • 1986 – Patriarch Nicholas VI of Alexandria (b. 1915)
    • 1992 – Kelvin Coe, Australian ballet dancer (b. 1946)
    • 1992 – Eric Sevareid, American journalist (b. 1912)
    • 1993 – Metin Altıok, Turkish poet and educator (b. 1940)
    • 1994 – Bill Mosienko, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1921)
    • 1996 – Melvin Belli, American lawyer (b. 1907)
    • 1999 – Robert de Cotret, Canadian politician, 56th Secretary of State for Canada (b. 1944)
    • 2000 – Doug Fisher, English actor (b. 1941)
    • 2002 – Mayo Kaan, American bodybuilder (b. 1914)
    • 2002 – Rod Steiger, American actor (b. 1925)
    • 2004 – Paul Klebnikov, American journalist and historian (b. 1963)
    • 2004 – Isabel Sanford, American actress (b. 1917)
    • 2005 – Chuck Cadman, Canadian engineer and politician (b. 1948)
    • 2005 – Yevgeny Grishin, Russian speed skater (b. 1931)
    • 2005 – Alex Shibicky, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1914)
    • 2006 – Milan Williams, American keyboard player and producer (b. 1948)
    • 2007 – Charles Lane, American actor (b. 1905)
    • 2008 – Séamus Brennan, Irish accountant and politician, Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport (b. 1948)
    • 2010 – Jessica Anderson, Australian author and playwright (b. 1916)
    • 2011 – Don Ackerman, American basketball player (b. 1930)
    • 2011 – Facundo Cabral, Argentinian singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
    • 2012 – Shin Jae-chul, South Korean-American martial artist (b. 1936)
    • 2012 – Chick King, American baseball player (b. 1930)
    • 2012 – Terepai Maoate, Cook Islander physician and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (b. 1934)
    • 2012 – Eugênio Sales, Brazilian cardinal (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Markus Büchel, Liechtensteiner politician, 9th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (b. 1959)
    • 2013 – Andrew Nori, Solomon lawyer and politician (b. 1952)
    • 2013 – Kiril of Varna, Bulgarian metropolitan (b. 1954)
    • 2013 – Barbara Robinson, American author and poet (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Toshi Seeger, American activist, co-founded the Clearwater Festival (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – Lorenzo Álvarez Florentín, Paraguayan violinist and composer (b. 1926)
    • 2014 – David Azrieli, Polish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – Eileen Ford, American businesswoman, co-founded Ford Models (b. 1922)
    • 2014 – John Spinks, English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1953)
    • 2015 – Christian Audigier, French fashion designer (b. 1958)
    • 2015 – Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Saudi Arabian economist and politician, Saudi Arabian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1940)
    • 2019 – William E. Dannemeyer, American politician (b. 1929)
    • 2019 – Ross Perot, American businessman and politician (b. 1930)
    • 2019 – Fernando de la Rúa, 43rd President of Argentina (b. 1937)
    • 2019 – Rip Torn, American actor (b. 1931)
    • 2019 – Freddie Jones, English actor (b. 1927)

    Holidays and observances on July 9

    • Arbor Day (Cambodia)
    • Christian Feast Day:
      • Agilulfus of Cologne
      • Amandina of Schakkebroek (one of Martyrs of Southern Hunan)
      • Blessed Marija Petković
      • Everilda
      • Gregorio Grassi (one of Martyrs of Shanxi)
      • Martyr Saints of China
      • Martyrs of Gorkum
      • Our Lady of Itatí
      • Our Lady of Peace, Octave of the Visitation
      • Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá
      • Pauline of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus
      • Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury (Anglican commemoration)
      • Veronica Giuliani
      • July 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Constitution Day (Australia)
    • Constitution Day (Palau)
    • Constitutionalist Revolution Day (São Paulo)
    • Day of the Employees of the Diplomatic Service (Azerbaijan)
    • Earliest day on which Martyrdom of the Báb can fall, while July 10 is the latest; observed on the 17th of Raḥmat (Bahá’í Faith)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the declaration of independence of the United Provinces of South America by the Congress of Tucumán in 1816. (Argentina)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of South Sudan from Sudan in 2011.
    • Nunavut Day (Nunavut)

  • June 26 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 4 AD – Augustus adopts Tiberius.
    • 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar.
    • 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sasanian Empire.
    • 684 – Pope Benedict II is chosen.
    • 699 – En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic and apothecary who will later be regarded as the founder of a folk religion Shugendō, is banished to Izu Ōshima.
    • 1243 – Mongols defeat the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Köse Dağ.
    • 1295 – Przemysł II crowned king of Poland, following Ducal period. The white eagle is added to the Polish coat of arms.
    • 1407 – Ulrich von Jungingen becomes Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
    • 1409 – Western Schism: The Roman Catholic Church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.
    • 1460 – Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Edward, Earl of March, land in England with a rebel army and march on London.
    • 1483 – Richard III becomes King of England.
    • 1522 – Ottomans begin the second Siege of Rhodes.
    • 1541 – Francisco Pizarro is assassinated in Lima by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego de Almagro the younger. Almagro is later caught and executed.
    • 1579 – Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory begins.
    • 1718 – Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, Peter the Great’s son, mysteriously dies after being sentenced to death by his father for plotting against him.
    • 1723 – After a siege and bombardment by cannon, Baku surrenders to the Russians.
    • 1740 – A combined force of Spanish, free blacks and allied Indians defeat a British garrison at the Siege of Fort Mose near St. Augustine during the War of Jenkins’ Ear.
    • 1794 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Fleurus marked the first successful military use of aircraft.
    • 1830 – William IV becomes king of Britain and Hanover.
    • 1843 – Treaty of Nanking comes into effect, Hong Kong Island is ceded to the British “in perpetuity”.
    • 1848 – End of the June Days Uprising in Paris.
    • 1857 – The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
    • 1870 – The Christian holiday of Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the United States.
    • 1886 – Henri Moissan isolated elemental Fluorine for the first time.
    • 1889 – Bangui is founded by Albert Dolisie and Alfred Uzac in what was then the upper reaches of the French Congo.
    • 1906 – The first Grand Prix motor race is held at Le Mans.
    • 1909 – The Science Museum in London comes into existence as an independent entity.
    • 1917 – World War I: The American Expeditionary Forces begin to arrive in France. They will first enter combat four months later.
    • 1918 – World War I: Allied forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord defeat Imperial German forces under Wilhelm, German Crown Prince in the Battle of Belleau Wood.
    • 1924 – The American occupation of the Dominican Republic ends after eight years.
    • 1927 – The Cyclone roller coaster opens on Coney Island.
    • 1934 – United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Federal Credit Union Act, which establishes credit unions.
    • 1936 – Initial flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter.
    • 1940 – World War II: Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Romania requiring it to cede Bessarabia and the northern part of Bukovina.
    • 1941 – World War II: Soviet planes bomb Kassa, Hungary (now Košice, Slovakia), giving Hungary the impetus to declare war the next day.
    • 1942 – The first flight of the Grumman F6F Hellcat.
    • 1944 – World War II: San Marino, a neutral state, is mistakenly bombed by the RAF based on faulty information, leading to 35 civilian deaths.
    • 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Osuchy in Osuchy, Poland, one of the largest battles between Nazi Germany and Polish resistance forces, ends with the defeat of the latter.
    • 1945 – The United Nations Charter is signed by 50 Allied nations in San Francisco, California.
    • 1948 – Cold War: The first supply flights are made in response to the Berlin Blockade.
    • 1948 – William Shockley files the original patent for the grown-junction transistor, the first bipolar junction transistor.
    • 1948 – Shirley Jackson’s short story The Lottery is published in The New Yorker magazine.
    • 1952 – The Pan-Malayan Labour Party is founded in Malaya, as a union of statewide labour parties.
    • 1953 – Lavrentiy Beria, head of MVD, is arrested by Nikita Khrushchev and other members of the Politburo.
    • 1955 – The South African Congress Alliance adopts the Freedom Charter at the Congress of the People in Kliptown.
    • 1959 – Swedish boxer Ingemar Johansson becomes world champion of heavy weight boxing, by defeating American Floyd Patterson on technical knockout after two minutes and three seconds in the third round at Yankee Stadium.
    • 1960 – The former British Protectorate of British Somaliland gains its independence as Somaliland.
    • 1960 – Madagascar gains its independence from France.
    • 1963 – Cold War: U.S. President John F. Kennedy gave his “Ich bin ein Berliner” speech, underlining the support of the United States for democratic West Germany shortly after Soviet-supported East Germany erected the Berlin Wall.
    • 1967 – Karol Wojtyła (later John Paul II) made a cardinal by Pope Paul VI.
    • 1974 – The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley’s chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio.
    • 1975 – Two FBI agents and a member of the American Indian Movement are killed in a shootout on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota; Leonard Peltier is later convicted of the murders in a controversial trial.
    • 1977 – Elvis Presley held his final concert in Indianapolis, Indiana at Market Square Arena.
    • 1978 – Air Canada Flight 189, flying to Toronto, overruns the runway and crashes into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of the 107 passengers on board perish.
    • 1991 – Yugoslav Wars: The Yugoslav People’s Army begins the Ten-Day War in Slovenia.
    • 1995 – Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani deposes his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar, in a bloodless coup d’état.
    • 1997 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Communications Decency Act violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
    • 2000 – The Human Genome Project announces the completion of a “rough draft” sequence.
    • 2003 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Lawrence v. Texas that gender-based sodomy laws are unconstitutional.
    • 2006 – Mari Alkatiri, the first Prime Minister of East Timor, resigns after weeks of political unrest.
    • 2007 – Pope Benedict XVI reinstates the traditional laws of papal election in which a successful candidate must receive two-thirds of the votes.
    • 2008 – A suicide bomber dressed as an Iraqi policeman detonates an explosive vest, killing 25 people.
    • 2012 – The Waldo Canyon fire descends into the Mountain Shadows neighborhood in Colorado Springs burning 347 homes in a matter of hours and killing two people.
    • 2013 – Riots in China’s Xinjiang region kill at least 36 people and injure 21 others.
    • 2013 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 5–4, that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional and in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
    • 2015 – Five different terrorist attacks in France, Tunisia, Somalia, Kuwait, and Syria occurred on what was dubbed Bloody Friday by international media. Upwards of 750 people were either killed or injured in these uncoordinated attacks.
    • 2015 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 5–4, that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marriage under the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution.

