Which of the following is not a quasi-public good ?
A. national defense
B. an automobile
C. libraries
D. fire protection
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Before the 1978 reforms China had a(n) ?
Before the 1978 reforms China had a(n) ?
A. agricultural bank only
B. urban credit cooperatives
C. mono bank system
D. housing savings banks
Countries such as ________ that failed to adjust to a persistent external disequilibrium were more vulnerable to poverty displacement and even war ?
Countries such as ________ that failed to adjust to a persistent external disequilibrium were more vulnerable to poverty displacement and even war ?
A. Japan and Korea
B. Brazil and Argentina
C. Algeria and Yugoslavia
D. Singapore and Malaysia
When the world Bank or IMF requires improved external balance in the short run the agency may condition its loan on expenditure switching that is ?
When the world Bank or IMF requires improved external balance in the short run the agency may condition its loan on expenditure switching that is ?
A. switching spending from domestic to foreign sources
B. devaluing local currencies
C. increase trade restrictions by imposing quota
D. increase government spending
Internal balance refers to ?
Internal balance refers to ?
A. full employment and price stability
B. exports minus imports
C. monetary policy offsetting fiscal policy
D. exports equal to imports
According to the Brandt report the IMF’s insistence on drastic measures in short time periods ?
According to the Brandt report the IMF’s insistence on drastic measures in short time periods ?
I- contributes to low-income countries recovery quickly
II- reduces basis-needs attainment
III- may lead to IMF riots
IV- may lead to the downfall of governments
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I, III and IV only
Which of the following may constitute the International Monetary Fund’s conditionality for borrowing?
Which of the following may constitute the International Monetary Fund’s conditionality for borrowing?
I. government reducing budget deficts
II. limiting credit creation and liberalizing trade
III. achieving market-clearing price
IV. restraining public sector employment and wage rates
A. I and II only
B. III and IV only
C. I, II , III and IV
D. None of these
An increase in the budget surplus ?
An increase in the budget surplus ?
A. Shifts the supply of loanable funds to the left and increase the real interest rate
B. Shift the supply of loanable funds to the right and reduces the real interest rate.
C. Shifts the demand for loanable funds to the right and increases the real interest rate.
D. Shifts the demand for loanable funds to the left and reduces the real interest rate
If Pakistani citizens become less concerned with the future and save less at each real interest rate ?
If Pakistani citizens become less concerned with the future and save less at each real interest rate ?
A. Real interest rates rise and investment falls
B. Real interest rates rise and investment rises
C. Real interest rates fall and investment rises
D. Real interest rates fall and investment falls
An increase in the budget deficit is ?
An increase in the budget deficit is ?
A. an increase in public saving
B. a decrease in private saving
C. None of these answers
D. a decrease in public savings