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In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube) ?

/ Process Equipment and Plant Design / By
In a shell and tube heat exchanger having square pitch, the shell side equivalent diameter is given by (where, P = pitch, d = outside diameter of the tube) ?

A. 4(P2 – πd2/4)/πd
B. (P2 – rd2/4)/rd
C. 4P2/πd
D. πd/4P2