    Births on June 26

    • 12 BC – Agrippa Postumus, Roman son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (d. 14)
    • 1399 – John, Count of Angoulême (d. 1467)
    • 1575 – Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (d. 1612)
    • 1581 – San Pedro Claver, Spanish Jesuit saint (d. 1654)
    • 1600 – Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Spanish-born bishop and viceroy of New Spain (d. 1659)
    • 1681 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden (d. 1708)
    • 1689 – Edward Holyoke, American pastor and academic (d. 1769)
    • 1694 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1768)
    • 1699 – Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, French businesswoman (d. 1777)
    • 1702 – Philip Doddridge, English hymn-writer and educator (d. 1751)
    • 1703 – Thomas Clap, American minister and academic (d. 1767)
    • 1726 – Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (d. 1796)
    • 1730 – Charles Messier, French astronomer and academic (d. 1817)
    • 1764 – Jan Paweł Łuszczewski, Polish politician (d. 1812)
    • 1796 – Jan Paweł Lelewel, Polish painter and engineer (d. 1847)
    • 1798 – Wolfgang Menzel, German poet and critic (d. 1873)
    • 1817 – Branwell Brontë, English painter and poet (d. 1848)
    • 1819 – Abner Doubleday, American general (d. 1893)
    • 1821 – Bartolomé Mitre, Argentinian soldier, journalist, and politician, 6th President of Argentina (d. 1906)
    • 1824 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Irish-Scottish physicist and engineer (d. 1907)
    • 1835 – Thomas W. Knox, American journalist and author (d. 1896)
    • 1839 – Sam Watkins, American soldier and author (d. 1901)
    • 1852 – Daoud Corm, Lebanese painter (d. 1930)
    • 1854 – Robert Laird Borden, Canadian lawyer and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1937)
    • 1865 – Bernard Berenson, Lithuanian-American historian and author (d. 1959)
    • 1866 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English archaeologist and banker (d. 1923)
    • 1869 – Martin Andersen Nexø, Danish journalist and author (d. 1954)
    • 1878 – Leopold Löwenheim, German mathematician and logician (d. 1957)
    • 1880 – Mitchell Lewis, American actor (d. 1956)
    • 1881 – Ya’akov Cohen, Israeli linguist, poet, and playwright (d. 1960)
    • 1892 – Pearl S. Buck, American novelist, essayist, short story writer Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
    • 1893 – Dorothy Fuldheim, American journalist and news anchor(d. 1989)
    • 1895 – George Hainsworth, Canadian ice hockey player and politician (d. 1950)
    • 1898 – Willy Messerschmitt, German engineer and businessman (d. 1978)
    • 1898 – Chesty Puller, US general (d. 1971)
    • 1899 – Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
    • 1901 – Stuart Symington, American lieutenant and politician, 1st United States Secretary of the Air Force (d. 1988)
    • 1902 – Hugues Cuénod, Swiss tenor and educator (d. 2010)
    • 1903 – Big Bill Broonzy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1958)
    • 1904 – Frank Scott Hogg, Canadian astronomer and academic (d. 1951)
    • 1904 – Peter Lorre, Slovak-American actor and singer (d. 1964)
    • 1905 – Lynd Ward, American author and illustrator (d. 1985)
    • 1906 – Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer (d. 1974)
    • 1906 – Viktor Schreckengost, American sculptor and educator (d. 2008)
    • 1907 – Debs Garms, American baseball player (d. 1984)
    • 1908 – Salvador Allende, Chilean physician and politician, 29th President of Chile (d. 1973)
    • 1909 – Colonel Tom Parker, Dutch-American talent manager (d. 1997)
    • 1909 – Wolfgang Reitherman, German-American animator, director, and producer (d. 1985)
    • 1911 – Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American golfer and basketball player (d. 1956)
    • 1911 – Bronisław Żurakowski, Polish pilot and engineer (d. 2009)
    • 1913 – Aimé Césaire, French poet, author, and politician (d. 2008)
    • 1913 – Maurice Wilkes, English computer scientist and physicist (d. 2010)
    • 1914 – Laurie Lee, English author and poet (d. 1997)
    • 1914 – Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark, European royalty (d. 2001)
    • 1915 – Paul Castellano, American gangster (d. 1985)
    • 1915 – George Haigh, English professional footballer (d. 2019)
    • 1915 – Charlotte Zolotow, American author and poet (d. 2013)
    • 1916 – Virginia Satir, American psychotherapist and author (d. 1988)
    • 1916 – Giuseppe Taddei, Italian actor and singer (d. 2010)
    • 1917 – Idriz Ajeti, Albanian albanologist (d. 2019)
    • 1918 – Leo Rosner, Polish-born Austrian Jewish musician (d. 2008)
    • 1918 – Raleigh Rhodes, American combat fighter pilot (d. 2007)
    • 1918 – J. B. Fuqua, American entrepreneur and philanthropist (d. 2006)
    • 1919 – Richard Neustadt, American political scientist and academic (d. 2003)
    • 1919 – Jimmy Newberry, American pitcher (d. 1983)
    • 1919 – George Athan Billias, American historian (d. 2018)
    • 1919 – Donald M. Ashton, English art director (d. 2004)
    • 1920 – Jean-Pierre Roy, Canadian-American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2014)
    • 1921 – Violette Szabo, French-British secret agent (d. 1945)
    • 1921 – Robert Everett, American computer scientist (d. 2018)
    • 1922 – Walter Farley, American author (d. 1989)
    • 1922 – Eleanor Parker, American actress (d. 2013)
    • 1922 – Enzo Apicella, English artist, cartoonist, designer, and restaurateur (d. 2018)
    • 1923 – Franz-Paul Decker, German conductor (d. 2014)
    • 1923 – Ed Bearss, American veteran of World War II
    • 1924 – Kostas Axelos, Greek-French philosopher and author (d. 2010)
    • 1924 – James W. McCord Jr., CIA officer (d. 2017)
    • 1925 – Pavel Belyayev, Russian soldier, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1970)
    • 1925 – Wolfgang Unzicker, German chess player (d. 2006)
    • 1925 – Jean Frydman, French resistant and businessman
    • 1926 – Kenny Baker, American fiddler (d.2011)
    • 1926 – Mahendra Bhatnagar, Indian poet
    • 1926 – Fernando Mönckeberg Barros, Chilean surgeon
    • 1926 – Dinu Zamfirescu, Romanian politician
    • 1927 – Robert Kroetsch, Canadian author and poet (d. 2011)
    • 1928 – Jacob Druckman, American composer and academic (d. 1996)
    • 1928 – Yoshiro Nakamatsu, Japanese inventor
    • 1928 – Bill Sheffield, American politician; 5th Governor of Alaska
    • 1928 – Samuel Belzberg, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2018)
    • 1929 – June Bronhill, Australian soprano and actress (d. 2005)
    • 1929 – Fred Bruemmer, Latvian-Canadian photographer and author (d. 2013)
    • 1929 – Milton Glaser, American illustrator and graphic designer
    • 1930 – Jackie Fargo, American wrestler and trainer (d. 2013)
    • 1930 – Wolfgang Schwanitz, East German secret police
    • 1931 – Colin Wilson, English philosopher and author (d. 2013)
    • 1931 – Robert Colbert, American actor
    • 1932 – Dame Marguerite Pindling, Bahamian politician; Governor-General of the Bahamas
    • 1932 – Don Valentine, American venture capitalist (d. 2019)
    • 1933 – Claudio Abbado, Italian conductor (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Gene Green, American baseball player (d. 1981)
    • 1933 – David Winnick, English politician
    • 1934 – Dave Grusin, American pianist and composer
    • 1934 – Toru Goto, Japanese swimmer
    • 1935 – Carlo Facetti, Italian race car driver
    • 1935 – Sandro Riminucci, Italian basketball player
    • 1935 – Dwight York, American singer
    • 1936 – Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (d. 2014)
    • 1936 – Hal Greer, American basketball player (d. 2018)
    • 1936 – Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart, Scottish politician (d. 2020)
    • 1936 – Edith Pearlman, American short story writer
    • 1936 – Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (d. 2015)
    • 1936 – Nancy Willard, American author and poet (d. 2017)
    • 1937 – Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013)
    • 1937 – Reggie Workman, American bassist and composer
    • 1938 – Neil Abercrombie, American sociologist and politician, 7th Governor of Hawaii
    • 1938 – Billy Davis Jr., American pop-soul singer
    • 1938 – Gerald North, American climatologist and academic
    • 1939 – Chuck Robb, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 64th Governor of Virginia
    • 1939 – Zainuddin Maidin, Malaysian politician (d. 2018)
    • 1941 – Yves Beauchemin, Canadian author and academic
    • 1942 – J.J. Dillon, American wrestler and manager
    • 1942 – Gilberto Gil, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and politician, Brazilian Minister of Culture
    • 1943 – Georgie Fame, English singer, pianist, and keyboard player
    • 1943 – Warren Farrell, American author and educator
    • 1944 – Gennady Zyuganov, Russian colonel and politician
    • 1946 – Candace Pert, American neuroscientist and pharmacologist (d. 2013)
    • 1949 – Fredric Brandt, American dermatologist and author (d. 2015)
    • 1949 – Adrian Gurvitz, English singer-songwriter and producer
    • 1949 – Mary Styles Harris, American biologist and geneticist
    • 1951 – Gary Gilmour, Australian cricketer and manager (d. 2014)
    • 1952 – Gordon McQueen, Scottish footballer and manager
    • 1952 – Olive Morris, Jamaican-English civil rights activist (d. 1979)
    • 1954 – Luis Arconada, Spanish footballer
    • 1955 – Mick Jones, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1955 – Gedde Watanabe, American actor
    • 1956 – Chris Isaak, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1956 – Catherine Samba-Panza, interim president of the Central African Republic
    • 1956 – Patrick Mercer, English colonel and politician
    • 1957 – Al Hunter Ashton, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2007)
    • 1957 – Philippe Couillard, Canadian surgeon and politician, 31st Premier of Quebec
    • 1957 – Patty Smyth, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1959 – Mark McKinney, Canadian actor and screenwriter
    • 1960 – Mark Durkan, Irish politician
    • 1961 – Greg LeMond, American cyclist
    • 1961 – Terri Nunn, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1962 – Jerome Kersey, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
    • 1963 – Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russian-Swiss businessman and philanthropist
    • 1963 – Mark McClellan, American economist and politician
    • 1963 – Harriet Wheeler, English singer-songwriter
    • 1964 – Tommi Mäkinen, Finnish race car driver
    • 1966 – Dany Boon, French actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1966 – Kirk McLean, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1966 – Jürgen Reil, American drummer
    • 1967 – Inha Babakova, Ukrainian high jumper
    • 1967 – Olivier Dahan, French director and screenwriter
    • 1968 – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, Icelandic lecturer and politician, 6th President of Iceland
    • 1968 – Paolo Maldini, Italian footballer
    • 1968 – Shannon Sharpe, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1969 – Colin Greenwood, English bass player and songwriter
    • 1969 – Ingrid Lempereur, Belgian swimmer
    • 1969 – Geir Moen, Norwegian sprinter
    • 1969 – Mike Myers, American baseball player
    • 1970 – Paul Thomas Anderson, American director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1970 – Paul Bitok, Kenyan runner
    • 1970 – Irv Gotti, American record producer, co-founded Murder Inc Records
    • 1970 – Sean Hayes, American actor
    • 1970 – Adam Ndlovu, Zimbabwean footballer
    • 1970 – Chris O’Donnell, American actor
    • 1970 – Nick Offerman, American actor
    • 1971 – Max Biaggi, Italian motorcycle racer
    • 1972 – Jai Taurima, Australian long jumper and police officer
    • 1973 – Gretchen Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1974 – Derek Jeter, American baseball player
    • 1974 – Jason Kendall, American baseball player
    • 1975 – Chris Armstrong, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1975 – Terry Skiverton, English footballer and manager
    • 1976 – Ed Jovanovski, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1976 – Pommie Mbangwa, Zimbabwean cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1976 – Chad Pennington, American football player and sportscaster
    • 1976 – Dave Rubin, American political commentator
    • 1977 – Quincy Lewis, American basketball player
    • 1979 – Ryō Fukuda, Japanese race car driver
    • 1979 – Walter Herrmann, Argentinian basketball player
    • 1979 – Ryan Tedder, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer
    • 1980 – Hamílton Hênio Ferreira Calheiros, Togolese footballer
    • 1980 – Michael Jackson, English footballer
    • 1980 – Jason Schwartzman, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and actor
    • 1980 – Chris Shelton, American baseball player
    • 1980 – Michael Vick, American football player
    • 1981 – Natalya Antyukh, Russian sprinter and hurdler
    • 1981 – Paolo Cannavaro, Italian footballer
    • 1981 – Kanako Kondō, Japanese voice actress and singer
    • 1981 – Takashi Toritani, Japanese baseball player
    • 1982 – Zuzana Kučová, Slovak tennis player
    • 1983 – Vinícius Rodrigues Almeida, Brazilian footballer
    • 1983 – Nick Compton, South African-English cricketer
    • 1983 – Toyonoshima Daiki, Japanese sumo wrestler
    • 1983 – Felipe Melo, Brazilian footballer
    • 1983 – Antonio Rosati, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – Indila, French singer
    • 1984 – José Juan Barea, Puerto Rican-American basketball player
    • 1984 – Yankuba Ceesay, Gambian footballer
    • 1984 – Elijah Dukes, American baseball player
    • 1984 – Raymond Felton, American basketball player
    • 1984 – Priscah Jeptoo, Kenyan runner
    • 1984 – Jūlija Tepliha, Latvian figure skater
    • 1984 – Deron Williams, American basketball player
    • 1984 – Preslava, Bulgarian singer
    • 1985 – Ogyen Trinley Dorje, Tibetan spiritual leader, 17th Karmapa Lama
    • 1986 – Duvier Riascos, Colombian footballer
    • 1987 – Carlos Iaconelli, Brazilian race car driver
    • 1987 – Samir Nasri, French footballer
    • 1988 – Oliver Stang, German footballer
    • 1990 – Belaynesh Oljira, Ethiopian runner
    • 1990 – Igor Subbotin, Estonian footballer
    • 1991 – Houssem Chemali, French footballer
    • 1991 – Diego Falcinelli, Italian footballer
    • 1991 – Dustin Martin, Australian rules footballer
    • 1992 – Joel Campbell, Costa Rican footballer
    • 1992 – Rudy Gobert, French basketball player
    • 1992 – Jennette McCurdy, American actress and singer-songwriter
    • 1993 – Ariana Grande, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress
    • 1994 – Hollie Arnold, English javelin thrower
    • 1994 – Leonard Carow, German actor
    • 1997 – Baek Ye-rin, South Korean singer
    • 1997 – Callum Taylor, English cricketer
    • 2002 – Chandler Smith, American racing driver
    • 2009 – Yesha Camile, Filipino child actress

