What is the shear rate at the pipe wall, in case of laminar flow of Newtonian fluids in a pipe of diameter ‘D’ & length ‘L’ incurring a pressure drop ‘Δp’ with average velocity ‘Vavg’ ?
A. D Δp/8L
B. D Δp/4L
C. 8 Vavg/D
D. 4 Vavg/D