Methods and Research

A. causation
B. correlation
C. association
D. connection

A. being as precise as possible in defining an initial hypothesis
B. holding some variables constant to look at the effects of others
C. supervising the data collection process as closely as possible
D. seeking to manipulate the outcomes of a research process

A. it takes place outside the university campus
B. it makes use of covert research methods
C. it investigates working of society that are different from official accounts
D. the investigator is sympathetic to the activities that he is investigating

A. reading a textual document quickly to understand the gist of it
B. gathering a sample from whoever you can see in a public place
C. scanning a table to identify general patterns and significant figures
D. keeg your eyes on research participants at all times

A. is a sincere and accurate account free from political bias
B. is representative of all the similar documents that did not survive
C. has both a literal and an interpretable meaning
D. is a sound original, or reliable copy of known authorship

A. the findings are amenable to statistical analysis
B. it is conducted over a period of several years
C. it uncovers rich detailed accounts from an insider’s perspective
D. it compares findings from a number of different cases

A. fixed-choice questions s
B. short questions s
C. leading questions
D. funneled questions s

A. triangulation
B. explanation
C. description
D. exploration

A. human behavior is meaningful and varies between individuals and cultures
B. it is difficult for sociologists to gain access to a research laboratory
C. sociologists are not rational or critical enough in their approach
D. we cannot collect empirical data about social life

A. acknowledge research collaboration and assistance
B. preserve the confidentiality of their subjects
C. protect their subjects from personal harm
D. make all research notes available for public scrutiny