    Deaths on June 26

    • 116 BC – Ptolemy VIII, king of Egypt
    • 363 – Julian the Apostate, Roman emperor (b. 332)
    • 405 – Vigilius, bishop of Trent (b. 353)
    • 822 – Saichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 767)
    • 969 – George El Mozahem, Egyptian martyr (b. 940)
    • 985 – Ramiro III, king of León
    • 1090 – Jaromír, bishop of Prague
    • 1095 – Robert, bishop of Hereford
    • 1265 – Anne of Bohemia, duchess of Silesia (b. 1203 or 1204)
    • 1274 – Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian scientist and writer (b. 1201)
    • 1487 – John Argyropoulos, Byzantine philosopher and scholar (b. 1415)
    • 1541 – Francisco Pizarro, Spanish explorer and politician, Governor of New Castile (b. c. 1471)
    • 1574 – Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, captain of the Scottish Guard of Henry II of France (b. 1530)
    • 1688 – Ralph Cudworth, English philosopher and academic (b. 1617)
    • 1752 – Giulio Alberoni, Spanish cardinal (b. 1664)
    • 1757 – Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian field marshal (b. 1705)
    • 1784 – Caesar Rodney, American lawyer and politician, 4th Governor of Delaware (b. 1728)
    • 1793 – James Dickey, Irish revolutionary (b. 1776)
    • 1793 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist and ecologist (b. 1720)
    • 1795 – Johannes Jährig, German linguist and translator (b. 1747)
    • 1808 – Ludwik Tyszkiewicz, Polish poet and politician (b. 1748)
    • 1810 – Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, French inventor, co-invented the hot air balloon (b. 1740)
    • 1830 – George IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1762)
    • 1836 – Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, French soldier and composer (b. 1760)
    • 1856 – Max Stirner, German philosopher and author (b. 1806)
    • 1870 – Armand Barbès, French lawyer and politician (b. 1809)
    • 1878 – Mercedes of Orléans (b. 1860)
    • 1879 – Richard H. Anderson, American general (b. 1821)
    • 1883 – Edward Sabine, Irish-English astronomer, geophysicist, and ornithologist (b. 1788)
    • 1918 – Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet and author (b. 1843)
    • 1922 – Albert I, Prince of Monaco (b. 1848)
    • 1927 – Armand Guillaumin, French painter (b. 1841)
    • 1932 – Adelaide Ames, American astronomer and academic (b. 1900)
    • 1932 – William Murray McPherson, Australian politician, 31st Premier of Victoria (b. 1865)
    • 1938 – James Weldon Johnson, American poet, lawyer and politician (b. 1871)
    • 1938 – Daria Pratt, American golfer (b. 1859)
    • 1939 – Ford Madox Ford, English novelist, poet, and critic (b. 1873)
    • 1943 – Karl Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
    • 1945 – Emil Hácha, Czech lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1872)
    • 1946 – Max Kögel, German SS officer (b. 1895)
    • 1946 – Yōsuke Matsuoka, Japanese politician, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1880)
    • 1947 – R. B. Bennett, Canadian lawyer and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1870)
    • 1949 – Kim Koo, South Korean educator and politician, 13th President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (b. 1876)
    • 1955 – Engelbert Zaschka, German engineer (b. 1895)
    • 1956 – Clifford Brown, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1930)
    • 1956 – Richie Powell, American pianist (b. 1931)
    • 1957 – Alfred Döblin, Polish-German physician and author (b. 1878)
    • 1957 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist and poet (b. 1909)
    • 1958 – George Orton, Canadian runner and hurdler (b. 1873)
    • 1958 – Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician and scholar (b. 1888)
    • 1964 – Léo Dandurand, American-Canadian businessman (b. 1889)
    • 1967 – Françoise Dorléac, French actress and singer (b. 1942)
    • 1975 – Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish priest and saint (b. 1902)
    • 1979 – Akwasi Afrifa, Ghanaian soldier and politician, 3rd Head of State of Ghana (b. 1936)
    • 1989 – Howard Charles Green, Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th Canadian Minister of Public Works (b. 1895)
    • 1990 – Anni Blomqvist, Finnish author (b. 1909)
    • 1992 – Buddy Rogers, American wrestler (b. 1921)
    • 1993 – Roy Campanella, American baseball player and coach (b. 1921)
    • 1993 – William H. Riker, American political scientist and academic (b. 1920)
    • 1994 – Jahanara Imam, Bangladeshi author and activist (b. 1929)
    • 1996 – Veronica Guerin, Irish journalist (b. 1958)
    • 1996 – Necmettin Hacıeminoğlu, Turkish linguist and academic (b. 1932)
    • 1997 – Don Hutson, American football player and coach (b. 1913)
    • 1998 – Hacı Sabancı, Turkish businessman and philanthropist (b. 1935)
    • 2002 – Jay Berwanger, American football player (b. 1914)
    • 2002 – Arnold Brown, English-Canadian 11th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1913)
    • 2003 – Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroon footballer (b. 1975)
    • 2003 – Denis Thatcher, English soldier and businessman (b. 1915)
    • 2003 – Strom Thurmond, American general, lawyer, and politician, 103rd Governor of South Carolina (b. 1902)
    • 2004 – Ott Arder, Estonian poet and translator (b. 1950)
    • 2004 – Yash Johar, Indian film producer, founded Dharma Productions (b. 1929)
    • 2004 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (b. 1930)
    • 2005 – Tõnno Lepmets, Estonian basketball player (b. 1938)
    • 2005 – Richard Whiteley, English journalist and game show host (b. 1943)
    • 2006 – Tommy Wonder, Dutch magician (b. 1953)
    • 2007 – Liz Claiborne, Belgian-American fashion designer, founded Liz Claiborne (b. 1929)
    • 2007 – Joey Sadler, New Zealand rugby player (b. 1914)
    • 2010 – Algirdas Brazauskas, Lithuanian engineer and politician, 2nd President of Lithuania (b. 1932)
    • 2010 – Harald Keres, Estonian physicist and academic (b. 1912)
    • 2011 – Edith Fellows, American actress (b. 1923)
    • 2011 – Jan van Beveren, Dutch footballer and coach (b. 1948)
    • 2012 – Sverker Åström, Swedish diplomat, Swedish Permanent Representative to the United Nations (b. 1915)
    • 2012 – Pat Cummings, American basketball player (b. 1956)
    • 2012 – Nora Ephron, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1941)
    • 2012 – Mario O’Hara, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1944)
    • 2012 – Doris Singleton, American actress (b. 1919)
    • 2012 – Risley C. Triche, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
    • 2013 – Henrik Otto Donner, Finnish trumpet player and composer (b. 1939)
    • 2013 – Edward Huggins Johnstone, Brazilian-American sergeant and judge (b. 1922)
    • 2013 – Byron Looper, American politician (b. 1964)
    • 2013 – Justin Miller, American baseball player (b. 1977)
    • 2013 – Marc Rich, Belgian-American businessman (b. 1934)
    • 2014 – Howard Baker, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, 12th White House Chief of Staff (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Bill Frank, American-Canadian football player (b. 1938)
    • 2014 – Rollin King, American businessman, co-founded Southwest Airlines (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Bob Mischak, American football player and coach (b. 1932)
    • 2014 – Julius Rudel, Austrian-American conductor (b. 1921)
    • 2014 – Mary Rodgers, American composer and author (b. 1931)
    • 2015 – Yevgeny Primakov, Ukrainian-Russian journalist and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Russia (b. 1929)
    • 2015 – Chris Thompson, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1952)

    Holidays and observances on June 26

    • Day of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan
    • Christian feast day:
      • Anthelm of Belley
      • David the Dendrite
      • Hermogius
      • Isabel Florence Hapgood (Episcopal Church)
      • Jeremiah (Lutheran)
      • John and Paul
      • José María Robles Hurtado (one of Saints of the Cristero War)
      • Josemaría Escrivá
      • Mar Abhai (Syriac Orthodox Church)
      • Pelagius of Córdoba
      • Vigilius of Trent
      • June 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Flag Day (Romania)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Madagascar from France in 1960. (Madagascar)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of British Somaliland from the British in 1960. (Somalia)
    • International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (International)
    • International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (International)
    • Ratcatcher’s Day (Hamelin, Germany)
    • Sunthorn Phu Day (Thailand)
    • World Refrigeration Day (International)

  • June 25 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
    • 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of Italy and Pepin II of Aquitaine.
    • 1258 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Acre, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet sailing to relieve Acre.
    • 1530 – At the Diet of Augsburg the Augsburg Confession is presented to the Holy Roman Emperor by the Lutheran princes and Electors of Germany.
    • 1658 – Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Rio Nuevo during the Anglo-Spanish War.
    • 1678 – Venetian Elena Cornaro Piscopia is the first woman awarded a doctorate of philosophy when she graduates from the University of Padua.
    • 1741 – Maria Theresa is crowned Queen of Hungary.
    • 1786 – Gavriil Pribylov discovers St. George Island of the Pribilof Islands in the Bering Sea.
    • 1788 – Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
    • 1848 – A photograph of the June Days uprising becomes the first known instance of photojournalism.
    • 1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn and the death of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer.
    • 1900 – The Taoist monk Wang Yuanlu discovers the Dunhuang manuscripts, a cache of ancient texts that are of great historical and religious significance, in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China.
    • 1906 – Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania millionaire Harry Thaw shoots and kills prominent architect Stanford White.
    • 1910 – The United States Congress passes the Mann Act, which prohibits interstate transport of women or girls for “immoral purposes”; the ambiguous language would be used to selectively prosecute people for years to come.
    • 1910 – Igor Stravinsky’s ballet The Firebird is premiered in Paris, bringing him to prominence as a composer.
    • 1913 – American Civil War veterans begin arriving at the Great Reunion of 1913.
    • 1935 – Colombia–Soviet Union relations are established.
    • 1938 – Dr. Douglas Hyde is inaugurated as the first President of Ireland.
    • 1940 – World War II: The French armistice with Germany comes into effect.
    • 1943 – The Holocaust: Jews in the Częstochowa Ghetto in Poland stage an uprising against the Nazis.
    • 1943 – The left-wing German Jewish exile Arthur Goldstein is murdered in Auschwitz.
    • 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Tali-Ihantala, the largest battle ever fought in the Nordic countries, begins.
    • 1944 – World War II: United States Navy and British Royal Navy ships bombard Cherbourg to support United States Army units engaged in the Battle of Cherbourg.
    • 1944 – The final page of the comic Krazy Kat is published, exactly two months after its author George Herriman died.
    • 1947 – The Diary of a Young Girl (better known as The Diary of Anne Frank) is published.
    • 1950 – The Korean War begins with the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.
    • 1960 – Cold War: Two cryptographers working for the United States National Security Agency left for vacation to Mexico, and from there defected to the Soviet Union.
    • 1975 – Mozambique achieves independence from Portugal.
    • 1975 – Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declares a state of internal emergency in India.
    • 1976 – Missouri Governor Kit Bond issues an executive order rescinding the Extermination Order, formally apologizing on behalf of the state of Missouri for the suffering it had caused to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
    • 1978 – The rainbow flag representing gay pride is flown for the first time during the San Francisco Gay Freedom Day Parade.
    • 1981 – Microsoft is restructured to become an incorporated business in its home state of Washington.
    • 1991 – Slovenia and Croatia declare their independence by referendum from Yugoslavia.
    • 1993 – Kim Campbell is sworn in as the first female Prime Minister of Canada.
    • 1996 – The Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia kills 19 U.S. servicemen.
    • 1997 – An unmanned Progress spacecraft collides with the Russian space station Mir.
    • 1997 – The National Hockey League approved expansion franchises for Nashville (1998), Atlanta (1999), Columbus (2000), and Minneapolis-Saint Paul (2000).
    • 1998 – In Clinton v. City of New York, the United States Supreme Court decides that the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 is unconstitutional.
    • 2017 – The World Health Organization estimates that Yemen has over 200,000 cases of cholera.

