Which of the following statements about price and marginal cost in competitive and monopolized markets is true ?

Which of the following statements about price and marginal cost in competitive and monopolized markets is true ?

A. In competitive markets, price equals marginal cost, in monopolized markets price exceeds marginal cost.
B. In competitive markets price equals marginal cost, in monopolized markets price equals marginal cost
C. In competitive markets price exceeds marginal cost, in monopolized markets price exceeds marginal cost
D. In competitive markets price exceeds marginal cost in monopolized markets price equals marginal cost

When a monopolist produces an additional unit, the marginal revenue generated by that unit must be ?

When a monopolist produces an additional unit, the marginal revenue generated by that unit must be ?

A. below the price because the price effect outweighs the output effect
B. above the price because the output effect outweighs the price effect
C. above the price because the price effect outweighs the output effect
D. below the price because the output effect outweighs the price effect

A welfare loss occurs in monopoly where ?

A welfare loss occurs in monopoly where ?

A. The price is greater than the marginal cost
B. The price is greater than the marginal benefit
C. The price is greater than the average revenue
D. The price is greater than the marginal revenue

X inefficiency occurs when ?

X inefficiency occurs when ?

A. The price is greater than the marginal cost
B. The price is greater than the average cost
C. Costs are higher than they could be due to a lack of competitive pressure
D. There are external cost

Which of the following is not put forth as a criticism of advertising and brand names ?

Which of the following is not put forth as a criticism of advertising and brand names ?

A. Advertising manipulates people’s tastes to create a desire that otherwise would not exist
B. Advertising increase competition Which causes unnecessary bankruptcies and layoffs.
C. Advertising increases brand loyalty causes demand to be more inelastic and thus, increase mark-up over marginal cost.
All of these answers are criticisms of advertising and brand names

Which of the following firms is most likely to spend a large percentage of their revenue on advertising ?

Which of the following firms is most likely to spend a large percentage of their revenue on advertising ?

A. the producer of a highly differentiated consumer product
B. the manufacturer of an undifferentiated consumer commodity
C. a perfect competitor
D. The manufacturer of an industrial product
E. The producer of a low-quality product that costs the same to produce as a similar high-quality product