A perforated plate has holes of diameter dn arranged in a pitch ph. Each hole has a tube of I.D. dt passing through it. The ligament efficiency is given by_______________?

A perforated plate has holes of diameter dn arranged in a pitch ph. Each hole has a tube of I.D. dt passing through it. The ligament efficiency is given by_______________?

A. (ph – dh)/ph
B. (ph – dh . dt/2)/ph
C. (ph – dt)/ph
D. (ph – dh)/dh

The equivalent diameter for fluid flow through a channel of constant non-circular cross section of area ‘A’ is given by (where, P = perimeter of the channel in contact with the fluid) ?

The equivalent diameter for fluid flow through a channel of constant non-circular cross section of area ‘A’ is given by (where, P = perimeter of the channel in contact with the fluid) ?

A. 4 A/P
B. A/P
C. 4 P/A
D. √A