    Births on June 25

    • 1242 – Beatrice of England (d. 1275)
    • 1328 – William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English commander (d. 1397)
    • 1371 – Joanna II of Naples (d. 1435)
    • 1484 – Bartholomeus V. Welser, German banker (d. 1561)
    • 1526 – Elisabeth Parr, Marchioness of Northampton (d. 1565)
    • 1560 – Wilhelm Fabry, German surgeon (d. 1634)
    • 1568 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)
    • 1612 – John Albert Vasa, Polish cardinal (d. 1634)
    • 1709 – Francesco Araja, Italian composer (d. 1762)
    • 1715 – Joseph Foullon de Doué, French soldier and politician, Controller-General of Finances (d. 1789)
    • 1755 – Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (d. 1776)
    • 1799 – David Douglas, Scottish-English botanist and explorer (d. 1834)
    • 1814 – Gabriel Auguste Daubrée, French geologist and engineer (d. 1896)
    • 1825 – James Farnell, Australian politician, 8th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1888)
    • 1852 – Antoni Gaudí, Spanish architect, designed the Park Güell (d. 1926)
    • 1858 – Georges Courteline, French author and playwright (d. 1929)
    • 1860 – Gustave Charpentier, French composer and conductor (d. 1956)
    • 1863 – Émile Francqui, Belgian soldier and diplomat (d. 1935)
    • 1864 – Walther Nernst, German chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
    • 1866 – Eloísa Díaz, Chilean doctor and Chile’s first female physician (d. 1950)
    • 1874 – Rose O’Neill, American cartoonist, illustrator, artist, and writer (d. 1944)
    • 1884 – Géza Gyóni, Hungarian soldier and poet (d. 1917)
    • 1884 – Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, German-French art collector and historian (d. 1979)
    • 1886 – Henry H. Arnold, American general (d. 1950)
    • 1887 – George Abbott, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995)
    • 1887 – Frigyes Karinthy, Hungarian author, poet, and journalist (d. 1938)
    • 1892 – Shirō Ishii, Japanese microbiologist and general (d. 1959)
    • 1894 – Hermann Oberth, Romanian-German physicist and engineer (d. 1989)
    • 1898 – Kay Sage, American painter and poet (d. 1963)
    • 1900 – Marta Abba, Italian actress (d. 1988)
    • 1900 – Zinaida Aksentyeva, Ukrainian/Soviet astronomer (d. 1969)
    • 1900 – Georgia Hale, American silent film actress and real estate investor (d. 1985)
    • 1900 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, English admiral and politician, 44th Governor-General of India (d. 1979)
    • 1901 – Harold Roe Bartle, American businessman and politician, 47th Mayor of Kansas City (d. 1974)
    • 1902 – Yasuhito, Prince Chichibu of Japan (d. 1953)
    • 1903 – George Orwell, British novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 1950)
    • 1903 – Anne Revere, American actress (d. 1990)
    • 1905 – Rupert Wildt, German-American astronomer and academic (d. 1976)
    • 1907 – J. Hans D. Jensen, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
    • 1908 – Willard Van Orman Quine, American philosopher and academic (d. 2000)
    • 1911 – William Howard Stein, American chemist and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
    • 1912 – William T. Cahill, American lawyer and politician, 46th Governor of New Jersey (d. 1996)
    • 1913 – Cyril Fletcher, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2005)
    • 1915 – Whipper Billy Watson, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (d. 1990)
    • 1917 – Nils Karlsson, Swedish skier (d. 2012)
    • 1917 – Claude Seignolle, French author (d. 2018)
    • 1918 – P. H. Newby, English soldier and author (d. 1997)
    • 1920 – Lassie Lou Ahern, American actress (d. 2018)
    • 1921 – Celia Franca, English-Canadian ballerina and choreographer, founded the National Ballet of Canada (d. 2007)
    • 1922 – Johnny Smith, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1923 – Sam Francis, American soldier and painter (d. 1994)
    • 1923 – Dorothy Gilman, American author (d. 2012)
    • 1923 – Jamshid Amouzegar, 43rd Prime Minister of Iran (d. 2016)
    • 1924 – Sidney Lumet, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011)
    • 1924 – Dimitar Isakov, Bulgarian football player
    • 1924 – Madan Mohan, Iraqi-Indian composer and director (d. 1975)
    • 1924 – William J. Castagna, American lawyer and judge
    • 1925 – Clifton Chenier, American singer-songwriter and accordion player (d. 1987)
    • 1925 – June Lockhart, American actress
    • 1925 – Clay Evans, American Baptist pastor (d. 2019)
    • 1925 – Robert Venturi, American architect and academic (d. 2018)
    • 1925 – Virginia Patton, American actress and businesswoman
    • 1926 – Margaret Anstee, English diplomat (d. 2016)
    • 1926 – Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian author and poet (d. 1973)
    • 1926 – Kep Enderby, Australian lawyer, judge, and politician, 23rd Attorney-General for Australia (d. 2015)
    • 1926 – Stig Sollander, Swedish Alpine skier (d. 2019)
    • 1927 – Antal Róka, Hungarian runner (d. 1970)
    • 1927 – Chuck Smith, American pastor, founded the Calvary Chapel (d. 2013)
    • 1927 – Arnold Wolfendale, English astronomer and academic
    • 1928 – Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov, Russian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2017)
    • 1928 – John A. Wickham Jr., United States Army general
    • 1928 – Michel Brault, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1928 – Peyo, Belgian author and illustrator, created The Smurfs (d. 1992)
    • 1928 – Bill Russo, American pianist and composer (d. 2003)
    • 1928 – Alex Toth, American animator and screenwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1929 – Eric Carle, American author and illustrator
    • 1929 – Francesco Marchisano, Italian cardinal (d. 2014)
    • 1931 – V. P. Singh, Indian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of India (d. 2008)
    • 1932 – Peter Blake, English painter and illustrator
    • 1932 – Tim Parnell, English race car driver (d. 2017)
    • 1932 – George Sluizer, French-Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
    • 1933 – Álvaro Siza Vieira, Portuguese architect, designed the Porto School of Architecture
    • 1934 – Jean Geissinger, American baseball player (d. 2014)
    • 1934 – Jack W. Hayford, American minister and author
    • 1934 – Beatriz Sheridan, Mexican actress and director (d. 2006)
    • 1935 – Ray Butt, English television producer and director (d. 2013)
    • 1935 – Salihu Ibrahim, Nigerian Army Officer (d. 2018)
    • 1935 – Taufiq Ismail, Indonesian poet and activist
    • 1935 – Larry Kramer, American author, playwright, and activist, co-founded Gay Men’s Health Crisis (d. 2020)
    • 1935 – Don Demeter, American professional baseball player
    • 1935 – Tony Lanfranchi, English race car driver (d. 2004)
    • 1935 – Judy Howe, American artistic gymnast
    • 1935 – Charles Sheffield, English-American mathematician, physicist, and author (d. 2002)
    • 1936 – B. J. Habibie, Indonesian engineer and politician, 3rd President of Indonesia (d. 2019)
    • 1936 – Bert Hölldobler, German biologist and entomologist
    • 1937 – Eddie Floyd, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter
    • 1937 – Derek Foster, Baron Foster of Bishop Auckland, English politician (d. 2019)
    • 1937 – Doreen Wells, English ballerina and actress
    • 1939 – Allen Fox, American tennis player and coach
    • 1940 – Judy Amoore, Australian runner
    • 1940 – Mary Beth Peil, American actress and singer
    • 1940 – A. J. Quinnell, English-Maltese author (d. 2005)
    • 1940 – Clint Warwick, English bass player (d. 2004)
    • 1941 – Denys Arcand, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1941 – John Albert Raven, Scottish academic and ecologist
    • 1942 – Nikiforos Diamandouros, Greek academic and politician
    • 1942 – Willis Reed, American basketball player, coach, and manager
    • 1942 – Michel Tremblay, Canadian author and playwright
    • 1944 – Robert Charlebois, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
    • 1944 – Gary David Goldberg, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2013)
    • 1945 – Carly Simon, American singer-songwriter
    • 1945 – Baba Gana Kingibe, Nigerian politician
    • 1945 – Harry Womack, American singer (d. 1974)
    • 1946 – Roméo Dallaire, Dutch-Canadian general and politician
    • 1946 – Allen Lanier, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2013)
    • 1946 – Ian McDonald, English guitarist and saxophonist
    • 1947 – John Hilton, English table tennis player
    • 1947 – John Powell, American discus thrower
    • 1947 – Jimmie Walker, American actor and comedian
    • 1949 – Richard Clarke, Irish archbishop
    • 1949 – Patrick Tambay, French race car driver
    • 1949 – Yoon Joo-sang, South Korean actor
    • 1950 – Marcello Toninelli, Italian author and screenwriter
    • 1951 – Eva Bayer-Fluckiger, Swiss mathematician and academic
    • 1952 – Péter Erdő, Hungarian cardinal
    • 1952 – Tim Finn, New Zealand singer-songwriter
    • 1952 – Martin Gerschwitz, German singer-songwriter and keyboard player
    • 1952 – Alan Green, Northern Irish sportscaster
    • 1952 – Kristina Abelli Elander, Swedish artist
    • 1953 – Olivier Ameisen, French-American cardiologist and educator (d. 2013)
    • 1953 – Ian Davis, Australian cricketer
    • 1954 – Mario Lessard, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1954 – David Paich, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer
    • 1954 – Lina Romay, Spanish actress (d. 2012)
    • 1954 – Daryush Shokof, Iranian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1954 – Sonia Sotomayor, American lawyer and judge
    • 1955 – Vic Marks, English cricketer and sportscaster
    • 1956 – Anthony Bourdain, American chef and author (d. 2018)
    • 1956 – Frank Paschek, German long jumper
    • 1956 – Boris Trajkovski, Macedonian politician, 2nd President of the Republic of Macedonia (d. 2004)
    • 1956 – Craig Young, Australian rugby player and coach
    • 1957 – Greg Millen, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
    • 1958 – George Becali, Romanian businessman, politician
    • 1959 – Lutz Dombrowski, German long jumper and educator
    • 1959 – Jari Puikkonen, Finnish ski jumper
    • 1959 – Bobbie Vaile, Australian astrophysicist and astronomer (d. 1996)
    • 1960 – Alastair Bruce of Crionaich, English-Scottish journalist and author
    • 1960 – Brian Hayward, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
    • 1960 – Craig Johnston, South African-Australian footballer and photographer
    • 1960 – Laurent Rodriguez, French rugby player
    • 1961 – Timur Bekmambetov, Kazakh director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1961 – Ricky Gervais, English comedian, actor, director, producer and singer
    • 1963 – John Benjamin Hickey, American actor
    • 1963 – Yann Martel, Spanish-Canadian author
    • 1963 – Doug Gilmour, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
    • 1963 – George Michael, English singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2016)
    • 1963 – Mike Stanley, American baseball player
    • 1964 – Dell Curry, American basketball player and coach
    • 1964 – Phil Emery, Australian cricketer
    • 1964 – Johnny Herbert, English race car driver and sportscaster
    • 1964 – John McCrea, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1964 – Greg Raymer, American poker player and lawyer
    • 1965 – Napole Polutele, French politician
    • 1965 – Kerri Pottharst, Australian beach volleyball player
    • 1965 – Joseph Hii Teck Kwong, Malaysian bishop
    • 1966 – Dikembe Mutombo, Congolese-American basketball player
    • 1967 – Tracey Spicer, Australian journalist
    • 1968 – Adrian Garvey, Zimbabwean-South African rugby player
    • 1968 – Vaios Karagiannis, Greek footballer and manager
    • 1969 – Hunter Foster, American actor and singer
    • 1969 – Zim Zum, American guitarist and songwriter
    • 1970 – Ariel Gore, American journalist and author
    • 1970 – Roope Latvala, Finnish guitarist
    • 1970 – Erki Nool, Estonian decathlete and politician
    • 1970 – Aaron Sele, American baseball player and scout
    • 1971 – Karen Darke, English cyclist and author
    • 1971 – Jason Gallian, Australian-English cricketer and educator
    • 1971 – Rod Kafer, Australian rugby player and sportscaster
    • 1971 – Neil Lennon, Northern Irish-Scottish footballer and manager
    • 1971 – Michael Tucker, American baseball player
    • 1972 – Carlos Delgado, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach
    • 1972 – Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, Libyan engineer and politician
    • 1973 – René Corbet, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1973 – Milan Hnilička, Czech ice hockey player
    • 1973 – Jamie Redknapp, English footballer and coach
    • 1974 – Nisha Ganatra, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1974 – Glen Metropolit, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1975 – Kiur Aarma, Estonian journalist and producer
    • 1975 – Linda Cardellini, American actress
    • 1975 – Albert Costa, Spanish tennis player and coach
    • 1975 – Vladimir Kramnik, Russian chess player
    • 1975 – Michele Merkin, American model and television host
    • 1976 – José Cancela, Uruguayan footballer
    • 1976 – Iestyn Harris, Welsh rugby player and coach
    • 1976 – Carlos Nieto, Argentinian-Italian rugby player
    • 1976 – Neil Walker, American swimmer
    • 1978 – Aramis Ramírez, Dominican-American baseball player
    • 1978 – Luke Scott, American baseball player
    • 1978 – Marcus Stroud, American football player
    • 1979 – Marko Albert, Estonian swimmer and triathlete
    • 1979 – Richard Hughes, Scottish footballer
    • 1979 – Busy Philipps, American actress
    • 1981 – Simon Ammann, Swiss ski jumper
    • 1982 – Rain, South Korean singer and actor
    • 1982 – Mikhail Youzhny, Russian tennis player
    • 1983 – Todd Cooper, English swimmer
    • 1983 – Marc Janko, Austrian footballer
    • 1984 – Lauren Bush, American model and fashion designer
    • 1985 – Karim Matmour, Algerian footballer
    • 1986 – Aya Matsuura, Japanese singer and actress
    • 1986 – Seda Tokatlıoğlu, Turkish volleyball player
    • 1988 – Jhonas Enroth, Swedish ice hockey player
    • 1988 – Miguel Layún, Mexican footballer
    • 1988 – Therese Johaug, Norwegian cross-country skier
    • 1989 – Jack Cork, English footballer
    • 1989 – Edgar Morais, Portuguese actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1989 – Rafael Morais, Portuguese actor, director, and screenwriter
    • 1990 – Andi Eigenmann, Filipino actress
    • 1991 – Liisi Rist, Estonian cyclist
    • 1991 – Anna Zaja, German tennis player
    • 1996 – Pietro Fittipaldi, Brazilian-American race car driver
    • 1996 – Sione Mata’utia, Australian rugby league player
    • 1996 – Lele Pons, Latina-American Internet personality
    • 1998 – Kyle Chalmers, Australian swimmer
    • 2006 – Mckenna Grace, American actress

