What is the shear rate at the pipe wall, in case of laminar flow of Newtonian fluids in a pipe of diameter ‘D’ & length ‘L’ incurring a pressure drop ‘Δp’ with average velocity ‘Vavg’ ?

What is the shear rate at the pipe wall, in case of laminar flow of Newtonian fluids in a pipe of diameter ‘D’ & length ‘L’ incurring a pressure drop ‘Δp’ with average velocity ‘Vavg’ ?

A. D Δp/8L
B. D Δp/4L
C. 8 Vavg/D
D. 4 Vavg/D

For laminar flow of Newtonian fluid in a circular pipe, the velocity distribution is a function of the distance ‘d’ measured from the centre line of the pipe, and it follows a ______________ relationship?

For laminar flow of Newtonian fluid in a circular pipe, the velocity distribution is a function of the distance ‘d’ measured from the centre line of the pipe, and it follows a ______________ relationship?

A. Logarithmic
B. Parabolic
C. Hyperbolic
D. Linear