Diffuse erythema (pinpoint petechiae) and white patches in smoker’s palate occur due to________________?

Diffuse erythema (point petechiae) and white patches in smoker’s palate occur due to________________?

A. Complete obstruction to minor salivary gland orifices
B. Keratinization with partially occluded minor salivary glands
C. Diffuse parakeratinization of the palate
D. Excessive orthokeratinization of the palate