    Deaths on June 25

    • 635 – Gao Zu, Chinese emperor (b. 566)
    • 841 – Gerard of Auvergne, Frankish nobleman
    • 841 – Ricwin of Nantes, Frankish nobleman
    • 891 – Sunderolt, German archbishop
    • 931 – An Chonghui, Chinese general
    • 1014 – Æthelstan Ætheling, son of Æthelred the Unready
    • 1031 – Sheng Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 972)
    • 1134 – Niels, king of Denmark (b. 1065)
    • 1218 – Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester, French politician, Lord High Steward (b. 1160)
    • 1291 – Eleanor of Provence, queen of England (b. 1223)
    • 1337 – Frederick III, king of Sicily (b. 1272)
    • 1394 – Dorothea of Montau, German hermitess (b. 1347)
    • 1483 – Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, English courtier and translator (b. 1440)
    • 1483 – Richard Grey, half brother of Edward V of England (b. 1458)
    • 1522 – Franchinus Gaffurius, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1451)
    • 1533 – Mary Tudor, queen of France (b. 1496)
    • 1579 – Hatano Hideharu, Japanese warlord (b. 1541)
    • 1593 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and archaeologist (b. 1541)
    • 1634 – John Marston, English poet and playwright (b. 1576)
    • 1638 – Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1602)
    • 1665 – Sigismund Francis, archduke of Austria (b. 1630)
    • 1669 – François de Vendôme, duke of Beaufort (b. 1616)
    • 1671 – Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian priest and astronomer (b. 1598)
    • 1673 – Charles de Batz-Castelmore d’Artagnan, French captain (b. 1611)
    • 1686 – Simon Ushakov, Russian painter and educator (b. 1626)
    • 1715 – Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and politician (b. 1646)
    • 1767 – Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer and theorist (b. 1681)
    • 1798 – Thomas Sandby, English cartographer, painter, and architect (b. 1721)
    • 1822 – E. T. A. Hoffmann, German composer, critic, and jurist (b. 1776)
    • 1835 – Ebenezer Pemberton, American educator (b. 1746)
    • 1838 – François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general and engineer (b. 1774)
    • 1861 – Abdülmecid I, Ottoman sultan (b. 1823)
    • 1866 – Alexander von Nordmann, Finnish biologist and paleontologist (b. 1803)
    • 1868 – Carlo Matteucci, Italian physicist and neurophysiologist (b. 1811)
    • 1870 – David Heaton, American lawyer and politician (b. 1823)
    • 1875 – Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (b. 1796)
    • 1876 – James Calhoun, American lieutenant (b. 1845)
    • 1876 – Boston Custer, American civilian army contractor (b. 1848)
    • 1876 – George Armstrong Custer, American general (b. 1839)
    • 1876 – Thomas Custer, American officer, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1845)
    • 1876 – Myles Keogh, Irish-American officer (b. 1840)
    • 1882 – François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806)
    • 1884 – Hans Rott, Austrian organist and composer (b. 1858)
    • 1886 – Jean-Louis Beaudry, Canadian businessman and politician, 11th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1809)
    • 1894 – Marie François Sadi Carnot, French engineer and politician, 5th President of France (b. 1837)
    • 1906 – Stanford White, American architect, designed the Washington Square Arch (b. 1853)
    • 1912 – Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Dutch-British painter (b. 1836)
    • 1916 – Thomas Eakins, American painter, photographer, and sculptor (b. 1844)
    • 1917 – Géza Gyóni, Hungarian soldier and poet (b. 1884)
    • 1918 – Jake Beckley, American baseball player and coach (b. 1867)
    • 1922 – Satyendranath Dutta, Indian poet and author (b. 1882)
    • 1937 – Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900)
    • 1939 – Richard Seaman, English race car driver (b. 1913)
    • 1943 – Arthur Goldstein, German Jewish left-wing activist (c. 1887)
    • 1944 – Dénes Berinkey, Hungarian jurist and politician, 18th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1871)
    • 1944 – Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer and actress (b. 1906)
    • 1947 – Jimmy Doyle, American boxer (b. 1924)
    • 1948 – William C. Lee, American general (b. 1895)
    • 1949 – Buck Freeman, American baseball player (b. 1871)
    • 1949 – James Steen, American water polo player (b. 1876)
    • 1950 – Maurice O’Sullivan, Irish police officer and author (b. 1904)
    • 1958 – Alfred Noyes, English author, poet, and playwright (b. 1880)
    • 1959 – Charles Starkweather, American spree killer (b. 1938)
    • 1960 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player and manager (b. 1869)
    • 1968 – Tony Hancock, English comedian and actor (b. 1924)
    • 1971 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician, biologist, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1880)
    • 1972 – Jan Matulka, Czech-American painter and illustrator (b. 1890)
    • 1974 – Cornelius Lanczos, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (b. 1893)
    • 1976 – Johnny Mercer, American singer-songwriter, co-founded Capitol Records (b. 1909)
    • 1977 – Olave Baden-Powell, British Girl Guiding and Girl Scouting leader (b. 1889)
    • 1977 – Endre Szervánszky, Hungarian pianist and composer (b. 1911)
    • 1979 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, director, and producer (b. 1894)
    • 1979 – Philippe Halsman, Latvian-American photographer (b. 1906)
    • 1981 – Felipe Cossío del Pomar, Peruvian painter and political activist (b. 1888)
    • 1983 – Alberto Ginastera, Argentinian pianist and composer (b. 1916)
    • 1984 – Michel Foucault, French historian and philosopher (b. 1926)
    • 1988 – Hillel Slovak, Israeli-American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1962)
    • 1990 – Ronald Gene Simmons, American sergeant and murderer (b. 1940)
    • 1992 – Jerome Brown, American football player (b. 1965)
    • 1995 – Warren E. Burger, Fifteenth Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1907)
    • 1995 – Ernest Walton, Irish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
    • 1996 – Arthur Snelling, English civil servant and diplomat, British Ambassador to South Africa (b. 1914)
    • 1997 – Jacques Cousteau, French oceanographer and explorer (b. 1910)
    • 2002 – Jean Corbeil, Canadian politician, 29th Canadian Minister of Labour (b. 1934)
    • 2003 – Lester Maddox, American businessman and politician, 75th Governor of Georgia (b. 1915)
    • 2004 – Morton Coutts, New Zealand inventor (b. 1904)
    • 2005 – John Fiedler, American actor and voice artist (b. 1925)
    • 2005 – Kâzım Koyuncu, Turkish singer-songwriter and activist (b. 1971)
    • 2006 – Jaap Penraat, Dutch-American humanitarian (b. 1918)
    • 2007 – J. Fred Duckett, American journalist and educator (b. 1933)
    • 2007 – Jeeva, Indian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (b. 1963)
    • 2008 – Lyall Watson, South African anthropologist and ethologist (b. 1939)
    • 2009 – Farrah Fawcett, American actress and producer (b. 1947)
    • 2009 – Michael Jackson, American singer-songwriter, producer, dancer, and actor (b. 1958)
    • 2009 – Sky Saxon, American singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
    • 2010 – Alan Plater, English playwright and screenwriter (b. 1935)
    • 2010 – Richard B. Sellars, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1915)
    • 2011 – Annie Easley, American computer scientist and mathematician (b. 1933)
    • 2011 – Goff Richards, English composer and conductor (b. 1944)
    • 2011 – Margaret Tyzack, English actress (b. 1931)
    • 2012 – Shigemitsu Dandō, Japanese academic and jurist (b. 1913)
    • 2012 – Campbell Gillies, Scottish jockey (b. 1990)
    • 2012 – George Randolph Hearst, Jr., American businessman (b. 1927)
    • 2012 – Lucella MacLean, American baseball player (b. 1921)
    • 2012 – Edgar Ross, American boxer (b. 1949)
    • 2013 – George Burditt, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1923)
    • 2013 – Catherine Gibson, Scottish swimmer (b. 1931)
    • 2013 – Robert E. Gilka, American photographer and journalist (b. 1916)
    • 2013 – Harry Parker, American rower and coach (b. 1935)
    • 2013 – Mildred Ladner Thompson, American journalist (b. 1918)
    • 2013 – Green Wix Unthank, American soldier and judge (b. 1923)
    • 2014 – Nigel Calder, English journalist, author, and screenwriter (b. 1931)
    • 2014 – Ana María Matute, Spanish author and academic (b. 1925)
    • 2014 – Ivan Plyushch, Ukrainian agronomist and politician (b. 1941)
    • 2015 – Patrick Macnee, English actor (b. 1922)
    • 2015 – Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni, Egyptian-Armenian patriarch (b. 1940)
    • 2016 – Adam Small, South African writer of apartheid-period (b. 1936)
    • 2018 – Richard Benjamin Harrison, American businessman and reality television personality (b. 1941)
    • 2018 – David Goldblatt, South African photographer of apartheid-period (b. 1930)

