A. Set
B. Sequence
C. Universal quantification
D. Both Set and Sequence
A. Multi-tier client–server architecture
B. Master-slave architecture
C. Distributed component architecture
D. Peer-to-peer architecture
Explanation: Peer-to-peer (p2p) systems are decentralized systems in which computations may be carried out by any node on the network.
A. providing frameworks
B. verifying systems
C. provide investors
D. both providing frameworks and verifying systems
Explanation: A method is formal if it has a sound mathematical basis, typically given by a formal specification language
A. Contradictions
B. Post-condition
C. Vagueness
D. None of the mentioned
Explanation: A precondition defines the circumstances in which a particular operation is valid.
A. semantic domain
B. syntactic domain
C. sequence
D. set
A. Expert training
B. Consulting
C. Prerequisite knowledge
D. Both Expert training and Consulting
Explanation: The answer is self-explanatory.
A. semantic domain
B. syntactic domain
C. sequence
D. set
Explanation: For example, a programming language has a set of formal semantics that enables the software developer to specify algorithms that transform input to output.
A. CMM
B. ISO-9001
C. CASE tools
D. Formal methods
Explanation: Formal methods provide a concise, unambiguous, and consistent method for documenting system requirements.
A. Contradictions
B. Ambiguities
C. Vagueness
D. Incompleteness
Explanation: Achieving a high level of precision consistently is an almost impossible task.
A. Contradictions
B. Ambiguities
C. Vagueness
D. Comments
Explanation: As the name indicates, these statements may be interpreted differently as per user.