    Holidays and observances on June 25

    • Arbor Day (Philippines)
    • Christian feast day:
      • David of Munktorp
      • Eurosia
      • Maximus (Massimo) of Turin
      • Philipp Melanchthon (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America)
      • Presentation of the Augsburg Confession (Lutheran)
      • Prosper of Aquitaine
      • Prosper of Reggio
      • William of Montevergine
      • June 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Mozambique from Portugal in 1975.
    • National Catfish Day (United States)
    • Statehood Day (Slovenia)
    • Statehood Day (Virginia)
    • Teacher’s Day (Guatemala)
    • World Vitiligo Day

  • June 24 – History, Events, Births, Deaths, Holidays and Observances On This Day

    • 1312 BC – Mursili II launches a campaign against the Kingdom of Azzi-Hayasa.
    • 217 BC – The Romans, led by Gaius Flaminius, are ambushed and defeated by Hannibal at the Battle of Lake Trasimene.
    • 109 – Roman emperor Trajan inaugurates the Aqua Traiana, an aqueduct that channels water from Lake Bracciano, 40 kilometres (25 miles) northwest of Rome.
    • 474 – Julius Nepos forces Roman usurper Glycerius to abdicate the throne and proclaims himself Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
    • 637 – The Battle of Moira is fought between the High King of Ireland and the Kings of Ulster and Dál Riata. It is claimed to be the largest battle in the history of Ireland.
    • 972 – Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces, takes place.
    • 1128 – Battle of São Mamede, near Guimarães: Forces led by Afonso I defeat forces led by his mother Teresa of León and her lover Fernando Pérez de Traba.
    • 1230 – The Siege of Jaén begins, in the context of the Spanish Reconquista.
    • 1314 – First War of Scottish Independence: The Battle of Bannockburn concludes with a decisive victory by Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce.
    • 1340 – Hundred Years’ War: Battle of Sluys: The French fleet is almost completely destroyed by the English fleet commanded in person by King Edward III.
    • 1374 – A sudden outbreak of St. John’s Dance causes people in the streets of Aachen, Germany, to experience hallucinations and begin to jump and twitch uncontrollably until they collapse from exhaustion.
    • 1497 – John Cabot lands in North America at Newfoundland leading the first European exploration of the region since the Vikings.
    • 1509 – Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon are crowned King and Queen of England.
    • 1535 – The Dominion of Münster, a radical communal Anabaptist state in the independent German city of Münster, is conquered by Franz von Waldeck, the Catholic Prince-Bishopric of Münster in a night attack.
    • 1571 – Miguel López de Legazpi founds Manila, the capital of the Philippines.
    • 1604 – Samuel de Champlain discovers the mouth of the Saint John River, site of Reversing Falls and the present-day city of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
    • 1622 – Battle of Macau: The Dutch make a failed attempt to capture Macau.
    • 1663 – The Spanish garrison of Évora capitulates, following the Portuguese victory at the Battle of Ameixial.
    • 1717 – The Premier Grand Lodge of England is founded in London, the first Masonic Grand Lodge in the world (now the United Grand Lodge of England).
    • 1762 – Battle of Wilhelmsthal: The British-Hanoverian army of Ferdinand of Brunswick defeats French forces in Westphalia.
    • 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Great Siege of Gibraltar begins.
    • 1793 – The French Constitution of 1793 is formally adopted, although it is effectively suspended by the Committee of Public Safety.
    • 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon’s Grande Armée crosses the Neman river beginning the invasion of Russia.
    • 1813 – Battle of Beaver Dams: A British and Indian combined force defeats the United States Army.
    • 1821 – The Battle of Carabobo takes place. It is the decisive battle in the war of independence of Venezuela from Spain.
    • 1859 – Battle of Solferino (Battle of the Three Sovereigns): Sardinia and France defeat Austria in Solferino, northern Italy.
    • 1866 – Battle of Custoza: An Austrian army defeats the Italian army during the Austro-Prussian War.
    • 1880 – First performance of O Canada at the Congrès national des Canadiens-Français. The song would later become the national anthem of Canada.
    • 1894 – Marie François Sadi Carnot is assassinated by Sante Geronimo Caserio.
    • 1902 – King Edward VII of the United Kingdom develops appendicitis, delaying his coronation.
    • 1913 – Greece and Serbia annul their alliance with Bulgaria.
    • 1916 – Mary Pickford becomes the first female film star to sign a million-dollar contract.
    • 1918 – First airmail service in Canada from Montreal to Toronto.
    • 1922 – The American Professional Football Association is renamed the National Football League.
    • 1932 – A bloodless revolution instigated by the People’s Party ends the absolute power of King Prajadhipok of Siam (now Thailand).
    • 1938 – Pieces of a meteorite land near Chicora, Pennsylvania. The meteorite is estimated to have weighed 450 metric tons when it hit the Earth’s atmosphere and exploded.
    • 1939 – Siam is renamed Thailand by Plaek Phibunsongkhram, the country’s third prime minister.
    • 1940 – World War II: Operation Collar, the first British Commando raid on occupied France, by No 11 Independent Company.
    • 1943 – US military police attempt to arrest a black soldier in Bamber Bridge, England, sparking the Battle of Bamber Bridge mutiny that leaves one dead and seven wounded.
    • 1947 – Kenneth Arnold makes the first widely reported UFO sighting near Mount Rainier, Washington, leading to the coining of the phrase “flying saucer”.
    • 1948 – Cold War: Start of the Berlin Blockade: The Soviet Union makes overland travel between West Germany and West Berlin impossible.
    • 1949 – The first television western, Hopalong Cassidy, starring William Boyd, is aired on NBC.
    • 1950 – Apartheid: In South Africa, the Group Areas Act is passed, formally segregating races.
    • 1954 – First Indochina War: Battle of Mang Yang Pass: Viet Minh troops belonging to the 803rd Regiment ambush G.M. 100 of France in An Khê.
    • 1957 – In Roth v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court rules that obscenity is not protected by the First Amendment.
    • 1963 – The United Kingdom grants Zanzibar internal self-government.
    • 1973 – The UpStairs Lounge, a gay bar in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana, is attacked by an arsonist during a church service, and 32 people die from smoke inhalation or fire.
    • 1975 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 66 encounters severe wind shear and crashes on final approach to New York’s JFK Airport killing 113 of the 124 passengers on board, making it the deadliest U.S. plane crash at the time. This accident led to decades of research into downburst and microburst phenomena and their effects on aircraft.
    • 1981 – The Humber Bridge opens to traffic, connecting Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. It remained the world’s longest bridge span for 17 years.
    • 1982 – British Airways Flight 9 flies into a cloud of volcanic ash thrown up by the eruption of Mount Galunggung, resulting in the failure of all four engines.
    • 1989 – Jiang Zemin succeeds Zhao Ziyang to become the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China after the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989.
    • 1995 – Rugby World Cup: South Africa defeats New Zealand and Nelson Mandela presents Francois Pienaar with the Webb Ellis Cup in an iconic post-apartheid moment.
    • 2002 – The Igandu train disaster in Tanzania kills 281, the worst train accident in African history.
    • 2004 – In New York, capital punishment is declared unconstitutional.
    • 2010 – At Wimbledon, John Isner of the United States defeats Nicolas Mahut of France, in the longest match in professional tennis history.
    • 2010 – Julia Gillard assumes office as the first female Prime Minister of Australia.
    • 2012 – Death of Lonesome George, the last known individual of Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii, a subspecies of the Galápagos tortoise.
    • 2013 – Former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi is found guilty of abusing his power and engaging in sex with an underage prostitute, and is sentenced to seven years in prison.

    Births on June 24

    • 1210 – Count Floris IV of Holland (d. 1234)
    • 1244 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1308)
    • 1254 – Floris V, Count of Holland (d. 1296)
    • 1257 – Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford, English nobleman (probable; d. 1331)
    • 1314 – Philippa of Hainault Queen of England (d. 1369)
    • 1322 – Joanna, Duchess of Brabant (d. 1406)
    • 1343 – Joan of Valois, Queen of Navarre (d. 1373)
    • 1360 – Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portuguese general
    • 1386 – John of Capistrano, Italian priest and saint (d. 1456)
    • 1465 – Isabella del Balzo, Queen Consort of Naples (d. 1533)
    • 1485 – Johannes Bugenhagen, Polish-German priest and reformer (d. 1558)
    • 1485 – Elizabeth of Denmark, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1555)
    • 1499 – Johannes Brenz, German theologian and the Protestant Reformer (d. 1570)
    • 1519 – Theodore Beza, French theologian and scholar (d. 1605)
    • 1532 – Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, English politician (d. 1588)
    • 1532 – William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1573)
    • 1535 – Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal (d. 1573)
    • 1546 – Robert Persons, English Jesuit priest, insurrectionist, and author (d. 1610)
    • 1587 – William Arnold, English-American settler (d. 1675)
    • 1591 – Mustafa I, Ottoman sultan (d. 1639)
    • 1614 – John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse
    • 1616 – Ferdinand Bol, Dutch painter, etcher and draftsman, student of Rembrandt (d. 1680)
    • 1661 – Hachisuka Tsunanori, Japanese daimyō (d. 1730)
    • 1663 – Jean Baptiste Massillon, French bishop (d. 1742)
    • 1687 – Johann Albrecht Bengel, German-Lutheran clergyman and scholar (d. 1757)
    • 1694 – Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Swiss author and theorist (d. 1748)
    • 1704 – Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d’Argens, French philosopher and author (d. 1771)
    • 1753 – William Hull, American general and politician, 1st Governor of Michigan Territory (d. 1825)
    • 1755 – Anacharsis Cloots, Prussian-French activist (d. 1794)
    • 1767 – Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès, French geographer and author (d. 1846)
    • 1771 – Éleuthère Irénée du Pont, French chemist and businessman, founded DuPont (d. 1834)
    • 1774 – Antonio González de Balcarce, Argentinian commander and politician, 5th Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (d. 1819)
    • 1774 – François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French general and engineer (d. 1838)
    • 1777 – John Ross, Scottish commander and explorer (d. 1856)
    • 1782 – Juan Larrea, Argentinian captain and politician (d. 1847)
    • 1783 – Johann Heinrich von Thünen, German economist and geographer (d. 1850)
    • 1784 – Juan Antonio Lavalleja, Uruguayan general and politician, President of Uruguay (d. 1853)
    • 1788 – Thomas Blanchard, American inventor (d. 1864)
    • 1795 – Ernst Heinrich Weber, German physician and psychologist (d. 1878)
    • 1797 – John Hughes, Irish-American archbishop (d. 1864)
    • 1797 – Paweł Edmund Strzelecki, Polish geologist and explorer (d. 1873)
    • 1804 – Stephan Endlicher, Austrian botanist, numismatist, and sinologist (d. 1849)
    • 1804 – Willard Richards, American religious leader (d. 1854)
    • 1811 – John Archibald Campbell, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1889)
    • 1813 – Henry Ward Beecher, American minister and reformer (d. 1887)
    • 1813 – Francis Boott, American composer (d. 1904)
    • 1821 – Guillermo Rawson, Argentinian physician and politician (d. 1890)
    • 1826 – George Goyder, English-Australian surveyor (d. 1898)
    • 1835 – Johannes Wislicenus, German chemist and academic (d. 1902)
    • 1838 – Jan Matejko, Polish painter (d. 1893)
    • 1839 – Gustavus Franklin Swift, American businessman (d. 1903)
    • 1842 – Ambrose Bierce, American short story writer, essayist, and journalist (d. 1914)
    • 1846 – Samuel Johnson, Nigerian priest and historian (d. 1901)
    • 1850 – Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, Irish field marshal and politician, Governor-General of Sudan (d. 1916)
    • 1852 – Friedrich Loeffler, German bacteriologist and academic (d. 1915)
    • 1854 – Eleanor Norcross, American painter (d. 1923)
    • 1856 – Henry Chapman Mercer, American archaeologist and author (d. 1930)
    • 1858 – Hastings Rashdall, English historian, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1924)
    • 1865 – Robert Henri, American painter and educator (d. 1929)
    • 1867 – Ruth Randall Edström, American educator and activist (d. 1944)
    • 1869 – Prince George of Greece and Denmark (d. 1957)
    • 1872 – Frank Crowninshield, American journalist and art and theatre critic (d. 1947)
    • 1875 – Forrest Reid, Irish novelist, literary critic and translator (d. 1947)
    • 1880 – Oswald Veblen, American mathematician and academic (g. 1960)
    • 1880 – João Cândido Felisberto, Brazilian revolutionary and sailor (d. 1969)
    • 1881 – George Shiels, Irish-Canadian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1949)
    • 1882 – Athanase David, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1953)
    • 1882 – Carl Diem, German businessman (d. 1962)
    • 1883 – Victor Francis Hess, Austrian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
    • 1883 – Fritz Löhner-Beda, Jewish Austrian librettist, lyricist and writer (d.1942)
    • 1883 – Jean Metzinger, French artist (d. 1956)
    • 1883 – Arthur L. Newton, American runner (d. 1956)
    • 1883 – Frank Verner, American runner (d. 1966)
    • 1884 – Frank Waller, American runner (d. 1941)
    • 1885 – Olaf Holtedahl, Norwegian geologist (d. 1975)
    • 1888 – Gerrit Rietveld, Dutch architect, designed the Rietveld Schröder House (d. 1964)
    • 1893 – Roy O. Disney, American businessman, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (d. 1971)
    • 1895 – Jack Dempsey, American boxer and soldier (d. 1983)
    • 1898 – Armin Öpik, Estonian-Australian paleontologist and geologist (d. 1983)
    • 1898 – Karl Selter, Estonian politician, 14th Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (d. 1958)
    • 1900 – Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician and engineer (d. 1945)
    • 1901 – Marcel Mule, French saxophonist (d. 2001)
    • 1901 – Harry Partch, American composer and theorist (d. 1974)
    • 1901 – Chuck Taylor, American basketball player and salesman (d. 1969)
    • 1904 – Phil Harris, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1995)
    • 1905 – Fred Alderman, American sprinter (d. 1998)
    • 1906 – Pierre Fournier, French cellist and educator (d. 1986)
    • 1906 – Willard Maas, American poet and educator (d. 1971)
    • 1907 – Arseny Tarkovsky, Russian poet and translator (d. 1989)
    • 1908 – Hugo Distler, German organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1942)
    • 1908 – Alfons Rebane, Estonian colonel (d. 1976)
    • 1909 – Jean Deslauriers, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1978)
    • 1909 – William Penney, Baron Penney, English mathematician and physicist (d. 1991)
    • 1909 – Betty Cavanna, American author (d. 2001)
    • 1911 – Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentinian race car driver (d. 1995)
    • 1911 – Ernesto Sabato, Argentinian physicist and academic (d. 2011)
    • 1911 – Portia White, Canadian opera singer (d. 1968)
    • 1912 – Brian Johnston, English sportscaster and author (d. 1994)
    • 1912 – Mary Wesley, English author (d. 2002)
    • 1913 – Gustaaf Deloor, Belgian cyclist and soldier (d. 2002)
    • 1914 – Jan Karski, Polish-American activist and academic (d. 2000)
    • 1914 – Pearl Witherington, French secret agent (d. 2008)
    • 1915 – Fred Hoyle, English astronomer and author (d. 2001)
    • 1916 – William B. Saxbe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 70th United States Attorney General (d. 2010)
    • 1916 – Saloua Raouda Choucair, Lebanese painter and sculptor (d. 2017)
    • 1917 – David Easton, Canadian-American political scientist and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1917 – Lucy Jarvis, American television producer (d. 2020)
    • 1917 – Ramblin’ Tommy Scott, American singer and guitarist (d. 2013)
    • 1917 – Joan Clarke, English cryptanalyst and numismatist (d. 1996)
    • 1918 – Mildred Ladner Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2013)
    • 1918 – Yong Nyuk Lin, Singaporean businessman and politician, Singaporean Minister for Education (d. 2012)
    • 1919 – Al Molinaro, American actor (d. 2015)
    • 1921 – Gerhard Sommer, German soldier
    • 1922 – Jack Carter, American actor and comedian (d. 2015)
    • 1922 – John Postgate, English microbiologist, author, and academic (d. 2014)
    • 1922 – Richard Timberlake, American economist
    • 1923 – Margaret Olley, Australian painter and philanthropist (d. 2011)
    • 1924 – Kurt Furgler, Swiss politician, 70th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 2008)
    • 1924 – Archie Roy, Scottish astronomer and academic (d. 2012)
    • 1924 – Yoshito Takamine, American politician (d. 2015)
    • 1925 – Ogden Reid, American politician (d. 2019)
    • 1927 – Fernand Dumont, Canadian sociologist, philosopher, and poet (d. 1997)
    • 1927 – James B. Edwards, American dentist, soldier, and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Energy (d. 2014)
    • 1927 – Martin Lewis Perl, American physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2014)
    • 1929 – Carolyn S. Shoemaker, American astronomer
    • 1930 – Claude Chabrol, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
    • 1930 – Donald Gordon, South African businessman and philanthropist (d. 2019)
    • 1930 – William Bernard Ziff, Jr., American publisher (d. 2006)
    • 1931 – Billy Casper, American golfer and architect (d. 2015)
    • 1932 – David McTaggart, Canadian-Italian environmentalist (d. 2001)
    • 1933 – Sam Jones, American basketball player and coach
    • 1933 – Ngina Kenyatta, 1st First Lady of Kenya
    • 1934 – Ferdinand Biwersi, German footballer and referee (d. 2013)
    • 1934 – Jean-Pierre Ferland, Canadian singer-songwriter
    • 1934 – Gloria Christian, Italian singer
    • 1935 – Terry Riley, American composer and educator
    • 1935 – Jean Milesi, French racing cyclist
    • 1935 – Charlie Dees, American baseball player
    • 1937 – Anita Desai, Indian-American author and academic
    • 1938 – Lawrence Block, American author
    • 1938 – Abulfaz Elchibey, 1st democratically elected Azerbaijani president (d. 2000)
    • 1938 – Ken Gray, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1992)
    • 1939 – Brigitte Fontaine, French singer
    • 1940 – Ian Ross, Australian newsreader (d. 2014)
    • 1940 – Vittorio Storaro, Italian cinematographer
    • 1941 – Erkin Koray, Turkish singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1941 – Julia Kristeva, Bulgarian-French psychoanalyst and author
    • 1941 – Graham McKenzie, Australian cricketer
    • 1942 – Arthur Brown, English rock singer-songwriter
    • 1942 – Michele Lee, American actress and singer
    • 1942 – Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Chilean engineer and politician, 32nd President of Chile
    • 1942 – Colin Groves, Australian academician and educator
    • 1943 – Birgit Grodal, Danish economist and academic (d. 2004)
    • 1944 – Jeff Beck, English guitarist and songwriter
    • 1944 – Kathryn Lasky, American author
    • 1944 – Chris Wood, English saxophonist (d. 1983)
    • 1945 – Colin Blunstone, English singer-songwriter
    • 1945 – Wayne Cashman, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1945 – George Pataki, American lawyer and politician, 53rd Governor of New York
    • 1945 – Betty Stöve, Dutch tennis player
    • 1946 – David Collenette, Canadian civil servant and politician, 32nd Canadian Minister of National Defence
    • 1946 – Ellison Onizuka, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut (d. 1986)
    • 1946 – Robert Reich, American economist and politician, 22nd United States Secretary of Labor
    • 1947 – Clarissa Dickson Wright, English chef, author, and television personality (d. 2014)
    • 1947 – Peter Weller, American actor and director
    • 1948 – Patrick Moraz, Swiss keyboard player and songwriter
    • 1949 – John Illsley, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
    • 1949 – Betty Jackson, English fashion designer
    • 1950 – Nancy Allen, American actress
    • 1950 – Bob Carlos Clarke, Irish-born English photographer (d. 2006)
    • 1950 – Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (d. 2015)
    • 1950 – Mercedes Lackey, American author
    • 1951 – Raelene Boyle, Australian sprinter
    • 1951 – Charles Sturridge, English director, producer, and screenwriter
    • 1952 – Dianna Melrose, English diplomat, British High Commissioner to Tanzania
    • 1952 – Bob Neill, English lawyer and politician
    • 1953 – William E. Moerner, American chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
    • 1953 – Michael Tuck, Australian footballer and coach
    • 1955 – Chris Higgins, English geneticist and academic
    • 1955 – Edmund Malura, German footballer and manager
    • 1955 – Loren Roberts, American golfer
    • 1956 – Owen Paterson, English politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
    • 1957 – Mark Parkinson, American lawyer and politician, 45th Governor of Kansas
    • 1958 – Jean Charest, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Deputy Prime Minister of Canada
    • 1958 – Silvio Mondinelli, Italian mountaineer
    • 1958 – John Tortorella, American ice hockey player and coach
    • 1959 – Andy McCluskey, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer
    • 1960 – Elish Angiolini, Scottish lawyer, judge, and politician, Solicitor General for Scotland
    • 1960 – Siedah Garrett, American singer-songwriter and pianist
    • 1960 – Karin Pilsäter, Swedish accountant and politician
    • 1960 – Erik Poppe, Norwegian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter
    • 1961 – Dennis Danell, American singer and guitarist (d. 2000)
    • 1961 – Iain Glen, Scottish actor
    • 1961 – Bernie Nicholls, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
    • 1961 – Ralph E. Reed, Jr., American journalist and activist
    • 1961 – Curt Smith, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
    • 1963 – Yuri Kasparyan, Russian guitarist
    • 1963 – Preki, Serbian-American soccer player and coach
    • 1963 – Mike Wieringo, American author and illustrator (d. 2007)
    • 1964 – Jean-Luc Delarue, French television host and producer (d. 2012)
    • 1964 – Kathryn Parminter, Baroness Parminter, English politician
    • 1964 – Gary Suter, American ice hockey player and scout
    • 1965 – Claude Bourbonnais, Canadian race car driver
    • 1965 – Uwe Krupp, German ice hockey player and coach
    • 1965 – Richard Lumsden, English actor, writer, composer and musician
    • 1966 – Hope Sandoval, American singer-songwriter and musician
    • 1966 – Adrienne Shelly, American actress, director, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
    • 1967 – Janez Lapajne, Slovenian director and producer
    • 1967 – John Limniatis, Greek-Canadian footballer and manager
    • 1968 – Alaa Abdelnaby, Egyptian-American basketball player and sportscaster
    • 1970 – Glenn Medeiros, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
    • 1970 – Bernardo Sassetti, Portuguese pianist, composer, and educator (d. 2012)
    • 1972 – Robbie McEwen, Australian cyclist
    • 1972 – Denis Žvegelj, Slovenian rower
    • 1973 – Alexis Gauthier, French chef
    • 1973 – Jere Lehtinen, Finnish ice hockey player
    • 1974 – Dan Byles, English sailor, rower, and politician
    • 1974 – Chris Guccione, American baseball player and umpire
    • 1975 – Marek Malík, Czech ice hockey player
    • 1975 – Federico Pucciariello, Argentinian-Italian rugby player
    • 1976 – Brock Olivo, American football player and coach
    • 1977 – Dimos Dikoudis, Greek basketball player and manager
    • 1977 – Jeff Farmer, Australian footballer
    • 1978 – Luis García, Spanish footballer
    • 1978 – Pantelis Kafes, Greek footballer
    • 1978 – Shunsuke Nakamura, Japanese footballer
    • 1978 – Ariel Pink, American singer-songwriter
    • 1978 – Juan Román Riquelme, Argentinian footballer
    • 1978 – Emppu Vuorinen, Finnish guitarist and songwriter
    • 1979 – Mindy Kaling, American actress and producer
    • 1979 – Petra Němcová, Czech model and philanthropist
    • 1980 – Cicinho, Brazilian footballer
    • 1980 – Nina Dübbers, German tennis player
    • 1980 – Andrew Jones, Australian race car driver
    • 1980 – Minka Kelly, American actress
    • 1982 – Kevin Nolan, English footballer
    • 1982 – Jarret Stoll, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1983 – Rebecca Cooke, English swimmer
    • 1983 – Gianni Munari, Italian footballer
    • 1983 – Gard Nilssen, Norwegian drummer
    • 1983 – David Shillington, Australian rugby league player
    • 1984 – Andrea Raggi, Italian footballer
    • 1984 – J.J. Redick, American basketball player
    • 1984 – Johanna Welin, Swedish-born German wheelchair basketball player
    • 1985 – Diego Alves Carreira, Brazilian footballer
    • 1985 – Tom Kennedy, English footballer
    • 1985 – Ethan Klein, American YouTuber
    • 1985 – Nate Myles, Australian rugby league player
    • 1985 – Vernon Philander, South African cricketer
    • 1985 – Yukina Shirakawa, Japanese model
    • 1986 – Stuart Broad, English cricketer
    • 1986 – Phil Hughes, American baseball player
    • 1986 – Solange Knowles, American singer-songwriter and actress
    • 1987 – Simona Dobrá, Czech tennis player
    • 1987 – Lionel Messi, Argentinian footballer
    • 1987 – Pierre Vaultier, French snowboarder
    • 1988 – Micah Richards, English footballer
    • 1989 – Teklemariam Medhin, Eritrean runner
    • 1990 – Michael Del Zotto, Canadian ice hockey player
    • 1990 – Richard Sukuta-Pasu, German footballer
    • 1991 – Yasmin Paige, English actress
    • 1991 – Aidan Sezer, Australian rugby league player
    • 1992 – David Alaba, Austrian footballer
    • 1996 – Duki, Argentinian rapper

    Deaths on June 24

    • 994 – Abu Isa al-Warraq, Arab scholar (b. 889)
    • 1046 – Jeongjong II, Korean ruler (b. 1018)
    • 1088 – William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, Norman nobleman
    • 1314 – Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester, English commander (b. 1291)
    • 1314 – Robert de Clifford, 1st Baron de Clifford, English soldier and politician, Lord Warden of the Marches (b. 1274)
    • 1398 – Hongwu, Chinese emperor (b. 1328)
    • 1439 – Frederick IV, duke of Austria (b. 1382)
    • 1503 – Reginald Bray, English architect and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1440)
    • 1519 – Lucrezia Borgia, Italian wife of Alfonso I d’Este, Duke of Ferrara (b. 1480)
    • 1520 – Hosokawa Sumimoto, Japanese commander (b. 1489)
    • 1604 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English courtier, Lord Great Chamberlain (b. 1550)
    • 1637 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer and historian (b. 1580)
    • 1643 – John Hampden, English politician (b. 1595)
    • 1766 – Adrien Maurice de Noailles, French soldier and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1678)
    • 1778 – Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch philologist and academic (b. 1714)
    • 1803 – Matthew Thornton, Irish-American judge and politician (b. 1714)
    • 1817 – Thomas McKean, American lawyer and politician, 2nd Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1734)
    • 1835 – Andreas Vokos Miaoulis, Greek admiral and politician (b. 1769)
    • 1902 – George Leake, Australian politician, 2nd Premier of Western Australia (b. 1856)
    • 1908 – Grover Cleveland, American lawyer and politician, 22nd and 24th President of the United States (b. 1837)
    • 1909 – Sarah Orne Jewett, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (b. 1849)
    • 1922 – Walther Rathenau, German businessman and politician, 7th German Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1867)
    • 1931 – Otto Mears, Russian-American businessman (b. 1840)
    • 1931 – Xiang Zhongfa, Chinese politician, 2nd General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (b. 1880)
    • 1932 – Ernst Põdder, Estonian general (b. 1879)
    • 1943 – Camille Roy, Canadian priest and critic (b. 1870)
    • 1946 – Louise Whitfield Carnegie, American philanthropist (b. 1857)
    • 1947 – Emil Seidel, American politician, Mayor of Milwaukee (b. 1864)
    • 1962 – Volfgangs Dārziņš, Latvian composer, pianist and music critic (b. 1906)
    • 1964 – Stuart Davis, American painter and academic (b. 1892)
    • 1968 – Tony Hancock, English actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1924)
    • 1969 – Frank King, American cartoonist (b. 1883)
    • 1969 – Willy Ley, German-American historian and author (b. 1906)
    • 1976 – Minor White, American photographer, critic, and academic (b. 1908)
    • 1978 – Robert Charroux, French author and critic (b. 1909)
    • 1980 – V. V. Giri, Indian lawyer and politician, 4th President of India (b. 1894)
    • 1984 – Clarence Campbell, Canadian businessman (b. 1905)
    • 1987 – Jackie Gleason, American actor, comedian, and producer (b. 1916)
    • 1988 – Csaba Kesjár, Hungarian race car driver (b. 1962)
    • 1991 – Sumner Locke Elliott, Australian-American author and playwright (b. 1917)
    • 1991 – Rufino Tamayo, Mexican painter and illustrator (b. 1899)
    • 1994 – Jean Vallerand, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1915)
    • 1995 – Andrew J. Transue, American politician and attorney Morissette v. United States (b. 1903)
    • 1997 – Brian Keith, American actor (b. 1921)
    • 2000 – Vera Atkins, British intelligence officer (b. 1908)
    • 2000 – David Tomlinson, English actor and comedian (b. 1917)
    • 2000 – Rodrigo Bueno, Argentine cuarteto singer (b. 1973)
    • 2002 – Pierre Werner, Luxembourgian banker and politician, 21st Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1913)
    • 2004 – Ifigeneia Giannopoulou, Greek songwriter and author (b. 1957)
    • 2005 – Paul Winchell, American actor, voice artist, and ventriloquist (b. 1922)
    • 2007 – Natasja Saad, Danish rapper and reggae singer (b. 1974)
    • 2007 – Chris Benoit, Canadian wrestler (b. 1967)
    • 2007 – Derek Dougan, Northern Irish footballer and manager (b. 1938)
    • 2008 – Gerhard Ringel, Austrian mathematician and academic (b. 1919)
    • 2009 – Roméo LeBlanc, Canadian journalist and politician, 25th Governor General of Canada (b. 1927)
    • 2010 – Fred Anderson, American jazz tenor saxophonist (b. 1929)
    • 2011 – Tomislav Ivić, Croatian football coach and manager (b. 1933)
    • 2012 – Darrel Akerfelds, American baseball player and coach (b. 1962)
    • 2012 – Gad Beck, German author and educator (b. 1923)
    • 2012 – Gu Chaohao, Chinese mathematician and academic (b. 1926)
    • 2012 – Miki Roqué, Spanish footballer (b. 1988)
    • 2012 – Ann C. Scales, American lawyer, educator, and activist (b. 1952)
    • 2013 – Mick Aston, English archaeologist and academic (b. 1946)
    • 2013 – Emilio Colombo, Italian politician, 40th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1920)
    • 2013 – Joannes Gijsen, Dutch bishop (b. 1932)
    • 2013 – William Hathaway, American lawyer and politician (b. 1924)
    • 2013 – James Martin, English-Bermudian computer scientist and author (b. 1933)
    • 2013 – Alan Myers, American drummer (b. 1955)
    • 2014 – John Clement, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1928)
    • 2014 – Olga Kotelko, Canadian runner and softball player (b. 1919)
    • 2014 – Ramón José Velásquez, Venezuelan journalist, lawyer, and politician, President of Venezuela (b. 1916)
    • 2014 – Eli Wallach, American actor (b. 1915)
    • 2015 – Cristiano Araújo, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1986)
    • 2015 – Mario Biaggi, American police officer, politician and criminal (b. 1917)
    • 2015 – Marva Collins, American author and educator (b. 1936)
    • 2015 – Susan Ahn Cuddy, American lieutenant (b. 1915)
    • 2019 – Billy Drago, American actor (b. 1945)

    Holidays and observances on June 24

    • Army Day or Battle of Carabobo Day (Venezuela)
    • Bannockburn Day (Scotland)
    • Christian feast day:
      • María Guadalupe García Zavala
      • Nativity of Saint John the Baptist
      • June 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
    • Day of the Caboclo (Amazonas, Brazil)
    • Discovery Day, observed on the nearest Monday to June 24 (Newfoundland and Labrador)
    • Earliest day on which Armed Forces Day can fall, while June 30 is the latest; celebrated on the last Saturday in June. (United Kingdom)
    • Earliest day on which Inventors’ and Rationalizers’ Day can fall, while June 30 is the latest; celebrated on the last Saturday in June. (Russia)
    • Earliest day on which Mother’s Day can fall, while June 30 is the latest; celebrated on the last Sunday in June. (Kenya)
    • Earliest day on which Youth Day can fall, while Jun 30 is the latest; celebrated on the last Sunday in June. (Ukraine, Belarus)
    • Inti Raymi, a winter solstice festival and a New Year in the Andes of the Southern Hemisphere (Sacsayhuamán)
    • St John’s Day and the second day of the Midsummer celebrations (although this is not the astronomical summer solstice, see June 20) (Roman Catholic Church, Europe), and its related observances:
      • Enyovden (Bulgaria)
      • Jaanipäev (Estonia)
      • Jāņi (Latvia)
      • Jónsmessa (Iceland)
      • Midsummer Day (England)
      • Saint Jonas’ Festival or Joninės (Lithuania)
      • Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day (Quebec)
      • Sânziene (western Carpathian Mountains of Romania)
      • Wattah Wattah Festival (Philippines)
    • Fors Fortuna, ancient Roman festival to Fortuna